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Okuda M, Noda A, Mabuchi S, Iwamoto K, Banno M, Miyata S, Yasuma F, Ozaki N. Sleep fragmentation and working memory in healthy adults. Sleep Sci 2021; 14:111-117. [PMID: 35082979 PMCID: PMC8764943 DOI: 10.5935/1984-0063.20200088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sleep is essential for performing cognitive function in humans. We have hypothesized that sleep fragmentation compared to sleep efficiency may have a negative impact on the working memory. Material and Methods Twenty-eight healthy adults (18 males and 10 females; mean age 27.8±15.5 years) were enrolled in this study. We measured the total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency, %stage wakefulness (W), %stage rapid eye movement (REM), %stage N1, %stage N2, %stage N3, wake after sleep onset (WASO), and arousal index using polysomnography. Working memory, executive function, and sustained attention of three domains of cognitive function were evaluated with the number of back task (N-back task), Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST), and continuous performance test-identical pairs (CPT-IP), respectively. Results The percentage of correct answers on the 2-back task was significantly correlated with %stage REM, %stage N1, and %stage N2 (%stage REM: r=0.505, p=0.006; %stage N1: r=-0.637, p<0.001; %stage N2: r=0.670, p<0.001), and multiple regression analysis including the stepwise forward selection method revealed that %stage N2 was the most significant factor (%stage N2: β=0.670, p<0.001). The percentage of correct answers on the 2-back task was also significantly correlated with TST, sleep efficiency, WASO, and arousal index (TST: r=0.492, p=0.008; sleep efficiency: r=0.622, p<0.001; WASO: r=-0.721, p<0.001; arousal index: r=-0.656, p<0.001), and WASO was the significant factor (β=-2.086, p=0.007). The WCST category achievement and CPT-IP d-prime score were correlated with none of the sleep variables. Conclusion Increased WASO and a decrease in %stage N2 were associated with worse working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Okuda
- Chubu University Graduate School of Life and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences - Kasugai - Aichi - Japan
| | - Akiko Noda
- Chubu University Graduate School of Life and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences - Kasugai - Aichi - Japan
| | - Sho Mabuchi
- Chubu University Collage of Life and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences -Kasugai - Aichi- Japan
| | - Kunihiro Iwamoto
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry - Nagoya - Aichi -Japan
| | - Masahiro Banno
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry - Nagoya - Aichi -Japan.,Seichiryo Hospital, Department of Psychiatry - Nagoya - Aichi - Japan
| | - Seiko Miyata
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry - Nagoya - Aichi -Japan
| | - Fumihiko Yasuma
- National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine - Suzuka - Mie -Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry - Nagoya - Aichi -Japan
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Kato K, Iwamoto K, Kawano N, Noda Y, Ozaki N, Noda A. Differential effects of physical activity and sleep duration on cognitive function in young adults. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2018; 7:227-236. [PMID: 30356485 PMCID: PMC6180557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although exercise and sleep duration habits are associated with cognitive function, their beneficial effects on cognitive function remain unclear. We aimed to examine the effect of sleep duration and daily physical activity on cognitive function, elucidating the neural mechanisms using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). METHODS A total of 23 healthy young adults (age 22.0 ± 2.2 years) participated in this study. Exercise amount was assessed using a uniaxial accelerometer. We evaluated total sleep time (TST) and sleep efficiency by actigraphy. Cognitive function was tested using the N-back task, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), and the Continuous Performance Test-Identical Pairs (CPT-IP), and the cortical oxygenated hemoglobin levels during a word fluency task were measured with NIRS. RESULTS Exercise amount was significantly correlated with reaction time on 0- and 1-back tasks (r = -0.602, p = 0.002; r = -0.446, p = 0.033, respectively), whereas TST was significantly correlated with % corrects on the 2-back task (r = 0.486, p = 0.019). Multiple regression analysis, including exercise amount, TST, and sleep efficiency, revealed that exercise amount was the most significant factor for reaction time on 0- and 1-back tasks (β = -0.634, p = 0.002; β = -0.454, p = 0.031, respectively), and TST was the most significant factor for % corrects on the 2-back task (β = 0.542, p = 0.014). The parameter measured by WCST and CPT-IP was not significantly correlated with TST or exercise amount. Exercise amount, but not TST, was significantly correlated with the mean area under the NIRS curve in the prefrontal area (r = 0.492, p = 0.017). CONCLUSION Exercise amount and TST had differential effects on working memory and cortical activation in the prefrontal area. Daily physical activity and appropriate sleep duration may play an important role in working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Kato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University Graduate School of Life and Health Sciences, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Iwamoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Naoko Kawano
- Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Noda
- Division of Clinical Sciences and Neuropsychopharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8503, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Akiko Noda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University Graduate School of Life and Health Sciences, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
- Corresponding author.
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Butler MG, McGuire AB, Masoud H, Manzardo AM. Currently recognized genes for schizophrenia: High-resolution chromosome ideogram representation. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2016; 171B:181-202. [PMID: 26462458 PMCID: PMC6679920 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A large body of genetic data from schizophrenia-related research has identified an assortment of genes and disturbed pathways supporting involvement of complex genetic components for schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders. Advances in genetic technology and expanding studies with searchable genomic databases have led to multiple published reports, allowing us to compile a master list of known, clinically relevant, or susceptibility genes contributing to schizophrenia. We searched key words related to schizophrenia and genetics from peer-reviewed medical literature sources, authoritative public access psychiatric websites and genomic databases dedicated to gene discovery and characterization of schizophrenia. Our list of 560 genes were arranged in alphabetical order in tabular form with gene symbols placed on high-resolution human chromosome ideograms. Genome wide pathway analysis using GeneAnalytics was carried out on the resulting list of genes to assess the underlying genetic architecture for schizophrenia. Recognized genes of clinical relevance, susceptibility or causation impact a broad range of biological pathways and mechanisms including ion channels (e.g., CACNA1B, CACNA1C, CACNA1H), metabolism (e.g., CYP1A2, CYP2C19, CYP2D6), multiple targets of neurotransmitter pathways impacting dopamine, GABA, glutamate, and serotonin function, brain development (e.g., NRG1, RELN), signaling peptides (e.g., PIK3CA, PIK4CA) and immune function (e.g., HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQA1) and interleukins (e.g., IL1A, IL10, IL6). This summary will enable clinical and laboratory geneticists, genetic counselors, and other clinicians to access convenient pictorial images of the distribution and location of contributing genes to inform diagnosis and gene-based treatment as well as provide risk estimates for genetic counseling of families with affected relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlin G. Butler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas,Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas,Correspondence to: Merlin G. Butler, M.D., Ph.D., University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, MS 4015, Kansas City, KS 66160,
| | - Austen B. McGuire
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Humaira Masoud
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Ann M. Manzardo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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Association study of BCL9 gene polymorphism rs583583 with schizophrenia and negative symptoms in Japanese population. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15705. [PMID: 26494551 PMCID: PMC4616162 DOI: 10.1038/srep15705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
B-cell CLL/lymphoma 9 (BCL9) is located within the schizophrenia (SCZ) suspected locus chr1q21.1. A recent study reported that a single nucleotide polyphormism (SNP) within BCL9 (rs583583) is associated with negative symptoms of Schizophrenia, as measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), in the Caucasian population. We therefore investigated genetic association of rs583583, and its effect on negative symptoms in the Japanese patients. For association analysis, we used a Japanese sample set comprising 1089 SCZ and 950 controls (CON). Analysis of the effect of rs586586 on negative symptoms as examined by PANSS was investigated using 280 SCZ. Furthermore, for analysis of cognitive performance, we investigated 90 SCZ and 51 CON using the Continuous Performance Test (CPT-IP) and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) Keio version. We did not detect association between rs583583 and SCZ. Furthermore, rs583583 was not associated with PANSS negative scores or with CPT-IT or WCST cognitive tests. Considering the results of our previous study, combined with the results of the current study of rs583583, we argue that BCL9 most likely does not harbor a common genetic variant that can increase the risk for SCZ in the Japanese population.
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Matsuno H, Ohi K, Hashimoto R, Yamamori H, Yasuda Y, Fujimoto M, Yano-Umeda S, Saneyoshi T, Takeda M, Hayashi Y. A naturally occurring null variant of the NMDA type glutamate receptor NR3B subunit is a risk factor of schizophrenia. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116319. [PMID: 25768306 PMCID: PMC4358936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypofunction of the N-methyl-D-aspartate type glutamate receptor (NMDAR) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Here, we investigated the significance of a common human genetic variation of the NMDAR NR3B subunit that inserts 4 bases within the coding region (insCGTT) in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. The cDNA carrying this polymorphism generates a truncated protein, which is electrophysiologically non-functional in heterologous expression systems. Among 586 schizophrenia patients and 754 healthy controls, insCGTT was significantly overrepresented in patients compared to controls (odds ratio = 1.37, p = 0.035). Among 121 schizophrenia patients and 372 healthy controls, genetic analyses of normal individuals revealed that those carrying insCGTT have a predisposition to schizotypal personality traits (F1,356 = 4.69, p = 0.031). Furthermore, pre-pulse inhibition, a neurobiological trait disturbed in patients with schizophrenia, was significantly impaired in patients carrying insCGTT compared with those with the major allele (F1,116 = 5.72, p = 0.018, F1,238 = 4.46, p = 0.036, respectively). These results indicate that a naturally occurring null variant in NR3B could be a risk factor of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Matsuno
- Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ohi
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- * E-mail: (YH); (RH)
| | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuka Yasuda
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Michiko Fujimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satomi Yano-Umeda
- Department of Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takeo Saneyoshi
- Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Takeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasunori Hayashi
- Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Saitama University Brain Science Institute, Saitama University, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
- * E-mail: (YH); (RH)
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van der Gijp A, van der Schaaf MF, van der Schaaf IC, Huige JCBM, Ravesloot CJ, van Schaik JPJ, Ten Cate TJ. Interpretation of radiological images: towards a framework of knowledge and skills. ADVANCES IN HEALTH SCIENCES EDUCATION : THEORY AND PRACTICE 2014; 19:565-80. [PMID: 24449126 DOI: 10.1007/s10459-013-9488-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge and skills that are required for radiological image interpretation are not well documented, even though medical imaging is gaining importance. This study aims to develop a comprehensive framework of knowledge and skills, required for two-dimensional and multiplanar image interpretation in radiology. A mixed-method study approach was applied. First, a literature search was performed to identify knowledge and skills that are important for image interpretation. Three databases, PubMed, PsycINFO and Embase, were searched for studies using synonyms of image interpretation skills or visual expertise combined with synonyms of radiology. Empirical or review studies concerning knowledge and skills for medical image interpretation were included and relevant knowledge and skill items were extracted. Second, a preliminary framework was built and discussed with nine selective experts in individual semi-structured interviews. The expert team consisted of four radiologists, one radiology resident, two education scientists, one cognitive psychologist and one neuropsychologist. The framework was optimised based on the experts comments. Finally, the framework was applied to empirical data, derived from verbal protocols of ten clerks interpreting two-dimensional and multiplanar radiological images. In consensus meetings adjustments were made to resolve discrepancies of the framework with the verbal protocol data. We designed a framework with three main components of image interpretation: perception, analysis and synthesis. The literature study provided four knowledge and twelve skill items. As a result of the expert interviews, one skill item was added and formulations of existing items were adjusted. The think-aloud experiment showed that all knowledge items and three of the skill items were applied within all three main components of the image interpretation process. The remaining framework items were apparent only within one of the main components. After combining two knowledge items, we finally identified three knowledge items and thirteen skills, essential for image interpretation by trainees. The framework can serve as a guideline for education and assessment of two- and three-dimensional image interpretation. Further validation of the framework in larger study groups with different levels of expertise is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A van der Gijp
- Radiology Department, E01.132, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands,
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Banno M, Koide T, Aleksic B, Okada T, Kikuchi T, Kohmura K, Adachi Y, Kawano N, Iidaka T, Ozaki N. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test scores and clinical and sociodemographic correlates in Schizophrenia: multiple logistic regression analysis. BMJ Open 2012; 2:bmjopen-2012-001340. [PMID: 23135537 PMCID: PMC3533115 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated what clinical and sociodemographic factors affected Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) factor scores of patients with schizophrenia to evaluate parameters or items of the WCST. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Patients with schizophrenia from three hospitals participated. PARTICIPANTS Participants were recruited from July 2009 to August 2011. 131 Japanese patients with schizophrenia (84 men and 47 women, 43.5±13.8 years (mean±SD)) entered and completed the study. Participants were recruited in the study if they (1) met DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia; (2) were physically healthy and (3) had no mood disorders, substance abuse, neurodevelopmental disorders, epilepsy or mental retardation. We examined their basic clinical and sociodemographic factors (sex, age, education years, age of onset, duration of illness, chlorpromazine equivalent doses and the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) scores). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES All patients carried out the WCST Keio version. Five indicators were calculated, including categories achieved (CA), perseverative errors in Milner (PEM) and Nelson (PEN), total errors (TE) and difficulties of maintaining set (DMS). From the principal component analysis, we identified two factors (1 and 2). We assessed the relationship between these factor scores and clinical and sociodemographic factors, using multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Factor 1 was mainly composed of CA, PEM, PEN and TE. Factor 2 was mainly composed of DMS. The factor 1 score was affected by age, education years and the PANSS negative scale score. The factor 2 score was affected by duration of illness. CONCLUSIONS Age, education years, PANSS negative scale score and duration of illness affected WCST factor scores in patients with schizophrenia. Using WCST factor scores may reduce the possibility of type I errors due to multiple comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Banno
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi-ken, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Koide
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi-ken, Japan
| | - Branko Aleksic
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi-ken, Japan
| | - Takashi Okada
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi-ken, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kikuchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi-ken, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Matsuzaki Hospital, Toyohashi, Aichi-ken, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Kohmura
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi-ken, Japan
| | - Yasunori Adachi
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi-ken, Japan
| | - Naoko Kawano
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi-ken, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Iidaka
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi-ken, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi-ken, Japan
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