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Kaidzu S, Okuno T, Tanito M, Ohira A. Structural and Functional Change in Albino Rat Retina Induced by Various Visible Light Wavelengths. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:309. [PMID: 35008736 PMCID: PMC8745104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of visible light, from short to long wavelengths, on the retina were investigated functionally and histologically. The left eyes of Sprague-Dawley albino rats (6-weeks old, n = 6 for each wavelength) were exposed to seven narrow-band wavelengths (central wavelengths, 421, 441, 459, 501, 541, 581, and 615 nm) with bandwidths of 16 to 29 nm (half bandwidth, ±8-14.5 nm) using a xenon lamp source with bandpass filters at the retinal radiant exposures of 340 and 680 J/cm2. The right unexposed eyes served as controls. Seven days after exposure, flash electroretinograms (ERGs) were recorded, and the outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness was measured. Compared to the unexposed eyes, significant reductions in the a- and b-wave ERG amplitudes were seen in eyes exposed to 460-nm or shorter wavelengths of light. The ONL thickness near the optic nerve head also tended to decrease with exposure to shorter wavelengths. The decreased ERG amplitudes and ONL thicknesses were most prominent in eyes exposed to 420-nm light at both radiant exposures. When the wavelengths were the same, the higher the amount of radiant exposure and the stronger the damage. Compared to the unexposed eyes, the a- and b-waves did not decrease significantly in eyes exposed to 500-nm or longer wavelength light. The results indicate that the retinal damage induced by visible light observed in albino rats depends on the wavelength and energy level of the exposed light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Kaidzu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo 693-8501, Shimane, Japan; (T.O.); (M.T.); (A.O.)
| | - Tsutomu Okuno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo 693-8501, Shimane, Japan; (T.O.); (M.T.); (A.O.)
- Occupational Ergonomics Research Group, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8585, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaki Tanito
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo 693-8501, Shimane, Japan; (T.O.); (M.T.); (A.O.)
| | - Akihiro Ohira
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo 693-8501, Shimane, Japan; (T.O.); (M.T.); (A.O.)
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Massengill MT, Young B, Patel D, Jafri F, Sabogal E, Ash N, Li H, Ildefonso CJ, Lewin AS. Clinically Relevant Outcome Measures for the I307N Rhodopsin Mouse: A Model of Inducible Autosomal Dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:5417-5430. [PMID: 30452595 PMCID: PMC6237214 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The I307N rhodopsin (Rho) mouse is a light-inducible model of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP) that may be useful in testing therapies. We investigated the time-course of retinal changes of the I307N Rho mouse with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods SD-OCT was performed up to day 30 after light damage; electroretinography (ERG) was employed to evaluate photoreceptor function. We utilized ImageJ to analyze reflectivity of the retina. We used light and electron microscopy to assess retinal organization. We stained synaptophysin and zonula occludins-1 with immunohistochemistry to determine injury to the plexiform layers and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). We performed lectin staining to evaluate retinal blood vessels. Results Retinal degeneration increased with longer exposures to light. An increase in retinal thickness was detected by SD-OCT on day 1 after light challenge followed by loss of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) by day 8. Degeneration was most severe in the nasal and inferior retina. Hyper-reflectivity on SD-OCT developed as early as 1 day after light exposure. Disorganization of the ONL, condensation of photoreceptor chromatin, disruption of the outer limiting membrane, and disarray of outer segments were associated with the hyper-reflectivity. Retraction of the outer plexiform synapses and resorption of the subretinal detachment contributed to retinal thinning. The RPE remained intact, whereas atrophied major retinal vessels were evident after light damage. Conclusions Our time-course analysis of retinal degeneration in the I307N Rho mouse with SD-OCT and other outcome measures should enable the use of the mouse model in preclinical efficacy studies and mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Massengill
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Brianna Young
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Deep Patel
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Farwa Jafri
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Ernesto Sabogal
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Neil Ash
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Cristhian J Ildefonso
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Alfred S Lewin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States
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Nakamura M, Kuse Y, Tsuruma K, Shimazawa M, Hara H. The Involvement of the Oxidative Stress in Murine Blue LED Light-Induced Retinal Damage Model. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 40:1219-1225. [PMID: 28769003 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-01008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of study was to establish a mouse model of blue light emitting diode (LED) light-induced retinal damage and to evaluate the effects of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Mice were exposed to 400 or 800 lx blue LED light for 2 h, and were evaluated for retinal damage 5 d later by electroretinogram amplitude and outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness. Additionally, we investigated the effect of blue LED light exposure on shorts-wave-sensitive opsin (S-opsin), and rhodopsin expression by immunohistochemistry. Blue LED light induced light intensity dependent retinal damage and led to collapse of S-opsin and altered rhodopsin localization from inner and outer segments to ONL. Conversely, NAC administered at 100 or 250 mg/kg intraperitoneally twice a day, before dark adaptation and before light exposure. NAC protected the blue LED light-induced retinal damage in a dose-dependent manner. Further, blue LED light-induced decreasing of S-opsin levels and altered rhodopsin localization, which were suppressed by NAC. We established a mouse model of blue LED light-induced retinal damage and these findings indicated that oxidative stress was partially involved in blue LED light-induced retinal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maho Nakamura
- Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Molecular Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Yoshiki Kuse
- Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Molecular Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Kazuhiro Tsuruma
- Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Molecular Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Masamitsu Shimazawa
- Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Molecular Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Molecular Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
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Iliescu DA, Ciubotaru A, Ghiţă MA, Dumitru A, Zăgrean L. Effect of sevoflurane preconditioning on light-induced retinal damage in diabetic rats. Rom J Ophthalmol 2018; 62:24-33. [PMID: 29796431 PMCID: PMC5959021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia and bright light are powerful stress agents that produce an enhanced retinal damage, when simultaneously acting on retina. Previous studies have shown that preconditioning with sevoflurane anesthesia offers a certain degree of protection to retinal cells against light damage. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of sevoflurane anesthetic preconditioning on a model of light-induced retinal degeneration in diabetic rats. Wistar rats that were randomly divided into four groups: control (rats exposed to photostress), group 1 (rats exposed to photostress and sevoflurane preconditioning), group 2 (diabetic rats exposed to photostress), group 3 (diabetic rats exposed to photostress and sevoflurane preconditioning) were used for this experiment. We recorded basal electroretinogram (ERG), at 36 h and 14 days after photostress and performed histological analysis of the retina. Results showed that sevoflurane has a protective effect on light-induced neuroretinal degeneration proved by significantly less variations of the ERG before and after photostress. Diabetes appears to increase the damaging effect of photostress on retina and attenuate the protection provided by sevoflurane preconditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Adriana Iliescu
- Physiology Department, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Ophthalmology Department, "Dr. Carol Davila" Central Military University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandra Ciubotaru
- Physiology Department, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Aurelian Ghiţă
- Physiology Department, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Ophthalmology Department, University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adrian Dumitru
- Pathology Department, University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Leon Zăgrean
- Physiology Department, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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Fischer MD, McClements ME, Martinez-Fernandez de la Camara C, Bellingrath JS, Dauletbekov D, Ramsden SC, Hickey DG, Barnard AR, MacLaren RE. Codon-Optimized RPGR Improves Stability and Efficacy of AAV8 Gene Therapy in Two Mouse Models of X-Linked Retinitis Pigmentosa. Mol Ther 2017; 25:1854-1865. [PMID: 28549772 PMCID: PMC5542800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP) is generally a severe form of retinitis pigmentosa, a neurodegenerative, blinding disorder of the retina. 70% of XLRP cases are due to mutations in the retina-specific isoform of the gene encoding retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator (RPGRORF15). Despite successful RPGRORF15 gene replacement with adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors being established in a number of animal models of XLRP, progression to human trials has not yet been possible. The inherent sequence instability in the purine-rich region of RPGRORF15 (which contains highly repetitive nucleotide sequences) leads to unpredictable recombination errors during viral vector cloning. While deleted RPGR may show some efficacy in animal models, which have milder disease, the therapeutic effect of a mutated RPGR variant in patients with XLRP cannot be predicted. Here, we describe an optimized gene replacement therapy for human XLRP disease using an AAV8 vector that reliably and consistently produces the full-length correct RPGR protein. The glutamylation pattern in the RPGR protein derived from the codon-optimized sequence is indistinguishable from the wild-type variant, implying that codon optimization does not significantly alter post-translational modification. The codon-optimized sequence has superior stability and expression levels in vitro. Significantly, when delivered by AAV8 vector and driven by the rhodopsin kinase promoter, the codon-optimized RPGR rescues the disease phenotype in two relevant animal models (Rpgr−/y and C57BL/6JRd9/Boc) and shows good safety in C57BL6/J wild-type mice. This work provides the basis for clinical trial development to treat patients with XLRP caused by RPGR mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dominik Fischer
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, The John Radcliffe Hospital, Levels 5 & 6, West Wing, Headley Way, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK; University Eye Hospital, Center for Opthalmology, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Strasse 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michelle E McClements
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, The John Radcliffe Hospital, Levels 5 & 6, West Wing, Headley Way, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK
| | - Cristina Martinez-Fernandez de la Camara
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, The John Radcliffe Hospital, Levels 5 & 6, West Wing, Headley Way, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK
| | - Julia-Sophia Bellingrath
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, The John Radcliffe Hospital, Levels 5 & 6, West Wing, Headley Way, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK; University Eye Hospital, Center for Opthalmology, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Strasse 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniyar Dauletbekov
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, The John Radcliffe Hospital, Levels 5 & 6, West Wing, Headley Way, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK; University Eye Hospital, Center for Opthalmology, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Strasse 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Simon C Ramsden
- Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, M13 9WL Manchester, UK
| | - Doron G Hickey
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, The John Radcliffe Hospital, Levels 5 & 6, West Wing, Headley Way, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK
| | - Alun R Barnard
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, The John Radcliffe Hospital, Levels 5 & 6, West Wing, Headley Way, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK
| | - Robert E MacLaren
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, The John Radcliffe Hospital, Levels 5 & 6, West Wing, Headley Way, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK; Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, The John Radcliffe Hospital, West Wing, Headley Way, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK.
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Li W, Li G, Zhong Z, Xie B, Zhou Z, Gu W, Shi X, Tang T, Ai S, Fu H, Liu M, Liu M, Wu D, Hu Y, Peng G. Validation of an HPLC assay for determination of Telazol in pregnant pigs: application to placental transfer study. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:801-806. [PMID: 28302956 PMCID: PMC5402205 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Anesthetics utilized for the immobilization of pregnant mammals are prone to crossing the
placental barrier and cause adverse effects to the fetuses. In this study, we develop a
facile method employing high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the study of
Telazol crossing the placental barrier of pregnant pigs. The method mainly relies on the
efficient extraction strategy that includes the mobile phase composed of 10 mM ammonium
acetate aqueous solution-acetonitrile (1:4, v/v). When the injected dose of Telazol is 10
mg/kg (5 mg/kg of each constituent drug, zolazepem and tiletamine), zolazepam can cross
the placental barrier as it is detected in both uterus and umbilical cord with
approximately the same content. Conversely, tiletamine is detected in neither uterus nor
umbilical cord, indicating the absence of placental transfer of tiletamine. The different
absorption rates of the two dosage-equal compounds by pigs are found to be the main cause
of their different abilities to cross the placental barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, P. R. China
| | - Gangshi Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, P. R. China
| | - Zhijun Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, P. R. China
| | - Bingbing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, P. R. China
| | - Ziyao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, P. R. China
| | - Wuyang Gu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, P. R. China
| | - Xianpeng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, P. R. China
| | - Tianliang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, P. R. China
| | - Shengquan Ai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, P. R. China
| | - Hualin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, P. R. China
| | - Mengjiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, P. R. China
| | - Mengxi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, P. R. China
| | - De Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, P. R. China
| | - Yanchun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, P. R. China
| | - Guangneng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, P. R. China
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Lee BL, Kang JH, Kim HM, Jeong SH, Jang DS, Jang YP, Choung SY. Polyphenol-enriched Vaccinium uliginosum L. fractions reduce retinal damage induced by blue light in A2E-laden ARPE19 cell cultures and mice. Nutr Res 2016; 36:1402-1414. [PMID: 27993192 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols exert beneficial effects on vision. We hypothesized that polyphenol components of Vaccinium uliginosum L. (V.U.) extract protect retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells against blue light-induced damage. Our aim was to test extracts containing polyphenol components to ascertain effects to reduce damage against blue light in RPEs. We measured the activity in fractions eluted from water, ethanol, and HP20 resin (FH), and found that the FH fraction had the highest beneficial activity. We isolated the individual active compounds from the FH fraction using chromatographic techniques, and found that FH contained flavonoids, anthocyanins, phenyl propanoids, and iridoids. Cell cultures of A2E-laden ARPE-19 exposed to blue light after treatment with V.U. extract fractions and their individual constituents indicated improvement. V uliginosum L extract fractions and constituent compounds significantly reduced A2E photo-oxidation-induced RPE cell death and inhibited intracellular A2E accumulation. Furthermore, Balb/c male mice were exposed to blue light at 10000 lux for 1 h/d for 2 weeks to induce retinal damage. One week after the final blue light exposure, retinal damage evaluated revealed that the outer nuclear layer thickness and nuclei count were improved. Histologic examination of murine photoreceptor cells demonstrated that FH, rich in polyphenols, inhibited the loss of outer nuclear layer thickness and nuclei. Our findings suggest that V.U. extract and eluted fractions are a potential source of bioactive compounds that potentially serve a therapeutic approach for age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bom-Lee Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences of Pharmacy, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Kang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences of Pharmacy, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Mi Kim
- Department of Preventive Pharmacy and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hee Jeong
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Sik Jang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences of Pharmacy, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Preventive Pharmacy Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Pyo Jang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences of Pharmacy, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Young Choung
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences of Pharmacy, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Preventive Pharmacy and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Huh HD, Han YS, Chung IY, Seo SW, Park JM. A Case of Bilateral Maculopathy Caused by High-Voltage-Induced Spark Injury. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2016. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2016.57.1.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyoun Do Huh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Yong Seop Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
- Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - In Young Chung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
- Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Seong Wook Seo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
- Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jong Moon Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
- Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
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Oxidative stress and histological changes in a model of retinal phototoxicity in rabbits. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:637137. [PMID: 24991304 PMCID: PMC4058492 DOI: 10.1155/2014/637137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical damage occurs after an exposure to high energy radiation within the visible spectrum of light, causing morphological changes in the retina and the formation of superoxide anion. In this study we created a model of phototoxicity in rabbits. Animals were exposed to a light source for 120 minutes and were sacrificed immediately or one week after exposure. Outer nuclear layer and neurosensory retina thickness measurements and photoreceptor counting were performed. Caspase-1 and caspase-3 were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Dihydroethidium was used to evaluate in situ generation of superoxide and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were measured in retinal homogenates as indicators of lipid peroxidation. The total antioxidant capacity and oxidative ratio were also determined. Retinas from rabbits exposed to light showed higher levels of lipid peroxidation than the unexposed animals and a decrease in outer nuclear layer and neurosensory retina thickness. Our study demonstrates that light damage produces an increase in retinal oxidative stress immediately after light exposure that decreases one week after exposure. However, some morphological alterations appear days after light exposure including apoptotic phenomena. This model may be useful in the future to study the protective effect of antioxidant substances or new intraocular lenses with yellow filters.
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