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Genome-wide siRNA screens identify RBBP9 function as a potential target in Fanconi anaemia-deficient head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma. Commun Biol 2023; 6:37. [PMID: 36639418 PMCID: PMC9839743 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04389-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anaemia (FA) is a rare chromosomal-instability syndrome caused by mutations of any of the 22 known FA DNA-repair genes. FA individuals have an increased risk of head-and-neck squamous-cell-carcinomas (HNSCC), often fatal. Systemic intolerance to standard cisplatin-based protocols due to somatic-cell hypersensitivity underscores the urgent need to develop novel therapies. Here, we performed unbiased siRNA screens to unveil genetic interactions synthetic-lethal with FA-pathway deficiency in FA-patient HNSCC cell lines. We identified based on differential-lethality scores between FA-deficient and FA-proficient cells, next to common-essential genes such as PSMC1, PSMB2, and LAMTOR2, the otherwise non-essential RBBP9 gene. Accordingly, low dose of the FDA-approved RBBP9-targeting drug Emetine kills FA-HNSCC. Importantly both RBBP9-silencing as well as Emetine spared non-tumour FA cells. This study provides a minable genome-wide analyses of vulnerabilities to address treatment challenges in FA-HNSCC. Our investigation divulges a DNA-cross-link-repair independent lead, RBBP9, for targeted treatment of FA-HNSCCs without systemic toxicity.
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Seo M, Lee S, Kim JH, Lee WH, Hu G, Elledge SJ, Suk K. RNAi-based functional selection identifies novel cell migration determinants dependent on PI3K and AKT pathways. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5217. [PMID: 25347953 PMCID: PMC6581447 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lentiviral short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated genetic screening is a powerful tool for identifying loss-of-function phenotype in mammalian cells. Here, we report the identification of 91 cell migration-regulating genes using unbiased genome-wide functional genetic selection. Individual knockdown or cDNA overexpression of a set of 10 candidates reveals that most of these cell migration determinants are strongly dependent on the PI3K/PTEN/AKT pathway and on their downstream signals, such as FOXO1 and p70S6K1. ALK, one of the cell migration promoting genes, uniquely uses p55γ regulatory subunit of PI3K, rather than more common p85 subunit, to trigger the activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway. Our method enables the rapid and cost-effective genome-wide selection of cell migration regulators. Our results emphasize the importance of the PI3K/PTEN/AKT pathway as a point of convergence for multiple regulators of cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minchul Seo
- 1] Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science &Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea [2] College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinrye Lee
- 1] Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science &Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea [2] Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Heon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science &Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ha Lee
- KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Guang Hu
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Institute of Environmental Health and Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Stephen J Elledge
- Department of Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science &Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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De Munter S, Köhn M, Bollen M. Challenges and opportunities in the development of protein phosphatase-directed therapeutics. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:36-45. [PMID: 23214403 DOI: 10.1021/cb300597g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphatases have both protective and promoting roles in the etiology of diseases. A prominent example is the existence of oncogenic as well as tumor-suppressing protein phosphatases. A few protein phosphatase activity modulators are already applied in therapies. These were however not developed in target-directed approaches, and the recent discovery of phosphatase involvement followed their application in therapy. Nevertheless, these examples demonstrate that small molecules can be generated that modulate the activity of protein phosphatases and are beneficial for the treatment of protein phosphorylation diseases. We describe here strategies for the development of activators and inhibitors of protein phosphatases and clarify some long-standing misconceptions concerning the druggability of these enzymes. Recent developments suggest that it is feasible to design potent and selective protein phosphatase modulators with a therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie De Munter
- Laboratory of Biosignaling & Therapeutics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maja Köhn
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg,
Germany
| | - Mathieu Bollen
- Laboratory of Biosignaling & Therapeutics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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