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Hussein RA, Al-Kubaisy SH, Al-Ouqaili MTS. The influence of efflux pump, outer membrane permeability and β-lactamase production on the resistance profile of multi, extensively and pandrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Infect Public Health 2024; 17:102544. [PMID: 39321604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An important chance of nosocomial acquired infections are caused by the opportunistic bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae. Urine, wound, sputum, and blood samples were collected from all patients. This study aimed to detect the antibiotic resistance profile, the frequency of MDR, XDR, PDR, and detection of efflux pump and outer membrane permeability genes in K. pneumoniae isolates. METHODS One hundred twenty samples were collected from patients who were admitted to the Ramadi Teaching Hospitals in Al-Anbar Governorate. Fifty five of K. pneumoniae strains were collected from patients. The VITEK®2 Compact B System was used to detect the antibiotic resistance pattern of studied bacteria. The isolates were classified as MDR, XDR, or PDR based on established guidelines. The data were analyzed using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) breakpoints. PCR was used to detect the efflux pumps and porins genes. RESULTS Out of the 120 samples studied, 45.83 % (55) tested positive for K. pneumoniae. The isolates displayed the greatest amount of resistance to cefazolin, ceftriaxone (98.2 %), ampicillin (100 %), and ceftazidime, cefepime (90.9 %). 20 % of the isolates were found to produce metallo-lactamases, and 41.81 % tested positive for extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. Overall, the rates of multi-drug resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and pandrug-resistant (PDR) isolates were 57.2 %, 10.9 %, and 9.09 %, respectively. Additionally, the prevalence of efflux pump genes acrAB, mdtK, and tolC were 94.54 %, 14.54 %, and 89.09 %, respectively, while the porin-encoding genes ompK35 and ompK36 were found in 96.36 % and 98.18 % of the isolates. CONCLUSION This investigation concluded that the study isolates had a high degree of antibiotic resistance heterogenicity. High frequencies of resistance to ampicillin, cefazolin, and ceftriaxone are present in study isolates. Most strains were categorized as MDR strains, with six being XDR strains and five being PDR strains. One of the main routes of antibiotic resistance in multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae strains is through the acrAB efflux system. The high prevalence of the acrAB, tolC, ompk35, and ompK36 genes were increases the ability of these isolates combat antimicrobial treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawaa A Hussein
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Anbar, Al-Anbar Governorate, Ramadi, Iraq.
| | - Shaymaa H Al-Kubaisy
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Anbar, Al-Anbar Governorate, Ramadi, Iraq.
| | - Mushtak T S Al-Ouqaili
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Anbar, Al-Anbar Governorate, Ramadi, Iraq.
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Rezaei S, Tajbakhsh S, Naeimi B, Yousefi F. Investigation of gyrA and parC mutations and the prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:265. [PMID: 39026143 PMCID: PMC11256406 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03383-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of fluoroquinolone resistance in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae is a growing concern. To investigate the mechanisms behind this resistance, we studied a total of 215 K. pneumoniae isolates from hospitals in Bushehr province, Iran, collected between 2017 and 2019. Antimicrobial susceptibility test for fluoroquinolones was determined. The presence of plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) and mutations in quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of gyrA and parC genes in ciprofloxacin-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates were identified by PCR and sequencing. RESULTS Out of 215 K. pneumoniae isolates, 40 were resistant to ciprofloxacin as determined by E-test method. PCR analysis revealed that among these ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates, 13 (32.5%), 7 (17.5%), 40 (100%), and 25 (62.5%) isolates harbored qnrB, qnrS, oqxA and aac(6')-Ib-cr genes, respectively. Mutation analysis of gyrA and parC genes showed that 35 (87.5%) and 34 (85%) of the ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates had mutations in these genes, respectively. The most frequent mutations were observed in codon 83 of gyrA and codon 80 of parC gene. Single gyrA substitution, Ser83→ Ile and Asp87→Gly, and double substitutions, Ser83→Phe plus Asp87→Ala, Ser83→Tyr plus Asp87→Ala, Ser83→Ile plus Asp87→Tyr, Ser83→Phe plus Asp87→Asn and Ser83→Ile plus Asp87→Gly were detected. In addition, Ser80→Ile and Glu84→Lys single substitution were found in parC gene. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that 90% of isolates have at least one mutation in QRDR of gyrA orparC genes, thus the frequency of mutations was very significant and alarming in our region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Rezaei
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Saeed Tajbakhsh
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Behrouz Naeimi
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Forough Yousefi
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
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Mohammed R, Nader SM, Hamza DA, Sabry MA. Occurrence of carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae in oysters in Egypt: a significant public health issue. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2024; 23:53. [PMID: 38886796 PMCID: PMC11184735 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-024-00711-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global dissemination of critical-priority carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-hvKp) via food sources represents a significant public health concern. Epidemiological data on CR-hvKp in oysters in Egypt is limited. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of oysters sold in Egypt as a source for carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP), hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKp), and CR-hvKp and assess associated zoonotic risks. METHODS A sample of 330 fresh oysters was randomly purchased from various retail fish markets in Egypt and divided into 33 pools. Bacteriological examination and the identification of Klebsiella pneumoniae were performed. Carbapenem resistance in K. pneumoniae isolates was determined by phenotypic and molecular methods. Additionally, the presence of hypervirulent K. pneumoniae was identified based on virulence gene markers (peg-344, rmpA, rmpA2, iucA, and iroB), followed by a string test. The clustering of CR-hvKp strains was carried out using R with the pheatmap package. RESULTS The overall prevalence of K. pneumoniae was 48.5% (16 out of 33), with 13 isolates displaying carbapenem resistance, one intermediate resistance, and two sensitive. Both carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae and carbapenem-intermediate-resistant K. pneumoniae strains exhibited carbapenemase production, predominantly linked to the blaVIM gene (68.8%). HvKp strains were identified at a rate of 62.5% (10/16); notably, peg-344 was the most prevalent gene. Significantly, 10 of the 13 CRKP isolates possessed hypervirulence genes, contributing to the emergence of CR-hvKp. Moreover, cluster analysis revealed the clustering of two CR-hvKp isolates from the same retail fish market. CONCLUSION This study provides the first insight into the emergence of CR-hvKp among oysters in Egypt. It underscores the potential role of oysters as a source for disseminating CR-hvKp within aquatic ecosystems, presenting a possible threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahma Mohammed
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, PO Box 12211, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sara M Nader
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, PO Box 12211, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dalia A Hamza
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, PO Box 12211, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Maha A Sabry
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, PO Box 12211, Giza, Egypt
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Prevalence of Waterborne blaNDM-1 Gene Producing Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae from Al-Hillah River Water, Babylon Province, Iraq. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.3.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The current work suggested the occurrence of blaNDM-1 gene among Klebsiella pneumoniae recovered from surface waters of the Al-Hillah River. Between January and April 2015, water samples (101) were taken from seven different area of the Al-Hillah River, Babylon province, Iraq. K.pneumoniae was reported in percentage of 35 (34.6%). The antibiotics susceptibility profile of K.pneumoniae was determined with disk diffusion assay. The most common resistance was detected for penicillins agents (ampicillin and cloxacillin) with 20(57.14%) and 17(48.57%) resistance rate, respectively. Two isolates of K.pneumoniae were carbapenem-resistant. Phenotypic screening of metallo β-lactamase detection was carried out using imipenem–EDTA double disk synergy test for carbapenem resistant isolates, 2(100%) isolates with positive result. Conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test was used for detection NDM-1 beta-lactamase, 1 (50%) K.pneumoniae isolate harboring this gene.
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Abdel-Kader F, Hamza E, Abdel-Moein KA, Sabry MA. Retail chicken giblets contaminated with extended-spectrum cephalosporin- and carbapenem-resistant Salmonella enterica carrying blaCMY-2. Vet World 2022; 15:1297-1304. [PMID: 35765473 PMCID: PMC9210848 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.1297-1304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Chickens are considered as the main source of Salmonella, with infection potentially spreading to the public through outlets. The study aimed to investigate poultry shops for Salmonella enterica resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins-resistant (ESCR) and carbapenems-resistant (CR). Materials and Methods: Samples were collected from chicken giblets, water tanks, and workers at retail shops. Salmonella was isolated and serotyped; the presence of invA, stn, ompA, and ompF was determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The isolates were tested for ESCR and CR by a disk-diffusion test; a confirmatory extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) test was performed by combinational disk-diffusion test with clavulanic acid. The resistant isolates were screened for ESBL (blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, and blaOXA-1), AmpC blaCMY-2, and carbapenemase (blaKPC, blaNDM, and blaOXA-48) genes using PCR. Results: S. enterica was isolated from chicken giblets (13/129) and the 13 isolates were ESCR. Based on the confirmatory ESBL test and CR, the 13 isolates were classified into the following resistance phenotypes: ESBL-producing and CR (n=4), ESBL-producing (n=1), non-ESBL-producing and CR (n=6), and non-ESBL-producing (n=2). All the five isolates with ESBL-producing phenotype carried predominantly blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCMY-2. Regardless of being phenotypically CR, none of these isolates carried any of the tested carbapenemase genes. Surprisingly, the isolates with non-ESBL phenotype were found to carry blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCMY-2. The blaKPC was present mainly in the isolates with non-ESBL and CR phenotypes. Interestingly, two isolates of the non-ESBL and CR phenotype showed resistance to cefepime, the fourth generation cephalosporins. Salmonella was also recovered from the water tanks (2/7) and the workers (2/16). The four isolates were ESCR and showed a non-ESBL-producing and CR phenotype; they harbored blaTEM, blaSHV, blaOXA-1, and blaKPC. The blaCMY-2 was found in one isolate from water and one from humans. All Salmonella isolates carried invA, stn, ompA, and ompF. Conclusion: Virulent ESCR S. enterica were identified in retail shops. The isolates carried blaCMY-2 and ESBL-genes, with a high proportion showing CR. Transmission of such strains to humans through food leads us to recommend regular inspection of retail outlets for antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Abdel-Kader
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Hamza
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled A. Abdel-Moein
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha A. Sabry
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Ahmadi M, Ranjbar R, Behzadi P, Mohammadian T. Virulence factors, antibiotic resistance patterns, and molecular types of clinical isolates of Klebsiella Pneumoniae. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2021; 20:463-472. [PMID: 34612762 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2022.1990040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Klebsiella pneumoniae is armed with a wide range of antibiotic resistance mechanisms that mostly challenge effective treatment. The aims of the current study were to identify the clinical strains of K. pneumoniaealso to determine their phenotypes and molecular characterization related to antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In this investigation, clinical specimens from different hospitals located in Tehran, Iran, were collected during a nine-month period (December 2018 to August 2019). The K. pneumoniae strains were isolated and identified through standard microbial and biochemical assays. Additionally, disk diffusion, combined disk, Modified Hodge Test (MHT) and PCR were performed for antibiotic resistance and virulence gene analysis, respectively. RESULTS Eighty-four isolates of K. pneumoniae were subjected to the study. According to the combined disk and modified Hodge test results, 27 (52%) and 15 pathotypes (62.5%) out of resistant strains of isolated K. pneumoniae were detected as ESBL and KPC producers. The virulence genes of mrkD (94%) and magA (11%) were the highest and lowest among isolates, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes in conjunction with a significant relationship between the strains revealed a high pathogenic capacity of the isolated pathotypes of K. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Ahmadi
- Department of Microbiology, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ranjbar
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Behzadi
- Department of Microbiology, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taher Mohammadian
- Department of Microbiology, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Sun L, Li H, Wang Q, Liu Y, Cao B. Increased gene expression and copy number of mutated bla KPC lead to high-level ceftazidime/avibactam resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:230. [PMID: 34412588 PMCID: PMC8375111 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02293-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Resistance to ceftazidime-avibactam was reported, and it is important to investigate the mechanisms of ceftazidime/avibactam resistance in K. pneumoniae with mutations in blaKPC. Results We report the mutated blaKPC is not the only mechanism related to CZA resistance, and investigate the role of outer porin defects, efflux pump, and relative gene expression and copy number of blaKPC and ompk35/36. Four ceftazidime/avibactam-sensitive isolates detected wild type blaKPC-2, while 4 ceftazidime/avibactam-resistant isolates detected mutated blaKPC (blaKPC-51, blaKPC-52, and blaKPC-33). Compared with other ceftazidime/avibactam-resistant isolates with the minimal inhibitory concentration of ceftazidime/avibactam ranging 128–256 mg/L, the relative gene expression and copy number of blaKPC was increased in the isolate which carried blaKPC-51 and also showed the highest minimal inhibitory concentration of ceftazidime/avibactam at 2048 mg/L. The truncated Ompk35 contributes rare to ceftazidime/avibactam resistance in our isolates. No significant difference in minimal inhibitory concentration of ceftazidime/avibactam was observed after the addition of PABN. Conclusions Increased gene expression and copy number of mutated blaKPC can cause high-level ceftazidime/avibactam resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Sun
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Haibo Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yingmei Liu
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China. .,National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Bin Cao
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. .,Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China. .,National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China. .,Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Hu X, Cai Y, Wang Y, Wang R, Wang J, Zhang B. Imaging of bioluminescent Klebsiella pneumoniae induced pulmonary infection in an immunosuppressed mouse model. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520956473. [PMID: 33044099 PMCID: PMC7556177 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520956473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To establish a mouse model of bioluminescent Klebsiella pneumoniae-induced lung infection, under different infection states after pretreatment with various dosages of cyclophosphamide (CTX). Methods A K. pneumoniae strain carrying the luxCDABE operon was used to infect immunocompetent mice (intraperitoneal injection of saline at 4 days and 1 day prior to experimental lung infection) and immunodeficient mice (50 mg/kg CTX at 4 days and 50 mg/kg CTX at 1 day prior to lung infection; or 150 mg/kg CTX at 4 days and 100 mg/kg CTX at 1 day prior to lung infection). Disease progression was monitored in living mice using a bioluminescence imaging system. The bioluminescent images, bacterial loads in lungs, blood cytological changes and histopathology of lungs were analysed. Results K. pneumoniae-induced lung infection models were established in mice pretreated with CTX. Different doses of CTX led to different severities of lung infection. Mice pretreated with 150/100 mg/kg CTX were more suitable for real-time monitoring as they had more typical bioluminescent images of lung infection, more obvious changes in the bioluminescent intensity values, more bacterial colonies in the lungs and more distinct pulmonary pathological changes. Conclusions A stable bioluminescent K. pneumonia-induced lung infection model was successfully established in mice pretreated with CTX, which can be semi-quantitatively monitored in real-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Hu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Cai
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Centre of Medicine Clinical Research, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhang Wang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Centre of Medicine Clinical Research, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Centre of Medicine Clinical Research, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Air Force General Hospital, PLA, Beijing, China
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Hamza D, Dorgham S, Ismael E, El-Moez SIA, Elhariri M, Elhelw R, Hamza E. Emergence of β-lactamase- and carbapenemase- producing Enterobacteriaceae at integrated fish farms. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2020; 9:67. [PMID: 32430083 PMCID: PMC7236517 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-020-00736-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies suggested that determinants for antibiotic resistance have originated in aquaculture. Recently, the integrated agriculture-aquaculture system has been implemented, where fish are raised in ponds that receive agriculture drainage water. The present study aims to investigate the occurrence of β-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the integrated agriculture-aquaculture and the consequent public health implication. METHODS Samples were collected from fish, fishpond water inlets, tap water, outlet water, and workers at sites of integrated agriculture-aquacultures. Samples were also taken from inhabitants of the aquaculture surrounding areas. All samples were cultured on MacConkey agar, the Enterobacteriaceae isolates were tested for susceptibility to cephalosporins and carbapenems, and screened for blaCTX-M-15, blaSHV, blaOXA-1, blaTEM, blaPER-1, blaKPC, blaOXA-48, and blaNDM. Strains having similar resistance phenotype and genotype were examined for the presence of Incompatible (Inc) plasmids. RESULTS A major proportion of the Enterobacteriaceae isolates were resistant to cephalosporins and carbapenems. Among the 66 isolates from fish, 34 were resistant to both cephalosporin and carbapenem groups, 26 to carbapenems alone, and 4 to cephalosporins alone. Of the 15 isolates from fishpond water inlets, 8 showed resistance to both groups, 1 to carbapenems alone, and 5 to cephalosporins alone. Out of the 33 isolates from tap water, 17 were resistant to both groups, and 16 to cephalosporins alone. Similarly, of the 16 outlet water isolates, 10 were resistant to both groups, and 6 to cephalosporins alone. Furthermore, of the 30 examined workers, 15 carried Enterobacteriaceae resistant strains, 10 to both groups, and 5 to cephalosporins alone. Similar strains were isolated from the inhabitants of the aquaculture surrounding areas. Irrespective of source of samples, strains resistant to all examined antibiotics, carried predominantly the carbapenemase gene blaKPC either alone or with the β-lactamase genes (blaCTX-M-15, blaSHV, blaTEM, and blaPER-1). The isolates from fish, water, and workers harboured a wide-range of multi-drug-resistance Inc. plasmids, which were similar among all isolates. CONCLUSION The present findings suggest transmission of the resistance genes among Enterobacteriaceae strains from different sources. This reiterates the need for control strategies that focus on humans, animals, water, and sewage systems to solve the antibiotic resistance problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Hamza
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza square, PO Box 12211, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sohad Dorgham
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Elshaimaa Ismael
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Mahmoud Elhariri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rehab Elhelw
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman Hamza
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza square, PO Box 12211, Cairo, Egypt.
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El-Shorbagi AN, Chaudhary S. Monobactams: A Unique Natural Scaffold of Four-Membered Ring Skeleton, Recent Development to Clinically Overcome Infections by Multidrug- Resistant Microbes. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180816666190516113202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Monobactam antibiotics have been testified to demonstrate significant antibacterial
activity especially the treatment of infections by superbug microbes. Recently, research has
been focused on the structural modifications, and new generation of this privileged natural scaffold.
Objective:
Efforts have been made to discover the structure-antibacterial relationship of monbactams
in order to avoid the aimless work involving the ongoing generated analogues. This review aims to
summarize the current knowledge and development of monobactams as a broad-spectrum antibacterial
scaffolds. The recent structural modifications that expand the activity, especially in the infections
by resistant-strains, combinational therapies and dosing, as well as the possibility of crosshypersensitivity/
reactivity/tolerability with penicillins and cephalosporins will also be summarized
and inferred. Different approaches will be covered with emphasis on chemical methods and Structure-
Activity Relationship (SAR), in addition to the proposed mechanisms of action. Clinical investigation
of monobactams tackling various aspects will not be missed in this review.
Conclusion:
The conclusion includes the novels approaches, that could be followed to design new
research projects and reduce the pitfalls in the future development of monobactams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Nasser El-Shorbagi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sachin Chaudhary
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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Valenzuela-Valderrama M, González IA, Palavecino CE. Photodynamic treatment for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria: Perspectives for the treatment of Klebsiella pneumoniae infections. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 28:256-264. [PMID: 31505296 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of multi-drug resistance for pathogenic bacteria is one of the most pressing global threats to human health in the 21st century. Hence, the availability of new treatment becomes indispensable to prevent morbidity and mortality caused by infectious agents. This article reviews the antimicrobial properties of photodynamic therapy (PDT), which is based on the use of photosensitizers compounds (PSs). The PSs are non-toxic small molecules, which induce oxidative stress only under excitation with light. Then, the PDT has the advantage to be locally activated using phototherapy devices. We focus on PDT for the Klebsiella pneumoniae, as an example of Gram-negative bacteria, due to its relevance as an agent of health-associated infections (HAI) and a multi-drug resistant bacteria. K. pneumoniae is a fermentative bacillus, member of the Enterobacteriaceae family, which is most commonly associated with producing infection of the urinary tract (UTI) and pneumonia. K. pneumoniae infections may occur in deep organs such as bladder or lungs tissues; therefore, activating light must get access or penetrate tissues with sufficient power to produce effective PDT. Consequently, the rationale for selecting the most appropriate PSs, as well as photodynamic devices and photon fluence doses, were reviewed. Also, the mechanisms by which PDT activates the immune system and its importance to eradicate the infection successfully, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Valenzuela-Valderrama
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Celular, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Chile; Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDiS), Independencia, Santiago 8380000, Chile.
| | - Iván Alonzo González
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Chile.
| | - Christian Erick Palavecino
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Celular, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Chile.
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12
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Eghbalpoor F, Habibi M, Azizi O, Asadi Karam MR, Bouzari S. Antibiotic resistance, virulence and genetic diversity of Klebsiella pneumoniae in community- and hospital-acquired urinary tract infections in Iran. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2019; 66:349-366. [PMID: 30803251 DOI: 10.1556/030.66.2019.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is among the most important causes of urinary tract infection (UTI). The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and correlation of antibiotic resistance with virulence characteristics and genetic diversity in K. pneumoniae isolated from UTIs in Iran. Phenotypic tests and antibiotic susceptibility were carried out on the isolates. Detection of the virulence and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes was performed by polymerase chain reaction. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used for exploring the genomic relatedness. Hemolysin, biofilm, and hypermucoviscosity formation were observed in 87.1%, 86.4%, and 12.1% of isolates, respectively. The antibiotic resistance rate of K. pneumoniae isolates ranged from 12.1% for meropenem to 100% for amoxicillin. The prevalence of virulence genes ranged from 1.4% for cnf-1 to 100% for mrkD, fimH, kpn, and entB genes. In this study, 91.7%, 33.3%, and 4.2% of phenotypically ESBL-producers were positive for blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaSHV genes, respectively. An association was observed between the presence of traT, fyuA, or cnf-1 genes with antibiotic resistance. Two clone types were obtained by PFGE that indicate different K. pneumoniae clones in community- and hospital-acquired UTIs. The findings of this study are valuable in development of treatment strategies against UTIs in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Eghbalpoor
- 1 Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehri Habibi
- 1 Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Azizi
- 2 Health Sciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | | | - Saeid Bouzari
- 1 Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Markovska R, Stoeva T, Dimitrova D, Boyanova L, Stankova P, Mihova K, Mitov I. Quinolone resistance mechanisms among third-generation cephalosporin resistant isolates of Enterobacter spp. in a Bulgarian university hospital. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:1445-1455. [PMID: 31213860 PMCID: PMC6549396 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s204199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: There have been no reports in Bulgaria about quinolone resistance determinants among Enterobacter spp. Aims: To investigate plasmid and chromosomal quinolone resistance rates among 175 third-generation cephalosporin resistant Enterobacter spp. isolates (167 Enterobacter cloacae complex and eight Enterobacter aerogenes isolates) collected at a university hospital in Varna, Bulgaria, as well as to reveal their association with ESBL/AmpC production and a carriage of specific plasmid replicon types. Methods: PCR, isoelectric focusing, replicon typing, sequencing, and epidemiology typing were carried out. Results: A high level of combined third-generation cephalosporin and quinolone resistant Enterobacter spp. was found - 79.4%. The ESBL production rate was 87%, consisting mainly of CTX-M-15 among E. cloacae complex (in 76%) and CTX-M-3 among E. aerogenes (in 88%). Plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinants were identified in 57% of the isolates. The most commonly detected PMQR determinants were qnrB (90%), consisting mainly of qnrB1 (in 61%), and qnrB9 (in 27%) of the isolates. Both alleles were transferred with CTX-M-15 genes; transconjugants showed HI2 replicons (for qnrB1 positive transconjugants) and were non-typeable (for qnrB9). One Enterobacter spp. isolate produced qnrB4. QnrA1, qnrS1, and aac(6')-Ib-cr were detected in single isolates only. QnrC, qnrD, qepA, and oqxAB genes were not found. QnrB was associated with CTX-M-15 production, and qnrS1 was linked to CTX-M-3. Alterations in 83 and 87 positions of gyrB in quinolone-resistance determining regions, and 80 position of parC were detected in high level quinolone resistant isolates. Among all the Enterobacter spp. isolates tested, one predominant clone A was identified (53%). Conclusion: Our data showed the necessity of more prudent use of quinolones and third-generation cephalosporins, because of the risk of promoting dissemination, and selection of multiple resistance determinants (ESBL, PMQR) among Enterobacter spp. isolates in Bulgaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumyana Markovska
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Temenuga Stoeva
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital “Saint Marina”, Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Dobromira Dimitrova
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital “Saint Marina”, Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Lyudmila Boyanova
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Petya Stankova
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Kalina Mihova
- Molecular Medicine Center, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivan Mitov
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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14
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Meng X, Yang J, Duan J, Liu S, Huang X, Wen X, Huang X, Fu C, Li J, Dou Q, Liu Y, Wang J, Yan Q, Zou M, Liu W, Peng Z, Chen L, Li C, Wu A. Assessing Molecular Epidemiology of Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-KP) with MLST and MALDI-TOF in Central China. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2271. [PMID: 30783127 PMCID: PMC6381170 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38295-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CR-KP) posts significant public health challenge worldwide. The aim of this study is to assess clinical characteristics and molecular epidemiology of CR-KP infections with Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) in Central China. A total of 71 CR-KP isolates were recovered in a teaching hospital from October 2014 to December 2015. Among all CR-KP isolates, 73.2% (52) produced K. pneumoniae carbapenemases-2 (KPC-2). Eighteen ST types were identified by MLST, among these ST types, forty-seven isolates belonged to ST11 type, which was the predominant outbreak strain in China, and most ST11 isolates produced KPC-2. Eleven mass spectrometry (MS) types were identified by MALDI-TOF MS analysis, 53.5% isolates were MS4 and MS6, which matched with ST11 in MLST analysis. CR-KP infection was associated with increased medical cost and longer hospitalization. Therefore, we found that KPC-2-producing ST11 (MS4 and MS6) CR-KP isolates were the predominant clone identified by MLST and MALDI-TOF, and CR-KP infection was associated with increased hospital costs and longer hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Meng
- Infection Control Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Bioyong Technologies Inc, Beijing, China
| | - Juping Duan
- Infection Control Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Sidi Liu
- Infection Control Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xun Huang
- Infection Control Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ximao Wen
- Infection Control Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Infection Control Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Chenchao Fu
- Infection Control Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jie Li
- Infection Control Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qingya Dou
- Infection Control Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Infection Control Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Bioyong Technologies Inc, Beijing, China
| | - Qun Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Mingxiang Zou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Wenen Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Zhong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Public Health Research Institute Tuberculosis Center, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Chunhui Li
- Infection Control Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Anhua Wu
- Infection Control Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
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15
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Chi X, Berglund B, Zou H, Zheng B, Börjesson S, Ji X, Ottoson J, Lundborg CS, Li X, Nilsson LE. Characterization of Clinically Relevant Strains of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Occurring in Environmental Sources in a Rural Area of China by Using Whole-Genome Sequencing. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:211. [PMID: 30809212 PMCID: PMC6379450 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram-negative, opportunistic pathogen, and a common cause of healthcare-associated infections such as pneumonia, septicemia, and urinary tract infection. The purpose of this study was to survey the occurrence of and characterize K. pneumoniae in different environmental sources in a rural area of Shandong province, China. Two hundred and thirty-one samples from different environmental sources in 12 villages were screened for extended-spectrum β-lactamase-(ESBL)-producing K. pneumoniae, and 14 (6%) samples were positive. All isolates were multidrug-resistant and a few of them belonged to clinically relevant strains which are known to cause hospital outbreaks worldwide. Serotypes, virulence genes, serum survival, and phagocytosis survival were analyzed and the results showed the presence of virulence factors associated with highly virulent clones and a high degree of phagocytosis survivability, indicating the potential virulence of these isolates. These results emphasize the need for further studies designed to elucidate the role of the environment in transmission and dissemination of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae and the potential risk posed to human and environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Chi
- Department of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Björn Berglund
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huiyun Zou
- Department of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Beiwen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Stefan Börjesson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xiang Ji
- Department of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jakob Ottoson
- Department of Risk and Benefit Assessment, National Food Agency, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Global Health-Health Systems and Policy, Medicines, Focusing Antibiotics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xuewen Li
- Department of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lennart E Nilsson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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16
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Fatemi SM, Shokri D, Mohammadi S, Koupahi H. Investigation of NDM metallo-beta-lactamase and CMY-2 AmpC β-lactamase production in Escherichia coli and Enterobacter spp. isolated from human. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-018-2694-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Liu Y, Yang Y, Chen Y, Xia Z. Antimicrobial resistance profiles and genotypes of extended-spectrum β-lactamase- and AmpC β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from dogs in Beijing, China. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2017; 10:219-222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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18
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Abdalhamid B, Albunayan S, Shaikh A, Elhadi N, Aljindan R. Prevalence study of plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae lacking inducible ampC from Saudi hospitals. J Med Microbiol 2017; 66:1286-1290. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Baha Abdalhamid
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, PO Box 15215, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar Albunayan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, PO Box 15215, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Shaikh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, PO Box 15215, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasreldin Elhadi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Dammam, PO Box 2435, AlKhobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Aljindan
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Dammam, PO Box 2208, AlKhobar, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Abdalhamid B, Elhadi N, Albunayan S, Alsamman K, Aljindan R. First description of methyltransferases in extensively drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from Saudi Arabia. J Med Microbiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Baha Abdalhamid
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, P. O. Box 15215, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasreldin Elhadi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Dammam, Al Khobar, P. O. Box 2435, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar Albunayan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, P. O. Box 15215, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaldoon Alsamman
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Dammam, Al Khobar, P. O. Box 2435, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Aljindan
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Dammam, Al Khobar, P. O. Box 2208, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Bi W, Liu H, Dunstan RA, Li B, Torres VVL, Cao J, Chen L, Wilksch JJ, Strugnell RA, Lithgow T, Zhou T. Extensively Drug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Causing Nosocomial Bloodstream Infections in China: Molecular Investigation of Antibiotic Resistance Determinants, Informing Therapy, and Clinical Outcomes. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1230. [PMID: 28713357 PMCID: PMC5492486 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The rise in diversity of antimicrobial resistance phenotypes seen in Klebsiella pneumoniae is becoming a serious antibiotic management problem. We sought to investigate the molecular characteristics and clinical implications of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) K. pneumoniae isolated from different nosocomial bloodstream infections (BSIs) patients from July 2013 to November 2015. Even in combination treatment, meropenem did not protect against mortality of BSIs patients (P = 0.015). In contrast, tigecycline in combination with other antimicrobial agents significantly protected against mortality (P = 0.016). Antimicrobial susceptibility tests, molecular detection of antibiotic resistance determinants, conjugation experiments, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), S1-PFGE, Southern blot, SDS-PAGE, immunoblot analysis, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were used to characterize these isolates. These XDR K. pneumoniae strains were resistant to conventional antimicrobials except tigecycline and polymyxin B and co-harbored diverse resistance determinants. rmtB, blaKPC−2 as well as blaCTX−M−9 were located on a transferable plasmid of ~54.2 kb and the most predominant replicon type was IncF. 23 of the 35 isolates belonging the predominant clone were found to incorporate the globally-disseminated sequence type ST11, but others including a unique, previously undiscovered lineage ST2281 (allelic profile: 4-1-1-22-7-4-35) were also found and characterized. The porins OmpK35 and OmpK36 were deficient in two carbapenemase-negative carbapenem-resistant strains, suggesting decreased drug uptake as a mechanism for carbapenem resistance. This study highlights the importance of tracking hospital acquired infections, monitoring modes of antibiotic resistance to improve health outcomes of BSIs patients and to highlight the problems of XDR K. pneumoniae dissemination in healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzi Bi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, China
| | - Haiyang Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, China
| | - Rhys A Dunstan
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, China
| | - Von Vergel L Torres
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jianming Cao
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, China
| | - Lijiang Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, China
| | - Jonathan J Wilksch
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard A Strugnell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute, The University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Trevor Lithgow
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tieli Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, China
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21
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Shokri D, Rabbani Khorasgani M, Fatemi SM, Soleimani-Delfan A. Resistotyping, phenotyping and genotyping of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) among Gram-negative bacilli from Iranian patients. J Med Microbiol 2017; 66:402-411. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dariush Shokri
- Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Masih Fatemi
- Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran
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22
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Emergence of an extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing serotype K1 Klebsiella pneumoniae ST23 strain from Asian countries. Epidemiol Infect 2016; 145:990-994. [PMID: 28031071 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268816003113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production has been very rare in serotype K1 Klebsiella pneumoniae ST23 strains, which are well-known invasive community strains. Among 92 ESBL-producing strains identified in 218 isolates from nine Asian countries, serotype K1 K. pneumoniae strains were screened. Two ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae isolates from Singapore and Indonesia were determined to be serotype K1 and ST23. Their plasmids, which contain CTX-M-15 genes, are transferable rendering the effective transfer of ESBL resistance plasmids to other organisms.
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23
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Kedziora A, Korzekwa K, Strek W, Pawlak A, Doroszkiewicz W, Bugla-Ploskonska G. Silver Nanoforms as a Therapeutic Agent for Killing Escherichia coli and Certain ESKAPE Pathogens. Curr Microbiol 2016; 73:139-47. [PMID: 27086305 PMCID: PMC4899487 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-016-1034-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The scope of this study included the preparation of silver nanoforms with high antimicrobial efficacy, low cost, and ease of application. The term 'silver nanoforms' refers to silver located on the amorphous or crystalline titanium dioxide (TiO2). Silver nanoforms may be used as an alternative to antibiotics in killing bacteria. Pure and silver-incorporated titanium (used as a carrier) was prepared using the sol-gel-modified method. Physical and chemical properties of the samples were described, and the antibacterial activity was indicated using the following strains of bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESKAPE pathogens), and Escherichia coli. The results have shown that the antibacterial activity of silver nanoforms with amorphous TiO2 is much better than that in the samples based on anatase (crystalline TiO2). The sensitivity of the tested bacteria to silver nanoforms depends on physical and chemical properties of the nanoforms and individual characteristics of the bacteria. For the first time, significant participation of amorphous TiO2 in antibacterial compounds has been described through this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kedziora
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63-77, 51-148, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - K Korzekwa
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63-77, 51-148, Wrocław, Poland
| | - W Strek
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okolna 2, Wrocław, Poland
| | - A Pawlak
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63-77, 51-148, Wrocław, Poland
| | - W Doroszkiewicz
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63-77, 51-148, Wrocław, Poland
| | - G Bugla-Ploskonska
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63-77, 51-148, Wrocław, Poland
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24
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Guo Y, Zhou H, Qin L, Pang Z, Qin T, Ren H, Pan Z, Zhou J. Frequency, Antimicrobial Resistance and Genetic Diversity of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Food Samples. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153561. [PMID: 27078494 PMCID: PMC4831839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the frequency of Klebsiella pneumoniae in food samples and to detect antibiotic resistance phenotypes, antimicrobial resistance genes and the molecular subtypes of the recovered isolates. A total of 998 food samples were collected, and 99 (9.9%) K. pneumoniae strains were isolated; the frequencies were 8.2% (4/49) in fresh raw seafood, 13.8% (26/188) in fresh raw chicken, 11.4% (34/297) in frozen raw food and 7.5% (35/464) in cooked food samples. Antimicrobial resistance was observed against 16 antimicrobials. The highest resistance rate was observed for ampicillin (92.3%), followed by tetracycline (31.3%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (18.2%), and chloramphenicol (10.1%). Two K. pneumoniae strains were identified as extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)–one strain had three beta-lactamases genes (blaSHV, blaCTX-M-1, and blaCTX-M-10) and one had only the blaSHV gene. Nineteen multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains were detected; the percentage of MDR strains in fresh raw chicken samples was significantly higher than in other sample types (P<0.05). Six of the 18 trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-resistant strains carried the folate pathway inhibitor gene (dhfr). Four isolates were screened by PCR for quinolone resistance genes; aac(6’)-Ib-cr, qnrB, qnrA and qnrS were detected. In addition, gyrA gene mutations such as T247A (Ser83Ile), C248T (Ser83Phe), and A260C (Asp87Ala) and a parC C240T (Ser80Ile) mutation were identified. Five isolates were screened for aminoglycosides resistance genes; aacA4, aacC2, and aadA1 were detected. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis-based subtyping identified 91 different patterns. Our results indicate that food, especially fresh raw chicken, is a reservoir of antimicrobial-resistant K. pneumoniae, and the potential health risks posed by such strains should not be underestimated. Our results demonstrated high prevalence, antibiotic resistance rate and genetic diversity of K. pneumoniae in food in China. Improved control and prevention strategies are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Guo
- Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haijian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (HZ); (JZ)
| | - Liyun Qin
- Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhizhao Pang
- Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Pan
- Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jikun Zhou
- Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (HZ); (JZ)
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Shaikh S, Rizvi S, Anis R, Shakil S. Prevalence of CTX-M resistance marker and integrons among Escherichia coli
and Klebsiella pneumoniae
isolates of clinical origin. Lett Appl Microbiol 2016; 62:419-27. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Shaikh
- Department of Biosciences; Integral University; Lucknow India
| | - S.M.D. Rizvi
- Department of Biosciences; Integral University; Lucknow India
| | - R. Anis
- Department of Bio-engineering; Integral University; Lucknow India
| | - S. Shakil
- KACST Technology Innovation Center for Personalized Medicine at King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology; Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
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Correlation between antimicrobial resistance and virulence in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 35:333-41. [PMID: 26718943 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-015-2559-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is responsible for a wide range of infections, including urinary tract infections, pneumonia, bacteremia, and liver abscesses. In addition to susceptible clinical isolates involved in nosocomial infections, multidrug-resistant (MDR) and hypervirulent (hvKP) strains have evolved separately in distinct clonal groups. The rapid geographic spread of these isolates is of particular concern. However, we still know little about the virulence of K. pneumoniae except for hvKP, whose secrets are beginning to be revealed. The treatment of K. pneumoniae infections is threatened by the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. The dissemination of resistance is associated with genetic mobile elements, such as plasmids that may also carry virulence determinants. A proficient pathogen should be virulent, resistant to antibiotics, and epidemic. However, the interplay between resistance and virulence is poorly understood. Here, we review current knowledge on the topic.
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Al-Marzooq F, Mohd Yusof MY, Tay ST. Molecular Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance Determinants and Plasmids in Malaysian Isolates of Multidrug Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26203651 PMCID: PMC4512681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by multidrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae have been increasingly reported in many parts of the world. A total of 93 Malaysian multidrug resistant K. pneumoniae isolated from patients attending to University of Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from 2010-2012 were investigated for antibiotic resistance determinants including extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), aminoglycoside and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resistance genes and plasmid replicons. CTX-M-15 (91.3%) was the predominant ESBL gene detected in this study. aacC2 gene (67.7%) was the most common gene detected in aminoglycoside-resistant isolates. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resistance (90.3%) was attributed to the presence of sul1 (53.8%) and dfrA (59.1%) genes in the isolates. Multiple plasmid replicons (1-4) were detected in 95.7% of the isolates. FIIK was the dominant replicon detected together with 13 other types of plasmid replicons. Conjugative plasmids (1-3 plasmids of ~3-100 kb) were obtained from 27 of 43 K. pneumoniae isolates. An ESBL gene (either CTX-M-15, CTX-M-3 or SHV-12) was detected from each transconjugant. Co-detection with at least one of other antibiotic resistance determinants [sul1, dfrA, aacC2, aac(6ˊ)-Ib, aac(6ˊ)-Ib-cr and qnrB] was noted in most conjugative plasmids. The transconjugants were resistant to multiple antibiotics including β-lactams, gentamicin and cotrimoxazole, but not ciprofloxacin. This is the first study describing the characterization of plasmids circulating in Malaysian multidrug resistant K. pneumoniae isolates. The results of this study suggest the diffusion of highly diverse plasmids with multiple antibiotic resistance determinants among the Malaysian isolates. Effective infection control measures and antibiotic stewardship programs should be adopted to limit the spread of the multidrug resistant bacteria in healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Al-Marzooq
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Yasim Mohd Yusof
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sun Tee Tay
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
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Ogutu JO, Zhang Q, Huang Y, Yan H, Su L, Gao B, Zhang W, Zhao J, Cai W, Li W, Zhao H, Chen Y, Song W, Chen X, Fu Y, Zhang F. Development of a multiplex PCR system and its application in detection of blaSHV, blaTEM, blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-9 and blaOXA-1 group genes in clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli strains. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2015; 68:725-33. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2015.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Mshana SE, Fritzenwanker M, Falgenhauer L, Domann E, Hain T, Chakraborty T, Imirzalioglu C. Molecular epidemiology and characterization of an outbreak causing Klebsiella pneumoniae clone carrying chromosomally located bla(CTX-M-15) at a German University-Hospital. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:122. [PMID: 26077154 PMCID: PMC4469578 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0460-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multi-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains are a common cause of health care associated infections worldwide. Clonal spread of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates carrying plasmid mediated CTX-M-15 have been commonly reported. Limited data is available regarding dissemination of chromosomally encoded CTX-M-15 in Klebsiella pneumoniae worldwide. RESULTS We examined 23 non-repetitive ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from clinical specimens over a period of 4 months in a German University Hospital. All isolates were characterized to determine their genetic relatedness using Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) and Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST). PFGE revealed three clusters (B1, B2, and B3) with a sub-cluster (A3) comprising of 10 isolates with an identical PFGE pattern. All strains of the cluster B3 with similar PFGE patterns were typed as ST101, indicating an outbreak situation. The ESBL allele bla CTX-M-15 was identified in 16 (69.6 %) of all isolates, including all of the outbreak strains. Within the A3 sub-cluster, the CTX-M-15 allele could not be transferred by conjugation. DNA hybridization studies suggested a chromosomal location of bla CTX-M-15. Whole genome sequencing located CTX-M-15 within a complete ISEcp-1 transposition unit inserted into an ORF encoding for a putative membrane protein. PCR-based analysis of the flanking regions demonstrated that insertion into this region is unique and present in all outbreak isolates. CONCLUSION This is the first characterization of a chromosomal insertion of bla CTX-M-15 in Klebsiella pneumonia ST101, a finding suggesting that in Enterobacteriaceae, chromosomal locations may also act as reservoirs for the spread of bla CTX-M-15 encoding transposition units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E Mshana
- Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Weill Bugando School of Medicine Box, 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania.
| | - Moritz Fritzenwanker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig University, , Schubertstrasse 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany. .,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Campus Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Linda Falgenhauer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig University, , Schubertstrasse 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany. .,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Campus Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Eugen Domann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig University, , Schubertstrasse 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany. .,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Campus Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Torsten Hain
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig University, , Schubertstrasse 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany. .,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Campus Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Trinad Chakraborty
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig University, , Schubertstrasse 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany. .,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Campus Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Can Imirzalioglu
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig University, , Schubertstrasse 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany. .,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Campus Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
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Zhou T, Zhang Y, Li M, Yu X, Sun Y, Xu J. An outbreak of infections caused by extensively drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains during a short period of time in a Chinese teaching hospital: epidemiology study and molecular characteristics. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 82:240-4. [PMID: 25865067 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2015.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we comprehensively described the clinical risk factors, outcome, epidemiology, and molecular basis associated with an outbreak of extensively drug-resistant KPC-2-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae involving 15 patients in a teaching hospital from May 1 to June 27, 2013. Most of the patients were elderly and received long-term hospital treatment, and 40.0% (6/15) of them were dead. All strains carried bla(KPC-2), rmtB, bla(CTX-M-65), bla(SHV-11), oqxA, oqxB, and aac(6')-Ib-cr and even harbored additional other resistance genes, such as armA, bla(CTX-M-1), bla(TEM-1). bla(KPC-2), rmtB, and bla(CTX-M-65) were located on the same ~54.2-kb plasmid, and conjugation experiments further proved the cotransferable characteristic. Alterations of outer membrane proteins were confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate--olyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis and sequencing, which can lead to a drastic change in the permeability of cells. All isolates belonged to the clone complex 258, spreading rapidly across the world. Our study demonstrated that a high degree of awareness and surveillance of those drug resistance determinants is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tieli Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yapei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Meimei Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yao Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Jiru Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
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31
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Sood S. Identification and differentiation of carbapenemases in Klebsiella pneumoniae: a phenotypic test evaluation study from jaipur, India. J Clin Diagn Res 2014; 8:DC01-3. [PMID: 25177562 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/7027.4614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbapenem resistance is one of the major threats faced in antimicrobial treatment of infections caused by gram negative organisms. In recent years, carbapenem resistance has emerged in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates due to acquisition of carbapenemases which belong to Ambler class A KPC type enzymes or to Ambler class B metallo-β-lactamases (MBL). Routine lab detection of carbapenemase producing K. pneumoniae isolates is crucial, both for a therapeutic management and an efficient infection control. MATERIALS AND METHODS A study was conducted on 60 carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains which were isolated from various clinical samples over a period of one year (September 2010-August 2011), at a tertiary care hospital in Jaipur. Phenotypic confirmatory test was done by using discs of Meropenem alone and those with phenyl boronic acid (PBA) or Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or both, for detection of carbapenemase production and differentiation of KPC and MBL enzymes. RESULTS Of the 60 carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, 53 (88.33%) were found to be MBL producers, 4(6.66%) were found to be MBL and KPC co-producers and the rest of the 3(5%) isolates were negative for both MBL and KPC production, as was seen by combined disc testing. CONCLUSION The combined disc test is a simple test which can be used for differentiation of carbapenemases and it can be easily incorporated in routine microbiology lab testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Sood
- Senior Microbiologist, Department of Laboratory Medicine (SRL Ltd.), Fortis Escorts Hospital , Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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32
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Li J, Liu F, Wang Q, Ge P, Woo PCY, Yan J, Zhao Y, Gao GF, Liu CH, Liu C. Genomic and transcriptomic analysis of NDM-1 Klebsiella pneumoniae in spaceflight reveal mechanisms underlying environmental adaptability. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6216. [PMID: 25163721 PMCID: PMC4147364 DOI: 10.1038/srep06216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence and rapid spread of New Delhi Metallo-beta-lactamase-1 (NDM-1)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains has caused a great concern worldwide. To better understand the mechanisms underlying environmental adaptation of those highly drug-resistant K. pneumoniae strains, we took advantage of the China's Shenzhou 10 spacecraft mission to conduct comparative genomic and transcriptomic analysis of a NDM-1 K. pneumoniae strain (ATCC BAA-2146) being cultivated under different conditions. The samples were recovered from semisolid medium placed on the ground (D strain), in simulated space condition (M strain), or in Shenzhou 10 spacecraft (T strain) for analysis. Our data revealed multiple variations underlying pathogen adaptation into different environments in terms of changes in morphology, H2O2 tolerance and biofilm formation ability, genomic stability and regulation of metabolic pathways. Additionally, we found a few non-coding RNAs to be differentially regulated. The results are helpful for better understanding the adaptive mechanisms of drug-resistant bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- 1] Nanlou Respiratory Diseases Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China [2] School of medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Fei Liu
- CAS key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qi Wang
- CAS key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Pupu Ge
- CAS key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, University Pathology Building, Compound Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinghua Yan
- CAS key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yanlin Zhao
- National Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.155 Changbei Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - George F Gao
- CAS key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Cui Hua Liu
- CAS key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Changting Liu
- Nanlou Respiratory Diseases Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
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Molecular analysis of ciprofloxacin resistance mechanisms in Malaysian ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates and development of mismatch amplification mutation assays (MAMA) for rapid detection of gyrA and parC mutations. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:601630. [PMID: 24860827 PMCID: PMC4000930 DOI: 10.1155/2014/601630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ninety-three Malaysian extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were investigated for ciprofloxacin resistance. Two mismatch amplification mutation (MAMA) assays were developed and used to facilitate rapid detection of gyrA and parC mutations. The isolates were also screened for plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes including aac(6′)-Ib-cr, qepA, and qnr. Ciprofloxacin resistance (MICs 4– ≥ 32 μg/mL) was noted in 34 (37%) isolates, of which 33 isolates had multiple mutations either in gyrA alone (n = 1) or in both gyrA and parC regions (n = 32). aac(6′)-Ib-cr was the most common PMQR gene detected in this study (n = 61), followed by qnrB and qnrS (n = 55 and 1, resp.). Low-level ciprofloxacin resistance (MICs 1-2 μg/mL) was noted in 40 (43%) isolates carrying qnrB accompanied by either aac(6′)-Ib-cr (n = 34) or a single gyrA 83 mutation (n = 6). Ciprofloxacin resistance was significantly associated with the presence of multiple mutations in gyrA and parC regions. While the isolates harbouring gyrA and/or parC alteration were distributed into 11 PFGE clusters, no specific clusters were associated with isolates carrying PMQR genes. The high prevalence of ciprofloxacin resistance amongst the Malaysian ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae isolates suggests the need for more effective infection control measures to limit the spread of these resistant organisms in the hospital.
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Structural diversity of class 1 integrons and their associated gene cassettes in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from a hospital in China. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75805. [PMID: 24098729 PMCID: PMC3786929 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Klebsiella pneumoniae strains carrying class 1 integrons are becoming more common worldwide, and their role in the dissemination of drug resistance is significant. The aim of this study was to characterize the structural diversity of class 1 integrons and their associated gene cassettes in K. pneumoniae isolates from hospital settings. Methodology/Principal Findings We analyzed a total of 176 K. pneumoniae isolates in a tertiary-care hospital in Beijing, China for the period of November 1, 2010-October 31, 2011. The presence of class 1 integrons and gene cassettes was analyzed by PCR and sequencing. The prevalence of class 1 integrons was 51.1% (90/176). Fourteen different gene cassettes and 10 different gene cassette arrays were detected. dfrA and aadA cassettes were predominant and cassette combination dfrA1-orfC was most frequently found (13.6%, 24/176). Strong association between resistance to a variety of drugs (both phenotypes and the associated genes) and the presence of class 1 integrons was observed. In addition, we also identified an association between some previously identified prevalent sequence types (such as ST11, ST15, ST147, ST562, and ST716) and the presence of class 1 integrons. Conclusions/Significance Data from this study demonstrated that class 1 integrons are highly diverse and are associated with a variety of drug resistance phenotypes, drug resistance genes, as well as genotypes among K. pneumoniae isolates. Continuous monitoring of gene cassettes in class 1 integrons is warranted to improve the understanding and control of drug resistance among hospital settings.
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35
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Wang Q, Li B, Tsang AKL, Yi Y, Woo PCY, Liu CH. Genotypic analysis of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in a Beijing Hospital reveals high genetic diversity and clonal population structure of drug-resistant isolates. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57091. [PMID: 23437318 PMCID: PMC3578803 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic diversity and the clinical relevance of the drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from hospital settings are largely unknown. We thus conducted this prospective study to analyze the molecular epidemiology of K. pneumoniae isolates from patients being treated in the 306 Hospital in Beijing, China for the period of November 1, 2010-October 31, 2011. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Antibiotic susceptibility testing, PCR amplification and sequencing of the drug resistance-associated genes, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were conducted. A total of 163 isolates were analyzed. The percentage of MDR, XDR and PDR isolates were 63.8% (104), 20.9 (34), and 1.8% (3), respectively. MLST results showed that 60 sequence types (STs) were identified, which were further separated by eBURST into 13 clonal complexes and 18 singletons. The most dominant ST was ST15 (10.4%). Seven new alleles and 24 new STs were first identified in this study. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that certain clinical characteristics were associated with those prevalent STs such as: from ICU, from medical ward, from community acquired infection, from patients without heart disease, from patients with treatment success, susceptible to extended spectrum cephalosporin, susceptible to cephamycins, susceptible to fluoroquinolones, and with MDR. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our data indicate that certain drug-resistant K. pneumoniae clones are highly prevalent and are associated with certain clinical characteristics in hospital settings. Our study provides evidence demonstrating that intensive nosocomial infection control measures are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Alan K. L. Tsang
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yong Yi
- The 306 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Patrick C. Y. Woo
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- * E-mail: (CHL); (PCYW)
| | - Cui Hua Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (CHL); (PCYW)
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