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Arif S, Akhter M, Khaliq A, Akhtar MW. Fusion peptide constructs from antigens of M. tuberculosis producing high T-cell mediated immune response. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271126. [PMID: 36174012 PMCID: PMC9521936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Non availability of effective anti-TB vaccine impedes TB control which remains a crucial global health issue. A fusion molecule based on immunogenic antigens specific to different growth phases of Mycobacterium tuberculosis can enhance T-cell responses required for developing a potent vaccine. In this study, six antigens including EspC, TB10.4, HspX, PPE57, CFP21 and Rv1352 were selected for constructing EspC-TB10.4 (bifu25), TnCFP21-Rv1352 (bifu29), HspX-EspC-TB10.4 (trifu37), HspX-TnCFP21-Rv1352 (trifu44) and HspX-EspC-TB10.4-PPE57 (tetrafu56) fusion proteins. Th1-cell epitopes of EspC, PPE57 and Rv1352 antigens were predicted for the first time using different in silico tools. The fusion molecule tetrafu56, which consisted of antigens from both the replicating and the dormant stages of Mtb, induced a release of 397 pg/mL of IFN-γ from PBMCs of the active TB patients. This response was comparable to the response obtained with cocktail of the component antigens (396 pg/mL) as well as to the total of the responses obtained separately for each of its component antigens (388 pg/mL). However, PBMCs from healthy samples in response to tetrafu56 showed IFN-γ release of only 26.0 pg/mL Thus a previous exposure of PBMCs to Mtb antigens in TB plasma samples resulted in 15-fold increase in IFN-γ response to tetrafu56 as compared to the PBMCs from the healthy controls. Hence, most of the T-cell epitopes of the individual antigens seem to be available for T-cell interactions in the form of the fusion. Further investigation in animal models should substantiate the immune efficacy of the fusion molecule. Thus, the fusion tetrafu56 seems to be a potential candidate for developing an effective multistage vaccine against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaista Arif
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohsina Akhter
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aasia Khaliq
- Department of Biology, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore, Pakistan
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2
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Jia Z, Gong W, Liang Y, Wu X, Zhao W. Prediction and analyses of HLA-II restricted Mycobacterium tuberculosis CD4 + T cell epitopes in the Chinese population. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:1002-1014. [PMID: 33886144 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine has been used to prevent tuberculosis (TB), but it cannot prevent adults against TB. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing strain is the most popular strain in China, but no vaccine is designed for the Beijing strain. It is vital to design a multiepitopes-based vaccine against the Beijing strain for the Chinese population. The bioinformatics tools were used to predict CD4+ T-cell epitopes in five protective antigens based on the Chinese population-specific alleles. The antigenicity, allergenicity, toxicity, IFN-γ level, population coverage, and three-dimensional structure were predicted using Vaxijen, AllerTOP, ToxinPred, IFN-γ epitope server, IEDB, and I-TASSER, respectively. One-hundred one promiscuous epitopes were obtained from Rv1813c, Rv2608, Rv3131, and Rv3628 proteins. After screening with antigenicity, allergenicity, toxicity, and IFN-γ level, seven epitopes from Rv2608 and Rv3131 proteins were selected to be vaccine candidates. Further study determined their three-dimensional structure and the coverage in the Chinese population as high as 99%. Our study predicted seven CD4+ T-cell dominant epitopes from the proteins Rv2608 and Rv3131 of M. tuberculosis Beijing strain for the first time, which may provide a basis for improving the design of multiepitopes-based vaccines for TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaixing Jia
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Institute for Tuberculosis Research, 8th Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China.,Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China
| | - Wenping Gong
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Institute for Tuberculosis Research, 8th Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Institute for Tuberculosis Research, 8th Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Xueqiong Wu
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Institute for Tuberculosis Research, 8th Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Weiguo Zhao
- Department of Respiration, 8th Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
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Salemi O, Noormohammadi Z, Bahrami F, Siadat SD, Ajdary S. Cloning, Expression and Purification of Espc, Espb and Espc/Espb Proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ESX-1 Secretion System. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 8:465-472. [PMID: 32582806 PMCID: PMC7275833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is estimated that one third of the world's population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of Tuberculosis (TB). The BCG vaccine is widely used to fight against TB; however, many question its ability to provide complete protection from Mtb. Recently, the "Region of Difference 1" (RD1) set of genes were shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of Mtb. Downstream of RD1 transcription region, two proteins are encoded, known as EspB and EspC, which were found to contribute to Mtb virulence.In this study these two proteins are targeted as potential vaccine candidates against TB. METHODS The EspB and EspC Mtb genes were codon-optimized for expression and synthesis in Escherichia coli (E. coli). The amplicons were cloned into a pET21a expression vector and transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3). The expression and purity of the expressed proteins (i.e. rEspC, rEspB and rEspC/EspB) were confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Moreover, BALB/c mice were immunized against Mtb using the recombinant proteins. Finally, the mice sera were analyzed via Western blotting. RESULTS EspC, EspB, and EspC/EspB fusion genes were cloned and expressed in E. coli. Both SDS-PAGE and Western blots confirmed the presence and successful purification of the desired proteins. Moreover, antisera produced against the purified recombinant proteins reacted with Mtb proteins. CONCLUSION rEspC, rEspB, and rEspC/EspB could be expressed and purified using an E. coli expression system. The recombinant proteins induced the production of antibodies in BALB/c mice that reacted with Mtb proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Salemi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Noormohammadi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fariborz Bahrami
- Pasteur Institute of Iran, Department of Immunology, 69 Pasteur Ave., Tehran 13169-43551, Iran.
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Pasteur Institute of Iran, Mycobacteriology and pulmonary research, 69 Pasteur Ave., Tehran, Iran.
| | - Soheila Ajdary
- Pasteur Institute of Iran, Department of Immunology, 69 Pasteur Ave., Tehran 13169-43551, Iran.
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Bazmara S, Shadmani M, Ghasemnejad A, Aghazadeh H, Pooshang Bagheri K. In silico rational design of a novel tetra-epitope tetanus vaccine with complete population coverage using developed immunoinformatics and surface epitope mapping approaches. Med Hypotheses 2019; 130:109267. [PMID: 31383332 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Presentation of many unwanted epitopes within tetanus toxoid vaccine to lymphocyte clones may lead to production of many unwanted antibodies. Moreover an ideal vaccine must cover all individuals in a population that is dependent to the kinds of human leukocyte antigen alleles. Concerning these issues, our study was aimed to in silico design of a multi-epitope tetanus vaccine (METV) in order to improve population coverage and protectivity of tetanus vaccine as well as reduction of complications. Concerning these issues, a novel rational filtration was implemented to design a novel METV using immunoinformatics and surface epitope mapping approaches. Prediction of epitopes for tetanus toxin was performed in the candidate country in which the frequency had been gathered from almost all geographical distributions. The most strong binder epitopes for major histocompatibility complex class II were selected and among them the surface epitopes of native toxin were selected. The population coverage of the selected epitopes was estimated. The final candidate epitopes had highly population coverage. Molecular docking was performed to prediction of binding affinity of our candidate epitopes to the HLA-DRB1 alleles. At first, 680 strong binder epitopes were predicted. Among them 11 epitopes were selected. Finally, 4 epitopes had the most population coverage and suggested as a tetra-epitope tetanus vaccine. 99.41% of inessential strong binders were deleted using our tree steps filtration. HLA-DP had the most roles in epitope presentation. Molecular docking analysis proved the strong binding affinity of candidate epitopes to the HLA-DRB1 alleles. In conclusion, we theoretically reduced 99.41% of unwanted antibodies using our novel filtration strategies. Our tetra-epitope tetanus vaccine showed 100% population coverage in the candidate country. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that HLA-DP and HLA-DQ had more potential in epitope presentation in comparison to HLA-DRB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Bazmara
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab., Biotechnology Dept., Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Shadmani
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab., Biotechnology Dept., Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Ghasemnejad
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab., Biotechnology Dept., Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Aghazadeh
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab., Biotechnology Dept., Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Pooshang Bagheri
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab., Biotechnology Dept., Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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The arms race between man and Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Time to regroup. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 66:361-375. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Chesson CB, Huante M, Nusbaum RJ, Walker AG, Clover TM, Chinnaswamy J, Endsley JJ, Rudra JS. Nanoscale Peptide Self-assemblies Boost BCG-primed Cellular Immunity Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12519. [PMID: 30131591 PMCID: PMC6104033 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31089-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is the only vaccine against TB and has limited protection efficacy, which wanes past adolescence. Multifunctional CD8+ T cells (IFN-γ+/TNF-α+/IL-2+) are associated with lower reactivation risk and enhanced control of active Mtb infection. Since boosting with BCG is contraindicated, booster vaccines that augment T cell immunity in the lungs of BCG-vaccinated individuals are urgently needed. We developed a vaccination strategy based on self-assembling peptide nanofibers presenting Mtb-specific CD8+ or CD4+ T cell epitopes that induce high frequency and antigen-specific effector memory T cells producing IFN-γ and IL-2. Intranasal immunization with peptide nanofibers was well tolerated in mice leading to increased antigen-specific CD8+ T cell population in the lungs. Co-assembled nanofibers of CD8+ T cell epitopes and toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) agonists induced a 8-fold expansion in multifunctional CD8+ T cell populations in the lungs of vaccinated mice. Aerosol challenge with Mtb in BCG-primed and nanofiber-boosted mice provided an additional 0.5-log CFU reduction in lung bacterial load and indicating enhanced protection compared to BCG alone. Together, these data suggest that heterologous prime-boost with BCG and peptide nanofiber vaccines induces cell mediated immunity in the lung, reduces bacterial burden, and is a potentially safer alternative for boosting BCG-primed immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles B Chesson
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08823, USA
| | - Matthew Huante
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Rebecca J Nusbaum
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Aida G Walker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 77555, Texas, USA
| | - Tara M Clover
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 77555, Texas, USA
| | - Jagannath Chinnaswamy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Janice J Endsley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
| | - Jai S Rudra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 77555, Texas, USA.
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
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Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) signal sequence enhances immunogenicity of MVA-based vaccine against tuberculosis. Immunol Lett 2017; 190:51-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Perez-Martinez AP, Ong E, Zhang L, Marrs CF, He Y, Yang Z. Conservation in gene encoding Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen Rv2660 and a high predicted population coverage of H56 multistage vaccine in South Africa. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 55:244-250. [PMID: 28941991 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
H56/AERAS-456+IC31 (H56), composed of two early secretion proteins, Ag85B and ESAT-6, and a latency associated protein, Rv2660, and the IC31 Intercell adjuvant, is a new fusion subunit vaccine candidate designed to induce immunity against both new infection and reactivation of latent tuberculosis infection. Efficacy of subunit vaccines may be affected by the diversity of vaccine antigens among clinical strains and the extent of recognition by the diverse HLA molecules in the recipient population. Although a previous study showed the conservative nature of Ag85B- and ESAT-6-encoding genes, genetic diversity of Rv2660c that encodes RV2660 is largely unknown. The population coverage of H56 as a whole yet remains to be assessed. The present study was conducted to address these important knowledge gaps. DNA sequence analysis of Rv2660c found no variation among 83 of the 84 investigated clinical strains belonging to four genetic lineages. H56 was predicted to have as high as 99.6% population coverage in the South Africa population using the Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) Population Coverage Tool. Further comparison of H56 population coverage between South African Blacks and Caucasians based on the phenotypic frequencies of binding MHC Class I and Class II supertype alleles found that all of the nine MHC-I and six of eight MHC-II human leukocyte antigen (HLA) supertype alleles analyzed were significantly differentially expressed between the two subpopulations. This finding suggests the presence of race-specific functional binding motifs of MHC-I and MHC-II HLA alleles, which, in turn, highlights the importance of including diverse populations in vaccine clinical evaluation. In conclusion, H56 vaccine is predicted to have a promising population coverage in South Africa; this study demonstrates the utility of integrating comparative genomics and bioinformatics in bridging animal and clinical studies of novel TB vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angy P Perez-Martinez
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, United States.
| | - Edison Ong
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, United States.
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, United States.
| | - Carl F Marrs
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, United States.
| | - Yongqun He
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology Department, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, United States; Center of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, United States.
| | - Zhenhua Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, United States.
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Hossain MS, Azad AK, Chowdhury PA, Wakayama M. Computational Identification and Characterization of a Promiscuous T-Cell Epitope on the Extracellular Protein 85B of Mycobacterium spp. for Peptide-Based Subunit Vaccine Design. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:4826030. [PMID: 28401156 PMCID: PMC5376426 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4826030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a reemerging disease that remains as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in humans. To identify and characterize a T-cell epitope suitable for vaccine design, we have utilized the Vaxign server to assess all antigenic proteins of Mycobacterium spp. recorded to date in the Protegen database. We found that the extracellular protein 85B displayed the most robust antigenicity among the proteins identified. Computational tools for identifying T-cell epitopes predicted an epitope, 181-QQFIYAGSLSALLDP-195, that could bind to at least 13 major histocompatibility complexes, revealing the promiscuous nature of the epitope. Molecular docking simulation demonstrated that the epitope could bind to the binding groove of MHC II and MHC I molecules by several hydrogen bonds. Molecular docking analysis further revealed that the epitope had a distinctive binding pattern to all DRB1 and A and B series of MHC molecules and presented almost no polymorphism in its binding site. Moreover, using "Allele Frequency Database," we checked the frequency of HLA alleles in the worldwide population and found a higher frequency of both class I and II HLA alleles in individuals living in TB-endemic regions. Our results indicate that the identified peptide might be a universal candidate to produce an efficient epitope-based vaccine for TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Saddam Hossain
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Abul Kalam Azad
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mamoru Wakayama
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
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Norrby M, Vesikari T, Lindqvist L, Maeurer M, Ahmed R, Mahdavifar S, Bennett S, McClain JB, Shepherd BM, Li D, Hokey DA, Kromann I, Hoff ST, Andersen P, de Visser AW, Joosten SA, Ottenhoff THM, Andersson J, Brighenti S. Safety and immunogenicity of the novel H4:IC31 tuberculosis vaccine candidate in BCG-vaccinated adults: Two phase I dose escalation trials. Vaccine 2017; 35:1652-1661. [PMID: 28216183 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel vaccine strategies are required to provide protective immunity in tuberculosis (TB) and prevent development of active disease. We investigated the safety and immunogenicity of a novel TB vaccine candidate, H4:IC31 (AERAS-404) that is composed of a fusion protein of M. tuberculosis antigens Ag85B and TB10.4 combined with an IC31® adjuvant. METHODS BCG-vaccinated healthy subjects were immunized with various antigen (5, 15, 50, 150μg) and adjuvant (0, 100, 500nmol) doses of the H4:IC31 vaccine (n=106) or placebo (n=18) in two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase I studies conducted in a low TB endemic setting in Sweden and Finland. The subjects were followed for adverse events and CD4+ T cell responses. RESULTS H4:IC31 vaccination was well tolerated with a safety profile consisting of mostly mild to moderate self-limited injection site pain, myalgia, arthralgia, fever and post-vaccination inflammatory reaction at the screening tuberculin skin test injection site. The H4:IC31 vaccine elicited antigen-specific CD4+ T cell proliferation and cytokine production that persisted 18weeks after the last vaccination. CD4+ T cell expansion, IFN-γ production and multifunctional CD4+ Th1 responses were most prominent after two doses of H4:IC31 containing 5, 15, or 50μg of H4 in combination with the 500nmol IC31 adjuvant dose. CONCLUSIONS The novel TB vaccine candidate, H4:IC31, demonstrated an acceptable safety profile and was immunogenic, capable of triggering multifunctional CD4+ T cell responses in previously BCG-vaccinated healthy individuals. These dose-escalation trials provided evidence that the optimal antigen-adjuvant dose combinations are 5, 15, or 50μg of H4 and 500nmol of IC31. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02066428 and NCT02074956.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Norrby
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Timo Vesikari
- Vaccine Research Center, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Lars Lindqvist
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus Maeurer
- TIM, Department of Laboratory Medicine and CAST, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raija Ahmed
- TIM, Department of Laboratory Medicine and CAST, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shahnaz Mahdavifar
- TIM, Department of Laboratory Medicine and CAST, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Adriëtte W de Visser
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Simone A Joosten
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Andersson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanna Brighenti
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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11
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Jeyanathan M, Damjanovic D, Yao Y, Bramson J, Smaill F, Xing Z. Induction of an Immune-Protective T-Cell Repertoire With Diverse Genetic Coverage by a Novel Viral-Vectored Tuberculosis Vaccine in Humans. J Infect Dis 2016; 214:1996-2005. [PMID: 27703038 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether a candidate tuberculosis vaccine induces clinically relevant protective T-cell repertoires in humans will not be known until the completion of costly efficacy clinical trials. METHODS We have developed an integrated immunologic approach to investigate the clinical relevance of T cells induced by a novel tuberculosis vaccine in a phase 1 trial. This approach consists of screening for likely dominant T-cell epitopes, establishing antigen-specific memory T-cell lines for identifying CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell epitopes, determining the ability of vaccine-induced T cells to inhibit mycobacterial growth in infected cells, and examining the genetic diversity of HLA recognition and the clinical relevance of identified T-cell epitopes. RESULTS A single-dose immunization in BCG-primed adults with an adenovirus-based tuberculosis vaccine elicits a repertoire of memory T cells capable of recognizing multiple Ag85A epitopes. These T cells are polyfunctional and cytotoxic and can inhibit mycobacterial growth in infected target cells. Some identified T-cell epitopes are promiscuous and recognizable by the common HLA alleles. These epitopes are clinically relevant to the epitopes identified in people with latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and treated patients with tuberculosis. CONCLUSIONS These data support further clinical development of this candidate vaccine. Our approach helps fill the gap in clinical tuberculosis vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangalakumari Jeyanathan
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Daniela Damjanovic
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Yushi Yao
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Jonathan Bramson
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Fiona Smaill
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Zhou Xing
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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12
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Hossain MU, Hashem A, Keya CA, Salimullah M. Therapeutics Insight with Inclusive Immunopharmacology Explication of Human Rotavirus A for the Treatment of Diarrhea. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:153. [PMID: 27445802 PMCID: PMC4917548 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe infant and childhood diarrhea worldwide, and the morbidity and mortality rate is going to be outnumbered in developing countries like Bangladesh. To mitigate this substantial burden of disease, new therapeutics such as vaccine and drug are swiftly required against rotavirus. The present therapeutics insight study was performed with comprehensive immunoinformatics and pharmacoinformatics approach. T and B-cell epitopes were assessed in the conserved region of outer capsid protein VP4 among the highly reviewed strains from different countries including Bangladesh. The results suggest that epitope SU1 (TLKNLNDNY) could be an ideal candidate among the predicted five epitopes for both T and B-cell epitopes for the development of universal vaccine against rotavirus. This research also suggests five novel drug compounds from medicinal plant Rhizophora mucronata Lamk. for better therapeutics strategies against rotavirus diarrhea based on 3D structure building, pharmacophore, ADMET, and QSAR properties. The exact mode of action between drug compounds and target protein VP4 were revealed by molecular docking analysis. Drug likeness and oral bioavailability further confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed drugs against rotavirus diarrhea. This study might be implemented for experimental validation to facilitate the novel vaccine and drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Uzzal Hossain
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Life Science Faculty, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Hashem
- Microbial Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Chaman Ara Keya
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, North South University Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Salimullah
- Molecular Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Mortier MC, Jongert E, Mettens P, Ruelle JL. Sequence conservation analysis and in silico human leukocyte antigen-peptide binding predictions for the Mtb72F and M72 tuberculosis candidate vaccine antigens. BMC Immunol 2015; 16:63. [PMID: 26493839 PMCID: PMC4619029 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-015-0119-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Requisites for an efficacious tuberculosis (TB) vaccine are a minimal genomic diversity among infectious Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains for the selected antigen, and the capability to induce robust T-cell responses in the majority of human populations. A tool in the identification of putative T-cell epitopes is in silico prediction of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-peptide binding. Candidate TB vaccine antigen Mtb72F and its successor M72 are recombinant fusion proteins derived from Mtb32A and Mtb39A (encoded by Rv0125 and Rv1196, respectively). Adjuvanted Mtb72F and M72 candidate vaccines were shown to induce CD4+ T-cell responses in European, US, African and Asian populations. Methods Sequence conservation of Mtb32A, Mtb39A, Mtb72F and M72 among 46 strains (prevalent Mycobacterium strains causing human TB disease, and H37Ra) was assessed by multiple alignments using ClustalX. For Mtb32A, Mtb39A and Mtb72F, 15-mer human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-class II-binding peptides were predicted for 158 DRB1 alleles prevailing in populations with high TB burden, 6 DRB3/4/5, 8 DQ and 6 DP alleles, using NetMHCII-pan-3.0. Results for 3 DRB1 alleles were compared with previously published allele-matched in vitro binding data. Additional analyses were done for M72. Nonameric MHC class I-binding peptides in Mtb72F were predicted for three alleles representative of class I supertypes A02, A03 and B07, using seven prediction algorithms. Results Sequence identity among strains was ≥98 % for each protein. Residue changes in Mtb39A comprised primarily single residue or nucleotide insertions and/or deletions in repeat regions, and were observed in 67 % of strains. For Mtb72F, 156 DRB1, 6 DRB3/4/5, 7 DQ and 5 DP alleles were predicted to contain at least one MHC class II-binding peptide, and class I-binding peptides were predicted for each HLA-A/B allele. Comparison of predicted MHC-II-binding peptides with experimental data indicated that the algorithm’s sensitivity and specificity were variable among alleles. Conclusions The sequences from which Mtb72F and M72 are derived are highly conserved among representative Mycobacterium strains. Predicted putative T-cell epitopes in M72 and/or Mtb72F covered a wide array of HLA alleles. In silico binding predictions for class I- and II-binding putative epitopes can be complemented with biochemical verification of HLA binding capacity, processing and immunogenicity of the predicted peptides. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12865-015-0119-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erik Jongert
- GSK Vaccines, Rue de l'Institut 89, 1330, Rixensart, Belgium.
| | - Pascal Mettens
- GSK Vaccines, Rue de l'Institut 89, 1330, Rixensart, Belgium.
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14
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Peña D, Rovetta AI, Hernández Del Pino RE, Amiano NO, Pasquinelli V, Pellegrini JM, Tateosian NL, Rolandelli A, Gutierrez M, Musella RM, Palmero DJ, Gherardi MM, Iovanna J, Chuluyan HE, García VE. A Mycobacterium tuberculosis Dormancy Antigen Differentiates Latently Infected Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-vaccinated Individuals. EBioMedicine 2015; 2:884-90. [PMID: 26425695 PMCID: PMC4563115 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
IFN-γ release assays (IGRAs) are better indicators of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection than the tuberculin skin test (TST) in Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG)-vaccinated populations. However, IGRAs do not discriminate active and latent infections (LTBI) and no gold standard for LTBI diagnosis is available. Thus, since improved tests to diagnose M. tuberculosis infection are required, we assessed the efficacy of several M. tuberculosis latency antigens. BCG-vaccinated healthy donors (HD) and tuberculosis (TB) patients were recruited. QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube, TST and clinical data were used to differentiate LTBI. IFN-γ production against CFP-10, ESAT-6, Rv2624c, Rv2626c and Rv2628 antigens was tested in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. LTBI subjects secreted significantly higher IFN-γ levels against Rv2626c than HD. Additionally, Rv2626c peptide pools to which only LTBI responded were identified, and their cumulative IFN-γ response improved LTBI discrimination. Interestingly, whole blood stimulation with Rv2626c allowed the discrimination between active and latent infections, since TB patients did not secrete IFN-γ against Rv2626c, in contrast to CFP-10 + ESAT-6 stimulation that induced IFN-γ response from both LTBI and TB patients. ROC analysis confirmed that Rv2626c discriminated LTBI from HD and TB patients. Therefore, since only LTBI recognizes specific epitopes from Rv2626c, this antigen could improve LTBI diagnosis, even in BCG-vaccinated people. Stimulation with Rv2626c M. tuberculosis antigen induced differential amounts of IFN-γ in LTBI individuals as compared to HD. The cumulative response to specific Rv2626c-derived peptide pools improved the discrimination of LTBI individuals from HD. PBMC or whole blood stimulation with Rv2626c differentiated latent from active infection (LTBI from TB patients).
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Affiliation(s)
- Delfina Peña
- Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), UBA (Universidad de Buenos Aires)-CONICET, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina ; Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana I Rovetta
- Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), UBA (Universidad de Buenos Aires)-CONICET, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina ; Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo E Hernández Del Pino
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás O Amiano
- Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), UBA (Universidad de Buenos Aires)-CONICET, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina ; Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Virginia Pasquinelli
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Joaquín M Pellegrini
- Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), UBA (Universidad de Buenos Aires)-CONICET, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina ; Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nancy L Tateosian
- Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), UBA (Universidad de Buenos Aires)-CONICET, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina ; Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustín Rolandelli
- Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), UBA (Universidad de Buenos Aires)-CONICET, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina ; Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marisa Gutierrez
- Sección Bacteriología de la Tuberculosis, Hospital General de Agudos "Dr. E. Tornu", Combatientes de Malvinas 3002, 1427 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rosa M Musella
- División Tisioneumonología Hospital F.J. Muñiz, Uspallata 2272, C1282AEN Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Domingo J Palmero
- División Tisioneumonología Hospital F.J. Muñiz, Uspallata 2272, C1282AEN Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María M Gherardi
- INBIRS, Facultad de Medicina, UBA, Paraguay 2155, C1121ABG Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Iovanna
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - H Eduardo Chuluyan
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Facultad de Medicina, UBA, Paraguay 2155, C1121ABG Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica E García
- Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), UBA (Universidad de Buenos Aires)-CONICET, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina ; Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Khan MK, Zaman S, Chakraborty S, Chakravorty R, Alam MM, Bhuiyan TR, Rahman MJ, Fernández C, Qadri F, Seraj ZI. In silico predicted mycobacterial epitope elicits in vitro T-cell responses. Mol Immunol 2014; 61:16-22. [PMID: 24853589 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Epitope-based vaccines permit the selection of only a specific subset of epitopes to induce the necessary immune response, thus providing a rational alternative to conventional design approaches. Using a range of immunoinformatics tools, we identified a novel, contiguous 28 amino acid multi-epitope cluster within the highly conserved secretory protein Ag85B of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. This cluster, named Ep85B, is composed of epitopes which bind to three HLA Class I and 15 Class II molecules, and harbors the potential to generate 99% population coverage in TB-endemic regions. We experimentally evaluated the capacity of Ep85B to elicit T-cell immune responses using whole blood cells and, as predicted, observed significant increases in populations of both CD4+ and memory CD4+ CD45RO+ T-cells. Our results demonstrate the practical utility of an epitope-based design methodology - a strategy that, following further evaluation, may serve as an additional tool for the development of novel vaccine candidates against TB and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Kawsar Khan
- Centre for Vaccine Sciences, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shabnam Zaman
- Centre for Vaccine Sciences, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sajib Chakraborty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mohammad Murshid Alam
- Centre for Vaccine Sciences, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Taufiqur Rahman Bhuiyan
- Centre for Vaccine Sciences, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Jubayer Rahman
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute (MBW), The Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Carmen Fernández
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute (MBW), The Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Firdausi Qadri
- Centre for Vaccine Sciences, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zeba I Seraj
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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16
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Tuberculosis vaccine with high predicted population coverage and compatibility with modern diagnostics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:1096-101. [PMID: 24395772 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1314973111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A central goal in vaccine research is the identification of relevant antigens. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis chromosome encodes 23 early secretory antigenic target (ESAT-6) family members that mostly are localized as gene pairs. In proximity to five of the gene pairs are ESX secretion systems involved in the secretion of the ESAT-6 family proteins. Here, we performed a detailed and systematic investigation of the vaccine potential of five possible Esx dimer substrates, one for each of the five ESX systems. On the basis of gene transcription during infection, immunogenicity, and protective capacity in a mouse aerosol challenge model, we identified the ESX dimer substrates EsxD-EsxC, ExsG-EsxH, and ExsW-EsxV as the most promising vaccine candidates and combined them in a fusion protein, H65. Vaccination with H65 gave protection at the level of bacillus Calmette-Guérin, and the fusion protein exhibited high predicted population coverage in high endemic regions. H65 thus constitutes a promising vaccine candidate devoid of antigen 85 and fully compatible with current ESAT-6 and culture filtrate protein 10-based diagnostics.
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17
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Kong H, Dong C, Xiong S. A novel vaccine p846 encoding Rv3615c, Mtb10.4, and Rv2660c elicits robust immune response and alleviates lung injury induced by Mycobacterium infection. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 10:378-90. [PMID: 24280763 DOI: 10.4161/hv.27121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of effective anti-tuberculosis (TB) vaccines is one of the important steps to improve control of TB. Cell-mediated immune response significantly affects the control of M. tuberculosis infection. Thus, vaccines able to elicit strong cellular immune response hold special advantages against TB. In this study, three well-defined mycobacterial antigens (Rv3615c, Mtb10.4 [Rv0228], and Rv2660c) were engineered as a novel triple-antigen fusion DNA vaccine p846. The p846 vaccine consists of a high density of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell epitopes. Intramuscular immunization of p846 induced robust T cells mediated immune response comparable to that of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination but more effective than that of individual antigen vaccination. After mycobacterial challenge, p846 immunization decreased bacterial burden at least 15-fold compared with individual antigen-based vaccination. Notably, the lungs of mice immunized with p846 exhibited fewer inflammatory cell infiltrates and less damage than those of control group mice. Our data demonstrate that the potential of p846 vaccine to protect against TB and the feasibility of this design strategy for further TB vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity; Institutes of Biology and Medical Science; Soochow University; Suzhou, PR China
| | - Chunsheng Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity; Institutes of Biology and Medical Science; Soochow University; Suzhou, PR China
| | - Sidong Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity; Institutes of Biology and Medical Science; Soochow University; Suzhou, PR China
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Ovsyannikova IG, Pankratz VS, Vierkant RA, Pajewski NM, Quinn CP, Kaslow RA, Jacobson RM, Poland GA. Human leukocyte antigens and cellular immune responses to anthrax vaccine adsorbed. Infect Immun 2013; 81:2584-91. [PMID: 23649091 PMCID: PMC3697592 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00269-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Interindividual variations in vaccine-induced immune responses are in part due to host genetic polymorphisms in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and other gene families. This study examined associations between HLA genotypes, haplotypes, and homozygosity and protective antigen (PA)-specific cellular immune responses in healthy subjects following immunization with Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed (AVA). While limited associations were observed between individual HLA alleles or haplotypes and variable lymphocyte proliferative (LP) responses to AVA, analyses of homozygosity supported the hypothesis of a "heterozygote advantage." Individuals who were homozygous for any HLA locus demonstrated significantly lower PA-specific LP than subjects who were heterozygous at all eight loci (median stimulation indices [SI], 1.84 versus 2.95, P = 0.009). Similarly, we found that class I (HLA-A) and class II (HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1) homozygosity was significantly associated with an overall decrease in LP compared with heterozygosity at those three loci. Specifically, individuals who were homozygous at these loci had significantly lower PA-specific LP than subjects heterozygous for HLA-A (median SI, 1.48 versus 2.13, P = 0.005), HLA-DQA1 (median SI, 1.75 versus 2.11, P = 0.007), and HLA-DQB1 (median SI, 1.48 versus 2.13, P = 0.002) loci, respectively. Finally, homozygosity at an increasing number (≥ 4) of HLA loci was significantly correlated with a reduction in LP response (P < 0.001) in a dose-dependent manner. Additional studies are needed to reproduce these findings and determine whether HLA-heterozygous individuals generate stronger cellular immune response to other virulence factors (Bacillus anthracis LF and EF) than HLA-homozygous subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna G. Ovsyannikova
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Program in Translational Immunovirology and Biodefense, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - V. Shane Pankratz
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robert A. Vierkant
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nicholas M. Pajewski
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Conrad P. Quinn
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Richard A. Kaslow
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Robert M. Jacobson
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gregory A. Poland
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Program in Translational Immunovirology and Biodefense, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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