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Pollmann M, Kuhn D, König C, Homolka I, Paschke S, Reinisch R, Schmidt A, Schwabe N, Weber J, Gottlieb Y, Steidle JLM. New species based on the biological species concept within the complex of Lariophagus distinguendus (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Pteromalidae), a parasitoid of household pests. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10524. [PMID: 37720058 PMCID: PMC10500055 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The pteromalid parasitoid Lariophagus distinguendus (Foerster) belongs to the Hymenoptera, a megadiverse insect order with high cryptic diversity. It attacks stored product pest beetles in human storage facilities. Recently, it has been shown to consist of two separate species. To further study its cryptic diversity, strains were collected to compare their relatedness using barcoding and nuclear genes. Nuclear genes identified two clusters which agree with the known two species, whereas the barcode fragment determined an additional third Clade. Total reproductive isolation (RI) according to the biological species concept (BSC) was investigated in crossing experiments within and between clusters using representative strains. Sexual isolation exists between all studied pairs, increasing from slight to strong with genetic distance. Postzygotic barriers mostly affected hybrid males, pointing to Haldane's rule. Hybrid females were only affected by unidirectional Spiroplasma-induced cytoplasmic incompatibility and behavioural sterility, each in one specific strain combination. RI was virtually absent between strains separated by up to 2.8% COI difference, but strong or complete in three pairs from one Clade each, separated by at least 7.2%. Apparently, each of these clusters represents one separate species according to the BSC, highlighting cryptic diversity in direct vicinity to humans. In addition, these results challenge the recent 'turbo-taxonomy' practice of using 2% COI differences to delimitate species, especially within parasitic Hymenoptera. The gradual increase in number and strength of reproductive barriers between strains with increasing genetic distance also sheds light on the emergence of barriers during the speciation process in L. distinguendus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Pollmann
- Department of Chemical Ecology 190t, Institute of BiologyUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Denise Kuhn
- Department of Entomology 360c, Institute of PhytomedicineUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Christian König
- Akademie für Natur‐ und Umweltschutz Baden‐WürttembergStuttgartGermany
| | - Irmela Homolka
- Department of Chemical Ecology 190t, Institute of BiologyUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Sina Paschke
- Department of Chemical Ecology 190t, Institute of BiologyUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Ronja Reinisch
- Department of Chemical Ecology 190t, Institute of BiologyUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Anna Schmidt
- Department of Chemical Ecology 190t, Institute of BiologyUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Noa Schwabe
- Plant Evolutionary Biology 190b, Institute of BiologyUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Justus Weber
- Department of Chemical Ecology 190t, Institute of BiologyUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Yuval Gottlieb
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Koret School of Veterinary MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemRehovotIsrael
| | - Johannes Luitpold Maria Steidle
- Department of Chemical Ecology 190t, Institute of BiologyUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
- KomBioTa – Center of Biodiversity and Integrative TaxonomyUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
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Castillo R, Wurdack M, Pauli T, Keller A, Feldhaar H, Polidori C, Niehuis O, Schmitt T. Evidence for a chemical arms race between cuckoo wasps of the genus Hedychrum and their distantly related host apoid wasps. BMC Ecol Evol 2022; 22:138. [PMID: 36443667 PMCID: PMC9703671 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-022-02093-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brood parasites can exert strong selection pressure on their hosts. Many brood parasites escape their detection by mimicking sensory cues of their hosts. However, there is little evidence whether or not the hosts are able to escape the parasites' mimicry by changing these cues. We addressed this question by analyzing cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profiles of Cerceris and Philanthus wasps and their brood parasites, cuckoo wasps mimicking the CHC profiles of their hosts. Some of these hosts use hydrocarbons to preserve their prey against fungal infestation and thus, they cannot significantly change their CHC composition in response to chemical mimicry by Hedychrum brood parasites. RESULTS We found that the CHC overlap between brood parasites and their hosts was lower in case of host wasps not preserving their prey than in case of prey-preserving host wasps, whose CHC evolution is constrained. Furthermore, the CHC profiles in non-preserving host wasps is more strongly diversified in females than in males, thus in the sex that is chemically mimicked by brood parasites. CONCLUSION Our results provide evidence for a chemical arms race between those hosts that are liberated from stabilizing selection on their chemical template and their parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Castillo
- grid.8379.50000 0001 1958 8658Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocentre, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mareike Wurdack
- grid.8379.50000 0001 1958 8658Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocentre, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany ,grid.5963.9Department of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Freiburg, Hauptstraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Pauli
- grid.5963.9Department of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Freiburg, Hauptstraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany ,grid.7708.80000 0000 9428 7911Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Straße 153, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Keller
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XCellular and Organismic Networks, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Heike Feldhaar
- grid.7384.80000 0004 0467 6972Animal Population Ecology, Department of Animal Ecology I, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Carlo Polidori
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Oliver Niehuis
- grid.5963.9Department of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Freiburg, Hauptstraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmitt
- grid.8379.50000 0001 1958 8658Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocentre, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Gene arrangement and sequence of mitochondrial genomes yield insights into the phylogeny and evolution of bees and sphecid wasps (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 124:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Comparative genomics provides a timeframe for Wolbachia evolution and exposes a recent biotin synthesis operon transfer. Nat Microbiol 2016; 2:16241. [PMID: 28005061 DOI: 10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The genus Wolbachia (Alphaproteobacteria) comprises the most abundant inherited intracellular bacteria1. Despite their relevance as manipulators of human pathogen transmission2 and arthropod reproduction3, many aspects of their evolutionary history are not well understood4. In arthropods, Wolbachia infections are typically transient on evolutionary timescales5,6 and co-divergence between hosts and Wolbachia is supposedly rare. Consequently, much of our knowledge of Wolbachia genome evolution derives from very recently diverged strains, and a timescale for Wolbachia is lacking. Here, we investigated the genomes of four Wolbachia strains that have persisted within and co-diverged with their host lineage for ∼2 million years. Although the genomes showed very little evolutionary change on a nucleotide level, we found evidence for a recent lateral transfer of a complete biotin synthesis operon that has the potential to transform Wolbachia-host relationships7. Furthermore, this evolutionary snapshot enabled us to calibrate the divergence times of the supergroup A and B Wolbachia lineages using genome-wide data sets and relaxed molecular clock models. We estimated the origin of Wolbachia supergroups A and B to be ∼200 million years ago (Ma), which is considerably older than previously appreciated. This age coincides with the diversification of many insect lineages8 that represent most of Wolbachia's host spectrum.
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Klopfstein S, Kropf C, Baur H. Wolbachiaendosymbionts distort DNA barcoding in the parasitoid wasp genusDiplazon(Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Zool J Linn Soc 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seraina Klopfstein
- Department of Invertebrates; Naturhistorisches Museum der Burgergemeinde Bern; Bernastrasse 15 CH-3005 Bern Switzerland
- Division of Community Ecology; Institute of Ecology and Evolution; University of Bern; Baltzerstrasse 7 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Christian Kropf
- Department of Invertebrates; Naturhistorisches Museum der Burgergemeinde Bern; Bernastrasse 15 CH-3005 Bern Switzerland
- Division of Community Ecology; Institute of Ecology and Evolution; University of Bern; Baltzerstrasse 7 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Hannes Baur
- Department of Invertebrates; Naturhistorisches Museum der Burgergemeinde Bern; Bernastrasse 15 CH-3005 Bern Switzerland
- Division of Community Ecology; Institute of Ecology and Evolution; University of Bern; Baltzerstrasse 7 3012 Bern Switzerland
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König K, Krimmer E, Brose S, Gantert C, Buschlüter I, König C, Klopfstein S, Wendt I, Baur H, Krogmann L, Steidle JLM. Does early learning drive ecological divergence during speciation processes in parasitoid wasps? Proc Biol Sci 2015; 282:20141850. [PMID: 25621331 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.1850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Central to the concept of ecological speciation is the evolution of ecotypes, i.e. groups of individuals occupying different ecological niches. However, the mechanisms behind the first step of separation, the switch of individuals into new niches, are unclear. One long-standing hypothesis, which was proposed for insects but never tested, is that early learning causes new ecological preferences, leading to a switch into a new niche within one generation. Here, we show that a host switch occurred within a parasitoid wasp, which is associated with the ability for early learning and the splitting into separate lineages during speciation. Lariophagus distinguendus consists of two genetically distinct lineages, most likely representing different species. One attacks drugstore beetle larvae (Stegobium paniceum (L.)), which were probably the ancestral host of both lineages. The drugstore beetle lineage has an innate host preference that cannot be altered by experience. In contrast, the second lineage is found on Sitophilus weevils as hosts and changes its preference by early learning. We conclude that a host switch has occurred in the ancestor of the second lineage, which must have been enabled by early learning. Because early learning is widespread in insects, it might have facilitated ecological divergence and associated speciation in this hyperdiverse group.
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