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Zhao W, Cao Y, Chen Y, Chen Y, Wang T, Li L, Xu Y, Yuan H, Wang H, Wang R, Sun W. NLRP3 Regulates Mandibular Healing through Interaction with UCHL5 in MSCs. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:936-949. [PMID: 36778113 PMCID: PMC9910010 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.78174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
NLRP3 has been involved in several physiological and pathological processes. However, the role and mechanism of NLRP3 activation in mandibular healing remain unclear. Here, a full-thickness mandibular defect model by osteotomy was established in wild-type (WT) and Prx1-Cre/ROSAnTnG mice to demonstrate the NLRP3 inflammasome activation in mandibular healing. We found that NLRP3 was activated in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-mediated mandibular healing and was prominent in Prx1+ cells. Inhibition of NLRP3 exerted a positive effect on bone formation without changing the number of Prx1-cre+ cells in the defect areas. In addition, NLRP3 deficiency promoted osteoblast differentiation. We next screened for the deubiquitinating enzymes that were previously reported to be associated with NLRP3, and identified UCHL5 as a regulator of NLRP3 activation in mandibular healing. Mechanistically, NLRP3 directly bound to UCHL5 and maintained its stability through reducing ubiquitin-proteasome pathway degradation in mandibular MSCs. At last, UCHL5 inhibition enhanced osteoblast differentiation by promoting NLRP3 ubiquitination and degradation. Thus, our results provided the proof that NLRP3 acted as a negative modulator in mandibular healing and extended the current knowledge regarding posttranslational modification of NLRP3 by UCHL5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Zhao
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Dental Implantology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanan Cao
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Dental Implantology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuyi Chen
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianxiao Wang
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Yuan
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruixia Wang
- Department of Dental Implantology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Sun
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
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2
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Björk C, Subramanian N, Liu J, Acosta JR, Tavira B, Eriksson AB, Arner P, Laurencikiene J. An RNAi Screening of Clinically Relevant Transcription Factors Regulating Human Adipogenesis and Adipocyte Metabolism. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6272286. [PMID: 33963396 PMCID: PMC8197287 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Healthy hyperplasic (many but smaller fat cells) white adipose tissue (WAT) expansion is mediated by recruitment, proliferation and/or differentiation of new fat cells. This process (adipogenesis) is controlled by transcriptional programs that have been mostly identified in rodents. OBJECTIVE A systemic investigation of adipogenic human transcription factors (TFs) that are relevant for metabolic conditions has not been revealed previously. METHODS TFs regulated in WAT by obesity, adipose morphology, cancer cachexia, and insulin resistance were selected from microarrays. Their role in differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hASC) was investigated by RNA interference (RNAi) screen. Lipid accumulation, cell number, and lipolysis were measured for all screened factors (148 TFs). RNA (RNAseq), protein (Western blot) expression, insulin, and catecholamine responsiveness were examined in hASC following siRNA treatment of selected target TFs. RESULTS Analysis of TFs regulated by metabolic conditions in human WAT revealed that many of them belong to adipogenesis-regulating pathways. The RNAi screen identified 39 genes that affected fat cell differentiation in vitro, where 11 genes were novel. Of the latter JARID2 stood out as being necessary for formation of healthy fat cell metabolic phenotype by regulating expression of multiple fat cell phenotype-specific genes. CONCLUSION This comprehensive RNAi screening in hASC suggests that a large proportion of WAT TFs that are impacted by metabolic conditions might be important for hyperplastic adipose tissue expansion. The screen also identified JARID2 as a novel TF essential for the development of functional adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christel Björk
- Lipid laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-14186, Sweden
| | - Narmadha Subramanian
- Lipid laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-14186, Sweden
| | - Jianping Liu
- Karolinska High Throughput Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (MBB), Division of Functional Genomics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Juan Ramon Acosta
- Lipid laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-14186, Sweden
| | - Beatriz Tavira
- Lipid laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-14186, Sweden
| | - Anders B Eriksson
- Karolinska High Throughput Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (MBB), Division of Functional Genomics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Peter Arner
- Lipid laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-14186, Sweden
| | - Jurga Laurencikiene
- Lipid laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-14186, Sweden
- Correspondence: Jurga Laurencikiene, PhD, Karolinska Institutet, Lipid laboratory, Dept. of Medicine Huddinge (MedH), NEO, Hälsovägen 9/Blickagången 16, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden.
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3
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Deol KK, Crowe SO, Du J, Bisbee HA, Guenette RG, Strieter ER. Proteasome-Bound UCH37/UCHL5 Debranches Ubiquitin Chains to Promote Degradation. Mol Cell 2020; 80:796-809.e9. [PMID: 33156996 PMCID: PMC7718437 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The linkage, length, and architecture of ubiquitin (Ub) chains are all important variables in providing tight control over many biological paradigms. There are clear roles for branched architectures in regulating proteasome-mediated degradation, but the proteins that selectively recognize and process these atypical chains are unknown. Here, using synthetic and enzyme-derived ubiquitin chains along with intact mass spectrometry, we report that UCH37/UCHL5, a proteasome-associated deubiquitinase, cleaves K48 branched chains. The activity and selectivity toward branched chains is markedly enhanced by the proteasomal Ub receptor RPN13/ADRM1. Using reconstituted proteasome complexes, we find that chain debranching promotes degradation of substrates modified with branched chains under multi-turnover conditions. These results are further supported by proteome-wide pulse-chase experiments, which show that the loss of UCH37 activity impairs global protein turnover. Our work therefore defines UCH37 as a debranching deubiquitinase important for promoting proteasomal degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirandeep K Deol
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Sean O Crowe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jiale Du
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Heather A Bisbee
- Molecular & Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Robert G Guenette
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Eric R Strieter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Molecular & Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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4
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Impact of Losing hRpn13 Pru or UCHL5 on Proteasome Clearance of Ubiquitinated Proteins and RA190 Cytotoxicity. Mol Cell Biol 2020; 40:MCB.00122-20. [PMID: 32631902 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00122-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
hRpn13/ADRM1 links substrate recruitment with deubiquitination at the proteasome through its proteasome- and ubiquitin-binding Pru domain and DEUBAD domain, which binds and activates deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) UCHL5/Uch37. Here, we edit the HCT116 colorectal cancer cell line to delete part of the hRpn13 Pru, producing cells that express truncated hRpn13 (trRpn13), which is competent for UCHL5 binding but defective for proteasome interaction. trRpn13 cells demonstrate reduced levels of proteasome-bound ubiquitinated proteins, indicating that the loss of hRpn13 function at proteasomes cannot be fully compensated for by the two other dedicated substrate receptors (hRpn1 and hRpn10). Previous studies indicated that the loss of full-length hRpn13 causes a corresponding reduction of UCHL5. We find UCHL5 levels unaltered in trRpn13 cells, but hRpn11 is elevated in ΔhRpn13 and trRpn13 cells, perhaps from cell stress. Despite the ∼90 DUBs in human cells, including two others in addition to UCHL5 at the proteasome, we found deletion of UCHL5 from HCT116 cells to cause increased levels of ubiquitinated proteins in whole-cell extract and at proteasomes, suggesting that UCHL5 activity cannot be fully assumed by other DUBs. We also report anticancer molecule RA190, which binds covalently to hRpn13 and UCHL5, to require hRpn13 Pru and not UCHL5 for cytotoxicity.
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5
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King SE, Nilsson E, Beck D, Skinner MK. Adipocyte epigenetic alterations and potential therapeutic targets in transgenerationally inherited lean and obese phenotypes following ancestral exposures. Adipocyte 2019; 8:362-378. [PMID: 31755359 PMCID: PMC6948971 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2019.1693747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of obesity has increased dramatically over the past two decades with a prevalence of approximately 40% of the adult population within the United States. The current study examines the potential for transgenerational adipocyte (fat cell) epigenetic alterations. Adipocytes were isolated from the gonadal fat pad of the great-grand offspring F3 generation 1-year old rats ancestrally exposed to DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane), atrazine, or vehicle control in order to obtain adipocytes for DNA methylation analysis. Observations indicate that there were differential DNA methylated regions (DMRs) in the adipocytes with the lean or obese phenotypes compared to control normal (non-obese or lean) populations. The comparison of epigenetic alterations indicated that there were substantial overlaps between the different treatment lineage groups for both the lean and obese phenotypes. Novel correlated genes and gene pathways associated with DNA methylation were identified, and may aid in the discovery of potential therapeutic targets for metabolic diseases such as obesity. Observations indicate that ancestral exposures during critical windows of development can induce the epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of DNA methylation changes in adipocytes that ultimately may contribute to an altered metabolic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E. King
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Eric Nilsson
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Daniel Beck
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Michael K. Skinner
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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6
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Luo K, Li L, Li Y, Wu C, Yin Y, Chen Y, Deng M, Nowsheen S, Yuan J, Lou Z. A phosphorylation-deubiquitination cascade regulates the BRCA2-RAD51 axis in homologous recombination. Genes Dev 2016; 30:2581-2595. [PMID: 27941124 PMCID: PMC5204351 DOI: 10.1101/gad.289439.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR) is one of the major DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair pathways in mammalian cells. Defects in HR trigger genomic instability and result in cancer predisposition. The defining step of HR is homologous strand exchange directed by the protein RAD51, which is recruited to DSBs by BRCA2. However, the regulation of the BRCA2-RAD51 axis remains unclear. Here we report that ubiquitination of RAD51 hinders RAD51-BRCA2 interaction, while deubiquitination of RAD51 facilitates RAD51-BRCA2 binding and RAD51 recruitment and thus is critical for proper HR. Mechanistically, in response to DNA damage, the deubiquitinase UCHL3 is phosphorylated and activated by ATM. UCHL3, in turn, deubiquitinates RAD51 and promotes the binding between RAD51 and BRCA2. Overexpression of UCHL3 renders breast cancer cells resistant to radiation and chemotherapy, while depletion of UCHL3 sensitizes cells to these treatments, suggesting a determinant role of UCHL3 in cancer therapy. Overall, we identify UCHL3 as a novel regulator of DNA repair and reveal a model in which a phosphorylation-deubiquitination cascade dynamically regulates the BRCA2-RAD51 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuntian Luo
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.,Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.,Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.,Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yunhui Li
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.,Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Chenming Wu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.,Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yujiao Yin
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.,Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yuping Chen
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.,Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Min Deng
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Somaira Nowsheen
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Jian Yuan
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.,Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.,Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Zhenkun Lou
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.,Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
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7
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Keane M, Semeiks J, Webb AE, Li YI, Quesada V, Craig T, Madsen LB, van Dam S, Brawand D, Marques PI, Michalak P, Kang L, Bhak J, Yim HS, Grishin NV, Nielsen NH, Heide-Jørgensen MP, Oziolor EM, Matson CW, Church GM, Stuart GW, Patton JC, George JC, Suydam R, Larsen K, López-Otín C, O'Connell MJ, Bickham JW, Thomsen B, de Magalhães JP. Insights into the evolution of longevity from the bowhead whale genome. Cell Rep 2015; 10:112-22. [PMID: 25565328 PMCID: PMC4536333 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) is estimated to live over 200 years and is possibly the longest-living mammal. These animals should possess protective molecular adaptations relevant to age-related diseases, particularly cancer. Here, we report the sequencing and comparative analysis of the bowhead whale genome and two transcriptomes from different populations. Our analysis identifies genes under positive selection and bowhead-specific mutations in genes linked to cancer and aging. In addition, we identify gene gain and loss involving genes associated with DNA repair, cell-cycle regulation, cancer, and aging. Our results expand our understanding of the evolution of mammalian longevity and suggest possible players involved in adaptive genetic changes conferring cancer resistance. We also found potentially relevant changes in genes related to additional processes, including thermoregulation, sensory perception, dietary adaptations, and immune response. Our data are made available online (http://www.bowhead-whale.org) to facilitate research in this long-lived species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Keane
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Jeremy Semeiks
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Departments of Biophysics and Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9050, USA
| | - Andrew E Webb
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Evolution Group, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Yang I Li
- MRC Functional Genomics Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Víctor Quesada
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Thomas Craig
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Lone Bruhn Madsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Sipko van Dam
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - David Brawand
- MRC Functional Genomics Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Patrícia I Marques
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pawel Michalak
- Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Lin Kang
- Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Jong Bhak
- Personal Genomics Institute, Genome Research Foundation, Suwon 443-270, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Soon Yim
- KIOST, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Ansan 426-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Nick V Grishin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Departments of Biophysics and Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9050, USA
| | | | | | - Elias M Oziolor
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research (CRASR) and Institute for Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Cole W Matson
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research (CRASR) and Institute for Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - George M Church
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gary W Stuart
- The Center for Genomic Advocacy (TCGA) and Department of Biology, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN 47809, USA
| | - John C Patton
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - J Craig George
- North Slope Borough, Department of Wildlife Management, Barrow, AK 99723, USA
| | - Robert Suydam
- North Slope Borough, Department of Wildlife Management, Barrow, AK 99723, USA
| | - Knud Larsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Carlos López-Otín
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mary J O'Connell
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Evolution Group, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - John W Bickham
- Battelle Memorial Institute, Houston, TX 77079, USA; Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Bo Thomsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - João Pedro de Magalhães
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK.
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8
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Filatova EV, Shadrina MI, Alieva AK, Kolacheva AA, Slominsky PA, Ugrumov MV. Expression analysis of genes of ubiquitin-proteasome protein degradation system in MPTP-induced mice models of early stages of Parkinson's disease. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2014; 456:116-8. [PMID: 24993970 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672914030107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common severe neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) region of the brain. However, causes and mechanisms of the development of this disorder are still not fully understood. At the same time, it is well known that dysfunction of the ubiquitin-proteasome protein degradation system (UPPDS) is one of the major mechanisms of the pathogenesis of PD. In this study we have investigated alterations in expression of Uchl3, Ubr7, Ube3c, Usp19, Usp39, Ube2k, Ube2d3, Ube2m, Ube2g1 genes, which are directly involved in the functioning of the UPPDS, using the real-time PCR in mice with the MPTP-induced pre-symptomatic and early symptomatic stages of PD. We have revealed reduction of expression of all genes studied in the striatum of brain in mice with the MPTP-induced pre-symptomatic and early symptomatic stages of PD and the majority of genes in the substantia nigra: Uchl3, Ubr7, Ube3c, Usp39, Ube2k, Ube2d3, Ube2g1 at pre-symptomatic stage and Uchl3, Ube3c, Usp39, Ube2k, Ube2m at early symptomatic stage of PD. Decreasing transcript levels of the genes studied may indicate decrease in the efficiency of the UPPDS on the whole which in turn may lead to the accumulation of abnormal proteins and toxic protein aggregates and subsequent death of the neurons. Thus, our findings appear to indicate that a violation of this system can play an important role in the development of pathogenic processes that occur at the earliest stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Filatova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics RAS, Moscow, Russia,
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9
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Early adipogenesis is regulated through USP7-mediated deubiquitination of the histone acetyltransferase TIP60. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2656. [PMID: 24141283 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional coregulators, including the acetyltransferase Tip60, have a key role in complex cellular processes such as differentiation. Whereas post-translational modifications have emerged as an important mechanism to regulate transcriptional coregulator activity, the identification of the corresponding demodifying enzymes has remained elusive. Here we show that the expression of the Tip60 protein, which is essential for adipocyte differentiation, is regulated through polyubiquitination on multiple residues. USP7, a dominant deubiquitinating enzyme in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and mouse adipose tissue, deubiquitinates Tip60 both in intact cells and in vitro and increases Tip60 protein levels. Furthermore, inhibition of USP7 expression and activity decreases adipogenesis. Transcriptome analysis reveals several cell cycle genes to be co-regulated by both Tip60 and USP7. Knockdown of either factor results in impaired mitotic clonal expansion, an early step in adipogenesis. These results reveal deubiquitination of a transcriptional coregulator to be a key mechanism in the regulation of early adipogenesis.
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10
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Gao Y, Kalkhoven E. TIPping the balance in adipogenesis: USP7-mediated stabilization of Tip60. Adipocyte 2014; 3:160-5. [PMID: 24719792 DOI: 10.4161/adip.28307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipogenesis is regulated by a complex interplay between transcription factors, in concert with-among others-transcriptional cofactors, signaling cascades and miRNAs. Several studies have implicated the transcriptional cofactor and acetyltransferase Tip60 in PPARγ signaling and adipocyte differentiation. Since Tip60 protein levels, but not mRNA levels, are upregulated during adipogenesis, and since Tip60 can be degraded by the proteasome, we hypothesized that Tip60 protein may be stabilized through deubiquitination during adipogenesis. Indeed, Tip60 is protected from proteasomal degeradation by the deubiquitinase USP7, which is particularly important for mitotic clonal expansion (MCE), an early step in adipogenesis. Besides this novel role in early differentiation, earlier studies indicated that Tip60 is also important during the later stages of differentiation, indicating a dual role for this protein in adipogenesis. Our recent study sheds new light on the role of Tip60 in cellular differentiation and provide new insights into the importance of a regulatory process that has not been studied intensively in adipogenesis: protein (de)ubiquitination.
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The serine/threonine phosphatase PPM1B (PP2Cβ) selectively modulates PPARγ activity. Biochem J 2013; 451:45-53. [PMID: 23320500 DOI: 10.1042/bj20121113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Reversible phosphorylation is a widespread molecular mechanism to regulate the function of cellular proteins, including transcription factors. Phosphorylation of the nuclear receptor PPARγ (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ) at two conserved serine residue (Ser(112) and Ser(273)) results in an altered transcriptional activity of this transcription factor. So far, only a very limited number of cellular enzymatic activities has been described which can dephosphorylate nuclear receptors. In the present study we used immunoprecipitation assays coupled to tandem MS analysis to identify novel PPARγ-regulating proteins. We identified the serine/threonine phosphatase PPM1B [PP (protein phosphatase), Mg(2+)/Mn(2+) dependent, 1B; also known as PP2Cβ] as a novel PPARγ-interacting protein. Endogenous PPM1B protein is localized in the nucleus of mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes where it can bind to PPARγ. Furthermore we show that PPM1B can directly dephosphorylate PPARγ, both in intact cells and in vitro. In addition PPM1B increases PPARγ-mediated transcription via dephosphorylation of Ser(112). Finally, we show that knockdown of PPM1B in 3T3-L1 adipocytes blunts the expression of some PPARγ target genes while leaving others unaltered. These findings qualify the phosphatase PPM1B as a novel selective modulator of PPARγ activity.
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