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Dong CL, Che RX, Wu T, Qu QW, Chen M, Zheng SD, Cai XH, Wang G, Li YH. New Characterization of Multi-Drug Resistance of Streptococcus suis and Biofilm Formation from Swine in Heilongjiang Province of China. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12010132. [PMID: 36671333 PMCID: PMC9854593 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial resistance profiles and genotypes of Streptococcus suis in Heilongjiang Province, China. A total of 29 S. suis were isolated from 332 samples collected from 6 pig farms. The results showed that serotypes 2, 4 and 9 were prevalent, and all the clinical isolates were resistant to at least two antibacterial drugs. The most resisted drugs were macrolides, and the least resisted drugs were fluoroquinolones. Resistant genes ermB and aph (3')-IIIa were highly distributed among the isolates, with the detection rates of 79.31% and 75.86%. The formation of biofilm could be observed in all the isolated S. suis, among which D-1, LL-1 and LL-3 strains formed stronger biofilm structure than other strains. The results indicate that S. suis in Heilongjiang Province presents a multi-drug resistance to commonly used antimicrobial drugs, which was caused by the same target gene, the dissemination of drug resistance genes, and bacterial biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Liu Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150038, China
| | - Rui-Xiang Che
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163318, China
| | - Tong Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China
| | - Qian-Wei Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China
| | - Mo Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China
| | - Si-Di Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China
| | - Xue-Hui Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150008, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150008, China
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271002, China
- Correspondence: (G.W.); (Y.-H.L.)
| | - Yan-Hua Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150038, China
- Correspondence: (G.W.); (Y.-H.L.)
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2
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Hadjirin NF, Miller EL, Murray GGR, Yen PLK, Phuc HD, Wileman TM, Hernandez-Garcia J, Williamson SM, Parkhill J, Maskell DJ, Zhou R, Fittipaldi N, Gottschalk M, Tucker AW(D, Hoa NT, Welch JJ, Weinert LA. Large-scale genomic analysis of antimicrobial resistance in the zoonotic pathogen Streptococcus suis. BMC Biol 2021; 19:191. [PMID: 34493269 PMCID: PMC8422772 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01094-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is among the gravest threats to human health and food security worldwide. The use of antimicrobials in livestock production can lead to emergence of AMR, which can have direct effects on humans through spread of zoonotic disease. Pigs pose a particular risk as they are a source of zoonotic diseases and receive more antimicrobials than most other livestock. Here we use a large-scale genomic approach to characterise AMR in Streptococcus suis, a commensal found in most pigs, but which can also cause serious disease in both pigs and humans. RESULTS We obtained replicated measures of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for 16 antibiotics, across a panel of 678 isolates, from the major pig-producing regions of the world. For several drugs, there was no natural separation into 'resistant' and 'susceptible', highlighting the need to treat MIC as a quantitative trait. We found differences in MICs between countries, consistent with their patterns of antimicrobial usage. AMR levels were high even for drugs not used to treat S. suis, with many multidrug-resistant isolates. Similar levels of resistance were found in pigs and humans from regions associated with zoonotic transmission. We next used whole genome sequences for each isolate to identify 43 candidate resistance determinants, 22 of which were novel in S. suis. The presence of these determinants explained most of the variation in MIC. But there were also interesting complications, including epistatic interactions, where known resistance alleles had no effect in some genetic backgrounds. Beta-lactam resistance involved many core genome variants of small effect, appearing in a characteristic order. CONCLUSIONS We present a large dataset allowing the analysis of the multiple contributing factors to AMR in S. suis. The high levels of AMR in S. suis that we observe are reflected by antibiotic usage patterns but our results confirm the potential for genomic data to aid in the fight against AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazreen F. Hadjirin
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eric L. Miller
- grid.256868.70000 0001 2215 7365Microbial Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, Haverford College, Haverford, USA
| | - Gemma G. R. Murray
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Phung L. K. Yen
- grid.412433.30000 0004 0429 6814Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ho D. Phuc
- grid.412433.30000 0004 0429 6814Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thomas M. Wileman
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Juan Hernandez-Garcia
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Susanna M. Williamson
- grid.13689.350000 0004 0426 1697Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), London, UK
| | - Julian Parkhill
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Duncan J. Maskell
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XChancellery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rui Zhou
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Nahuel Fittipaldi
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada
| | - A. W. ( Dan) Tucker
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ngo Thi Hoa
- grid.412433.30000 0004 0429 6814Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - John J. Welch
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lucy A. Weinert
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Dechêne-Tempier M, Marois-Créhan C, Libante V, Jouy E, Leblond-Bourget N, Payot S. Update on the Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance and the Mobile Resistome in the Emerging Zoonotic Pathogen Streptococcus suis. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081765. [PMID: 34442843 PMCID: PMC8401462 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen causing important economic losses in swine production. The most commonly used antibiotics in swine industry are tetracyclines, beta-lactams, and macrolides. Resistance to these antibiotics has already been observed worldwide (reaching high rates for macrolides and tetracyclines) as well as resistance to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, amphenicols, and glycopeptides. Most of the resistance mechanisms are encoded by antibiotic resistance genes, and a large part are carried by mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that can be transferred through horizontal gene transfer. This review provides an update of the resistance genes, their combination in multidrug isolates, and their localization on MGEs in S. suis. It also includes an overview of the contribution of biofilm to antimicrobial resistance in this bacterial species. The identification of resistance genes and study of their localization in S. suis as well as the environmental factors that can modulate their dissemination appear essential in order to decipher the role of this bacterium as a reservoir of antibiotic genes for other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Dechêne-Tempier
- Anses Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Unité Mycoplasmologie, Bactériologie et Antibiorésistance, F-22440 Ploufragan, France; (M.D.-T.); (C.M.-C.); (E.J.)
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, DynAMic, F-54000 Nancy, France; (V.L.); (N.L.-B.)
| | - Corinne Marois-Créhan
- Anses Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Unité Mycoplasmologie, Bactériologie et Antibiorésistance, F-22440 Ploufragan, France; (M.D.-T.); (C.M.-C.); (E.J.)
| | - Virginie Libante
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, DynAMic, F-54000 Nancy, France; (V.L.); (N.L.-B.)
| | - Eric Jouy
- Anses Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Unité Mycoplasmologie, Bactériologie et Antibiorésistance, F-22440 Ploufragan, France; (M.D.-T.); (C.M.-C.); (E.J.)
| | | | - Sophie Payot
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, DynAMic, F-54000 Nancy, France; (V.L.); (N.L.-B.)
- Correspondence:
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Gautam V, Nimmanpipug P, Zain SM, Rahman NA, Lee VS. Molecular Dynamics Simulations in Designing DARPins as Phosphorylation-Specific Protein Binders of ERK2. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154540. [PMID: 34361694 PMCID: PMC8347146 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) play key roles in promoting cell survival and proliferation through the phosphorylation of various substrates. Remarkable antitumour activity is found in many inhibitors that act upstream of the ERK pathway. However, drug-resistant tumour cells invariably emerge after their use due to the reactivation of ERK1/2 signalling. ERK1/2 inhibitors have shown clinical efficacy as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of tumours with mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) upstream target mutations. These inhibitors may be used as a possible strategy to overcome acquired resistance to MAPK inhibitors. Here, we report a class of repeat proteins-designed ankyrin repeat protein (DARPin) macromolecules targeting ERK2 as inhibitors. The structural basis of ERK2-DARPin interactions based on molecular dynamics (MD) simulations was studied. The information was then used to predict stabilizing mutations employing a web-based algorithm, MAESTRO. To evaluate whether these design strategies were successfully deployed, we performed all-atom, explicit-solvent molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Two mutations, Ala → Asp and Ser → Leu, were found to perform better than the original sequence (DARPin E40) based on the associated energy and key residues involved in protein-protein interaction. MD simulations and analysis of the data obtained on these mutations supported our predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vertika Gautam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (V.G.); (S.M.Z.); (N.A.R.)
| | - Piyarat Nimmanpipug
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Analytical Science and Technology (I-ANALY-S-T), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sharifuddin Md Zain
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (V.G.); (S.M.Z.); (N.A.R.)
| | - Noorsaadah Abd Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (V.G.); (S.M.Z.); (N.A.R.)
| | - Vannajan Sanghiran Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (V.G.); (S.M.Z.); (N.A.R.)
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Analytical Science and Technology (I-ANALY-S-T), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence:
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Du F, Lv X, Duan D, Wang L, Huang J. Characterization of a Linezolid- and Vancomycin-Resistant Streptococcus suis Isolate That Harbors optrA and vanG Operons. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2026. [PMID: 31551963 PMCID: PMC6746840 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Linezolid and vancomycin are among the last-resort antimicrobial agents in the treatment of multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacterial infections. Linezolid- and vancomycin-resistant (LVR) Gram-positive bacteria may pose severe threats to public health. In this study, three optrA- and vanG-positive Streptococcus suis strains were isolated from two farms of different cities. There were only 1 and 343 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding region (cSNPs) of HCB4 and YSJ7 to YSJ17, respectively. Mobilome analysis revealed the presence of vanG, erm(B), tet(O/W/32/O), and aadE-apt-sat4-aphA3 cluster on an integrative and conjugative element, ICESsuYSJ17, and erm(B), aphA3, aac(6')-aph(2″), catpC194, and optrA on a prophage, ΦSsuYSJ17-3. ICESsuYSJ17 exhibited a mosaic structure and belongs to a highly prevalent and transferable ICESa2603 family of Streptococcus species. ΦSsuYSJ17-3 shared conserved backbone to a transferable prophage Φm46.1. A novel composite transposon, IS1216E-araC-optrA-hp-catpC194-IS1216E, which can be circulated as translocatable unit (TU) by IS1216E, was integrated on ΦSsuYSJ17-3. Vancomycin resistance phenotype and vanG transcription assays revealed that the vanG operon was inducible. The LVR strain YSJ17 exhibited moderate virulence in a zebrafish infection model. To our knowledge, this is the first report of LVR isolate, which is mediated by acquired resistance genes optrA and vanG operons in Gram-positive bacteria. Since S. suis has been recognized as an antimicrobial resistance reservoir in the spread of resistance genes to major streptococcal pathogens, the potential risks of disseminating of optrA and vanG from S. suis to other Streptococcus spp. are worrisome and routine surveillance should be strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanshu Du
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi Lv
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Duan Duan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liping Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinhu Huang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Huang J, Sun J, Wu Y, Chen L, Duan D, Lv X, Wang L. Identification and pathogenicity of an XDR Streptococcus suis isolate that harbours the phenicol-oxazolidinone resistance genes optrA and cfr, and the bacitracin resistance locus bcrABDR. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2019; 54:43-48. [PMID: 30981924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
One hundred and seven Streptococcus suis isolates were collected from healthy pigs or asymptomatic carriers in Jiangsu, China in 2016-2017. Thirty-eight percent of the isolates were linezolid-resistant and all carried the optrA gene. Among them, one isolate, SFJ44, was resistant to all 20 of the antibiotics tested, except for ceftiofur, and thus exhibited an extensively-drug-resistant phenotype. This isolate carried the optrA gene and the bacitracin resistance locus bcrABDR on an antibiotic-resistance-associated genomic island (ARGI1), and harboured the resistance genes cfr, aadE, sat4, spw-like, aphA3, mef(A), msr(D), erm(A)-like, erm(B), tetAB(P)', tet(M) and catQ on ARGI2∼4. The IS1216E-bcrABDR-ISEnfa1 segment showed >99.9% sequence identity to corresponding sequences from other species. The cfr gene was located on ARGI4, and two IS6 family insertion sequences, IS1216E and ISTeha2, were found upstream and downstream of cfr-ΔISEnfa5, respectively. A circular intermediate of bcrABDR-ISEnfa1 was detected, suggesting the role of ISEnfa1 in dissemination of bcrABDR. Other antibiotic resistance genes might be acquired from different Gram-positive pathogens. Infection of zebrafish showed that SFJ44 exhibited a virulence level comparable to serotype 2 hypervirulent strain SC070731, highlighting the need for surveillance of the pathogenicity of multi-drug-resistant S. suis isolates. This is the first report of the co-existence of optrA and cfr, and of the bcrABDR locus in streptococci. As it has been suggested that S. suis may act as an antibiotic resistance reservoir contributing to the spread of resistance genes to major streptococcal pathogens, the potential dissemination of these resistance genes among Gram-positive bacteria is of concern and routine surveillance should be strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhu Huang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junjie Sun
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanchang Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Duan Duan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi Lv
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liping Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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Huang J, Chen L, Li D, Wang M, Du F, Gao Y, Wu Z, Wang L. Emergence of a vanG-carrying and multidrug resistant ICE in zoonotic pathogen Streptococccus suis. Vet Microbiol 2018; 222:109-113. [PMID: 30080664 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Vancomycin resistance occurs frequently in Enterococcus species, but has not yet been reported in Streptococcus suis, a previously neglected, newly emergent zoonotic pathogen. In this study, we tested the vancomycin susceptibility of 256 human and swine S. suis isolates from 2005 to 2016 and analyzed the mechanism of vancomycin resistance. We found that one isolate BSB6 was resistant to vancomycin with the MIC value of 4 mg/L and to another eleven kinds of tested antimicrobial agents. Whole genome sequencing showed that chromosomal gene mutations, and acquired genes in ICESsuBSB6 accounted for the resistance phenotypes. ICESsuBSB6 was ∼83-kb in size and encoded two resistance gene regions, ARGR1 and ARGR2. ARGR1 harbored six resistance genes, namely erm(B), aadE-apt-sat4-aphA3 cluster and tet(O/W/32/O), and showed highes similarity with corresponding sequences of S. suis ICESsu32457 and Enterococcus faecalis plasmid pEF418. ARGR2 encoded a vanG-type resistance operon. The resistance region showed highest similarity to that of E. faecalis BM4518 vanG1, but the regulatory region was more similar to that of S. agalactiae GBS-NM vanG2. Vancomycin resistance in isolate BSB6 was inducible. The study is the first report of vanG-type resistance in zoonotic pathogen S. suis and highlights importance of its surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhu Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Li Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Daiwei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, China; Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Mengli Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fanshu Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yi Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zuowei Wu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Liping Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Hernandez-Garcia J, Wang J, Restif O, Holmes MA, Mather AE, Weinert LA, Wileman TM, Thomson JR, Langford PR, Wren BW, Rycroft A, Maskell DJ, Tucker AW. Patterns of antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus suis isolates from pigs with or without streptococcal disease in England between 2009 and 2014. Vet Microbiol 2017; 207:117-124. [PMID: 28757010 PMCID: PMC5548070 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus suis, a global zoonotic pathogen of pigs, has been mostly studied only in diseased animals using surveys that have not evaluated changes over time. We compared patterns of resistance between S. suis isolates from clinical cases of disease (CC) and non-clinical case (NCC) pigs in England, collected over two discrete periods, 2009-2011 and 2013-2014. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 17 antimicrobials (nine classes) were determined on 405 S. suis isolates categorised by sampling period and disease association to assess changes in resistance over time and association with disease. First, isolates were characterized as resistant or susceptible using published clinical breakpoints. Second, epidemiological cut-offs (ECOFF) were derived from MIC values, and isolates classified as wild type (WT) below the ECOFF and non-wild type (NWT) above the ECOFF. Finally, isolate subsets were analysed for shifts in MIC distribution. NCC isolates were more resistant than CC isolates to cephalosporins, penams, pleuromutilins, potentiated sulphonamides and tetracyclines in both study periods. Resistance levels among CC isolates increased in 2013-2014 relative to 2009-2011 for antimicrobials including aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, pleuromutilins, potentiated sulphonamides and tetracyclines. The prevalence of isolates categorised as NWT for five or more classes of antimicrobials was greater among NCC than CC isolates for both time periods, and increased with time. This study used standardised methods to identify significant shifts in antimicrobial resistance phenotypes of S. suis isolated from pigs in England, not only over time but also between isolates from known clinical cases or disease-free pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Hernandez-Garcia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.
| | - Jinhong Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.
| | - Olivier Restif
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.
| | - Mark A Holmes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.
| | - Alison E Mather
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.
| | - Lucy A Weinert
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.
| | - Thomas M Wileman
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.
| | - Jill R Thomson
- SAC Consulting: Veterinary Services, Bush State, Penicuik, EH26 0QE, Scotland, UK.
| | - Paul R Langford
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London, W2 1 PG, UK.
| | - Brendan W Wren
- Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
| | - Andrew Rycroft
- The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Campus, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK.
| | - Duncan J Maskell
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.
| | - Alexander W Tucker
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.
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Kumbhar BV, Borogaon A, Panda D, Kunwar A. Exploring the Origin of Differential Binding Affinities of Human Tubulin Isotypes αβII, αβIII and αβIV for DAMA-Colchicine Using Homology Modelling, Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156048. [PMID: 27227832 PMCID: PMC4882049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubulin isotypes are found to play an important role in regulating microtubule dynamics. The isotype composition is also thought to contribute in the development of drug resistance as tubulin isotypes show differential binding affinities for various anti-cancer agents. Tubulin isotypes αβII, αβIII and αβIV show differential binding affinity for colchicine. However, the origin of differential binding affinity is not well understood at the molecular level. Here, we investigate the origin of differential binding affinity of a colchicine analogue N-deacetyl-N-(2-mercaptoacetyl)-colchicine (DAMA-colchicine) for human αβII, αβIII and αβIV isotypes, employing sequence analysis, homology modeling, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation and MM-GBSA binding free energy calculations. The sequence analysis study shows that the residue compositions are different in the colchicine binding pocket of αβII and αβIII, whereas no such difference is present in αβIV tubulin isotypes. Further, the molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations results show that residue differences present at the colchicine binding pocket weaken the bonding interactions and the correct binding of DAMA-colchicine at the interface of αβII and αβIII tubulin isotypes. Post molecular dynamics simulation analysis suggests that these residue variations affect the structure and dynamics of αβII and αβIII tubulin isotypes, which in turn affect the binding of DAMA-colchicine. Further, the binding free-energy calculation shows that αβIV tubulin isotype has the highest binding free-energy and αβIII has the lowest binding free-energy for DAMA-colchicine. The order of binding free-energy for DAMA-colchicine is αβIV ≃ αβII >> αβIII. Thus, our computational approaches provide an insight into the effect of residue variations on differential binding of αβII, αβIII and αβIV tubulin isotypes with DAMA-colchicine and may help to design new analogues with higher binding affinities for tubulin isotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bajarang Vasant Kumbhar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anubhaw Borogaon
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dulal Panda
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ambarish Kunwar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, Maharashtra, India
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Fisher JF, Mobashery S. β-Lactam Resistance Mechanisms: Gram-Positive Bacteria and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2016; 6:cshperspect.a025221. [PMID: 27091943 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a025221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The value of the β-lactam antibiotics for the control of bacterial infection has eroded with time. Three Gram-positive human pathogens that were once routinely susceptible to β-lactam chemotherapy-Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecium, and Staphylococcus aureus-now are not. Although a fourth bacterium, the acid-fast (but not Gram-positive-staining) Mycobacterium tuberculosis, has intrinsic resistance to earlier β-lactams, the emergence of strains of this bacterium resistant to virtually all other antibiotics has compelled the evaluation of newer β-lactam combinations as possible contributors to the multidrug chemotherapy required to control tubercular infection. The emerging molecular-level understanding of these resistance mechanisms used by these four bacteria provides the conceptual framework for bringing forward new β-lactams, and new β-lactam strategies, for the future control of their infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jed F Fisher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670
| | - Shahriar Mobashery
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670
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Use of Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Resistance in Veterinary Medicine as Exemplified by the Swine Pathogen Streptococcus suis. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2016; 398:103-121. [PMID: 27738916 DOI: 10.1007/82_2016_506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Use of antimicrobial agents in veterinary medicine is essential to control infectious diseases, thereby keeping animals healthy and animal products safe for the consumer. On the other hand, development and spread of antimicrobial resistance is of major concern for public health. Streptococcus (S.) suis reflects a typical bacterial pathogen in modern swine production due to its facultative pathogenic nature and wide spread in the pig population. Thus, in the present review we focus on certain current aspects and problems related to antimicrobial use and resistance in S. suis as a paradigm for a bacterial pathogen affecting swine husbandry worldwide. The review includes (i) general aspects of antimicrobial use and resistance in veterinary medicine with emphasis on swine, (ii) genetic resistance mechanisms of S. suis known to contribute to bacterial survival under antibiotic selection pressure, and (iii) possible other factors which may contribute to problems in antimicrobial therapy of S. suis infections, such as bacterial persister cell formation, biofilm production, and co-infections. The latter shows that we hardly understand the complexity of factors affecting the success of antimicrobial treatment of (porcine) infectious diseases and underlines the need for further research in this field.
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In silico and experimental validation of protein-protein interactions between PknI and Rv2159c from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Mol Graph Model 2015; 62:283-293. [PMID: 26546727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions control the diverse and essential molecular processes inside the cell. To maintain the cellular physiology, protein kinases not only signal their substrates through reversible phosphorylation, but they also physically interact with them. PknI, a serine/threonine protein kinase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is known to be important for cellular homoeostasis. In this study, we have identified the interacting proteins for PknI. We screened for proteins interacting with PknI using an in vitro assay, Far-western blot. This protein kinase specifically interacts with two peroxidase proteins of M. tuberculosis, Rv2159c and Rv0148. The PknI-Rv2159c interaction pair was further studied for the critical amino acid residues in Rv2159c that are responsible for the interaction. Rv2159c, a hypothetical protein is predicted to be an antioxidant with peroxidase activity. We performed homology modelling of Rv2159c protein and molecular docking using multiple docking servers such as Z-Dock and ClusPro. Further, the most favorable conformation of PknI-Rv2159c interaction was obtained using molecular dynamics simulation. The critical amino acid residues of the Rv2159c involved in interaction with PknI were identified. Mutation and docking analysis showed that the Ala1-Gly2-Trp3 residues in Rv2159c structure are responsible for the interaction. The free binding energy between the wild type and mutant complexes using MM-GBSA has provided insight about the stability of PknI-Rv2159c interaction. We propose that, PknI physically interacts with Rv2159c both in vitro and in silico studies.
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GAP-initiated constitutive expression of a novel plectasin-derived peptide MP1106 by Pichia pastoris and its activity against Streptococcus suis. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
AbstractThis paper reviews information on antimicrobial resistance patterns and prudent use of antimicrobials to reduce the impact and spread of resistantStreptococcus suisstrains.S. suisis an important pathogen in swine, which can cause significant economic loss. Prudent use of antimicrobials forS. suisis essential to preserve the therapeutic efficacy of broad-spectrum antimicrobials and to minimize selection of resistantS. suisstrains. Resistance ofS. suisto antimicrobials commonly used in swine, including lincosamides, macrolides, sulphonamides, and tetracycline, has been documented worldwide, with resistance in up to 85% of strains. Among antimicrobials examined, resistance ofS. suishas been demonstrated to be relatively low for penicillin (0–27%), ampicillin (0.6–23%), and ceftiofur (0–23%). For penicillin, this result may be due in part to the unique mechanism by which resistance is acquired through modifications in the structure of penicillin-binding proteins. Recommendations to controlS. suisinfection include focused and careful choice and appropriate use of antimicrobials, together with preventive measures intended to improve swine management.
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