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Fathizadeh H, Alirezaie Z, Saeed F, Saeed B, Gharibi Z, Biojmajd AR. Prevalence of needle stick and its related factors in Iranian health worker: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. J Glob Health 2023; 13:04104. [PMID: 37781996 PMCID: PMC10543000 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.13.04104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at risk of acquiring blood-borne infections such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and human immunodeficiency virus through needlestick injuries (NSIs). We aimed to investigate the prevalence of needlestick injuries and other related indicators among HCWs in Iran through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods We searched various databases until the end of May 2023 for studies reporting the prevalence of NSIs among healthcare workers in Iran. We used a random model with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to analyse the data and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool to evaluate the quality of included studies. We conducted and reported the study according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Results We included 87 studies in the analysis and found that 47% (95% CI = 42-52, I2 = 98.9%) of Iranian HCWs experienced NSI. NSIs were most frequently related to syringe needles (58%; 95% CI = 52-65, I2 = 96.8%) and most often caused by recapping (30%; 95% CI = 22-38, I2 = 98.5%). In this study, 56% (95% CI = 45-67, I2 = 98.6%) of HCWs with NSIs did not report their injury. Moreover, the prevalence of NSIs the highest in the morning shift (0.44; 95% CI = 0.36-0.53, I2 = 97.2%), emergency unit (0.20; 95% CI = 0.16-0.24, I2 = 93.7%), and intensive care unit (0.20; 95% CI = 0.16-0.24, I2 = 94.3%). Conclusions To reduce the high prevalence of NSIs, HCWs, especially those in emergency departments, should use safety equipment. Healthcare managers should provide a calm and stress-free environment for HCWs, educate them on safety principles and standards, and support experienced HCWs with NSIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Fathizadeh
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran
| | - Zahra Alirezaie
- BS in Nursing, Baft Khatam Ol-Anbia Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Saeed
- Student Research Committee, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran
| | - Bita Saeed
- Student Research Committee, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran
| | - Zahra Gharibi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Abdol R Biojmajd
- Student Research Committee, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran
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Mubarak S, Al Ghawrie H, Ammar K, Abuwardeh R. Needlestick and sharps injuries among healthcare workers in an oncology setting: a retrospective 7-year cross-sectional study. J Int Med Res 2023; 51:3000605231206304. [PMID: 37871623 PMCID: PMC10683567 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231206304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of needlestick and sharps injuries (NSSIs) and associated factors among healthcare workers (HCWs) at King Hussein Cancer Centre (KHCC), Amman, Jordan. METHODS This retrospective cross-sectional study undertook a chart review of all HCWs that reported an NSSI between January 2015 and December 2021. Data collected included sociodemographic factors including age, sex, qualifications, and predictors of NSSIs such as working hours, work shift, and specific job roles within the oncology setting, work experience in KHCC, overall work experience and occupational category. RESULTS A total of 355 NSSIs were included in this study with a peak prevalence in 2019 (81 of 355; 22.8%). Nurses (220 of 355; 62.0%), housekeeping staff (59of 355; 16.6%) and physicians (45 of 355; 12.7%) were the most affected occupations. NSSIs were most common in the surgical floor (65 of 355; 18.3%) and operating rooms (56 of 355; 15.8%). Blood collection (94 of 355; 26.5%) and waste collection (65 of 355; 18.3%) were the two primary procedures resulting in NSSIs. The risk of injury was significantly associated with the locations of NSSIs, procedure that caused NSSIs, shift and overall experience. CONCLUSION NSSIs remain common among HCWs, which highlights the need for targeted education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan Mubarak
- Infection Control Programme, King Hussein Cancer Centre, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hadeel Al Ghawrie
- Infection Control Programme, King Hussein Cancer Centre, Amman, Jordan
| | - Khawlah Ammar
- Office of Scientific Affairs and Research, King Hussein Cancer Centre, Amman, Jordan
| | - Razan Abuwardeh
- Infection Control Programme, King Hussein Cancer Centre, Amman, Jordan
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Ravi A, Shetty PK, Singh P, Wakode D, Modica SF, Kodaganallur Pitchumani P, Thomas DC. Needlestick injuries in dentistry: Time to revisit. J Am Dent Assoc 2023; 154:783-794. [PMID: 37530693 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood-borne pathogens (BBPs) are infectious microorganisms that are found in human blood and can cause diseases in humans. Health care workers such as physicians, surgeons, nurses, dentists, dental students, dental assistants, laboratory technicians, personnel handling infectious waste, and other health care employees are at increased risk of exposure to these pathogens. Percutaneous injuries from needles or other sharp objects are the major sources of BBPs in the workplace. Needlestick injuries (NSIs) have the most potential to transmit and have the easiest mode of transmission of BBPs. TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED The authors searched electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, Embase, MEDLINE-Ovid) for studies and articles focused on the various aspects of NSIs, their possible causes, prevention, and management protocols. RESULTS There is a lack of literature on the global prevalence of NSIs among dental practitioners and underreporting of NSIs by clinicians. The authors also found that dental students and inexperienced practitioners were the most vulnerable. They found apparent inconsistencies in guidelines and recommendations from various regulatory and statutory agencies in charge of limiting and managing NSIs. CONCLUSION The most significant occupational risks for health care workers globally are NSIs. Dentists are recognized as one of the high-risk groups for exposure to NSIs. Although the reporting rate was noticeably low, the frequency of NSIs among dental students was alarmingly high. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Appropriate and succinct training of dental health care workers is crucial for prevention and management of NSIs. It is recommended that dentists familiarize themselves with recommendations from such agencies and organizations as the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, and American Dental Association.
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Debelu D, Mengistu DA, Tolera ST, Aschalew A, Deriba W. Occupational-Related Injuries and Associated Risk Factors Among Healthcare Workers Working in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review. Health Serv Res Manag Epidemiol 2023; 10:23333928231192834. [PMID: 37636487 PMCID: PMC10447255 DOI: 10.1177/23333928231192834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Occupational-related diseases or illnesses account for an estimated 2.4 million deaths worldwide every year. Currently, occupational hazards threaten healthcare workers' (HCWs) lives, safety, and well-being. Therefore, providing the prevalence and major causes of occupational-related diseases may enable injury reduction and the creation of safer working environments, which are important for providing higher quality services. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of occupational-related injuries and associated risk factors among HCWs, particularly in developing countries. Methods The articles published in English were retrieved using a combination of Boolean logic operators (AND, OR, and NOT), Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), and keywords in electronic databases (SCOPUS/Science Direct, Web of Science, DOAJ, PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Google Scholars). Using Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools, a quality assessment was conducted to determine the articles' relevance. In addition, the relevant articles were identified through a series of assessment and evaluation stages. Results About 721 studies were searched using electronic databases, of which 36 articles included 139,578 HCWs. The average prevalence of occupational-related injuries among HCWs in the career and previous last year accounted for 60.17%, ranged from 32% to 87.8% and 39.16%, ranged from 1.14% to 87%, respectively. The current study found that sex and hours worked, stress at work, occupation, age, training in infection prevention, use of universal precautions, recapping needles, ward work experience, staffing and resource adequacy, awareness, outdated guidelines, and previous exposure to sharp injury were statistically associated with occupational-related injuries. Conclusions This study revealed that 39% and 60% of HCWs experienced occupational-related injuries in the last year and during their career, respectively. Therefore, the appropriate measures must be taken to reduce the burden of occupational-related injuries by following standard precautions or occupational health and safety measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desi Debelu
- School of Environmental Health, College of Health and Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Dechasa Adare Mengistu
- School of Environmental Health, College of Health and Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Sina Temesgen Tolera
- School of Environmental Health, College of Health and Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Alemayehu Aschalew
- Institutional development and facility management, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar town, Ethiopia
| | - Wegene Deriba
- School of Environmental Health, College of Health and Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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Needle-Stick and Sharp Injuries among Hospital Healthcare Workers in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19106342. [PMID: 35627878 PMCID: PMC9141311 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Needle-stick or sharp injuries (NSIs) are critical occupational hazards for healthcare workers. Exposure to blood and body fluids through NSIs increases the risk of transmission of blood-borne pathogens among them. The objectives of this study were to estimate the annual incidence of NSIs and investigate the associated factors of NSIs among the healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted between October and November 2021. A total of 361 healthcare workers participated in the survey from all over Saudi Arabia. The one-year incidence of at least one event of NSIs among the healthcare workers is estimated at 22.2% (95% CI: 18.0, 26.8). More than half of the injury events (53.8%) were not reported to the authority by the healthcare workers. Incidence of NSIs was highest among the physicians (36%) and was followed by nurses (34.8%), dentists (29.2%), and medical technologists (21.1%). The odds of NSIs was higher among the healthcare workers aged 26–30 years compared to the 20–25 years age group (OR: 2.51; 95% CI: 1.04, 6.03), as well as among the workers who directly dealt with needles or other sharp objects while working compared to those who did not (OR: 5.9; 95% CI: 2.69, 12.97). The high incidence and low rate of reporting of NSIs highlights the need of education and awareness raising programs targeting healthcare providers with higher risk of injury.
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Zachar JJ, Reher P. Percutaneous exposure injuries amongst dental staff and students at a university dental clinic in Australia: A 6-year retrospective study. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2022; 26:288-295. [PMID: 34117686 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES Dental care providers are at risk of percutaneous exposure injuries (PEIs) due to the intimate nature of the patient-dentist environment and the routine use of sharp instruments. They are the most vulnerable to accidental exposure of blood-borne viruses. The aim of this study was to determine the types of PEIs sustained by staff and students at the Griffith University Dental Clinic over a 6-year period. METHODS Data were collected regarding PEIs sustained amongst dental staff and students between 2014 and 2019. Data were obtained from the risk incident reporting system (GSafe) and the patient management Software (Titanium), and then analysed using IBM SPSS. The chi-squared tests and multinomial logistic regressions were performed with significance set at <.05. RESULTS Over the 6-year period, there were 308 PEIs with an incidence rate of 0.109%, with 67 being needle stick injuries (0.023%). These injuries happened more often in restorative procedures, followed by local anaesthesia and oral surgery. Dental students were at a greater risk of sustaining PEIs (65.6%) when compared with professional staff (34.4%). Most common instruments included needles (21.8%), probes (20.5%) and burs (18.2%). CONCLUSION Overall, the incidence of percutaneous injuries at the Griffith University Dental Clinic was low. The most common instruments were needles, probes and burs, and dental students were at greatest risk of sustaining injuries. Prevention of injuries by not recapping needles, immediate removal of burs from handpieces, the use of cassettes and single-use instruments has effectively decreased PEIs experienced by dental students and staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Joanna Zachar
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter Reher
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
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Huang J, Li N, Xu H, Jiang Y, Guo C, Li T, Cai Z, An N. Epidemiology of needlestick injury exposures among dental students during clinical training in a major teaching institution of China: A cross-sectional study. J Dent Sci 2022; 17:507-513. [PMID: 35028077 PMCID: PMC8740099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2021.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Dental students are particularly vulnerable for needlestick injuries (NSI). However, the epidemiology of NSI exposures among Chinese dental students was rarely reported. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of NSI among dental students in a major teaching institution of China, and to identify associated factors. Materials and methods A self-administrated online questionnaire was developed based on previously published studies, and distributed to dental students of Class 2011–2015 recruited from Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology. Results Two hundred and sixty-eight dental students including 38.8% of males and 61.2% of females (response rate of 90.0%) completed the survey. Approximately 36.2% of the respondents had sustained at least one NSI. A total of 112 NSI cases were reported. The majority of NSIs were related to the procedures of local anesthesia administration (15.2%) and tooth cleaning or scaling (15.2%). Syringe needles, dental burs and ultrasonic chips were the most notorious devices. Statistical analysis showed significant distribution in NSI occurrence between July–September and October–December. The main cause was lapse in concentration (67.9%), followed by fatigue (22.3%). Up to 66.1% of the exposures occurred when the student was working alone, while only 10.7% with assisting. Unfortunately, 26.8% of the incidents were under-reported. Conclusion Dental students are prone to needlestick injuries. The present study clearly reveals a need for increased awareness of NSI prevention among dental students. The quality of infection control education at dental teaching institutions is crucial and indispensable for reducing NSI exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Huang
- Department of General Dentistry Ⅱ, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, PR China
| | - He Xu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of General Dentistry Ⅱ, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chuanbin Guo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Department of Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhigang Cai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Na An
- Department of General Dentistry Ⅱ, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
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DEMİRBAŞ N, KUTLU R, TERLEMEZ A. Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi öğrencilerinin güvenli kesici-delici alet kullanımına yönelik bilgi düzeyleri ve tutumları. EGE TIP DERGISI 2021. [DOI: 10.19161/etd.990599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Shitu S, Adugna G, Abebe H. Occupational exposure to blood/body fluid splash and its predictors among midwives working in public health institutions at Addis Ababa city Ethiopia, 2020. Institution-based cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251815. [PMID: 34143794 PMCID: PMC8213160 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood/body fluid splash are hazards to health care professionals in their working area. Around twenty bloodborne pathogens are known to be transmitted through these occupational injuries. This problem alters the health status of health care professionals in different ways, including physically, mentally, and psychologically. Even though health professionals especially midwives who are working in delivery rooms are highly affected, little is known about the exposure. So, this study was aimed to assess the prevalence of exposure to blood/body fluid splash and its predictors among midwives working in public health institutions of Addis Ababa city. METHODS Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among 438 study participants in public health institutions in Addis Ababa. Data was collected from March 1-20, 2020 by a self-administered questionnaire. The data were entered into Epi data version 3.1 and then exported to SPSS version 24 for analysis. All variables with P<0.25 in the bivariate analysis were included in a final model and statistical significance was declared at P< 0.05. RESULTS In this study, a total of 424 respondents respond yielding a response rate of 97%. The prevalence of blood and body fluid splashes (BBFs) was 198 (46.7%). Not training on infection prevention, working in two shifts (> 12 hours), not regularly apply universal precautions, job-related stress, an average monthly salary of 5001-8000 were independent predictors of blood and body fluid splashes. CONCLUSION The study revealed that nearly half of midwives were exposed to BBFS. This highlights the need for key stakeholders such as policymakers and service providers to design appropriate policies to avert this magnitude and making the environment enabling to comply with standard precautions. We recommend that this study may be done by including rural setting institutions and by including other health professionals that are susceptible to BBFS at work. Formal training on infection prevention and safety practice to apply universal precautions will be needed from the concerned bodies to prevent exposures to blood/body fluid splash.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Shitu
- Department of Midwifery, Wolkite University College of Health and Medical Sciences, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
| | - Getachew Adugna
- City Health Offices, Addis Ababa City Health Departments, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Haimanot Abebe
- Department of Public Health, Wolkite University College of Health and Medical Sciences, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
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Xin KY, Eusufzai SZ, Jamayet NB, Alam MK. Knowledge and awareness regarding occupational needle stick and sharp injuries among dental personnel in Malaysia. Work 2021; 67:165-171. [PMID: 32955481 DOI: 10.3233/wor-203262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accidental occupational injuries increase the risk of communicable diseases like hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among dental personnel. Such occupational injuries affect healthcare quality by enhancing dissatisfaction and lack of motivation to work among dental personnel. OBJECTIVE The present study aims to assess knowledge and awareness regarding needle stick and sharp injury among dental personnel and compared the knowledge and awareness level about needle stick injuries between dental professionals and dental supporting staff working at the School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2016 to March 2017. The total sample included 112 registered dental personnel including dental professionals (lecturers, dental officers, and postgraduate students) and dental supportive staff (including staff nurses and dental surgery assistant) who were selected from the School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia at Kelantan District of Malaysia. Data were collected by a structured questionnaire. RESULTS In our study 60.7% respondents answered correctly for all the statements regarding knowledge and 51.8% of the respondents answered correctly for the statements regarding awareness on needle stick and sharp injury. No significant difference of knowledge level has been observed between the dental professionals and dental supportive staff (p < 0.819), whereas the awareness level was significantly different between these two groups (p < 0.016). CONCLUSIONS There is a difference regarding awareness level on needle stick and sharp injury between dental professionals and dental supportive staff in our study but no differences were found in knowledge level between two groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuah Yan Xin
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Sumaiya Zabin Eusufzai
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nafij Bin Jamayet
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Worldwide Prevalence of Occupational Exposure to Needle Stick Injury among Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2021; 2021:9019534. [PMID: 33564345 PMCID: PMC7864758 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9019534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Healthcare workers are at high risk of occupational exposure to needle stick injury worldwide. Occupational exposure to needle stick injury represents the most common sources of infection such as hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and human immunodeficiency virus. Thus, this review aimed to determine the career time and previous one-year global pooled prevalence of occupational exposure to needle stick injury among healthcare workers. Methods The review considered articles written in English language and published from 2012 to 2020. The articles were searched using nine electronic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Cochrane library, Web of Science, SCOPUS, MedNar, and ScienceDirect) using a combination of Boolean logic operators (AND, OR, and NOT), Medical Subject Headings, and keywords. Quality assessment was performed to determine the relevance of the articles using Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Several steps of assessment and evaluation were taken to select and analyze the relevant articles. Results The worldwide pooled prevalence of needle stick injuries among healthcare workers during career time and previous one year was 56.2% (95% CI: 47.1, 64.9) and 32.4% (95% CI: 22.0, 44.8), respectively. The career time pooled prevalence of needle stick injuries based on the socioeconomic development and study area was 54.8% and 55.1%, respectively, and one-year pooled prevalence of needle stick injury was 26.0% and 20.9%. Conclusion The review found a high prevalence of occupational exposure to needle stick injury among healthcare workers and suggests the need to improve occupational health and safety services in the healthcare systems.
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Halawani R, Aboalshamat K, Alwsaidi R, Sharqawi S, Alhazmi R, Abualsaud Z, Alattallah A, Alamri M. Awareness and Practices of Dental Students and Dentists Regarding Infection Control in Prosthodontic Clinics. Open Dent J 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210602014010184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:Patient safety is a priority for achieving higher quality health care standards and human error> reduction.Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of appropriate infection control practices in a prosthodontic clinic in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.Methods:This cross-sectional study included 460 dental students and dentists recruited from five centers. Data were collected by self-administered questionnaires> composed of 25 questions. The questionnaires> assessed infection control practices in prosthodontic clinics, including wearable barriers, disinfection measures among patients, disinfection of laboratory submissions, and proper infection control. Other questions assessed sources of knowledge, self-evaluation of knowledge, implementation, and satisfaction with knowledge application.Results:Total correct answers for proper practice (16 questions) had a mean of 12.5 with a standard deviation of 2.8. The most commonly practiced procedure was wearing a mask (99.8%) and the least was sterilizing the facebow before its use by the patient (53.7%). Participants from governmental colleges (m = 13.67, SD = 2.17) had significantly higher scores than participants from private colleges (m = 12.35, SD = 2.9),p<0.001. Only 2.8% had never attended a lecture, and only 13.8% had never had hands-on training for infection control. Despite 49.1% evaluating themselves as having very poor to poor knowledge, 90.7% had fair to very good valuation of their infection control implementations, and 87.6% were satisfied with their knowledge and performance levels.Conclusion:Dental students and dentists have high levels of adequate infection control practices in the prosthodontic clinic despite the moderate level of their satisfaction with their knowledge.
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Occupational Blood Exposures in Health Care Workers at a Tertiary Teaching Hospital: Incidence, Characteristics and Transmission of Blood Borne Pathogens. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.14.1.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Mengistu DA, Tolera ST. Prevalence of occupational exposure to needle-stick injury and associated factors among healthcare workers of developing countries: Systematic review. J Occup Health 2020; 62:e12179. [PMID: 33314610 PMCID: PMC7733390 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare workers are at high risk of infection from blood-borne pathogens, such as Hepatitis B and C Virus, and Human Immunodeficiency. Occupational exposure to needle-stick injuries (NSIs) continue to have a major health problem in the healthcare systems of developing countries. Thus, this review article aimed to provide the evidence on the prevalence of NSI and associated factors among healthcare workers of developing countries. METHODS The studies published from 2012 to 2019 were identified through systematic searches of electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Scopus, Med Nar, and Science Direct. The MeSH terms and/or keywords was used in conjunction with "AND" or "OR" (Boolean logic operators). All identified keywords and an index terms were checked across the included databases. Assessment and evaluation were taken to confirm the quality and relevance of the included articles, followed by extraction and analysis of data. RESULT Overall, 2021 articles were identified using specified search terms from the initial searches of the literature (2012-2019). A total of 13 articles met eligibility criteria were included in the review. Among 6513 participants, 1009 and 2201 participants involved to determine 1-year and throughout career prevalence, respectively. The prevalence of NSI ranged from 19.9% to 54.0% with an overall prevalence of 35.7% and 38.5 to 100% with an overall prevalence of 64.1% in the previous 1 year and throughout career, respectively. Sex, workload, needle recapping, overuse of injection, and practice of universal precautions, training, occupation, working experience, and personal protective equipment were among the factors associated with the prevalence of NSIs in developing countries. CONCLUSION The review indicated that NSIs have been identified as one of the most serious issues that affect the health and well-being of healthcare workers in the majority of healthcare systems of developing countries. There is a need to apply safety practices or other measures to reduce the risk of NSIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechasa Adare Mengistu
- Department of Environmental Health ScienceCollege of Health and Medical ScienceHaramaya UniversityHararEthiopia
| | - Sina Temesgen Tolera
- Department of Environmental Health ScienceCollege of Health and Medical ScienceHaramaya UniversityHararEthiopia
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Weldesamuel E, Gebreyesus H, Beyene B, Teweldemedhin M, Welegebriel Z, Tetemke D. Assessment of needle stick and sharp injuries among health care workers in central zone of Tigray, northern Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:654. [PMID: 31604448 PMCID: PMC6787964 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4683-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Accidental occupational injuries to health care workers (HCWs) continue to have a significant problem in the healthcare system. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess prevalence of needle sticks and sharp injury and associated factors among health care workers working in Central Zone Tigray northern Ethiopia. Result The prevalence of needle stick and sharp injury in the past 12 months preceding the study and entire job were 25.9% and 38.5% respectively. Nearly one-third (31%) of the injuries occurred in emergency unit and 122 (71.3%) of the materials caused injury were used on patients. Practice of needle recap, ever used cigarette in last 12 months, training, work hours > 40 per week, job dissatisfaction and work experience less than 5 years were found factors significantly associated with needle stick and sharp injury for health care workers. The magnitude of Needle stick and sharp injury is high in the study area. Policy makers should formulate strategies to improve the working condition for healthcare workers and increase their adherence to universal precautions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Weldesamuel
- Department of Public Health, College Health Sciences Hospital, Aksum University, Aksum, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Hailay Gebreyesus
- Department of Public Health, College Health Sciences Hospital, Aksum University, Aksum, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Berhe Beyene
- Department of Public Health, College Health Sciences Hospital, Aksum University, Aksum, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Mebrahtu Teweldemedhin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences & Compreshensive Specialized Hospital, Aksum University, Aksum, Tigray, Ethiopia.
| | - Zemichael Welegebriel
- Department of Public Health, College Health Sciences Hospital, Aksum University, Aksum, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Desalegn Tetemke
- Department of Public Health, College Health Sciences Hospital, Aksum University, Aksum, Tigray, Ethiopia
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AlDakhil L, Yenugadhati N, Al-Seraihi O, Al-Zoughool M. Prevalence and associated factors for needlestick and sharp injuries (NSIs) among dental assistants in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Environ Health Prev Med 2019; 24:60. [PMID: 31601166 PMCID: PMC6788026 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-019-0815-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dental personnel are subject to exposure to a number of occupational factors including needlestick and sharp injuries (NSIs). Our study aims to address knowledge gaps on prevalence and associated factors for needlestick and sharp injuries (NSIs) for the first time in Saudi Arabia. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 450 dental assistants recruited from 40 randomly selected private clinics in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Data on demographic characteristics, history of NSIs, nature of work, compliance with infection control protocols, and knowledge of infection control procedures and disease transmission were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess factors associated with NSIs; unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed. Results About three in ten dental assistants experienced at least one NSI (29.8%, 95% CI 25.6–34.2%) in private dental clinics. Lack of adequate knowledge of infection control procedures and disease transmission, non-compliance with infection control protocol of vaccination against hepatitis B virus, and attending 12 or less number of patients daily were significantly associated with increased risk of NSIs (p ≤ 0.05); adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) were 1.87 (1.18–2.97), 1.89 (1.05–3.41), and 1.63 (1.03–2.56), respectively. In addition, dental assistants working in 45.8% of dental clinics that had no infection control unit were positively associated with higher NSI risk (aOR = 2.28, 95% CI 1.45–3.57). Conclusion Our study reported the prevalent nature of NSIs among dental assistants in Saudi Arabia and identified key factors that could be targeted to mitigate this preventable condition. Dental assistants would benefit from proper training on infection control protocols and procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lama AlDakhil
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Community and Environmental Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Mail Code 2350, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nagarajkumar Yenugadhati
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Community and Environmental Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Mail Code 2350, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ohoud Al-Seraihi
- College of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa Al-Zoughool
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Community and Environmental Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Mail Code 2350, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Al Eryani YM, Nooradain N, Alsharqi K, Murtadha A, Al Serouri A, Khader Y. Unintentional Injuries in the Three References Laboratories: Sana'a, Yemen. Int J Prev Med 2019; 10:174. [PMID: 32133092 PMCID: PMC6826767 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_160_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim is to determine the incidence rate of unintentional injuries and its associated factors and determine the pattern of these injuries among laboratory staff in three reference laboratories in Sana’a, Yemen. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among laboratory staff in the three reference laboratories in Sana'a, Yemen. A pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect data on the unintentional injuries during the past 12 months including the type of injury. Results: A total of 93 technicians responded and filled the questionnaires. Of the 93 technicians, 51 (54.8%) technicians reported that they had been injured in the past 12 months. Of all injuries, 38% of technicians were caused by needle sticks, 21% by sharp materials other than needles, 15% by hot materials, 15% by exposure to chemicals, and 11% of them by other exposures. Only 18% of injuries were reported to safety officer in the laboratory. Those who had an experience of <5 years were more likely to experience injury in the past 12 months than those who had 5 years of experience or more (odds ratio = 8.3; 95% confidence interval: 2.2, 27.4; P < 0.005). Conclusions: About half of laboratory technicians in Yemen reported that they had been injured in the past 12 months, with the needle stick being the most common cause of injury. Therefore, there is a need for targeted interventions to laboratory technicians to increase their awareness on the risk of injuries in the laboratory. Bio-safety training among laboratory technicians deemed very necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Abdulwahed Al Serouri
- Field Epidemiology Training Program, Ministry of Public Health and Population, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Yousef Khader
- Department of Community Medicine, Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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18
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Cheng HC, Yen AMF, Lee YH. Factors affecting patient safety culture among dental healthcare workers: A nationwide cross-sectional survey. J Dent Sci 2019; 14:263-268. [PMID: 31528254 PMCID: PMC6739285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Patient safety is a major healthcare challenge. Due to a lack of safety culture knowledge among dental professionals, our objectives were to measure the level of patient safety culture using the Safety Attitude Questionnaire in Chinese (SAQ-C) and identify factors associated with positive attitudes toward patient safety. Materials and methods A nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted within dentistry departments of 20 hospitals and in 40 dental clinics, from which were randomly chosen. The survey (SAQ-C) comprised of 32 items and reflects five dimensions of patient safety culture. The second section collects demographic information that supposedly affects attitudes toward patient safety. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors that supposedly influenced positive attitudes toward patient safety. Results Mean SAQ-C scores were significantly higher in respondents who were male, older, dentists, supervisors, and working in clinics. Positive attitudes toward patient safety were found in 172 participants (55.7%). Multivariate analyses revealed age and place of work are significantly associated with positive safety attitudes. A limitation of this study is that the association between SAQ-C scores and patient outcomes could not be examined. Conclusion With a lack of research in the dental field, our study provides important information on patient safety attitudes for dental healthcare workers. Results from this study present the current status of patient safety culture and help raise awareness of it. Most notably, the study identified several factors associated with positive attitudes toward patient safety. The information can be used to improve patient safety in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Chung Cheng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Amy Ming-Fang Yen
- School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Lee
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Al Wutayd O, AlRehaili A, AlSafrani K, Abalkhail A, AlEidi SM. Current Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice of Medical Students Regarding the Risk of Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Control Measures at Qassim University. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:435-439. [PMID: 30834016 PMCID: PMC6390161 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Medical students are exposed to occupational health hazards in hospitals during their studies and lack sufficient education about infection control measures. Injury to medical students is a substantial problem and students have an increased risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV). To understand how medical students think about infection control, it is important to identify the strengths and weaknesses of their education. AIM: To assess current knowledge, attitudes, and practice of medical students regarding HBV infection and control measures at Qassim University, Saudi Arabia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a medical college. Participants completed a 39-item self-administered questionnaire assessing demographics, knowledge, attitudes, and practice. Item response frequencies were calculated. Responses were recorded into yes (strongly agree and agree) and no (neutral, disagree, and strongly disagree) answers. Correct responses were totalled and categorised as good or poor performance. A scale cut-off of less than 75% correct responses was considered poor, and 75% or more correct responses was considered good. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated, and the chi-square test was used for analysis. RESULTS: A total of 21%, 41%, and 8% of students expressed good knowledge, attitudes, and practice, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between males and females on knowledge (p = 0.089), attitudes (p = 0.829), and practice (p = 0.248). There was a statistically significant difference between academic years on knowledge (p = 0.0001), attitudes (p = 0.0001), and practice (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Most medical students have poor knowledge, attitudes, and practice regarding the risk of HBV infection. It is recommended that a policy is implemented for training on infection prevention for all medical students before they start clinical practice. Prevention programs about HBV infection should be instituted, and existing programs must be strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Al Wutayd
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Unaizah College of Medicine, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Sriram S. Study of needle stick injuries among healthcare providers: Evidence from a teaching hospital in India. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 8:599-603. [PMID: 30984680 PMCID: PMC6436289 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_454_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Needle stick injuries (NSIs) are the injuries that are caused by needles, such as hypodermic needles, blood collection needles, intravenous stylets, and needles used to connect parts of intravenous delivery systems. NSIs are very common and in many instances unavoidable among healthcare providers when they are delivering patient care. Around 75% of the NSIs in developing countries are not reported. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and other correlates and attributes of NSIs among healthcare providers in a tertiary care teaching hospital in South India. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in Narayana Medical College and Hospital in Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, between June 2012 and February 2013. Data using a structured questionnaire were collected among all the 1525 healthcare providers working in the teaching hospital. Results: Around 10.81% of the total healthcare providers in the teaching hospital were exposed to NSIs. Syringe needles (75%) were the most common devices leading to NSIs. Majority of NSIs took place in the wards of the different departments (75%). Morning shift (70%) was the most common time of the day for the occurrence of NSIs. Only 65% of the healthcare providers were wearing gloves at the time of injury. Majority (82%) took immediate treatment after NSIs. Conclusions: Establishment of formal reporting mechanisms, immediate reporting of NSIs, and the establishment of a comprehensive NSI prevention program will help in the reduction in the occurrence of NSIs and help in taking immediate remedial action in the form of prophylaxis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamkumar Sriram
- Department of Health Services Policy and Management, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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21
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Trayner KMA, Hopps L, Nguyen M, Christie M, Bagg J, Roy K. Cross-sectional survey of a sample of UK primary care dental professionals' experiences of sharps injuries and perception of access to occupational health support. Br Dent J 2018; 225:sj.bdj.2018.1031. [PMID: 30499564 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2018.1031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K M A Trayner
- NHS National Services Scotland, Health Protection Scotland, Meridian Court, 5 Cadogan Street, Glasgow, G2 6QE, United Kingdom
| | - L Hopps
- University of Glasgow Dental School, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - M Nguyen
- University of Glasgow Dental School, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - M Christie
- NHS National Services Scotland, Health Protection Scotland, Meridian Court, 5 Cadogan Street, Glasgow, G2 6QE, United Kingdom
| | - J Bagg
- University of Glasgow Dental School, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - K Roy
- NHS National Services Scotland, Health Protection Scotland, Meridian Court, 5 Cadogan Street, Glasgow, G2 6QE, United Kingdom
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22
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Use of safety syringes for administration of local anaesthesia among a sample of UK primary care dental professionals. Br Dent J 2018; 225:957-961. [PMID: 30468166 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2018.1028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background Safer sharps devices (SSDs) are commercially available and their use is mandated through UK legislation. Aim To identify the current usage of SSDs in UK primary care dentistry. Method A cross-sectional survey was administered to delegates at the 2017 British Dental Association (BDA) Conference and Exhibition in Manchester, and at the 2017 BDA Scottish Conference and Exhibition in Glasgow. The survey covered a range of questions relating to sharps injuries and use of traditional and safety syringes for delivery of local anaesthesia. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS Version 22 (IBM Corp., 2013) and included chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. Results Seven hundred and ninety-six delegates participated, of whom 396 (49.7%) were using safety syringes for delivery of local anaesthesia. Of the 166 participants who had experienced a sharps injury in the past year, 76 (45.8%) worked in facilities that most commonly used SSDs for delivery of local anaesthesia. Conclusion Our results indicate that a significant number of dental practices in our sample have not adopted SSDs and suggest sharps injuries are still being sustained in some practices using SSDs. Further epidemiological research is required to provide strong evidence for the effectiveness of SSDs and reasons why SSDs have not been fully adopted in UK primary dental care.
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Yi Y, Yuan S, Li Y, Mo D, Zeng L. Assessment of adherence behaviors for the self-reporting of occupational exposure to blood and body fluids among registered nurses: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202069. [PMID: 30256805 PMCID: PMC6157846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In China, register nurses (RNs) have a high risk of occupational exposure to blood/body fluids. The adherence behavior related to self-reporting of occupational exposure needs to be evaluated to protect RNs from healthcare-related infections. OBJECTIVES To assess adherence behaviors for self-reporting of occupational exposure to blood and body fluids among RNs and identify factors affecting self-reporting in Hunan Province, China for developing upgraded strategies. METHODS Study participants, randomly selected from six tertiary hospitals in Changsha City, completed a structured questionnaire. Frequencies and percentages were used to describe basic demographic data. One-way analysis of variance was performed to assess whether adherence behaviors were correlated to each other; the multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with reporting exposure to blood/body fluids. RESULTS In total, 548 RNs completed the questionnaire. All participants experienced sharp object injuries at least once during their career; 65.88% of participants were exposed to blood/body fluids thrice, and 31.2% experienced 1-5 occupational exposures in the past month. However, only 14.6% of participants submitted a blood/body fluid exposure report to a supervisor/official after every incident. Blood/body fluid exposure was associated with the non-usage of safety protocols. Only 10.2% of participants believed the employer paid more attention to needle-stick injuries (P<0.01) than to other injuries. Most participants (73.5%) reported the absence of psychological support after injuries (P<0.01). Nine personal and management factors were observed to be closely related to underreporting behavior. CONCLUSION The prevalence of exposure to blood/body fluids among RNs was high, and the underreporting rate was likely substantially underestimated. Safety-engineered devices must be adopted to decrease the prevalence of sharp object injuries. To encourage employees to report occupational exposure events, a series of hospital-wide actions need to be adopted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifang Yi
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha City, Hu’nan Province, China
| | - Sue Yuan
- Xianga Nursing School of Central South University, Changsha City, Hu’nan Province, China
- Department of Infectious Disease, Xianga Hospital of Central South University, Changsha City, Hu’nan Province, China
| | - Yinglan Li
- Department of Nursing Management, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha City, Hu’nan Province, China
| | - Dan Mo
- Department of Infectious Disease, Xianga Hospital of Central South University, Changsha City, Hu’nan Province, China
| | - Li Zeng
- Department of Burns Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha City, Hu’nan Province, China
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Garus-Pakowska A, Górajski M, Gaszyńska E. Occupational Safety and Hygiene of Dentists from Urban and Rural Areas in Terms of Sharp Injuries: Wound Structure, Causes of Injuries and Barriers to Reporting-Cross-Sectional Study, Poland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E1655. [PMID: 30081539 PMCID: PMC6121448 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15081655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Frequent contact of the dentist with potentially infectious material (PIM) is undeniable. The aim of the study was to determine the frequency and type of injuries, as well as to identify barriers to reporting and barriers to the implementation of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) among dentists from urban and rural areas. (2) Methods: We surveyed 192 dentists using an anonymous questionnaire. (3) Results: During the 12 months preceding the survey, 63% of dentists from the village and 58.8% of dentists from the city suffered at least one superficial cut, and deep cuts 15.1% and 17.6% respectively. Contact with PIM through spitting on the conjunctiva was 58.9% and 52.1% (village vs. city). Needle stick injuries were 50.4% and fingers were affected in 48.8% cases. The causes of injuries were: inattention 54.7%, rush 27%, unpredictable behavior of the patient 19%, recapping 18.2%. Work in the countryside was associated with a 1.95-times greater chance of not reporting injuries. The distance from a hospital with antiretroviral treatment may be a barrier to the implementation of PEP. (4) Conclusion: The circumstances of the injuries and the reasons for not applying for antiretroviral treatment point to the areas of necessary dentist education in this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Garus-Pakowska
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Górajski
- Department of Econometrics, Faculty of Economics and Sociology, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Ewelina Gaszyńska
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland.
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Al-Zoughool M, Al-Shehri Z. Injury and infection in dental clinics: Risk factors and prevention. Toxicol Ind Health 2018; 34:609-619. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233718769553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Needlestick and sharp instrument injuries are common in dental practice and present the risk of direct exposure to blood-borne pathogens, including hepatitis B virus. This cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the risk factors of injury and infection in three types of dental clinic in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A total of 274 male and 241 female dentists completed a structured questionnaire on demographic factors, compliance with infection control practices, and past exposure to injury and infection hazards. Dentists with more years of professional experience were significantly less likely to report having had an injury in the past (unadjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were 0.48, 0.27–0.87 and 0.38, 0.16–0.89 for dentists with 10–20 years and for those with over 20 years of experience, respectively). Greater compliance with infection control procedures was associated with significantly fewer reports of previous infection (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.12–0.84). Experience of occupational safety training was not associated with a lower rate of injury or infection. Greater occupational safety knowledge and compliance with infection control management practices contribute to a reduced risk of injury and infection among dentists. More focused and specialized training on infection control and occupational safety is needed for all practicing dentists and dental students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Al-Zoughool
- Department of Community and Environmental Health, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zaina Al-Shehri
- Department of Community and Environmental Health, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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The Prevalence and Underreporting of Needlestick Injuries among Dental Healthcare Workers in Pakistan: A Systematic Review. Int J Dent 2018; 2018:9609038. [PMID: 29623091 PMCID: PMC5829343 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9609038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Needlestick injuries (NSIs) are a major occupational health problem among dental healthcare workers (HCWs) in Pakistan, which places them at a significant risk of acquiring blood-borne infections. However, not all NSIs are reported, leading to an underestimation of the actual prevalence. The harmful impacts of NSIs on the healthcare delivery necessitate an urgent need to measure its actual prevalence. Objectives. The aim of this study was to review literature to estimate the prevalence and reporting rates of NSIs among dental-HCWs in Pakistan. Methods. 713 potentially relevant citations were identified by electronic databases and hand searching of articles. Nine primary studies were subsequently identified to be included in the review. Results. The results of the included studies indicate that the prevalence of NSIs among Pakistani dental-HCWs was between 30% and 73%. The rate of reporting of NSIs was between 15% and 76%, and the most common reason was found to be the lack of awareness regarding the reporting system, or of the need to report NSIs. Conclusion. It is evident from the review of the included studies that there is a significantly high prevalence and a low rate of reporting of NSIs among dental-HCWs in Pakistan, suggesting the need to setup an occupational health department in dental settings, for preventing, managing, recording, and monitoring NSIs.
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Zhang X, Chen Y, Li Y, Hu J, Zhang C, Li Z, Stallones L, Xiang H. Needlestick and Sharps Injuries Among Nursing Students in Nanjing, China. Workplace Health Saf 2017; 66:276-284. [DOI: 10.1177/2165079917732799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Needlestick and sharps injuries (NSIs) are a major cause of occupational injuries for health care workers worldwide. In this study, the authors report the prevalence of and risk factors for NSIs among Chinese nursing students. A cross-sectional survey was distributed to 442 nursing students; 393 completed questionnaires were submitted. A total of 237 (60.3%) nursing students reported NSIs, which were more commonly reported by female students, younger students, students who worked frequent night shifts, students without safety training, and students who did not use personal protective equipment. Among those injured, 59.9% were injured by syringe needles, 21.9% by glass items, and 3.4% by scissors. Of those needles and sharps causing injuries, 36.3% of devices had been used on patients, 41% were unused, and 22.7% were unknown. Opening ampoules or vials was the most common injury agent. A total of 86.9% of NSIs were not reported to hospital infection control. Nursing students are at high risk of NSIs in China. Occupational safety training should be developed and implemented to prevent NSIs among this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu Chen
- Zhenjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Yang Li
- Southeast University, Nanjing
| | - Jie Hu
- Southeast University, Nanjing
| | | | - Zhen Li
- Southeast University, Nanjing
| | | | - Henry Xiang
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus
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Fa BA, Cuny E. Preliminary Evidence Supports Modification of Retraction Technique to Prevent Needlestick Injuries. Anesth Prog 2017; 63:192-196. [PMID: 27973940 DOI: 10.2344/15-00038.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A modified retraction technique was introduced into the DDS degree preclinical anesthesia course in 2011 with the goal of reducing needlestick exposure incidents. In numerous studies of dental exposures, injuries from dental anesthetic needles account for the highest proportion of all exposures. The purpose of this study was to assess the preliminary impact of a modified retraction technique on the incidence of blood and body fluids (BBF) exposure incidents associated with needles during injection. Data from evaluations of students from 2014 and 2015 were obtained and tracked to determine whether the modified retraction technique was "excellent," "clinically acceptable," or "clinically unacceptable." Data were collected to determine if the patient perceived the modified retraction technique as "comfortable" or "correctable when addressed" to help improve student technique for future injections. Likewise, data from the blood-borne exposure database where all information related to BBF exposures is recorded were reviewed and the information separated by year and class. This study presents preliminary data only and because of the small sample size does not lend itself to validation by statistical analysis. However, the technique effectively removes the operator's hand from the field during injection, reducing the risk of accidental intraoral needlestick to the nondominant hand of the operator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Alvear Fa
- Director of Local Anesthesia Curriculum and Assistant Professor for the Department of Integrated Reconstructive Dental Sciences, University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, California
| | - Eve Cuny
- Director for Environmental Health and Safety and Associate Professor in the Department of Dental Practice, University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, California
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Siddiqi A, K Niazi M, De Silva H, Firth N, Konthasingha P, Zafar S. Percutaneous exposure incidents: a review of practice and awareness of current protocols at a Dental Faculty. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ors.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Siddiqi
- School of Dentistry and Health Sciences; Charles Sturt University; Orange NSW Australia
| | | | - H. De Silva
- Department of Oral Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
| | - N. Firth
- School of Dentistry; University of Western Australia; Perth Australia
| | - P. Konthasingha
- Faculty of Dentistry; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
| | - S. Zafar
- School of Dentistry; University of Western Australia; Perth Australia
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Sharew NT, Mulu GB, Habtewold TD, Gizachew KD. Occupational exposure to sharps injury among healthcare providers in Ethiopia regional hospitals. Ann Occup Environ Med 2017; 29:7. [PMID: 28344815 PMCID: PMC5364700 DOI: 10.1186/s40557-017-0163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sharps injury is a penetrating stab wound from a needle, scalpel, or another sharp object that may result in exposure to blood or other body fluids. According to World Health Organization pooled estimate, the annual incidence of sharps injury in Africa was ranged from 2.10 to 4.68 per person per year, but research data in Ethiopia is limited. The aim of the study was to investigate sharps injury prevalence and associated risk factors. METHODS Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted with 200 healthcare providers (HCP) in Northeast Ethiopia. Proportionate stratified sampling was used to select HCP. Sharps injury during the last 12 months was an outcome variable whereas demographic characteristics, behavioral attributes, and job environment characteristics were independent variables. Data was collected from April to May 2016 using self-administered questionnaire; which was adapted from World Health Organization best practices for injections and related procedures toolkit. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify sharps injury associated risk factors. Epi Info version 3.5.1 software package was used for data coding and entry whereas Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 software package was used for analysis. RESULTS In total, 195 HCP participated with a response rate of 97.5%. The prevalence of sharps injury was 32.8%. Following adjustment for covariates, lack of in-service job training and previous exposure to sharps injury were statistically significant risk factors for sharps injury. HCP who had no in-service job training were 4.7 times more likely sustained sharps injury compared with those who had in-service job training (p < 0.001, OR = 4.7, 95% CI = 2.05-10.56). HCP who had previous exposure to sharps injury were 3.7 times more likely sustained sharps injury compared with those who were not exposed (p-value = 0.002, OR = 3.7, 95% CI = 1.62-8.27). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed 32.8% or at least three out of ten HCP exposed to sharps injury. This was found statistically significant among HCP who had no in-service job training and who had previous exposure to sharps injury. Thus, training HCP perhaps increase their skill and curiosity to reduce exposure to sharps injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Getaneh Baye Mulu
- Department of Nursing, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, 445 Ethiopia
| | - Tesfa Dejenie Habtewold
- Department of Epidemiology and Rob Giel Research Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Work-related infections in dentistry: risk perception and preventive measures. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 21:2473-2479. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2046-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Fernandes LHF, Nunes WB, Silva LC, Wanderley RL, Barros CMB, Cavalcanti AL. Needlestick and Sharp Instruments Injuries among Brazilian Dentistry Students. Contemp Clin Dent 2017; 8:112-115. [PMID: 28566861 PMCID: PMC5426142 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_1173_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The occurrence of occupational accidents is common among students and dentists. The present study is aimed to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of needlestick and sharp instrument injuries among dentistry students. MATERIALS AND METHODS A documentary research was carried out with data being obtained from the analysis of 137 medical records of injuries caused by needlestick and sharp instruments occurring in the period from 2012 to 2016 and were analyzed regarding the characteristics of the victim (gender and age) and the accident (year, time, environment, and time interval between exposure and search for care). Data were organized in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software version 18 and were presented through descriptive statistics. RESULTS The occurrence of accidents was high (43.1%), with the predominance of female victims (66.1%) and aged up to 23 years (55.9%). The majority of events occurred in the afternoon (54.4%), in the clinical setting (70.7%), and in 75% of the cases, the search for care occurred within 2 h after exposure. CONCLUSION Accidents with needlestick and sharp instruments have high frequency and involve mainly female students. They are more common in the afternoon and in the clinical setting and the time interval was between exposure and the search for care complied with recommendations of the Brazilian legislation.
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Goel V, Kumar D, Lingaiah R, Singh S. Occurrence of Needlestick and Injuries among Health-care Workers of a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in North India. J Lab Physicians 2017; 9:20-25. [PMID: 28042212 PMCID: PMC5015493 DOI: 10.4103/0974-2727.187917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Occupational hazards such as accidental exposure to sharp, cuts, and splashes are common among health-care workers (HCWs). AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To determine the occurrence of self-reported occupational exposures to these hazards and to know the prevalent practices following the exposure. The second aim was to know the baseline antibody levels against hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) immediately after these accidents. METHODS An observational prospective study was done in the HCWs of a tertiary care academic health organization of North India from January 2011 to December 2013. At the time of self-reporting of injury, a questionnaire was administered. Blood sample of HCWs and of the source, if identified, was collected for baseline HBV, HCV, and HIV serum markers. The exposed HCWs were followed up and repeat testing was done after 3-4 weeks for seroconversion up to 6 months. RESULTS A total of 476 injuries were reported. Needlestick injury of fingers was the most common. Doctors were found to have the highest exposure rate (73.7%) distantly followed by nurses (19.1%). A significant number of the HCWs (125, 26.3%) vaccinated in past had hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) titers <10 mIU/mL (protection defined as anti-HBs level ≥10 mIU/ml). Only 44 sources were found to be seropositive (11 for HIV, 9 for HCV, and 24 for HBV). No seroconversion was seen in any of the exposed HCWs after 6 months. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of needlestick and sharp injuries is most often encountered in emergency wards. Anti-HBs titers were suboptimal in many of the HCWs requiring a booster dose of HBV vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Goel
- Division of Clinical Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Division of Clinical Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Raghavendra Lingaiah
- Division of Clinical Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sarman Singh
- Division of Clinical Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
- Address for correspondence: Prof. Sarman Singh, E-mail:
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Mashoto KO, Mubyazi GM, Mushi AK. Knowledge of occupational exposure to HIV: a cross sectional study of healthcare workers in Tumbi and Dodoma hospitals, Tanzania. BMC Health Serv Res 2015; 15:29. [PMID: 25609261 PMCID: PMC4307904 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-015-0700-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insufficient knowledge on blood-borne pathogens has been identified as a factor that influences occupational exposure to needle stick and sharps injuries. The objective of this study was to assess healthcare workers' knowledge on occupational exposure to HIV. METHODS A cross sectional survey was conducted at Tumbi designated regional hospital and Dodoma regional hospital, Tanzania in February 2012. A self-administered questionnaire was used to capture information on knowledge of occupational exposure to HIV infection. RESULTS A total of 401 healthcare workers responded to a self-administered questionnaire. High proportion of healthcare workers (96.3%) understood that they are at risk of occupational exposure to HIV. The majority of healthcare workers trained on post exposure prophylaxis procedure and use of personal protective equipment were clinicians (87.1% and 71.4% respectively) and nurses (81.8% and 74.6% respectively). Over a quarter of the healthcare workers were not aware of whom to contact in the event of occupational exposure. One third of healthcare workers did not have comprehensive knowledge on causes of occupational HIV transmission and did not know when post exposure prophylaxis is indicated. Healthcare workers not trained on the use of person protective equipment were less likely to have comprehensive knowledge on occupational exposure to HIV (OR = 0.5; 95% CI 0.3 - 0.9). Knowledge on causes of occupational exposure varied with the cadre of healthcare workers. Nurses were more likely to have comprehensive knowledge on occupational exposure to HIV than non-clinical staff (OR = 2.6; 95% CI 1.5 - 4.5). CONCLUSION A substantial proportion of studied healthcare workers had little knowledge on occupational exposure to HIV and was not aware of a contact person in the event of occupational exposure to HIV. Training on post exposure prophylaxis and infection prevention and control including the use of person protective equipment provided to nurses and clinicians should be extended to other clinical and non-clinical hospital staff.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adiel K Mushi
- National Institute for Medical Research, P.O. Box 9653, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. .,Tanzania National Health Research Forum, P.O. Box 9653, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
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Farsi D, Zare MA, Hassani SA, Abbasi S, Emaminaini A, Hafezimoghadam P, Rezai M. Prevalence of occupational exposure to blood and body secretions and its related effective factors among health care workers of three Emergency Departments in Tehran. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2012; 17:656-61. [PMID: 23798926 PMCID: PMC3685782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 05/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accidental exposure to blood and body secretions is frequent among health care workers (HCWs). They are at risk of acquiring blood-borne diseases. In this study, we have investigated the prevalence and risk factors of occupational exposure among the HCWs of the Emergency Departments (ED) at three teaching hospitals in Tehran. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted this observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study using a self-reporting 25-question survey, related to occupational exposures, in February 2010. It was carried out among 200 HCWs (specialist physicians, residents, medical interns, nurses, laboratory personnel, housekeepers, cleaners, and others), who were working in the EDs of the three teaching hospitals of the Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The age, sex, and job category of the HCWs suffering from the injury were determined, as also the risk factors responsible for the exposure of the HCWs. RESULTS One hundred and fifteen (57.5%) of the 200 HCWs had had at least one episode of blood or body fluid exposure in their professional life. Hollow-bore needles accounted for the highest amount of injuries, with 41.5%, followed by suture needles (18.5%). The most prevalent procedures associated with injuries were suturing (17.5%) and recapping used syringes (16.5%), respectively. All the specialist doctors in this study reported at least one exposure. The percentage of exposure in the other participants of our study was 74.3% for ED residents, 61.1% for laboratory technicians, 51.9% for nurses, and 51% for medical interns. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that male gender, recapping needles, and job profession were independently associated with exposure to blood or body fluids. CONCLUSION High prevalence of occupational exposure in this study emphasized the importance of promoting awareness, training, and education for the HCWs, for preventive strategies, and also reporting of occupational exposure to blood and body secretions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davood Farsi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad A. Zare
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed A. Hassani
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Abbasi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afsoon Emaminaini
- Department of Nephrology, Research Center of Kidney and Urinary Tract Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Peyman Hafezimoghadam
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Address for correspondence: Mr. Peyman Hafezimoghadam, Department of Emergency, Hazrat-e-Rasoul Akram Hospital, Niyayesh Ave., Sattarkhan Street, Tehran, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Mahdi Rezai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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