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Nguyen JKB, Gómez-Picos P, Liu Y, Ovens K, Eames BF. Common features of cartilage maturation are not conserved in an amphibian model. Dev Dyn 2023; 252:1375-1390. [PMID: 37083105 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mouse, chick, and zebrafish undergo a highly conserved program of cartilage maturation during endochondral ossification (bone formation via a cartilage template). Standard histological and molecular features of cartilage maturation are chondrocyte hypertrophy, downregulation of the chondrogenic markers Sox9 and Col2a1, and upregulation of Col10a1. We tested whether cartilage maturation is conserved in an amphibian, the western clawed frog Xenopus tropicalis, using in situ hybridization for standard markers and a novel laser-capture microdissection RNAseq data set. We also functionally tested whether thyroid hormone drives cartilage maturation in X tropicalis, as it does in other vertebrates. RESULTS The developing frog humerus mostly followed the standard progression of cartilage maturation. Chondrocytes gradually became hypertrophic as col2a1 and sox9 were eventually down-regulated, but col10a1 was not up-regulated. However, the expression levels of several genes associated with the early formation of cartilage, such as acan, sox5, and col9a2, remained highly expressed even as humeral chondrocytes matured. Greater deviances were observed in head cartilages, including the ceratohyal, which underwent hypertrophy within hours of becoming cartilaginous, maintained relatively high levels of col2a1 and sox9, and lacked col10a1 expression. Interestingly, treating frog larvae with thyroid hormone antagonists did not specifically reduce head cartilage hypertrophy, resulting rather in a global developmental delay. CONCLUSION These data reveal that basic cartilage maturation features in the head, and to a lesser extent in the limb, are not conserved in X tropicalis. Future work revealing how frogs deviate from the standard cartilage maturation program might shed light on both evolutionary and health studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason K B Nguyen
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Patsy Gómez-Picos
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Katie Ovens
- Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - B Frank Eames
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Alccayhuaman KAA, Tangl S, Blouin S, Hartmann MA, Heimel P, Kuchler U, Lee JS, Gruber R. Osteoconductive Properties of a Volume-Stable Collagen Matrix in Rat Calvaria Defects: A Pilot Study. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070732. [PMID: 34202317 PMCID: PMC8301482 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Volume-stable collagen matrices (VSCM) are conductive for the connective tissue upon soft tissue augmentation. Considering that collagen has osteoconductive properties, we have investigated the possibility that the VSCM also consolidates with the newly formed bone. To this end, we covered nine rat calvaria circular defects with a VSCM. After four weeks, histology, histomorphometry, quantitative backscattered electron imaging, and microcomputed tomography were performed. We report that the overall pattern of mineralization inside the VSCM was heterogeneous. Histology revealed, apart from the characteristic woven bone formation, areas of round-shaped hypertrophic chondrocyte-like cells surrounded by a mineralized extracellular matrix. Quantitative backscattered electron imaging confirmed the heterogenous mineralization occurring within the VSCM. Histomorphometry found new bone to be 0.7 mm2 (0.01 min; 2.4 max), similar to the chondrogenic mineralized extracellular matrix with 0.7 mm2 (0.0 min; 4.2 max). Microcomputed tomography showed the overall mineralized tissue in the defect to be 1.6 mm3 (min 0.0; max 13.3). These findings suggest that in a rat cranial defect, VSCM has a limited and heterogeneous capacity to support intramembranous bone formation but may allow the formation of bone via the endochondral route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Alí Apaza Alccayhuaman
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental School, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (K.A.A.A.); (J.-S.L.)
- Karl Donath Laboratory for Hard Tissue and Biomaterial Research, Division of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (S.T.); (P.H.)
| | - Stefan Tangl
- Karl Donath Laboratory for Hard Tissue and Biomaterial Research, Division of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (S.T.); (P.H.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Medical University of Vienna, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stéphane Blouin
- 1st Medical Department, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, Hanusch Hospital, 1140 Vienna, Austria; (S.B.); (M.A.H.)
| | - Markus A. Hartmann
- 1st Medical Department, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, Hanusch Hospital, 1140 Vienna, Austria; (S.B.); (M.A.H.)
| | - Patrick Heimel
- Karl Donath Laboratory for Hard Tissue and Biomaterial Research, Division of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (S.T.); (P.H.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Medical University of Vienna, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Kuchler
- Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Jung-Seok Lee
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental School, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (K.A.A.A.); (J.-S.L.)
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Reinhard Gruber
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental School, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (K.A.A.A.); (J.-S.L.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Medical University of Vienna, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-40070-2660
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Cao Z, Huang S, Dou C, Xiang Q, Dong S. Cyanidin suppresses autophagic activity regulating chondrocyte hypertrophic differentiation. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:2332-2342. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cao
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
- Department of Anatomy; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Song Huang
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; The University of Western Australia; Nedlands Australia
| | - Ce Dou
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Qiang Xiang
- Department of Emergency; Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Shiwu Dong
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
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Abstract
The skeleton is an exquisitely sensitive and archetypal T3-target tissue that demonstrates the critical role for thyroid hormones during development, linear growth, and adult bone turnover and maintenance. Thyrotoxicosis is an established cause of secondary osteoporosis, and abnormal thyroid hormone signaling has recently been identified as a novel risk factor for osteoarthritis. Skeletal phenotypes in genetically modified mice have faithfully reproduced genetic disorders in humans, revealing the complex physiological relationship between centrally regulated thyroid status and the peripheral actions of thyroid hormones. Studies in mutant mice also established the paradigm that T3 exerts anabolic actions during growth and catabolic effects on adult bone. Thus, the skeleton represents an ideal physiological system in which to characterize thyroid hormone transport, metabolism, and action during development and adulthood and in response to injury. Future analysis of T3 action in individual skeletal cell lineages will provide new insights into cell-specific molecular mechanisms and may ultimately identify novel therapeutic targets for chronic degenerative diseases such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the current state of the art.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Duncan Bassett
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Graham R Williams
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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He Y, Siebuhr AS, Brandt-Hansen NU, Wang J, Su D, Zheng Q, Simonsen O, Petersen KK, Arendt-Nielsen L, Eskehave T, Hoeck HC, Karsdal MA, Bay-Jensen AC. Type X collagen levels are elevated in serum from human osteoarthritis patients and associated with biomarkers of cartilage degradation and inflammation. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2014; 15:309. [PMID: 25245039 PMCID: PMC4179849 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-15-309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disease, of which the pathogenesis is inadequately understood. Hypertrophy-like changes have been observed as part of the progression of OA. The aim of the study was to develop and characterize a novel biomarker of chondrocytes hypertrophy and investigate how this marker was associated with cartilage degradation and inflammation in patients with various degrees of OA. Methods A competitive ELISA, C-Col10, applying a well-characterized monoclonal antibody was developed as a biomarker of chondrocyte hypertrophy through measurement of type X collagen (ColX). The levels of C-Col10, C2M (matrix metalloproteinase-derived fragments of type II collagen) and hsCRP (high sensitive C-reactive protein) were quantified by ELISAs in serum of 271 OA patients stratified by Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) score 0–4. Associations between serum levels of the three biomarkers (log transformed) were analyzed by Pearson’s correlation and differences in C-Col10 levels between patients with high and low levels of inflammation measured by hsCRP were analyzed by ANOVA. Results We developed a C-Col10 assay measuring the C-terminus of ColX. We found significantly higher levels of ColX in patients with KL score 2 compared to patients with no radiographic evidence of OA (KL0) (p = 0.04). Levels of ColX were significantly elevated in OA patients with above normal hsCRP levels (p < 0.0001), as well as significantly correlated with levels of C2M (r = 0.55, p < 0.0001), which suggested that chondrocyte hypertrophy was associated with inflammation and cartilage degradation. There was no correlation between C2M and hsCRP. Age and BMI adjustment didn’t change the results. Immuno-staining revealed that ColX was predominately located around the hypertrophic chondrocytes and the clustered chondrocytes indicating that C-Col10 measures may be linked to cartilage hypertrophic changes. Conclusions We developed a novel assay, C-Col10, for measurement of chondrocyte hypertrophy and found its levels significantly elevated in OA patients with KL score of 2, and also in OA patients with above normal hsCRP levels. Concentration of C-Col10 strongly correlated with levels of C2M, a marker of cartilage destruction. The data suggest that chondrocyte hypertrophy and subsequent collagen X fragmentation seem to be increased in a subset of patients with inflammatory OA. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2474-15-309) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Ramadhin C, Pillay B, Olaniran AO. Cell-based assays for IGF-I bioactivity measurement: overview, limitations and current trends. Growth Factors 2014; 32:130-8. [PMID: 25060037 DOI: 10.3109/08977194.2014.939806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is an important growth promoting protein that is involved in numerous cellular responses and multiple biological systems. Although the molecular structure, function and recombinant production of IGF-I in various hosts have been the subject of much researches over the recent past, methods to determine the bioactivity of this protein have not been fully explored. Several assays have traditionally been used to measure IGF-I bioactivity, but have not become a routine laboratory practice due to the high cost involved and technical problems. Thus, there is still a need for a rapid, technically simple and accurate assay to determine IGF-I bioactivity. This review highlights the various cell-based assays currently commercially available for measuring the bioactivity of IGF-I along with their limitations. This is aimed at presenting the modern-day IGF researcher with a holistic overview of the current trends and future prospects regarding IGF-I bioactivity determinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Ramadhin
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban , Republic of South Africa
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