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Hurysz B, Evans BA, Laryea RN, Boyer BE, Coburn TE, Dexter MS, Edwards MA, Faulkner GV, Huss RL, Lafferty MM, Manning M, McNulty M, Melvin SJ, Mitrow CM, Patel RR, Pierce K, Russo J, Seminer AM, Sockett KA, Webster NR, Cole KE, Mowery P, Pelkey ET. Synthesis, Modeling, and Biological Evaluation of Anti-Tubulin Indole-Substituted Furanones. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023:129347. [PMID: 37236376 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Due to the central role of tubulin in various cellular functions, it is a validated target for anti-cancer therapeutics. However, many of the current tubulin inhibitors are derived from complex natural products and suffer from multidrug resistance, low solubility, toxicity issues, and/or the lack of multi-cancer efficacy. As such, there is a continued need for the discovery and development of new anti-tubulin drugs to enter the pipeline. Herein we report on a group of indole-substituted furanones that were prepared and tested for anti-cancer activity. Molecular docking studies showed positive correlations between favorable binding in the colchicine binding site (CBS) of tubulin and anti-proliferative activity, and the most potent compound was found to inhibit tubulin polymerization. These compounds represent a promising new structural motif in the search for small heterocyclic CBS cancer inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Hurysz
- Department of Biology, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY, 14456
| | - Blake A Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY, 14456
| | - Reuben N Laryea
- Department of Molecular Biology and Chemistry, Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA, 23606
| | - Brooke E Boyer
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY, 14456
| | - Taylor E Coburn
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY, 14456
| | - Molly S Dexter
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY, 14456; Department of Biology, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY, 14456
| | - Marissa A Edwards
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY, 14456
| | - Grace V Faulkner
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY, 14456
| | - Rebecca L Huss
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY, 14456
| | - Megan M Lafferty
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY, 14456
| | - Maegan Manning
- Department of Biology, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY, 14456
| | - Matthew McNulty
- Department of Biology, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY, 14456
| | - Sophia J Melvin
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY, 14456
| | - Christina M Mitrow
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY, 14456
| | - Roslyn R Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY, 14456
| | - Kelsey Pierce
- Department of Biology, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY, 14456
| | - Jack Russo
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY, 14456
| | - Allie M Seminer
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY, 14456
| | - Kaitlynn A Sockett
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY, 14456
| | - Nathan R Webster
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY, 14456
| | - Kathryn E Cole
- Department of Molecular Biology and Chemistry, Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA, 23606.
| | - Patricia Mowery
- Department of Biology, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY, 14456.
| | - Erin T Pelkey
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY, 14456.
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Qin R, You FM, Zhao Q, Xie X, Peng C, Zhan G, Han B. Naturally derived indole alkaloids targeting regulated cell death (RCD) for cancer therapy: from molecular mechanisms to potential therapeutic targets. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:133. [PMID: 36104717 PMCID: PMC9471064 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01350-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD) is a critical and active process that is controlled by specific signal transduction pathways and can be regulated by genetic signals or drug interventions. Meanwhile, RCD is closely related to the occurrence and therapy of multiple human cancers. Generally, RCD subroutines are the key signals of tumorigenesis, which are contributed to our better understanding of cancer pathogenesis and therapeutics. Indole alkaloids derived from natural sources are well defined for their outstanding biological and pharmacological properties, like vincristine, vinblastine, staurosporine, indirubin, and 3,3′-diindolylmethane, which are currently used in the clinic or under clinical assessment. Moreover, such compounds play a significant role in discovering novel anticancer agents. Thus, here we systemically summarized recent advances in indole alkaloids as anticancer agents by targeting different RCD subroutines, including the classical apoptosis and autophagic cell death signaling pathways as well as the crucial signaling pathways of other RCD subroutines, such as ferroptosis, mitotic catastrophe, necroptosis, and anoikis, in cancer. Moreover, we further discussed the cross talk between different RCD subroutines mediated by indole alkaloids and the combined strategies of multiple agents (e.g., 3,10-dibromofascaplysin combined with olaparib) to exhibit therapeutic potential against various cancers by regulating RCD subroutines. In short, the information provided in this review on the regulation of cell death by indole alkaloids against different targets is expected to be beneficial for the design of novel molecules with greater targeting and biological properties, thereby facilitating the development of new strategies for cancer therapy.
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Facile synthesis and anticancer activity of novel dihydropyrimidinone derivatives. POLISH JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/pjct-2022-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The enaminone, (2E)-3-(dimethylamino)-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl) prop-2-en-1-one was prepared by refluxing 3,4,5-trimethoxy acetophenone with dimethylformamide dimethylacetal (DMF–DMA) without solvent for 12 h. The dihydropyrimidinone derivatives (1–9) were prepared by reacting enaminone, substituted benzaldehydes and urea in glacial acetic acid. The compounds (1–9) were synthesized in significant yield using one step multicomponent reaction. Structures of all the novel synthesized compounds were characterized and confirmed by various spectroscopic methods. The compounds were evaluated for their anti-cancer activity against HepG2 cancer cell line. Compound 9 displayed significant anti-cancer activity. During the apoptotic assay, it showed a significant increase in necrosis from 1.97% to 12.18% as compared to the control. Mechanism of anti-proliferation was performed by cell cycle distribution assay, which showed a decrease in G2+M from 12.90 to 8.13 as compared to control.
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Shiah HS, Chiang NJ, Lin CC, Yen CJ, Tsai HJ, Wu SY, Su WC, Chang KY, Wang CC, Chang JY, Chen LT. Phase I Dose-Escalation Study of SCB01A, a Microtubule Inhibitor with Vascular Disrupting Activity, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors. Oncologist 2020; 26:e567-e579. [PMID: 33245172 DOI: 10.1002/onco.13612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
LESSONS LEARNED SCB01A is a novel microtubule inhibitor with vascular disrupting activity. This first-in-human study demonstrated SCB01A safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary antitumor activity. SCB01A is safe and well tolerated in patients with advanced solid malignancies with manageable neurotoxicity. BACKGROUND SCB01A, a novel microtubule inhibitor, has vascular disrupting activity. METHODS In this phase I dose-escalation and extension study, patients with advanced solid tumors were administered intravenous SCB01A infusions for 3 hours once every 21 days. Rapid titration and a 3 + 3 design escalated the dose from 2 mg/m2 to the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) based on dose-limiting toxicity (DLT). SCB01A-induced cellular neurotoxicity was evaluated in dorsal root ganglion cells. The primary endpoint was MTD. Safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and tumor response were secondary endpoints. RESULTS Treatment-related adverse events included anemia, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, fever, and peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy. DLTs included grade 4 elevated creatine phosphokinase (CPK) in the 4 mg/m2 cohort; grade 3 gastric hemorrhage in the 6.5 mg/m2 cohort; grade 2 thromboembolic event in the 24 mg/m2 cohort; and grade 3 peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy, grade 3 elevated aspartate aminotransferase, and grade 3 hypertension in the 32 mg/m2 cohort. The MTD was 24 mg/m2 , and average half-life was ~2.5 hours. The area under the curve-dose response relationship was linear. Nineteen subjects were stable after two cycles. The longest treatment lasted 24 cycles. SCB01A-induced neurotoxicity was reversible in vitro. CONCLUSION The MTD of SCB01A was 24 mg/m2 every 21 days; it is safe and tolerable in patients with solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Her-Shyong Shiah
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Jung Chiang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan.,Division of Oncology-Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Lin
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jui Yen
- Division of Oncology-Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Jen Tsai
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan.,Division of Oncology-Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Yin Wu
- Division of Oncology-Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chou Su
- Division of Oncology-Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kwang-Yu Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan.,Division of Oncology-Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | - Jang-Yang Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan.,Division of Oncology-Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tzong Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan.,Division of Oncology-Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohisung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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5
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Unravelling the diagnostic and therapeutic potentialities of a novel RNA aptamer isolated against human pituitary tumour transforming gene 1 (PTTG1) protein. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1138:181-190. [PMID: 33161980 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human Pituitary Tumour Transforming Gene 1 (PTTG1) is an oncoprotein involved in maintaining chromosome stability and acts as a biomarker for a panel of cancers. In this study, we endeavoured to generate an RNA aptamer against PTTG1. The RNA aptamer, SECURA-3 has an estimated equilibrium dissociation constant of 16.41 ± 6.4 nM. The aptamer was successfully harnessed in several diagnostic platforms including ELASA, aptamer-based dot blot and aptamer-based western blot. SECURA-3 was also unveiled as a potential probe that could replace its counterpart antibody in the histostaining-based detection of PTTG1 in HeLa and MCF-7 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded cell blocks. In the aspect of therapeutics, SECURA-3 RNA aptamer demonstrates an antagonistic effect by antagonizing the interaction between PTTG1 and CXCR2, as revealed in the in vitro competitive nitrocellulose filter binding assay and dual-luciferase reporter assay in HeLa cells. As the first anti-PTTG1 aptamer, SECURA-3 RNA aptamer has immense diagnostic and therapeutic properties.
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6
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Response of Myeloid Leukemia Cells to Luteolin is Modulated by Differentially Expressed Pituitary Tumor-Transforming Gene 1 (PTTG1) Oncoprotein. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041173. [PMID: 29649138 PMCID: PMC5979486 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Luteolin, a flavonoid nutraceutical abundant in vegetables and fruits, exhibits a wide range of bioactive properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. Pituitary tumor-transforming gene 1 (PTTG1), an oncoprotein that regulates cell proliferation, is highly expressed in several types of cancer cells including leukemia. In this study, we aim to investigate the anti-cancer effects of luteolin on cells with differential PTTG1 expression and their underlying mechanisms in human myeloid leukemia cells. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay data showed that luteolin (25–100 μM) significantly reduced cell viability in THP-1, HL-60 and K562 cells but did not affect normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Flow cytometric analysis and Western blot data demonstrated that luteolin induced a stronger apoptosis on undifferentiated myeloid leukemia cells with higher PTTG1 protein levels than on 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)- or all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA)-differentiated cells with lower PTTG1 expression. Furthermore, PTTG1 knockdown by shRNA in leukemia cells suppressed cell proliferation, arrested cell-cycle progression and impaired the effectiveness of luteolin on cell-cycle regulation. Moreover, PTTG1-knockdown cells with luteolin exposure presented a reduction of the apoptotic proteins and maintained higher levels of the anti-apoptotic proteins such as Mcl-1, Bcl-2 and p21, which exhibited greater resistance to apoptosis. Finally, microarray analysis showed that 20 genes associated with cell proliferation, such as CXCL10, VEGFA, TNF, TP63 and FGFR1, were dramatically down-regulated in PTTG1-knockdown cells. Our current findings clearly demonstrate that luteolin-triggered leukemic cell apoptosis is modulated by the differential expression of the PTTG1. PTTG1 oncoprotein overexpression may modulate cell proliferation-related regulators and enhance the response of myeloid leukemia cells to luteolin. Luteolin is beneficial for the treatment of cancer cells with highly expressed PTTG1 oncoprotein.
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7
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Tsai TC, Huang HP, Chang KT, Wang CJ, Chang YC. Anthocyanins from roselle extract arrest cell cycle G2/M phase transition via ATM/Chk pathway in p53-deficient leukemia HL-60 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:1290-1304. [PMID: 27444805 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell cycle regulation is an important issue in cancer therapy. Delphinidin and cyanidin are two major anthocyanins of the roselle plant (Hibiscus sabdariffa). In the present study, we investigated the effect of Hibiscus anthocyanins (HAs) on cell cycle arrest in human leukemia cell line HL-60 and the analyzed the underlying molecular mechanisms. HAs extracted from roselle calyces (purity 90%) markedly induced G2/M arrest evaluated with flow cytometry analysis. Western blot analyses revealed that HAs (0.1-0.7 mg mL-1 ) induced G2/M arrest via increasing Tyr15 phosphorylation of Cdc2, and inducing Cdk inhibitors p27 and p21. HAs also induced phosphorylation of upstream signals related to G2/M arrest such as phosphorylation of Cdc25C tyrosine phosphatase at Ser216, increasing the binding of pCdc25C with 14-3-3 protein. HAs-induced phosphorylation of Cdc25C could be activated by ATM checkpoint kinases, Chk1, and Chk2. We first time confirmed that ATM-Chk1/2-Cdc25C pathway as a critical mechanism for G2/M arrest in HAs-induced leukemia cell cycle arrest, indicating that this compound could be a promising anticancer candidate or chemopreventive agents for further investigation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1290-1304, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Chang Tsai
- Superintendent Office, Antai Medical Care Cooperation, Antai Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Pei Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Ting Chang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Jong Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ching Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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8
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Ge C, Chang L, Zhao Y, Chang C, Xu X, He H, Wang Y, Dai F, Xie S, Wang C. Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Naphthalimide Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22020342. [PMID: 28241441 PMCID: PMC6155709 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Two kinds of naphthalimide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for in vitro their anti-hepatocellular carcinoma properties. Compound 3a with a fused thiazole fragment to naphthalimide skeleton inhibited cell migration of SMMC-7721 and HepG2, and further in vivo trials with two animal models confirmed that compound 3a moderately inhibited primary H22 tumor growth (52.6%) and potently interrupted lung metastasis (75.7%) without obvious systemic toxicity at the therapeutic dose. Mechanistic research revealed that compound 3a inhibited cancerous liver cell growth mostly by inducing G2/M phase arrest. Western blotting experiments corroborated that 3a could up-regulate the cell cycle related protein expression of cyclin B1, CDK1 and p21, and inhibit cell migration by elevating the E-cadherin and attenuating integrin α6 expression. Our study showed that compound 3a is a valuable lead compound worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaochao Ge
- Pharmaceutical College, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China.
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China.
| | - Liping Chang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China.
| | - Ying Zhao
- Pharmaceutical College, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China.
| | - Congcong Chang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Xu
- Pharmaceutical College, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China.
| | - Haoying He
- Pharmaceutical College, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China.
| | - Yuxia Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China.
| | - Fujun Dai
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China.
| | - Songqiang Xie
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China.
| | - Chaojie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China.
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9
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Srivastava V, Lee H. Synthesis and bio-evaluation of novel quinolino-stilbene derivatives as potential anticancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:7629-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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10
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Wu SH, Wu TY, Hsiao YT, Lin JH, Hsu SC, Hsia TC, Yang ST, Hsu WH, Chung JG. Bufalin induces cell death in human lung cancer cells through disruption of DNA damage response pathways. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2014; 42:729-42. [PMID: 24871662 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x14500475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bufalin is a key component of a Chinese medicine (Chan Su) and has been proved effective in killing various cancer cells. Its role in inducing DNA damage and the inhibition of the DNA damage response (DDR) has been reported, but none have studied such action in lung cancer in detail. In this study, we demonstrated bufalin-induced DNA damage and condensation in NCI-H460 cells through a comet assay and DAPI staining, respectively. Western blotting indicated that bufalin suppressed the protein levels associated with DNA damage and repair, such as a DNA dependent serine/threonine protein kinase (DNA-PK), DNA repair proteins breast cancer 1, early onset (BRCA1), 14-3-3 σ (an important checkpoint keeper of DDR), mediator of DNA damage checkpoint 1 (MDC1), O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) and p53 (tumor suppressor protein). Bufalin could activate phosphorylated p53 in NCI-H460 cells. DNA damage in NCI-H460 cells after treatment with bufalin up-regulated its ATM and ATR genes, which encode proteins functioning as sensors in DDR, and also up-regulated the gene expression (mRNA) of BRCA1 and DNA-PK. But bufalin suppressed the gene expression (mRNA) of p53 and 14-3-3 σ, however, bufalin did not significantly affect the mRNA of MGMT. In conclusion, bufalin induced DNA damage in NCI-H460 cells and also inhibited its DNA repair and checkpoint function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Hwar Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC , Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Taiwan
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11
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Characterization of the antiproliferative potential and biological targets of a trans ketoimine platinum complex. Inorganica Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2014.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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12
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Baraz R, Cisterne A, Saunders PO, Hewson J, Thien M, Weiss J, Basnett J, Bradstock KF, Bendall LJ. mTOR inhibition by everolimus in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia induces caspase-independent cell death. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102494. [PMID: 25014496 PMCID: PMC4094511 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasingly, anti-cancer medications are being reported to induce cell death mechanisms other than apoptosis. Activating alternate death mechanisms introduces the potential to kill cells that have defects in their apoptotic machinery, as is commonly observed in cancer cells, including in hematological malignancies. We, and others, have previously reported that the mTOR inhibitor everolimus has pre-clinical efficacy and induces caspase-independent cell death in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Furthermore, everolimus is currently in clinical trial for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Here we characterize the death mechanism activated by everolimus in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. We find that cell death is caspase-independent and lacks the morphology associated with apoptosis. Although mitochondrial depolarization is an early event, permeabilization of the outer mitochondrial membrane only occurs after cell death has occurred. While morphological and biochemical evidence shows that autophagy is clearly present it is not responsible for the observed cell death. There are a number of features consistent with paraptosis including morphology, caspase-independence, and the requirement for new protein synthesis. However in contrast to some reports of paraptosis, the activation of JNK signaling was not required for everolimus-induced cell death. Overall in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells everolimus induces a cell death that resembles paraptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Baraz
- Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Adam Cisterne
- Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip O. Saunders
- Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - John Hewson
- Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Marilyn Thien
- Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Jocelyn Weiss
- Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Jordan Basnett
- Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Linda J. Bendall
- Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- * E-mail:
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13
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Wang X, Wu E, Wu J, Wang TL, Hsieh HP, Liu X. An antimitotic and antivascular agent BPR0L075 overcomes multidrug resistance and induces mitotic catastrophe in paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65686. [PMID: 23762410 PMCID: PMC3675084 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel plays a major role in the treatment of ovarian cancer; however, resistance to paclitaxel is frequently observed. Thus, new therapy that can overcome paclitaxel resistance will be of significant clinical importance. We evaluated antiproliferative effects of an antimitotic and antivascular agent BPR0L075 in paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer cells. BPR0L075 displays potent and broad-spectrum cytotoxicity at low nanomolar concentrations (IC50 = 2–7 nM) against both parental ovarian cancer cells (OVCAR-3, SKOV-3, and A2780-1A9) and paclitaxel-resistant sublines (OVCAR-3-TR, SKOV-3-TR, 1A9-PTX10), regardless of the expression levels of the multidrug resistance transporter P-gp and class III β-tubulin or mutation of β-tubulin. BPR0L075 blocks cell cycle at the G2/M phase in paclitaxel-resistant cells while equal concentration of paclitaxel treatment was ineffective. BPR0L075 induces cell death by a dual mechanism in parental and paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer cells. In the parental cells (OVCAR-3 and SKOV-3), BPR0L075 induced apoptosis, evidenced by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage and DNA ladder formation. BPR0L075 induced cell death in paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer cells (OVCAR-3-TR and SKOV-3-TR) is primarily due to mitotic catastrophe, evidenced by formation of giant, multinucleated cells and absence of PARP cleavage. Immunoblotting analysis shows that BPR0L075 treatment induced up-regulation of cyclin B1, BubR1, MPM-2, and survivin protein levels and Bcl-XL phosphorylation in parental cells; however, in resistant cells, the endogenous expressions of BubR1 and survivin were depleted, BPR0L075 treatment failed to induce MPM-2 expression and phosphorylation of Bcl-XL. BPR0L075 induced cell death in both parental and paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer cells proceed through caspase-3 independent mechanisms. In conclusion, BPR0L075 displays potent cytotoxic effects in ovarian cancer cells with a potential to overcome paclitaxel resistance by bypassing efflux transporters and inducing mitotic catastrophe. BPR0L075 represents a novel microtubule therapeutic to overcome multidrug resistance and trigger alternative cell death by mitotic catastrophe in ovarian cancer cells that are apoptosis-resistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas, United States of America
| | - Erxi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Jun Wu
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Tian-Li Wang
- Departments of Gynecology/Obstetrics and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hsing-Pang Hsieh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Xinli Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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