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Azizan S, Cheng KJ, Mejia Mohamed EH, Ibrahim K, Faruqu FN, Vellasamy KM, Khong TL, Syafruddin SE, Ibrahim ZA. Insights into the molecular mechanisms and signalling pathways of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in colorectal cancer: A systematic review and bioinformatic analysis of gene expression. Gene 2024; 896:148057. [PMID: 38043836 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.148057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is ranked as the second leading cause of mortality worldwide, mainly due to metastasis. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complex cellular process that drives CRC metastasis, regulated by changes in EMT-associated gene expression. However, while numerous genes have been identified as EMT regulators through various in vivo and in vitro studies, little is known about the genes that are differentially expressed in CRC tumour tissue and their signalling pathway in regulating EMT. Using an integration of systematic search and bioinformatic analysis, gene expression profiles of CRC tumour tissues were compared to non-tumour adjacent tissues to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), followed by performing systematic review on common identified DEGs. Fifty-eight common DEGs were identified from the analysis of 82 tumour tissue samples obtained from four gene expression datasets (NCBI GEO). These DEGS were then systematically searched for their roles in modulating EMT in CRC based on previously published studies. Following this, 10 common DEGs (CXCL1, CXCL8, MMP1, MMP3, MMP7, TACSTD2, VIP, HPGD, ABCG2, CLCA4) were included in this study and subsequently subjected to further bioinformatic analysis. Their roles and functions in modulating EMT in CRC were discussed in this review. This study enhances our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying EMT and uncovers potential candidate genes and pathways that could be targeted in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suha Azizan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kim Jun Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Kamariah Ibrahim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Farid Nazer Faruqu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kumutha Malar Vellasamy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tak Loon Khong
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Saiful Effendi Syafruddin
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), UKM Medical Centre, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zaridatul Aini Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Matos B, Patrício D, Henriques MC, Freitas MJ, Vitorino R, Duarte IF, Howl J, Oliveira PA, Seixas F, Duarte JA, Ferreira R, Fardilha M. Chronic exercise training attenuates prostate cancer-induced molecular remodelling in the testis. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:311-327. [PMID: 33074478 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-020-00567-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Prostate cancer is a major cause of cancer-related death in males worldwide and, in addition to impairing prostate function, also causes testicular adaptations. In this study, we aim to investigate the preventive effect of exercise training on PCa-induced testicular dysfunction. METHODS As a model, we used fifty Wistar Unilever male rats, randomly divided in four experimental groups. Prostate cancer was chemically and hormonally induced in two groups of animals (PCa groups). One control group and one PCa group was submitted to moderate intensity treadmill exercise training. Fifty weeks after the start of the training the animals were sacrificed and sperm, prostate, testis and serum were collected and analyzed. Sperm concentration and morphology, and testosterone serum levels were determined. In addition, histological analyses of the testes were performed, and testis proteomes and metabolomes were characterized. RESULTS We found that prostate cancer negatively affected testicular function, manifested as an arrest of spermatogenesis. Oxidative stress-induced DNA damage, arising from reduced testis blood flow, may also contribute to apoptosis of germ cells and consequential spermatogenic impairment. Decreased utilization of the glycolytic pathway, increased metabolism of ketone bodies and the accumulation of branched chain amino acids were also evident in the PCa animals. Conversely, we found that the treadmill training regimen activated DNA repair mechanisms and counteracted several metabolic alterations caused by PCa without impact on oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS These findings confirm a negative impact of prostate cancer on testis function and suggest a beneficial role for exercise training in the prevention of prostate cancer-induced testis dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Matos
- Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Daniela Patrício
- Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Magda C Henriques
- Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria J Freitas
- Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rui Vitorino
- Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Iola F Duarte
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - John Howl
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Research Institute in Healthcare Science, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Paula A Oliveira
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Seixas
- Animal and Veterinary Research Center (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - José A Duarte
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Margarida Fardilha
- Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Pudkasam S, Tangalakis K, Chinlumprasert N, Apostolopoulos V, Stojanovska L. Breast cancer and exercise: The role of adiposity and immune markers. Maturitas 2017; 105:16-22. [PMID: 28515012 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Currently, breast cancer accounts for a quarter of all cancers and 15% of cancer-specific deaths amongst females. The global occurrence of breast cancer has increased in the last decade whilst the mortality rate has decreased. Exercise can be beneficial to breast cancer patients through changes in adiposity and immune responses. Even though there is some evidence supporting the improvement of fat metabolism and immune function after an exercise program in breast cancer, randomized controlled studies are limited and require further comprehensive analysis in this population group. Herein, we identify the known effects of exercise programs on adiposity and immunological markers which can improve breast cancer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supa Pudkasam
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, PO Box 14426, Melbourne VIC 8001 Australia; Faculty of Nursing Science, Assumption University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kathy Tangalakis
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, PO Box 14426, Melbourne VIC 8001 Australia
| | | | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, PO Box 14426, Melbourne VIC 8001 Australia.
| | - Lily Stojanovska
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, PO Box 14426, Melbourne VIC 8001 Australia.
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Li G, Wu K, Tao K, Lu X, Ma J, Mao Z, Li H, Shi L, Li J, Niu Y, Xiang F, Wang G. Vasoactive intestinal peptide induces CD14+HLA-DR‑/low myeloid-derived suppressor cells in gastric cancer. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:760-8. [PMID: 25695487 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous group of cells, which have been revealed to inhibit T-cell responses in tumor-bearing mice. In addition, a number of immune suppressive mechanisms have linked MDSCs and the development of human cancer. However, the role of MDSCs in human gastric cancer tissue remains to be elucidated as specific markers are lacking. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the frequency and immune suppressive function of MDSCs denoted in the present study as cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14)+human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR-/low in gastric cancer patients. In the present study, MDSCs were directly isolated and characterized from the tumor and adjacent normal tissue of gastric cancer patients. Functional analysis of the CD14+HLA-DR-/low MDSCs co-cultured with allogeneic CD4+ T cells were performed and compared with controls. In addition, the interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL)-2 production was compared in order to investigate the capacity of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) to induce CD14+HLA-DR(-/low) MDSC-mediated CD4+ T-cell dysfunction and whether IL-10 secretion is involved in this mechanism. As a result, the quantity of CD14+HLA-DR(-/low) cells in tumor tissue from gastric cancer patients was significantly higher than that in the adjacent normal tissue. In addition, CD14+HLA-DR-/low MDSCs isolated from tumor tissue were observed to inhibit the CD4+ T-cells' immune responses in comparison with those from the adjacent normal tissue. Furthermore, VIP was able to induce the differentiation of CD14+ mononuclear cells isolated from healthy donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells into activated MDSC cells. Of note, the immunosuppressive effect of VIP-induced CD14+HLA-DR(-/low) MDSCs on CD4+ T cells was mediated by IL-10 secretion, which was demonstrated in the subsequent decrease of IFN-γ and IL-2 production. In conclusion, CD14+HLA-DR(-/low) cells were significantly increased in gastric cancer tissue and were shown to have a critical role in CD4+T-cell immunosuppression. In addition, VIP as a novel cytokine may induce the differentiation of CD14+ mononuclear cells towards CD14+HLA-DR(-/low) MDSCs. An improved understanding of phenotypic heterogeneity and the mechanism of generation of MDSCs in gastric cancer patients is important in the design of effective immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Department of Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Ke Wu
- Department of Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Department of Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Lu
- Department of Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Ma
- Department of Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Zhengqiang Mao
- Department of Surgery Oncology, Central Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R. China
| | - Hang Li
- Department of Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Liang Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Gerontology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Yanfeng Niu
- Department of Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Fan Xiang
- Department of Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Guobin Wang
- Department of Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
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Song H, Pan J, Liu Y, Wen H, Wang L, Cui J, Liu Y, Hu B, Yao Z, Ji G. Increased ARPP-19 expression is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 16:178-92. [PMID: 25547487 PMCID: PMC4307242 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16010178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein 19 (ARPP-19) plays a key role in cell mitotic G2/M transition. Expression of ARPP-19 was increased in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) compared to adjacent non-tumorous liver tissues in 36 paired liver samples, and the level of ARPP-19 in HCC tissues was positively correlated with the tumor size. To determine the interrelationship between ARPP-19 expression and HCC, we silenced ARPP-19 expression in the human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells using lentivirus encoding ARPP-19 siRNA. HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells with ARPP-19 knockdown displayed lowered cell growth rate, retarded colony formation and increased arrest at the G2/M phase transition. Silencing ARPP-19 in HCC cells resulted in decreased protein levels of phospho-(Ser) CDKs substrates and increased levels of inactivated cyclin division cycle 2 (Cdc2). Therefore, ARPP-19 may play a role in HCC pathogenesis through regulating cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Song
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Jielu Pan
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Hongzhu Wen
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Jiefeng Cui
- Liver Cancer Institute of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yinkun Liu
- Liver Cancer Institute of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Oncology and Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Zemin Yao
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Loprinzi PD, Lee H. Rationale for Promoting Physical Activity Among Cancer Survivors: Literature Review and Epidemiologic Examination. Oncol Nurs Forum 2014; 41:117-25. [DOI: 10.1188/14.onf.117-125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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