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Zafeiropoulou K, Kalampounias G, Alexis S, Anastasopoulos D, Symeonidis A, Katsoris P. Autophagy and oxidative stress modulation mediate Bortezomib resistance in prostate cancer. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0289904. [PMID: 38412186 PMCID: PMC10898778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors such as Bortezomib represent an established type of targeted treatment for several types of hematological malignancies, including multiple myeloma, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, and mantle cell lymphoma, based on the cancer cell's susceptibility to impairment of the proteasome-ubiquitin system. However, a major problem limiting their efficacy is the emergence of resistance. Their application to solid tumors is currently being studied, while simultaneously, a wide spectrum of hematological cancers, such as Myelodysplastic Syndromes show minimal or no response to Bortezomib treatment. In this study, we utilize the prostate cancer cell line DU-145 to establish a model of Bortezomib resistance, studying the underlying mechanisms. Evaluating the resulting resistant cell line, we observed restoration of proteasome chymotrypsin-like activity, regardless of drug presence, an induction of pro-survival pathways, and the substitution of the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System role in proteostasis by induction of autophagy. Finally, an estimation of the oxidative condition of the cells indicated that the resistant clones reduce the generation of reactive oxygen species induced by Bortezomib to levels even lower than those induced in non-resistant cells. Our findings highlight the role of autophagy and oxidative stress regulation in Bortezomib resistance and elucidate key proteins of signaling pathways as potential pharmaceutical targets, which could increase the efficiency of proteasome-targeting therapies, thus expanding the group of molecular targets for neoplastic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Zafeiropoulou
- Division of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
- Hematology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School-University Hospital, Patras, Greece
| | - Georgios Kalampounias
- Division of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Spyridon Alexis
- Hematology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School-University Hospital, Patras, Greece
| | - Daniil Anastasopoulos
- Division of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Argiris Symeonidis
- Hematology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School-University Hospital, Patras, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Katsoris
- Division of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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Misian M, Baum E, Bręborowicz A. Secretory activity of the coronary artery endothelial cells in conditions of the peritoneal dialysis. Ren Fail 2022; 44:54-61. [PMID: 35174782 PMCID: PMC8856042 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2021.2023024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Endothelial dysfunction is frequent in patients treated with peritoneal dialysis and may lead to cardiac complications. We evaluated the effect of effluent dialysates and serum on the function of coronary artery endothelial cells (CAEC). Methods Human CAEC in in vitro culture were exposed to serum and dialysates from 24 patients treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and secretion of interleukin-6 (IL6), von Willebrand factor (vWF), tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were measured. Modulation of the secretory activity of CAEC by Sulodexide, mixture of glycosaminoglycans: heparin sulfate and dermatan sulfate, was studied. Results Serum from CAPD patients stimulated synthesis of IL6 (+93%), vWF (+18%), and PAI-1 (+20%) and did not change t-PA secretion in CAEC. Dialysates stimulated secretion of IL6 (+89%), vWF (+29%), and PAI-1 (+31%) and did not change t-PA synthesis. Dialysates collected in 12 patients after 6 months more strongly stimulated synthesis of IL6 (+37%) and PAI-1 (+7%). Sulodexide suppressed the secretory activity of CAEC stimulated by the studied sera: IL6 (–38%), vWF (–19%), t-PA (–13%), and PAI-1 (–12%). Conclusions Serum and the dialysate from CAPD patients induce inflammatory and prothrombotic reaction in coronary arterial endothelial cells. The general pattern of the observed effects for serum and dialysates was similar but the intensity of the effects was not identical. Sulodexide reduced these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Misian
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewa Baum
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Andrzej Bręborowicz
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Sosińska-Zawierucha P, Bręborowicz A. Uremic serum induces prothrombotic changes in venous endothelial cells and inflammatory changes in aortic endothelial cells. Ren Fail 2021; 43:401-405. [PMID: 33641611 PMCID: PMC7928024 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2021.1890617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Uremia induces various pathologic changes in the endothelium. However, there is limited information about the differences of these effects in endothelial cells originating from different parts of the vascular tree. Methods The effect of uremic serum obtained from patients with end stage renal failure on the gene expression and secretory activity of venous endothelial cells (VEC) and aortic endothelial cells (AEC) was studied in in vitro culture. Results In VEC, the expression of genes regulating the synthesis of von Willebrand factor (vWF) was increased by 254% (p<.005), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) synthesis by 150% (p<.001), tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) synthesis by 62% (p<.005), platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule by 89% (p<.005), and the expression of gene regulating interleukin-6 (IL-6) synthesis was reduced. In AEC, the expression of the gene regulating synthesis of IL-6 was increased by 174% (p<.001), and the expression of the other genes was reduced. The secretion of IL-6 was reduced in VEC by 38% (p<.01) and increased in AEC by 55% (p<.005). In VEC, increased synthesis of VEGF 64% (p<.001) vWF (+34%, p<.01), and t-PA (+53%, p<.002) was observed, and in AEC it was reduced. Conclusions VEC and AEC respond in different ways after exposure to uremic serum. VEC acquires the prothrombotic phenotype, whereas in AEC the inflammatory phenotype appears.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrzej Bręborowicz
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Vila Cuenca M, Hordijk PL, Vervloet MG. Most exposed: the endothelium in chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021; 35:1478-1487. [PMID: 31071222 PMCID: PMC7473805 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfz055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that the pathological changes of the endothelium may contribute to the development of cardiovascular complications in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Non-traditional risk factors related to CKD are associated with the incidence of cardiovascular disease, but their role in uraemic endothelial dysfunction has often been disregarded. In this context, soluble α-Klotho and vitamin D are of importance to maintain endothelial integrity, but their concentrations decline in CKD, thereby contributing to the dysfunction of the endothelial lining. These hormonal disturbances are accompanied by an increment of circulating fibroblast growth factor-23 and phosphate, both exacerbating endothelial toxicities. Furthermore, impaired renal function leads to an increment of inflammatory mediators, reactive oxygen species and uraemic toxins that further aggravate the endothelial abnormalities and in turn also inhibit the regeneration of disrupted endothelial lining. Here, we highlight the distinct endothelial alterations mediated by the abovementioned non-traditional risk factors as demonstrated in experimental studies and connect these to pathological changes in CKD patients, which are driven by endothelial disturbances, other than atherosclerosis. In addition, we describe therapeutic strategies that may promote restoration of endothelial abnormalities by modulating imbalanced mineral homoeostasis and attenuate the impact of uraemic retention molecules, inflammatory mediators and reactive oxygen species. A clinical perspective on endothelial dysfunction in CKD may translate into reduced structural and functional abnormalities of the vessel wall in CKD, and ultimately improved cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Vila Cuenca
- Department of Nephrology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter L Hordijk
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc G Vervloet
- Department of Nephrology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Jerotic D, Suvakov S, Matic M, Alqudah A, Grieve DJ, Pljesa-Ercegovac M, Savic-Radojevic A, Damjanovic T, Dimkovic N, McClements L, Simic T. GSTM1 Modulates Expression of Endothelial Adhesion Molecules in Uremic Milieu. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6678924. [PMID: 33574979 PMCID: PMC7860968 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6678924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Deletion polymorphism of glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1), a phase II detoxification and antioxidant enzyme, increases susceptibility to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) as well as the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among ESRD patients and leads to their shorter cardiovascular survival. The mechanisms by which GSTM1 downregulation contributes to oxidative stress and inflammation in endothelial cells in uremic conditions have not been investigated so far. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to elucidate the effects of GSTM1 knockdown on oxidative stress and expression of a panel of inflammatory markers in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to uremic serum. Additionally, we aimed to discern whether GSTM1-null genotype is associated with serum levels of adhesion molecules in ESRD patients. HUVECs treated with uremic serum exhibited impaired redox balance characterized by enhanced lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant enzyme activities, independently of the GSTM1 knockdown. In response to uremic injury, HUVECs exhibited alteration in the expression of a series of inflammatory cytokines including retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), C-reactive protein (CRP), angiogenin, dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1), and platelet factor 4 (PF4). GSTM1 knockdown in HUVECs showed upregulation of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), a cytokine involved in the regulation of monocyte migration and adhesion. These cells also have shown upregulated intracellular and vascular cell adhesion molecules (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1). In accordance with these findings, the levels of serum ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 (sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1) were increased in ESRD patients lacking GSTM1, in comparison with patients with the GSTM1-active genotype. Based on these results, it may be concluded that incubation of endothelial cells in uremic serum induces redox imbalance accompanied with altered expression of a series of cytokines involved in arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis. The association of GSTM1 downregulation with the altered expression of adhesion molecules might be at least partly responsible for the increased susceptibility of ESRD patients to CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djurdja Jerotic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sonja Suvakov
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Marija Matic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Abdelrahim Alqudah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127 Zarqa 13133, Jordan
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - David J. Grieve
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Marija Pljesa-Ercegovac
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Savic-Radojevic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Damjanovic
- Clinical Department for Renal Diseases, Zvezdara University Medical Center, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nada Dimkovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinical Department for Renal Diseases, Zvezdara University Medical Center, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lana McClements
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, 2007, NSW, Australia
| | - Tatjana Simic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Role of Uremic Toxins in Early Vascular Ageing and Calcification. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13010026. [PMID: 33401534 PMCID: PMC7824162 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD), the accumulation of uremic toxins, caused by a combination of decreased excretion secondary to reduced kidney function and increased generation secondary to aberrant expression of metabolite genes, interferes with different biological functions of cells and organs, contributing to a state of chronic inflammation and other adverse biologic effects that may cause tissue damage. Several uremic toxins have been implicated in severe vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) changes and other alterations leading to vascular calcification (VC) and early vascular ageing (EVA). The above mentioned are predominant clinical features of patients with CKD, contributing to their exceptionally high cardiovascular mortality. Herein, we present an update on pathophysiological processes and mediators underlying VC and EVA induced by uremic toxins. Moreover, we discuss their clinical impact, and possible therapeutic targets aiming at preventing or ameliorating the harmful effects of uremic toxins on the vasculature.
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Six I, Flissi N, Lenglet G, Louvet L, Kamel S, Gallet M, Massy ZA, Liabeuf S. Uremic Toxins and Vascular Dysfunction. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12060404. [PMID: 32570781 PMCID: PMC7354618 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12060404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular dysfunction is an essential element found in many cardiovascular pathologies and in pathologies that have a cardiovascular impact such as chronic kidney disease (CKD). Alteration of vasomotricity is due to an imbalance between the production of relaxing and contracting factors. In addition to becoming a determining factor in pathophysiological alterations, vascular dysfunction constitutes the first step in the development of atherosclerosis plaques or vascular calcifications. In patients with CKD, alteration of vasomotricity tends to emerge as being a new, less conventional, risk factor. CKD is characterized by the accumulation of uremic toxins (UTs) such as phosphate, para-cresyl sulfate, indoxyl sulfate, and FGF23 and, consequently, the deleterious role of UTs on vascular dysfunction has been explored. This accumulation of UTs is associated with systemic alterations including inflammation, oxidative stress, and the decrease of nitric oxide production. The present review proposes to summarize our current knowledge of the mechanisms by which UTs induce vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Six
- UR 7517 UPJV, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences of Cardiovascular Calcifications (MP3CV), Picardie Jules Verne University, 80025 Amiens, France; (N.F.); (G.L.); (L.L.); (S.K.); (M.G.); (S.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +03-22-82-54-25
| | - Nadia Flissi
- UR 7517 UPJV, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences of Cardiovascular Calcifications (MP3CV), Picardie Jules Verne University, 80025 Amiens, France; (N.F.); (G.L.); (L.L.); (S.K.); (M.G.); (S.L.)
| | - Gaëlle Lenglet
- UR 7517 UPJV, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences of Cardiovascular Calcifications (MP3CV), Picardie Jules Verne University, 80025 Amiens, France; (N.F.); (G.L.); (L.L.); (S.K.); (M.G.); (S.L.)
| | - Loïc Louvet
- UR 7517 UPJV, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences of Cardiovascular Calcifications (MP3CV), Picardie Jules Verne University, 80025 Amiens, France; (N.F.); (G.L.); (L.L.); (S.K.); (M.G.); (S.L.)
| | - Said Kamel
- UR 7517 UPJV, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences of Cardiovascular Calcifications (MP3CV), Picardie Jules Verne University, 80025 Amiens, France; (N.F.); (G.L.); (L.L.); (S.K.); (M.G.); (S.L.)
- Amiens-Picardie University Hospital, Human Biology Center, 80054 Amiens, France
| | - Marlène Gallet
- UR 7517 UPJV, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences of Cardiovascular Calcifications (MP3CV), Picardie Jules Verne University, 80025 Amiens, France; (N.F.); (G.L.); (L.L.); (S.K.); (M.G.); (S.L.)
| | - Ziad A. Massy
- Service de Néphrologie et Dialyse, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Hôpital Universitaire Ambroise Paré, 92100 Boulogne Billancourt, France;
- INSERM U1018, Equipe 5, CESP (Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Populations), Université Paris Saclay et Université Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Sophie Liabeuf
- UR 7517 UPJV, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences of Cardiovascular Calcifications (MP3CV), Picardie Jules Verne University, 80025 Amiens, France; (N.F.); (G.L.); (L.L.); (S.K.); (M.G.); (S.L.)
- Pharmacology Department, Amiens University Hospital, 80025 Amiens, France
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Uremic Serum Induces Inflammation in Cultured Human Endothelial Cells and Triggers Vascular Repair Mechanisms. Inflammation 2020; 42:2003-2010. [PMID: 31312972 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01061-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are common in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients whose vascular endothelium is in direct contact with the uremic toxins found in the blood. These toxins are believed to affect vascular injury and repair process, which is impaired in ESRD patients. The exact mechanisms behind these interactions are not clear. So, we wanted to investigate what happens at the molecular level of endothelial cells when exposed to uremic serum from ESRD patients with diabetes and/or hypertension and its effect on the expression of molecules associated with vascular injury and repair. Cultured human endothelial cells (ECV304) were incubated in the presence of normal or uremic sera from ESRD patients with diabetes and/or hypertension. The expressions of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) were investigated in endothelial cells (ECV304) by real-time PCR and ELISA. The expression of MCP-1, VEGF, and SDF-1 was elevated in endothelial cells upon exposure to uremic sera from ESRD patients with diabetes and/or hypertension when compared with cells treated with healthy serum. MCP-1 expression in endothelial cells treated with uremic serum from ESRD patients with hypertension only was significantly increased compared with its expression in other cohorts. Exposure of endothelial cells to uremic serum causes endothelial injury and inflammation characterized by an increase in MCP-1 expression. This injury activates the initiation of vascular repair process in these cells by increasing the expression of VEGF and SDF-1. These molecules can be important biomarkers of chronic kidney disease-associated CVD.
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Vila Cuenca M, van Bezu J, Beelen RHJ, Vervloet MG, Hordijk PL. Stabilization of cell-cell junctions by active vitamin D ameliorates uraemia-induced loss of human endothelial barrier function. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2020; 34:252-264. [PMID: 29718431 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfy111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Uraemia induces endothelial cell (EC) injury and impaired repair capacity, for which the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Active vitamin D (VD) may promote endothelial repair, however, the mechanism that mediates the effects of VD in chronic kidney disease are poorly understood. Thus, we investigated uraemia-induced endothelial damage and the protection against such damage by active VD. Methods We applied electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) to study real-time responses of human ECs exposed to pooled uraemic and non-uraemic plasma with or without the addition of active VD. The effects of indoxyl sulphate and p-cresol were tested in non-uraemic plasma. Structural changes for vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin and F-actin were assessed by immunostaining and quantified. Results The exposure of ECs to uraemic media significantly decreased endothelial barrier function after 24 h. Cell migration after electrical wounding and recovery of the barrier after thrombin-induced loss of integrity were significantly impaired in uraemic-medium stimulated cells and cells exposed to indoxyl sulphate and p-cresol. This effect on ECIS was dependent on loss of cell-cell interaction. Mechanistically, we found that EC, exposed to uraemic media, displayed disrupted VE-cadherin interactions and F-actin reorganization. VD supplementation rescued both endothelial barrier function and cell-cell interactions in ECs exposed to uraemic media. These events were associated with an increment of VE-cadherin at intercellular junctions. Conclusions Our data demonstrate a potentially clinically relevant mechanism for uraemia-induced endothelial damage. Furthermore, active VD rescued the uraemic medium-induced loss of cell-cell adhesion, revealing a novel role of active VD in preservation of endothelial integrity during uraemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Vila Cuenca
- Department of Nephrology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan van Bezu
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob H J Beelen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc G Vervloet
- Department of Nephrology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter L Hordijk
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Citrate anion improves chronic dialysis efficacy, reduces systemic inflammation and prevents Chemerin-mediated microvascular injury. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10622. [PMID: 31337804 PMCID: PMC6650610 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47040-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic inflammation and uremic toxins (UT) determine the increased cardiovascular mortality observed in chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients. Among UT, the adipokine Chemerin induces vascular dysfunction by targeting both endothelial and vascular smooth muscular cells (EC and VSMC). As Citrate anion modulates oxidative metabolism, systemic inflammation and vascular function, we evaluated whether citrate-buffered dialysis improves HD efficiency, inflammatory parameters and chemerin-mediated microvascular injury. 45 patients were treated in sequence with acetate, citrate and, again, acetate-buffered dialysis solution (3 months per interval). At study admission and after each treatment switch, we evaluated dialysis efficacy and circulating levels of chemerin and different inflammatory biomarkers. In vitro, we stimulated EC and VSMC with patients’ plasma and we investigated the role of chemerin as UT. Citrate dialysis increased HD efficacy and reduced plasma levels of CRP, fibrinogen, IL6 and chemerin. In vitro, patients’ plasma induced EC and VSMC dysfunction. These effects were reduced by citrate-buffered solutions and paralleled by the decrease of chemerin levels. Consistently, chemerin receptor knockdown reduced EC and VSMC dysfunction. In conclusion, Switching from acetate to citrate improved dialysis efficacy and inflammatory parameters; in vitro, chemerin-induced EC and VSMC injury were decreased by using citrate as dialysis buffer.
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Soman S, Dai W, Dong L, Hitchner E, Lee K, Baughman BD, Holdsworth SJ, Massaband P, Bhat JV, Moseley ME, Rosen A, Zhou W, Zaharchuk G. Identifying cardiovascular risk factors that impact cerebrovascular reactivity: An ASL MRI study. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 51:734-747. [PMID: 31294898 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To maintain cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood vessels dilate and contract in response to blood supply through cerebrovascular reactivity (CR). PURPOSE Cardiovascular (CV) disease is associated with increased stroke risk, but which risk factors specifically impact CR is unknown. STUDY TYPE Prospective longitudinal. SUBJECTS Fifty-three subjects undergoing carotid endarterectomy or stenting. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3T, 3D pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (PCASL) ASL, and T1 3D fast spoiled gradient echo (FSPGR). ASSESSMENT We evaluated group differences in CBF changes for multiple cardiovascular risk factors in patients undergoing carotid revascularization surgery. STATISTICAL TESTS PRE (baseline), POST (48-hour postop), and 6MO (6 months postop) whole-brain CBF measurements, as 129 CBF maps from 53 subjects were modeled as within-subject analysis of variance (ANOVA). To identify CV risk factors associated with CBF change, the CBF change from PRE to POST, POST to 6MO, and PRE to 6MO were modeled as multiple linear regression with each CV risk factor as an independent variable. Statistical models were performed controlling for age on a voxel-by-voxel basis using SPM8. Significant clusters were reported if familywise error (FWE)-corrected cluster-level was P < 0.05, while the voxel-level significance threshold was set for P < 0.001. RESULTS The entire group showed significant (cluster-level P < 0.001) CBF increase from PRE to POST, decrease from POST to 6MO, and no significant difference (all voxels with P > 0.001) from PRE to 6MO. Of multiple CV risk factors evaluated, only elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP, P = 0.001), chronic renal insufficiency (CRI, P = 0.026), and history of prior stroke (CVA, P < 0.001) predicted lower increases in CBF PRE to POST. Over POST to 6MO, obesity predicted lower (P > 0.001) and cholesterol greater CBF decrease (P > 0.001). DATA CONCLUSION The CV risk factors of higher SBP, CRI, CVA, BMI, and cholesterol may indicate altered CR, and may warrant different stroke risk mitigation and special consideration for CBF change evaluation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 5 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:734-747.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salil Soman
- The Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Weiying Dai
- Department of Computer Science, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - Lucy Dong
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth Hitchner
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Los Altos Hills, California, USA
| | - Kyuwon Lee
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brittanie D Baughman
- Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto VAHCS, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Samantha J Holdsworth
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Medical Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Payam Massaband
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Jyoti V Bhat
- Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto VAHCS, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Michael E Moseley
- Stanford University, Department of Radiology, Lucas Center for MR Spectroscopy and Imaging, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Allyson Rosen
- Department of Behavioral Science and Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Greg Zaharchuk
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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12
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Zhao D, Shao H. Effect of blood purification on serum miR-126 and VEGF levels in the process of atherosclerosis in uremic patients under maintenance hemodialysis. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2018; 34:447-455. [PMID: 30041762 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to study the influence of different blood purification approaches on the expression of miR-126 and VEGF serum levels in the development of atherosclerosis in uremic patients under maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). A total of 207 MHD patients with uremia were divided into HD (hemodialysis, n = 60), HDF (hemodiafiltration, n = 72), and HD + HP (hemodialysis + hemoperfusion, n = 75) groups based on different purification approaches. Eighty individuals who underwent physical examinations during the same period constituted the healthy controls. The serum levels of miR-126 and VEGF were examined by qRT-PCR and ELISA both before and after treatment, and the intima media thickness (IMT) value and plaque area were evaluated by color Doppler ultrasound. The serum miR-126 level was down-regulated in MHD patients compared with healthy controls, and this was negatively linked to VEGF. The post-treatment expression level of serum miR-126 in the HDF and HD + HP groups was remarkably increased, but VEGF was decreased in MHD patients, and especially significantly in the HDF group. In addition, IMT and plaque area were obviously improved in the HD group after treatment. Pearson correlation analysis showed a negative correlation of miR-126 with IMT and plaque area, but a positive association between VEGF and IMT and plaque area. miR-126 and VEGF are expected to become a valuable biomarker for monitoring the progression of atherosclerosis in uremic patients undergoing MHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Hong Shao
- Department of Nephrology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China.
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13
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Auriel E, Kliper E, Shenhar-Tsarfaty S, Molad J, Berliner S, Shapira I, Ben-Bashat D, Shopin L, Tene O, Rosenberg GA, Bornstein NM, Ben Assayag E. Impaired renal function is associated with brain atrophy and poststroke cognitive decline. Neurology 2016; 86:1996-2005. [PMID: 27164678 PMCID: PMC10687612 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000002699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the interrelationship among impaired renal function, brain pathology on imaging, and cognitive decline in a longitudinal poststroke cohort. METHODS The Tel Aviv Brain Acute Stroke Cohort study is a prospective cohort of mild-moderate ischemic stroke/TIA survivors without dementia who underwent a 3T MRI and were cognitively assessed at admission and for 24 months following stroke. Renal function was evaluated at admission by creatinine clearance (CCl) estimation. The volumes of ischemic lesions and preexisting white matter hyperintensities (WMH), brain atrophy, and microstructural changes of the normal-appearing white matter tissue were measured using previously validated methods. RESULTS Baseline data were available for 431 participants. Participants with a CCl <60 mL/min at baseline performed significantly worse in all cognitive tests over time (p = 0.001) than those with a CCl ≥60 mL/min and had larger WMH volume and cortical atrophy and smaller hippocampal volume (all p < 0.001). After 2 years, 15.5% of the participants were diagnosed with cognitive impairment. Multiple logistic regression analysis, controlling for traditional risk factors, suggested CCl <60 mL/min at baseline as a significant predictor for the development of cognitive impairment 2 years after the index stroke (odds ratio 2.01 [95% confidence interval 1.03-3.92], p = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS Impaired renal function is associated with increased WMH volume and cortical atrophy, known biomarkers of the aging brain, and is a predictor for cognitive decline 2 years after stroke/TIA. Decreased renal function may be associated with cerebral small vessel disease underlying poststroke cognitive decline, suggesting a new target for early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eitan Auriel
- From the Department of Neurology (E.A., E.K., S.S.-T., J.M., S.B., I.S., L.S., O.T., N.M.B., E.B.A.) and Functional Brain Center (D.B.-B.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center; Sackler Faculty of Medicine (E.A., E.K., S.B., I.S., D.B.-B., N.M.B.), Tel Aviv University, Israel; and Department of Neurology (G.A.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque.
| | - Efrat Kliper
- From the Department of Neurology (E.A., E.K., S.S.-T., J.M., S.B., I.S., L.S., O.T., N.M.B., E.B.A.) and Functional Brain Center (D.B.-B.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center; Sackler Faculty of Medicine (E.A., E.K., S.B., I.S., D.B.-B., N.M.B.), Tel Aviv University, Israel; and Department of Neurology (G.A.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque
| | - Shani Shenhar-Tsarfaty
- From the Department of Neurology (E.A., E.K., S.S.-T., J.M., S.B., I.S., L.S., O.T., N.M.B., E.B.A.) and Functional Brain Center (D.B.-B.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center; Sackler Faculty of Medicine (E.A., E.K., S.B., I.S., D.B.-B., N.M.B.), Tel Aviv University, Israel; and Department of Neurology (G.A.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque
| | - Jeremy Molad
- From the Department of Neurology (E.A., E.K., S.S.-T., J.M., S.B., I.S., L.S., O.T., N.M.B., E.B.A.) and Functional Brain Center (D.B.-B.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center; Sackler Faculty of Medicine (E.A., E.K., S.B., I.S., D.B.-B., N.M.B.), Tel Aviv University, Israel; and Department of Neurology (G.A.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque
| | - Shlomo Berliner
- From the Department of Neurology (E.A., E.K., S.S.-T., J.M., S.B., I.S., L.S., O.T., N.M.B., E.B.A.) and Functional Brain Center (D.B.-B.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center; Sackler Faculty of Medicine (E.A., E.K., S.B., I.S., D.B.-B., N.M.B.), Tel Aviv University, Israel; and Department of Neurology (G.A.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque
| | - Itzhak Shapira
- From the Department of Neurology (E.A., E.K., S.S.-T., J.M., S.B., I.S., L.S., O.T., N.M.B., E.B.A.) and Functional Brain Center (D.B.-B.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center; Sackler Faculty of Medicine (E.A., E.K., S.B., I.S., D.B.-B., N.M.B.), Tel Aviv University, Israel; and Department of Neurology (G.A.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque
| | - Dafna Ben-Bashat
- From the Department of Neurology (E.A., E.K., S.S.-T., J.M., S.B., I.S., L.S., O.T., N.M.B., E.B.A.) and Functional Brain Center (D.B.-B.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center; Sackler Faculty of Medicine (E.A., E.K., S.B., I.S., D.B.-B., N.M.B.), Tel Aviv University, Israel; and Department of Neurology (G.A.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque
| | - Ludmila Shopin
- From the Department of Neurology (E.A., E.K., S.S.-T., J.M., S.B., I.S., L.S., O.T., N.M.B., E.B.A.) and Functional Brain Center (D.B.-B.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center; Sackler Faculty of Medicine (E.A., E.K., S.B., I.S., D.B.-B., N.M.B.), Tel Aviv University, Israel; and Department of Neurology (G.A.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque
| | - Oren Tene
- From the Department of Neurology (E.A., E.K., S.S.-T., J.M., S.B., I.S., L.S., O.T., N.M.B., E.B.A.) and Functional Brain Center (D.B.-B.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center; Sackler Faculty of Medicine (E.A., E.K., S.B., I.S., D.B.-B., N.M.B.), Tel Aviv University, Israel; and Department of Neurology (G.A.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque
| | - Gary A Rosenberg
- From the Department of Neurology (E.A., E.K., S.S.-T., J.M., S.B., I.S., L.S., O.T., N.M.B., E.B.A.) and Functional Brain Center (D.B.-B.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center; Sackler Faculty of Medicine (E.A., E.K., S.B., I.S., D.B.-B., N.M.B.), Tel Aviv University, Israel; and Department of Neurology (G.A.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque
| | - Natan M Bornstein
- From the Department of Neurology (E.A., E.K., S.S.-T., J.M., S.B., I.S., L.S., O.T., N.M.B., E.B.A.) and Functional Brain Center (D.B.-B.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center; Sackler Faculty of Medicine (E.A., E.K., S.B., I.S., D.B.-B., N.M.B.), Tel Aviv University, Israel; and Department of Neurology (G.A.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque
| | - Einor Ben Assayag
- From the Department of Neurology (E.A., E.K., S.S.-T., J.M., S.B., I.S., L.S., O.T., N.M.B., E.B.A.) and Functional Brain Center (D.B.-B.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center; Sackler Faculty of Medicine (E.A., E.K., S.B., I.S., D.B.-B., N.M.B.), Tel Aviv University, Israel; and Department of Neurology (G.A.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque
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14
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Dong C, Wang Y, Wang Z, Wang Y, Wu S, Du Q, Wang A. Damage Control Orthopedics Management as Vital Procedure in Elderly Patients with Femoral Neck Fractures Complicated with Chronic Renal Failure: A Retrospective Cohort Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154906. [PMID: 27149117 PMCID: PMC4858305 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic renal failure (CRF) predisposes to hip fractures in elderly patients, with high subsequent mortality. Selection and timing of the surgical procedure of such patients is a serious challenge. Many clinicians believe in earlier surgery as preferable and providing better outcomes. Damage control orthopedics (DCO) aids to adjust and optimize the overall condition of patients. Methods In 32 patients with femoral neck fractures complicated with CRF, we evaluated how the timing of the surgery determines the mortality rates if the DCO approach is applied. Preoperative ASA grading, POSSUM score, P-POSSUM score and DCO were carried out. Based on the assessment, timing of the surgery was ascertained. Results Of a total of 32 patients, twenty-nine patients were accepted for either early (< 48 hours; n = 18) or delayed (3–10 days; n = 10) surgery. Hip arthroplasty (total hip arthroplasty and hemiarthroplasty) was the principal surgery option. All patients survived operation and were followed up postoperatively with the average time of 30 days. Postoperative complications tended to occur at higher rates in the early vs. delayed surgery group (7/18 vs. 5/10). During follow up, a total of 3 patients died in both groups (2/18 in the early surgery and 1/10 in the delayed surgery group), mostly from multi-organ failures and acute respiratory distress syndrome. There was no significant difference in complication rates and Harris hip score between both groups. Conclusion In patients with femoral neck fracture complicated with CRF, delaying the surgery for several days does not increase the incidence of postoperative adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhui Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yunjiao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Ziming Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Siyu Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Quanyin Du
- Department of Orthopedics, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Aimin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
- * E-mail:
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15
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Lu LC, Yang CW, Hsieh WY, Chuang WH, Lin YC, Lin CS. Decreases in plasma MMP-2/TIMP-2 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratios in uremic patients during hemodialysis. Clin Exp Nephrol 2015; 20:934-942. [PMID: 26711243 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-015-1221-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their endogenous tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) play important roles in the pathophysiology of renal diseases. Imbalanced MMPs/TIMPs are implicated in the vascular alterations of uremic patients on hemodialysis (HD). We have investigated the plasma levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 in uremic patients and the effects of a course of HD on the changes in these factors. METHODS There were 382 uremic patients on regular HD treatment and 50 healthy controls enrolled in this study. The plasma MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels were detected by gelatin zymography, and TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 concentrations were determined by ELISA assay. RESULTS Significantly higher plasma MMP-2 and MMP-9 and decreased TIMP-1 in the uremic patients were detected compared with those in the controls. Therefore, there were markedly higher MMP-2/TIMP-2 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratios in the uremic patients. In the course of a single HD session, the plasma MMP-2 level was significantly decreased from pre-HD to post-HD. TIMP-1 concentration was significantly increased from pre-HD to post-HD. Although the HD session did not have a significant effect on the levels of plasma MMP-9 and TIMP-2, both plasma MMP-2/TIMP-2 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratios were significantly decreased from pre-HD to post-HD levels. CONCLUSION HD session could decrease MMP-2 and increase TIMP-1 level in the circulation of uremic patients. The physiological significance of reduced MMPs/TIMPs ratio due to a single HD session is required to further validate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Che Lu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, No. 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Wei Yang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, No. 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yeh Hsieh
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Hsuan Chuang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, No. 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chang Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, No. 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sheng Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, No. 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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16
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García-Jérez A, Luengo A, Carracedo J, Ramírez-Chamond R, Rodriguez-Puyol D, Rodriguez-Puyol M, Calleros L. Effect of uraemia on endothelial cell damage is mediated by the integrin linked kinase pathway. J Physiol 2014; 593:601-18; discussion 618. [PMID: 25398526 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.283887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Patients with chronic kidney disease have a higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases than the general population. Their vascular endothelium is dysfunctional, among other things, because it is permanently exposed to uraemic toxins, several of which have poor clearance by conventional dialysis. Recent studies have demonstrated the important role of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) in the maintenance of endothelial integrity and in this study we investigate the involvement of ILK in the mechanism underlying vascular endothelial damage that occurs in uraemia. For the first time, we demonstrate the implication of ILK in the protection against endothelial cell damage (inhibition of proliferation, toxicity, oxidative stress and programed cell death) induced by uraemic serum from chronic kidney disease patients and uraemic toxins. This molecular mechanism may have clinical relevance because it highlights the importance of maintaining high levels of ILK activity to help preserve endothelial integrity, at least in early stages of chronic kidney disease. ABSTRACT Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Their vascular endothelium is dysfunctional, among other things, because it is permanently exposed to uraemic toxins, several of which, mostly protein-bound compounds such as indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresyl sulphate, having poor clearance by conventional dialysis, induce endothelial toxicity. However, the molecular mechanism by which uraemic toxins regulate early stages of endothelial dysfunction remains unclear. Recent studies have demonstrated the important role of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) in the maintenance of endothelial integrity. In this study, we investigate the involvement of ILK in the mechanism underlying vascular endothelial damage that occurs in uraemia. First, we show that incubation of EA.hy926 cells with human uraemic serum from CKD patients upregulates ILK activity. This ILK activation also occurs when the cells are exposed to IS (25-100 μg ml(-1)), p-cresol (10-100 μg ml(-1)) or both combined, compared to human serum control. Next, we observed that high doses of both toxins together induce a slight decrease in cell proliferation and increase apoptosis and reactive oxygen species production. Interestingly, these toxic effects displayed a strong increase when the ILK protein is knocked down by small interfering RNA, even at low doses of uraemic toxins. Abrogation of AKT has demonstrated the ILK/AKT signalling pathway involved in these processes. This study has demonstrated the implication of ILK in the protection against endothelial cell damage induced by uraemic toxins, a molecular mechanism that could play a protective role in the early stages of endothelial dysfunction observed in uraemic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea García-Jérez
- Department of Systems Biology, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; IRSIN, Spain; REDinREN (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain
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17
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Sokołowska M, Kostański M, Lorenc-Koci E, Bilska A, Iciek M, Włodek L. The effect of lipoic acid on cyanate toxicity in the rat heart. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 66:87-92. [PMID: 24905312 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyanate is a uremic toxin formed principally via spontaneous urea biodegradation. Its active isoform, isocyanate, is capable of reaction with proteins by N and S carbamoylation, which influences their structure and function. Sulfurtransferases implicated in anaerobic cysteine transformation and cyanide detoxification belong to the enzymes possessing SH groups in their active centers. The present studies aimed to demonstrate the effect of cyanate and lipoic acid on the activity of these enzymes as well as on the level of antioxidants and prooxidants in the rat heart. METHODS Wistar rats, which received intraperitoneal injections of cyanate and lipoic acid alone and in combination were sacrificed 2.5 h after the first injection. The hearts were isolated and homogenized in phosphate buffer and next biochemical assays were performed comprising determination of the level of glutathione, malondialdehyde and sulfane sulfur and the activity of antioxidant enzymes as well as glutathione S-transferase and gamma glutamyl transferase. RESULTS Sulfurtransferases and glutathione S-transferase were deactivated by cyanate treatment. It was accompanied by the decreased level of glutathione and sulfane sulfur and the increased level of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde. In parallel, antioxidant enzymes: catalase, glutathione peroxidase and gamma glutamyl transferase were activated under such circumstances. Lipoic acid, administered in combination with cyanate prevented the decrease in the level of glutathione and reduction of a pool of sulfane sulfur-containing compounds, concomitantly preserving the activity of antioxidant enzymes. CONCLUSIONS Since uremia, characterized by the elevated cyanate/isocyanate level, is accompanied by frequent cases of cardiovascular diseases, the addition of lipoic acid to the therapy seems promising in prophylaxis of heart diseases in uremic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sokołowska
- The Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Maciej Kostański
- The Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Lorenc-Koci
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Bilska
- The Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Iciek
- The Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Kraków, Poland
| | - Lidia Włodek
- The Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Kraków, Poland
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18
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Oleśkowska-Florek W, Połubinska A, Baum E, Matecka M, Pyda M, Pawlaczyk K, Bręborowicz A. Hemodialysis-induced changes in the blood composition affect function of the endothelium. Hemodial Int 2014; 18:650-6. [DOI: 10.1111/hdi.12148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alicja Połubinska
- Department of Pathophysiology; Poznan University of Medical Sciences; Poznan Poland
| | - Ewa Baum
- Department of Pathophysiology; Poznan University of Medical Sciences; Poznan Poland
| | - Monika Matecka
- Department of Pathophysiology; Poznan University of Medical Sciences; Poznan Poland
| | - Małgorzata Pyda
- Department of Pathophysiology; Poznan University of Medical Sciences; Poznan Poland
| | - Krzysztof Pawlaczyk
- Department of Pathophysiology; Poznan University of Medical Sciences; Poznan Poland
| | - Andrzej Bręborowicz
- Department of Pathophysiology; Poznan University of Medical Sciences; Poznan Poland
- Higher Vocational State School; Kalisz Poland
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19
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Wang JM, Zhou JJ, Zheng Q, Gan H, Wang H. Dialysis Method Alters the Expression of MicroRNA-33a and Its Target Genes ABCA1, ABCG1 in THP-1 Macrophages. Ther Apher Dial 2014; 18:44-50. [PMID: 24499083 DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Min Wang
- Department of Nephrology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; ChongQing China
| | - Jia-Jun Zhou
- Department of Nephrology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; ChongQing China
| | - Qian Zheng
- Department of Nephrology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; ChongQing China
| | - Hua Gan
- Department of Nephrology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; ChongQing China
| | - Hang Wang
- Department of Endocrine; The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; ChongQing China
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20
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Chennasamudram SP, Noor T, Vasylyeva TL. COMPARISON OF SEVELAMER AND CALCIUM CARBONATE ON ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION AND INFLAMMATION IN PATIENTS ON PERITONEAL DIALYSIS. J Ren Care 2013; 39:82-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-6686.2013.12009.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudha P. Chennasamudram
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine; Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center; Amarillo; Texas; USA
| | - Tanjila Noor
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine; Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center; Amarillo; Texas; USA
| | - Tetyana L. Vasylyeva
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine; Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center; Amarillo; Texas; USA
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