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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Chen H, Pan L, Liao X, Wang S. A Novel Form of Neuregulin 1 Type III Caused by N-Terminal Processing. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1756. [PMID: 38136627 PMCID: PMC10741733 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nrg1 (Neuregulin 1) type III, a susceptible gene of schizophrenia, exhibits a critical role in the central nervous system and is essential at each stage of Schwann's cell development. Nrg1 type III comprises double-pass transmembrane domains, with the N-terminal and C-terminal localizing inside the cells. The N-terminal transmembrane helix partially overlaps with the cysteine-rich domain (CRD). In this study, Nrg1 type III constructs with different tags were transformed into cultured cells to verify whether CRD destroyed the transmembrane helix formation. We took advantage of immunofluorescent and immunoprecipitation assays on whole cells and analyzed the N-terminal distribution. Astonishingly, we found that a novel form of Nrg1 type III, about 10% of Nrg1 type III, omitted the N-terminal transmembrane helix, with the N-terminal positioning outside the membrane. The results indicated that the novel single-pass transmembrane status was a minor form of Nrg1 type III caused by N-terminal processing, while the major form was a double-pass transmembrane status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukai Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yingxing Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Hong Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Liangjing Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xufeng Liao
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Shunqi Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
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Puhl DL, Funnell JL, D’Amato AR, Bao J, Zagorevski DV, Pressman Y, Morone D, Haggerty AE, Oudega M, Gilbert RJ. Aligned Fingolimod-Releasing Electrospun Fibers Increase Dorsal Root Ganglia Neurite Extension and Decrease Schwann Cell Expression of Promyelinating Factors. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:937. [PMID: 32923432 PMCID: PMC7456907 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Researchers are investigating the use of biomaterials with aligned guidance cues, like those provided by aligned electrospun fibers, to facilitate axonal growth across critical-length peripheral nerve defects. To enhance the regenerative outcomes further, these aligned fibers can be designed to provide local, sustained release of therapeutics. The drug fingolimod improved peripheral nerve regeneration in preclinical rodent models by stimulating a pro-regenerative Schwann cell phenotype and axonal growth. However, the systemic delivery of fingolimod for nerve repair can lead to adverse effects, so it is necessary to develop a means of providing sustained delivery of fingolimod local to the injury. Here we created aligned fingolimod-releasing electrospun fibers that provide directional guidance cues in combination with the local, sustained release of fingolimod to enhance neurite outgrowth and stimulate a pro-regenerative Schwann cell phenotype. Electrospun fiber scaffolds were created by blending fingolimod into poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) at a w/w% (drug/polymer) of 0.0004, 0.02, or 0.04%. We examined the effectiveness of these scaffolds to stimulate neurite extension in vitro by measuring neurite outgrowth from whole and dissociated dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Subsequently, we characterized Schwann cell migration and gene expression in vitro. The results show that drug-loaded PLGA fibers released fingolimod for 28 days, which is the longest reported release of fingolimod from electrospun fibers. Furthermore, the 0.02% fingolimod-loaded fibers enhanced neurite outgrowth from whole and dissociated DRG neurons, increased Schwann cell migration, and reduced the Schwann cell expression of promyelinating factors. The in vitro findings show the potential of the aligned fingolimod-releasing electrospun fibers to enhance peripheral nerve regeneration and serve as a basis for future in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devan L. Puhl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Jessica L. Funnell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Anthony R. D’Amato
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Jonathan Bao
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Dmitri V. Zagorevski
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Yelena Pressman
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Daniel Morone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Agnes E. Haggerty
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Martin Oudega
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences and Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL, United States
| | - Ryan J. Gilbert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
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Zhou F, Xia Z, Liu K, Zhou Q. Exogenous neuregulin-1 attenuates STZ-induced diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain in rats. Acta Cir Bras 2017; 32:28-37. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020170104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Mostaid MS, Lloyd D, Liberg B, Sundram S, Pereira A, Pantelis C, Karl T, Weickert CS, Everall IP, Bousman CA. Neuregulin-1 and schizophrenia in the genome-wide association study era. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 68:387-409. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Huang LL, Liu ZY, Huang JH, Luo ZJ. Expression pattern of neuregulin-1 type III during the development of the peripheral nervous system. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:65-70. [PMID: 25788922 PMCID: PMC4357119 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.150708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuregulin-1 type III is a key regulator in Schwann cell proliferation, committing to a myelinating fate and regulating myelin sheath thickness. However, the expression pattern of neuregulin-1 type III in the peripheral nervous system during developmental periods (such as the premyelinating stage, myelinating stage and postmyelinating stage) has rarely been studied. In this study, dorsal root ganglia were isolated from rats between postnatal day 1 and postnatal day 56. The expression pattern of neuregulin-1 type III in dorsal root ganglia neurons at various developmental stages were compared by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot assay and immunofluorescent staining. The expression of neuregulin-1 type III mRNA reached its peak at postnatal day 3 and then stabilized at a relative high expression level from postnatal day 3 to postnatal day 56. The expression of neuregulin-1 type III protein increased gradually from postnatal day 1, reached a peak at postnatal day 28, and then decreased at postnatal day 56. Immunofluorescent staining results showed a similar tendency to western blot assay results. Experimental findings indicate that the expression of neuregulin-1 type III in rat dorsal root ganglion was increased during the premyelinating (from postnatal day 2 to postnatal day 5) and myelinating stage (from postnatal day 5 to postnatal day 10), but remained at a high level in the postmyelinating stage (after postnatal day 10).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Liang Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhong-Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jing-Hui Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhuo-Jing Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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Traditional chinese medicine tang-luo-ning ameliorates sciatic nerve injuries in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:989670. [PMID: 24288572 PMCID: PMC3830865 DOI: 10.1155/2013/989670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes associated with high disability rate and low quality of life. Tang-Luo-Ning (TLN) is an effective traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of DPN. To illustrate the underlying neural protection mechanisms of TLN, the effect of TLN on electrophysiology and sciatic nerve morphology was investigated in a model of streptozotocin-induced DPN, as well as the underlying mechanism. Sciatic motor nerve conduction velocity and digital sensory nerve conduction velocity were reduced in DPN and were significantly improved by TLN or α-lipoic acid at 10 and 20 weeks after streptozotocin injection. It was demonstrated that TLN intervention for 20 weeks significantly alleviated pathological injury as well as increased the phosphorylation of ErbB2, Erk, Bad (Ser112), and the mRNA expression of neuregulin 1 (Nrg1), GRB2-associated binding protein 1 (Gab1), and mammalian target of rapamycin (Mtor) in injured sciatic nerve. These novel therapeutic properties of TLN to promote Schwann cell survival may offer a promising alternative medicine for the patients to delay the progression of DPN. The underlying mechanism may be that TLN exerts neural protection effect after sciatic nerve injury through Nrg1/ErbB2→Erk/Bad Schwann cell survival signaling pathway.
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Heermann S, Krieglstein K. Analyzing murine Schwann cell development along growing axons. J Vis Exp 2012. [PMID: 23208118 DOI: 10.3791/50016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of peripheral nerves is an intriguing process. Neurons send out axons to innervate specific targets, which in humans are often more than 100 cm away from the soma of the neuron. Neuronal survival during development depends on target-derived growth factors but also on the support of Schwann cells (SCs). To this end SC ensheath axons from the region of the neuronal soma (or the transition from central to peripheral nervous system) to the synapse or neuromuscular junction. Schwann cells are derivatives of the neural crest and migrate as precursors along emerging axons until the entire axon is covered with SCs. This shows the importance of SC migration for the development of the peripheral nervous system and underlines the necessity to investigate this process. In order to analyze SC development, a setup is needed which next to the SCs also includes their physiological substrate for migration, the axon. Due to intrauterine development in vivo time-lapse imaging, however, is not feasible in placental vertebrates like mouse (mus musculus). To circumvent this, we adapted the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) explant technique. Upon treatment with nerve growth factor (NGF) SCG explants extend axons, followed by SC precursors migrating along the axons from the ganglion to the periphery. The beauty of this system is that the SC are derived from a pool of endogenous SC and that they migrate along their own physiological axons which are growing at the same time. This system is especially intriguing, because the SC development along axons can be analyzed by time-lapse imaging, opening further possibilities to gain insights into SC migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Heermann
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg.
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Heermann S, Schwab MH. Molecular control of Schwann cell migration along peripheral axons: keep moving! Cell Adh Migr 2012; 7:18-22. [PMID: 23076214 DOI: 10.4161/cam.22123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is a highly dynamic process, during which motor and sensory axons innervate distal targets, such as skeletal muscles and skin. Axonal function depends critically on support from Schwann cells, the main glial cell type in the PNS. Schwann cells originate from the neural crest, migrate along outgrowing axons and associate with axons along their entire length prior to ensheathment or myelination. How axonal growth and the migration of Schwann cells is coordinated at the level of reciprocal axon-glial signaling is the fascinating subject of ongoing research. Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) type III, an axonal membrane-bound ligand for receptor tyrosine kinases of the ErbB family, acts as a "master regulator" of peripheral myelination. In addition, NRG1-ErbB signaling directs the development of the Schwann cell lineage and regulates the proliferation and survival of Schwann cells. Studies in zebrafish have identified a direct role of NRG1 type III in Schwann cell migration, but to what extend NRG1 serves a similar function in the mammalian PNS is not clear. We have employed a mouse superior cervical ganglion explant culture system, in which the migration of endogenous Schwann cells along outgrowing axons can be visualized by time-lapse imaging. Using this approach, we found that NRG1 type III-ErbB signaling regulates the colonization of distal axonal segments by Schwann cells. However, our data suggest an indirect effect of NRG1 type III-ErbB signaling via the support of Schwann cell survival in proximal axonal regions rather than a direct effect on Schwann cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Heermann
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Heermann S, Spittau B, Zajzon K, Schwab MH, Krieglstein K. Schwann cells migrate along axons in the absence of GDNF signaling. BMC Neurosci 2012; 13:92. [PMID: 22863354 PMCID: PMC3445819 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-13-92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During development neural crest derived Schwann Cell (SC) precursors migrate to nerve trunks and populate nascent nerves. Axonal ensheathment by SC is a prerequisite for normal nerve function and the integrity of myelinated as well as nonmyelinated axons. To provide adequate support functions, SC colonize entire nerves. One important prerequisite for this is their migration into distal axonal regions. Results Here, we studied the role of Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), a TGF-beta related growth factor, for SC migration. To this end we used a superior cervical ganglion (SCG) explant-SC migration assay, GDNF null mutant mouse embryos and a chemical inhibitor for GDNF signaling in combination with time-lapse imaging. We found that GDNF signaling is dispensable for SC migration along murine embryonic sympathetic axons. Furthermore, in vivo analyzes revealed that SC migration along the sciatic nerve is also not dependent on GDNF. Conclusions In contrast to previous in vitro findings in the sciatic nerve and a SC precursor cell line, our results clearly indicate that GDNF is dispensable for embryonic SC migration. This is demonstrated for the sympathetic nervous system and also for the sciatic nerve in mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Heermann
- Department of Neuroanatomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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