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Saleh MSM, Jalil J, Zainalabidin S, Asmadi AY, Mustafa NH, Kamisah Y. Genus Parkia: Phytochemical, Medicinal Uses, and Pharmacological Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020618. [PMID: 33435507 PMCID: PMC7827335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Parkia (Fabaceae, Subfamily, Mimosoideae) comprises about 34 species of mostly evergreen trees widely distributed across neotropics, Asia, and Africa. This review aims to provide an overview of the current status of the species from the genus Parkia in terms of its relationship between its phytochemistry and medical uses. Comprehensive information on Parkia species was retrieved from electronic databases, which were Web of Science, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar. This review identified nine species from genus Parkia with properties of medicinal use. They are used traditionally to treat several ailments, such as diabetes, diarrhea, wounds, hypertension, cough, chronic piles, conjunctivitis, and measles. The most common species studied are P. biglobosa, P. speciosa, P. javanica, P. bicolor, P. biglandulosa, P. filicoidea, and P. clappertoniana. A considerable number of secondary metabolites, such as terpenoids, phenolic acids, flavonoids (aglycone and glycosides), and numerous volatile compounds have been identified in this genus, which are responsible for their diverse pharmacological activities. Their extracts, pure compounds and seed lectins have been reported for their anticancer, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, antiulcer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimalarial, hepatoprotective, and antidiarrheal activities. The information gathered in this review might be of help for future studies in terms of the current knowledge on the link between the phytochemical components and medicinal uses. This could facilitate more discoveries on its potentials particularly in the pharmacological characteristics and potential to be developed into modern medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S. M. Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Juriyati Jalil
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (J.J.); (N.H.M.)
| | - Satirah Zainalabidin
- Program of Biomedical Science, Centre of Toxicology and Health Risk Study, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Ahmad Yusof Asmadi
- Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Nor Hidayah Mustafa
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (J.J.); (N.H.M.)
| | - Yusof Kamisah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +603-91459575; Fax: +603-91459547
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Gelmi‐Candusso TA, Bialozyt R, Slana D, Zárate Gómez R, Heymann EW, Heer K. Estimating seed dispersal distance: A comparison of methods using animal movement and plant genetic data on two primate-dispersed Neotropical plant species. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:8965-8977. [PMID: 31462995 PMCID: PMC6706201 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed dispersal distance (SDD) critically influences the survival of seedlings, spatial patterns of genetic diversity within plant populations, and gene flow among plant populations. In animal-dispersed species, foraging behavior and movement patterns determine SDD. Direct observations of seed dispersal events by animals in natural plant populations are mostly constrained by the high mobility and low visibility of seed dispersers. Therefore, diverse alternative methods are used to estimate seed dispersal distance, but direct comparisons of these approaches within the same seed dispersal system are mostly missing.We investigated two plant species with different life history traits, Leonia cymosa and Parkia panurensis, exclusively dispersed by two tamarin species, Saguinus mystax and Leontocebus nigrifrons. We compared SDD estimates obtained from direct observations, genetic identification of mother plants from seed coats, parentage analysis of seedlings/saplings, and phenomenological and mechanistic modeling approaches.SDD derived from the different methods ranged between 158 and 201 m for P. panurensis and between 178 and 318 m for L. cymosa. In P. panurensis, the modeling approaches resulted in moderately higher estimates than observations and genotyping of seed coats. In L. cymosa, parentage analysis resulted in a lower estimate than all other methods. Overall, SDD estimates for P. panurensis (179 ± 16 m; mean ± SD) were significantly lower than for L. cymosa (266 ± 59 m; mean ± SD).Differences among methods were related to processes of the seed dispersal loop integrated by the respective methods (e.g., seed deposition or seedling distribution). We discuss the merits and limitations of each method and highlight the aspects to be considered when comparing SDD derived from different methodologies. Differences among plant species were related to differences in reproductive traits influencing gut passage time and feeding behavior, highlighting the importance of plant traits on animal-mediated seed dispersal distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana A. Gelmi‐Candusso
- Verhaltensökologie & SoziobiologieDeutsches Primatenzentrum – Leibniz‐Institut für PrimatenforschungGöttingenGermany
| | - Ronald Bialozyt
- Conservation BiologyPhillips‐Universität MarburgMarburgGermany
- Present address:
Nordwestdeutsche Forstliche VersuchsanstaltGöttingenGermany
| | - Darja Slana
- Verhaltensökologie & SoziobiologieDeutsches Primatenzentrum – Leibniz‐Institut für PrimatenforschungGöttingenGermany
| | | | - Eckhard W. Heymann
- Verhaltensökologie & SoziobiologieDeutsches Primatenzentrum – Leibniz‐Institut für PrimatenforschungGöttingenGermany
| | - Katrin Heer
- Conservation BiologyPhillips‐Universität MarburgMarburgGermany
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Heymann EW, Culot L, Knogge C, Smith AC, Tirado Herrera ER, Müller B, Stojan-Dolar M, Lledo Ferrer Y, Kubisch P, Kupsch D, Slana D, Koopmann ML, Ziegenhagen B, Bialozyt R, Mengel C, Hambuckers J, Heer K. Small Neotropical primates promote the natural regeneration of anthropogenically disturbed areas. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10356. [PMID: 31346187 PMCID: PMC6658533 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46683-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasingly large proportions of tropical forests are anthropogenically disturbed. Where natural regeneration is possible at all, it requires the input of plant seeds through seed dispersal from the forest matrix. Zoochorous seed dispersal - the major seed dispersal mode for woody plants in tropical forests - is particularly important for natural regeneration. In this study, covering a period of more than 20 years, we show that small New World primates, the tamarins Saguinus mystax and Leontocebus nigrifrons, increase their use of an anthropogenically disturbed area over time and disperse seeds from primary forest tree species into this area. Through monitoring the fate of seeds and through parentage analyses of seedlings of the legume Parkia panurensis from the disturbed area and candidate parents from the primary forest matrix, we show that tamarin seed dispersal is effective and contributes to the natural regeneration of the disturbed area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eckhard W Heymann
- Verhaltensökologie & Soziobiologie, Deutsches Primatenzentrum - Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Laurence Culot
- Verhaltensökologie & Soziobiologie, Deutsches Primatenzentrum - Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Göttingen, Germany
- Laboratório de Primatologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
- Primatology Research Group, Behavioral Biology Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christoph Knogge
- Verhaltensökologie & Soziobiologie, Deutsches Primatenzentrum - Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrew C Smith
- School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emérita R Tirado Herrera
- Verhaltensökologie & Soziobiologie, Deutsches Primatenzentrum - Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Göttingen, Germany
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Britta Müller
- Verhaltensökologie & Soziobiologie, Deutsches Primatenzentrum - Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Göttingen, Germany
- Bayerisches Landesamt für Gesundheit und Lebensmittelsicherheit, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mojca Stojan-Dolar
- Verhaltensökologie & Soziobiologie, Deutsches Primatenzentrum - Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yvan Lledo Ferrer
- Verhaltensökologie & Soziobiologie, Deutsches Primatenzentrum - Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Göttingen, Germany
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Petra Kubisch
- Verhaltensökologie & Soziobiologie, Deutsches Primatenzentrum - Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Göttingen, Germany
- Albrecht-von-Haller-Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften, Abteilung Ökologie & Ökosystemforschung, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Denis Kupsch
- Verhaltensökologie & Soziobiologie, Deutsches Primatenzentrum - Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Göttingen, Germany
- Naturschutzbiologie, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Darja Slana
- Verhaltensökologie & Soziobiologie, Deutsches Primatenzentrum - Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mareike Lena Koopmann
- Verhaltensökologie & Soziobiologie, Deutsches Primatenzentrum - Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Göttingen, Germany
- Bioplan Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Ronald Bialozyt
- Naturschutzbiologie, Philipps-Universität, Marburg, Germany
- Nordwestdeutsche Forstliche Versuchsanstalt, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Julien Hambuckers
- Chair for Statistics and Econometrics, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Finance, HEC Liège, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Katrin Heer
- Naturschutzbiologie, Philipps-Universität, Marburg, Germany
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Predictions of Seed Shadows Generated by Common Brown Lemurs (Eulemur fulvus) and Their Relationship to Seasonal Behavioral Strategies. INT J PRIMATOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-018-0057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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5
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Gelmi-Candusso TA, Heymann EW, Heer K. Effects of zoochory on the spatial genetic structure of plant populations. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:5896-5910. [PMID: 28921766 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Spatial genetic structure (SGS) of plants results from the nonrandom distribution of related individuals. SGS provides information on gene flow and spatial patterns of genetic diversity within populations. Seed dispersal creates the spatial template for plant distribution. Thus, in zoochorous plants, dispersal mode and disperser behaviour might have a strong impact on SGS. However, many studies only report the taxonomic group of seed dispersers, without further details. The recent increase in studies on SGS provides the opportunity to review findings and test for the influence of dispersal mode, taxonomic affiliation of dispersers and their behaviour. We compared the proportions of studies with SGS among groups and tested for differences in strength of SGS using Sp statistics. The presence of SGS differed among taxonomic groups, with reduced presence in plants dispersed by birds. Strength of SGS was instead significantly influenced by the behaviour of seed dispersal vectors, with higher SGS in plant species dispersed by animals with behavioural traits that result in short seed dispersal distances. We observed high variance in the strength of SGS in plants dispersed by animals that actively or passively accumulate seeds. Additionally, we found SGS was also affected by pollination and marker type used. Our study highlights the importance of vector behaviour on SGS even in the presence of variance created by other factors. Thus, more detailed information on the behaviour of seed dispersers would contribute to better understand which factors shape the spatial scale of gene flow in animal-dispersed plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana A Gelmi-Candusso
- Verhaltensökologie & Soziobiologie, Deutsches Primatenzentrum - Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Eckhard W Heymann
- Verhaltensökologie & Soziobiologie, Deutsches Primatenzentrum - Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katrin Heer
- Naturschutzbiologie, Phillips-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Heymann EW, Culot L, Knogge C, Noriega Piña TE, Tirado Herrera ER, Klapproth M, Zinner D. Long-term consistency in spatial patterns of primate seed dispersal. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:1435-1441. [PMID: 28261455 PMCID: PMC5330868 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed dispersal is a key ecological process in tropical forests, with effects on various levels ranging from plant reproductive success to the carbon storage potential of tropical rainforests. On a local and landscape scale, spatial patterns of seed dispersal create the template for the recruitment process and thus influence the population dynamics of plant species. The strength of this influence will depend on the long-term consistency of spatial patterns of seed dispersal. We examined the long-term consistency of spatial patterns of seed dispersal with spatially explicit data on seed dispersal by two neotropical primate species, Leontocebus nigrifrons and Saguinus mystax (Callitrichidae), collected during four independent studies between 1994 and 2013. Using distributions of dispersal probability over distances independent of plant species, cumulative dispersal distances, and kernel density estimates, we show that spatial patterns of seed dispersal are highly consistent over time. For a specific plant species, the legume Parkia panurensis, the convergence of cumulative distributions at a distance of 300 m, and the high probability of dispersal within 100 m from source trees coincide with the dimension of the spatial-genetic structure on the embryo/juvenile (300 m) and adult stage (100 m), respectively, of this plant species. Our results are the first demonstration of long-term consistency of spatial patterns of seed dispersal created by tropical frugivores. Such consistency may translate into idiosyncratic patterns of regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eckhard W Heymann
- Verhaltensökologie & Soziobiologie Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung Göttingen Germany
| | - Laurence Culot
- Verhaltensökologie & Soziobiologie Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung Göttingen Germany; Laboratório de Primatologia Departamento de Zoologia Universidade Estadual Paulista Rio Claro SP Brazil; Primatology Research Group Behavioral Biology UnitUniversity of Liège Liège Belgium
| | - Christoph Knogge
- Verhaltensökologie & Soziobiologie Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung Göttingen Germany; Present address: Caixa Postal 47 Nazaré Paulista São Paulo12960-000 Brazil
| | | | | | - Matthias Klapproth
- Kognitive Ethologie Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung Göttingen Germany
| | - Dietmar Zinner
- Kognitive Ethologie Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung Göttingen Germany
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7
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Bialozyt R, Niggemann M, Ziegenhagen B. Quantification of the zygotic barrier between interbreeding taxa using gene flow data. OIKOS 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.03428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Bialozyt
- Faculty of Biology, Conservation Biology; Philipps-Univ. of Marburg; Marburg Germany
- Northwest German Forest Research Inst.; Dept of Growth and Yield; Grätzelstrasse 2 DE-37079 Göttingen Germany
| | - Marc Niggemann
- Faculty of Biology, Conservation Biology; Philipps-Univ. of Marburg; Marburg Germany
| | - Birgit Ziegenhagen
- Faculty of Biology, Conservation Biology; Philipps-Univ. of Marburg; Marburg Germany
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Stevenson PR, Link A, Onshuus A, Quiroz AJ, Velasco M. Estimation of Seed Shadows Generated by Andean Woolly Monkeys (Lagothrix lagothricha lugens). INT J PRIMATOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-014-9795-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sengupta A, McConkey KR, Radhakrishna S. Seed dispersal by rhesus macaquesMacaca mulattain Northern India. Am J Primatol 2014; 76:1175-84. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Sengupta
- School of Natural Sciences and Engineering; National Institute of Advanced Studies; Indian Institute of Science Campus; Bangalore 560 012 India
| | - Kim R. McConkey
- School of Natural Sciences and Engineering; National Institute of Advanced Studies; Indian Institute of Science Campus; Bangalore 560 012 India
| | - Sindhu Radhakrishna
- School of Natural Sciences and Engineering; National Institute of Advanced Studies; Indian Institute of Science Campus; Bangalore 560 012 India
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Bialozyt R, Flinkerbusch S, Niggemann M, Heymann EW. Predicting the seed shadows of a Neotropical tree species dispersed by primates using an agent-based model with internal decision making for movements. Ecol Modell 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Albert A, Hambuckers A, Culot L, Savini T, Huynen MC. Frugivory and Seed Dispersal by Northern Pigtailed Macaques (Macaca leonina), in Thailand. INT J PRIMATOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-012-9649-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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12
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González-Varo JP, López-Bao JV, Guitián J. Functional diversity among seed dispersal kernels generated by carnivorous mammals. J Anim Ecol 2012; 82:562-71. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan P. González-Varo
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC); Avd. Américo Vespucio s/n, Isla de la Cartuja; 41092; Sevilla; Spain
| | - José V. López-Bao
- Grimsö Wildlife Research Station; Department of Ecology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU); SE-730 91; Riddarhyttan; Sweden
| | - José Guitián
- Departamento de Bioloxía Celular e Ecoloxía; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela; 15782; Santiago de Compostela; Spain
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