1
|
Toro AU, Shukla SK, Bansal P. Emerging role of MicroRNA-Based theranostics in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:7681-7691. [PMID: 37418086 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08586-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with its high mortality and short survival rate, continues to be one of the deadliest malignancies despite relentless efforts and several technological advances. The poor prognosis of HCC and the few available treatments are to blame for the low survival rate, which emphasizes the importance of creating new, effective diagnostic markers and innovative therapy strategies. In-depth research is being done on the potent biomarker miRNAs, a special class of non-coding RNA and has shown encouraging results in the early identification and treatment of HCC in order to find more viable and successful therapeutics for the disease. It is beyond dispute that miRNAs control cell differentiation, proliferation, and survival and, depending on the genes they target, can either promote tumorigenesis or suppress it. Given the vital role miRNAs play in the biological system and their potential to serve as ground-breaking treatments for HCC, more study is required to fully examine their theranostic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhakim Umar Toro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shobhit institute of Engineering and Technology (Deemed to-be-University), Modipuram, Meerut, 250110, India
| | - Sudheesh K Shukla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shobhit institute of Engineering and Technology (Deemed to-be-University), Modipuram, Meerut, 250110, India.
| | - Parveen Bansal
- University Centre of Excellence in Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, 151203, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang T, Feng L, Shi Z, Yang L, Yu X, Wu J, Sun J, Zhang J, Feng Y, Wang W. A negative feedback loop between KLF9 and the EMT program dictates metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:2372-2384. [PMID: 37400979 PMCID: PMC10424290 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the primary cause of death of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), while the mechanism underlying this severe disease remains largely unclear. The Kruppel-like factor (KLF) family is one of the largest transcription factor families that control multiple physiologic and pathologic processes by governing the cellular transcriptome. To identify metastatic regulators of HCC, we conducted gene expression profiling on the MHCC97 cell series, a set of subclones of the original MHCC97 that was established by in vivo metastasis selection therefore harbouring differential metastatic capacities. We found that the expression of KLF9, a member of the KLF family, was dramatically repressed in the metastatic progeny clone of the MHCC97 cells. Functional studies revealed overexpression of KLF9 suppressed HCC migration in vitro and metastasis in vivo, while knockdown of KLF9 was sufficient to promote cell migration and metastasis accordingly. Mechanistically, we found the expression of KLF9 can reverse the pro-metastatic epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program via direct binding to the promoter regions of essential mesenchymal genes, thus repressing their expression. Interestingly, we further revealed that KLF9 was, in turn, directly suppressed by a mesenchymal transcription factor Slug, suggesting an intriguing negative feedback loop between KLF9 and the EMT program. Using clinical samples, we found that KLF9 was not only downregulated in HCC tissue compared to its normal counterparts but also further reduced in the HCC samples of whom had developed metastatic lesions. Together, we established a critical transcription factor that represses HCC metastasis, which is clinically and mechanically significant in HCC therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Interventional OncologyRenji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Limin Feng
- Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Zhong Shi
- Department of Medical OncologyZhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouChina
| | - Lixian Yang
- First Affiliated HospitalInstitute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xiaofu Yu
- Department of Thoracic RadiotherapyZhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouChina
| | - Jinsong Wu
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jirui Sun
- Department of PathologyBaoding NO.1 Central HospitalBaodingChina
| | - Jinku Zhang
- Department of PathologyBaoding NO.1 Central HospitalBaodingChina
| | - Yuxiong Feng
- First Affiliated HospitalInstitute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Weilin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Karaś K, Karwaciak I, Chałaśkiewicz K, Sałkowska A, Pastwińska J, Bachorz RA, Ratajewski M. Anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor AT7519. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:115002. [PMID: 37311277 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancerous tumors and one of the leading causes of death among cancer-related disorders. Chemotherapy is ineffective in HCC patients, and the number of drugs that are in use is limited. Thus, new molecules are needed that could increase the effectiveness of anti-HCC regimens. Here, we show that AT7519, a CDK inhibitor, exerts positive effects on HCC cells: it inhibits proliferation, migration and clonogenicity. Detailed analysis of the transcriptomes of cells treated with this compound indicated that AT7519 affects a substantial portion of genes that are associated with HCC development and progression. Moreover, we showed that the concomitant use of AT7519 with gefitinib or cabozantinib sensitized HCC cells to these drugs. Thus, our research indicates that AT7519 is worth considering in monotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma patients or in combination with other drugs, e.g., gefitinib or cabozantinib.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Karaś
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
| | - Iwona Karwaciak
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Chałaśkiewicz
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Sałkowska
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Pastwińska
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafał A Bachorz
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Ratajewski
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Lodz, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li Y, Wang Y, Zou Q, Li S, Zhang F. KLF3 Transcription Activates WNT1 and Promotes the Growth and Metastasis of Gastric Cancer via Activation of the WNT/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100078. [PMID: 36827869 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Krüppel-like factor (KLF) 3 is one of the members of the KLF family, which plays an important role in tumor progression. Nevertheless, the role of KLF3 in the growth and metastasis of gastric cancer (GC) still needs to be elucidated. Bioinformatics analysis showed that KLF3 was overexpressed in patients with GC, and the high expression of KLF3 was correlated with poor survival. KLF3 was also overexpressed in GC clinical samples and cell lines. In vitro functional role of KLF3 in GC cells was explored by a gain-of-function and loss-of-function assay. Overexpressed KLF3 promoted the cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of GC cells, whereas suppressed KLF3 inhibited these biological behaviors. The clinical samples and bioinformatics analysis showed that WNT1 was also highly expressed in GC tumor tissues and positively correlated with KLF3 expression. The luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation result confirmed that KLF3 could directly bind to the WNT1 promoter to increase the transcriptional activity of WNT1, thus regulating its expression. Overexpressed KLF3 enhanced the protein expression level of p-GSK3β(Ser9) and β-catenin, the key elements in the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway. Repression of KLF3 decreased the level of p-GSK3β(Ser9) and β-catenin. Immunofluorescence images showed that KLF3 promoted nuclear β-catenin accumulation. Inhibition of WNT1 attenuated the proliferation, migration, and invasiveness of KLF3-overexpressing GC cells. Moreover, the xenograft mouse model confirmed that KLF3 promotes GC tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Our results demonstrated that KLF3 activates the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway via WNT1 to promote GC tumor growth and metastasis, indicating that repression of KLF3 may act as a potential therapeutic target for patients with GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Endoscopy Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Qinguang Zou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shouqing Li
- Tumor Integrative Medicine Center, Jilin Province People's Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 efficiently reduces radiation-induced liver injury and lipid accumulation through Kruppel-like factor 4 upregulation both in vivo and in vitro. Life Sci 2022; 310:121072. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
6
|
SP and KLF Transcription Factors in Cancer Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179956. [PMID: 36077352 PMCID: PMC9456310 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor development and progression depend on reprogramming of signaling pathways that regulate cell metabolism. Alterations to various metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, lipid metabolism, and hexosamine biosynthesis pathway are crucial to sustain increased redox, bioenergetic, and biosynthesis demands of a tumor cell. Transcription factors (oncogenes and tumor suppressors) play crucial roles in modulating these alterations, and their functions are tethered to major metabolic pathways under homeostatic conditions and disease initiation and advancement. Specificity proteins (SPs) and Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are closely related transcription factors characterized by three highly conserved zinc fingers domains that interact with DNA. Studies have demonstrated that SP and KLF transcription factors are expressed in various tissues and regulate diverse processes such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, inflammation, and tumorigenesis. This review highlights the role of SP and KLF transcription factors in the metabolism of various cancers and their impact on tumorigenesis. A better understanding of the role and underlying mechanisms governing the metabolic changes during tumorigenesis could provide new therapeutic opportunities for cancer treatment.
Collapse
|
7
|
Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Conditioned Media Regulate Steroidogenesis and Inhibit Androgen Secretion in a PCOS Cell Model via BMP-2. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179184. [PMID: 34502090 PMCID: PMC8431467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women. Previous studies have demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-hMSCs) for PCOS; however, the regulatory mechanism remains unknown. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) secreted by BM-hMSCs may underlie the therapeutic effect of these cells on PCOS, based on the ability of BMPs to modulate androgen production and alter steroidogenesis pathway enzymes. In this study, we analyze the effect of BMP-2 on androgen production and steroidogenic pathway enzymes in H295R cells as a human PCOS in vitro cell model. In H295R cells, BMP-2 significantly suppressed cell proliferation, androgen production, and expression of androgen-synthesizing genes, as well as inflammatory gene expression. Furthermore, H295R cells treated with the BM-hMSCs secretome in the presence of neutralizing BMP-2 antibody or with BMP-2 gene knockdown showed augmented expression of androgen-producing genes. Taken together, these results indicate that BMP-2 is a key player mediating the favorable effects of the BM-hMSCs secretome in a human PCOS cell model. BMP-2 overexpression could increase the efficacy of BM-hMSC-based therapy, serving as a novel stem cell therapy for patients with intractable PCOS.
Collapse
|
8
|
Sun DP, Tian YF, Lin CC, Hung ST, Uen YH, Hseu YC, Chou CL, Cheng LC, Wang WC, Kuang YY, Fang CL, Lin KY. A novel mechanism driving poor-prognostic gastric cancer: overexpression of the transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 16 promotes growth and metastasis of gastric cancer through regulating the Notch pathway. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:2717-2735. [PMID: 34249424 PMCID: PMC8263687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide and has high rates of morbidity and mortality. This study investigated the role of Krüppel-like factor 16 (KLF16) in GC. Real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry were used to examine the expression of KLF16 in gastric cells and tissues. Gene overexpression and silencing were applied to study the involvement of KLF16 in GC cell growth and metastasis along with its underlying mechanism. The results indicate that KLF16 overexpression is significantly associated with nodal status, distant metastasis, staging, degree of differentiation, vascular invasion, and patient survival. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis revealed that the overexpression of KLF16 is an independent prognostic biomarker of GC. The in vitro study revealed that up-regulated KLF16 accelerates cell growth and metastasis, whereas the inhibition of KLF16 suppresses these cellular activities. The results of an animal study also indicated that the overexpression and silencing of KLF16 accelerate and repress xenograft proliferation and metastasis. Further studies of affected cell growth and metastasis revealed that KLF16 modulates the cell cycle and epithelial-mesenchymal transition through transcriptional regulation of microfibrillar-associated protein 5. Collectively, these results reveal that KLF16 overexpression is a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for the treatment of GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Ping Sun
- Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical CenterTainan 71004, Taiwan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and ScienceTainan 71710, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng Tian
- Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical CenterTainan 71004, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chan Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical CenterTainan 71004, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ting Hung
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical CenterTainan 71004, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Huei Uen
- Department of Surgery, Asia University HospitalTaichung 41354, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia UniversityTaichung 41354, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Tainan Municipal An-Nan HospitalTainan 70965, Taiwan
| | - You-Cheng Hseu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical UniversityTaichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia UniversityTaichung 41354, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical UniversityTaichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Chou
- Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical CenterTainan 71004, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chin Cheng
- Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical CenterTainan 71004, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ching Wang
- Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical CenterTainan 71004, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yu Kuang
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical CenterTainan 71004, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lang Fang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yuan Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical CenterTainan 71004, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and ScienceTainan 71710, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kitazawa S, Takaoka Y, Ueda Y, Kitazawa R. Identification of calmodulin-like protein 5 as tumor-suppressor gene silenced during early stage of carcinogenesis in squamous cell carcinoma of uterine cervix. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:1358-1368. [PMID: 33997976 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In the course of identifying the molecular mechanism that is related to strong cell-cell adhesion in stratified structures of the squamous epithelium, calmodulin-like protein 5 (CALML5) was identified as a spinous structure-associated protein by producing monoclonal antibodies with the use of the crude intercellular portion of squamous tissue as an immunogen and by subsequent morphologic screening. By electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and a series of mutagenesis studies, two transcription factors, ZNF750 and KLF4, by binding in line to the CALML5 gene promoter, were found to play a central role in CALML5 transcription. Knockdown of CALML5 by siRNA in the A431 cell line that expresses high levels of CALML5 resulted in the acceleration of wound confluence in a scratch assay, indicating that CALML5 functions as a tumor-suppressor in uterine cervical cancer. Immunohistochemical evaluation of squamous intraepithelial lesions, carcinoma in situ (CIS) and invasive uterine cancer, revealed a reduction in CALML5 expression during the stages of CIS through various molecular pathways including the blockage of the nuclear translocation of KLF4. Conversely, restoration of the nuclear translocation of KLF4 by inhibiting ERK-signaling reactivated CALML5 expression in ME180 cells expressing low levels of CALML5. Thus, alteration of the p63-ZNF750-KLF4 axis may result in critical functional loss of CALM-related genes during cancer progression. Although the morphological association of CALML5 with the spiny-structure in relation to cell motility is not clear, evaluation of CALML5 expression provides a useful diagnostic indicator of differentiating dysplasia, preinvasive and invasive cervical cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sohei Kitazawa
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon City, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yuki Takaoka
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon City, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ueda
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon City, Ehime, Japan.,Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Ehime University Hospital, Toon City, Ehime, Japan
| | - Riko Kitazawa
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Ehime University Hospital, Toon City, Ehime, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang SH, Chen YL, Hsiao JR, Tsai FY, Jiang SS, Lee AYL, Tsai HJ, Chen YW. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 promotes radiosensitivity of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells via positive feedback on NF-κB/IL-6/ROS signaling. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:95. [PMID: 33712045 PMCID: PMC7955639 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01898-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ectopic insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) expression has been shown to enhance cell migration and lymph node metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. However, OSCC patients with high IGFBP3 expression had improved survival compared with those with low expression. Therefore, we speculated that IGFBP3 expression may play a role in response to conventional OSCC therapies, such as radiotherapy. Methods We used in vitro and in vivo analyses to explore IGFBP3-mediated radiosensitivity. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection by flow cytometry was used to confirm IGFBP3-mediated ionizing radiation (IR)-induced apoptosis. Geneset enrichment analysis (GSEA) and ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) were used to analyze the relationship between IGFBP3 and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling. Assays involving an NF-κB inhibitor, ROS scavenger or interleukin 6 (IL-6) were used to evaluate the NF-κB/IL-6/ROS signaling in IGFBP3-mediated radiosensitivity. Results Ectopic IGFBP3 expression enhanced IR-induced cell-killing in vitro. In vivo, IGFBP3 reduced tumor growth and increased apoptotic signals of tumor tissues in immunocompromised mice treated with IR. Combined with IR, ectopic IGFBP3 expression induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, which was apparent through mitochondrial destruction and increased ROS production. Ectopic IGFBP3 expression enhanced NK-κB activation and downstream cytokine expression. After IR exposure, IGFBP3-induced NF-κB activation was inhibited by the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). IGFBP3-mediated ROS production was reduced by the NF-κB inhibitor BMS-345541, while exogenous IL-6 rescued the NF-κB-inhibited, IGFBP3-mediated ROS production. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that IGFBP3, a potential biomarker for radiosensitivity, promotes IR-mediated OSCC cell death by increasing ROS production through NF-κB activation and cytokine production. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-021-01898-7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ssu-Han Wang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Jenn-Ren Hsiao
- Department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yu Tsai
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Shih Sheng Jiang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Alan Yueh-Luen Lee
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Jen Tsai
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen YL, Yen YC, Jang CW, Wang SH, Huang HT, Chen CH, Hsiao JR, Chang JY, Chen YW. Ephrin A4-ephrin receptor A10 signaling promotes cell migration and spheroid formation by upregulating NANOG expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:644. [PMID: 33436772 PMCID: PMC7804096 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80060-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ephrin type-A receptor 10 (EPHA10) has been implicated as a potential target for breast and prostate cancer therapy. However, its involvement in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unclear. We demonstrated that EPHA10 supports in vivo tumor growth and lymphatic metastasis of OSCC cells. OSCC cell migration, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), and sphere formation were found to be regulated by EPHA10, and EPHA10 was found to drive expression of some EMT- and stemness-associated transcription factors. Among EPHA10 ligands, exogenous ephrin A4 (EFNA4) induced the most OSCC cell migration and sphere formation, as well as up-regulation of SNAIL, NANOG, and OCT4. These effects were abolished by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibition and NANOG knockdown. Also, EPHA10 was required for EFNA4-induced cell migration, sphere formation, and expression of NANOG and OCT4 mRNA. Our microarray dataset revealed that EFNA4 mRNA expression was associated with expression of NANOG and OCT4 mRNA, and OSCC patients showing high co-expression of EFNA4 with NANOG or OCT4 mRNA demonstrated poor recurrence-free survival rates. Targeting forward signaling of the EFNA4-EPHA10 axis may be a promising therapeutic approach for oral malignancies, and the combination of EFNA4 mRNA and downstream gene expression may be a useful prognostic biomarker for OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lin Chen
- grid.59784.370000000406229172National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, 35053 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Yen
- grid.59784.370000000406229172National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, 35053 Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Wei Jang
- grid.59784.370000000406229172National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, 35053 Taiwan
| | - Ssu-Han Wang
- grid.59784.370000000406229172National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, 35053 Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ting Huang
- grid.59784.370000000406229172National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, 35053 Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsing Chen
- grid.59784.370000000406229172Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan ,grid.59784.370000000406229172Taiwan Bioinformatics Core, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Jenn-Ren Hsiao
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Yang Chang
- grid.59784.370000000406229172National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, 35053 Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Chen
- grid.59784.370000000406229172National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, 35053 Taiwan ,grid.254145.30000 0001 0083 6092Ph.D. Program for Aging, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Romidepsin hepatocellular carcinoma suppression in mice is associated with deregulated gene expression of bone morphogenetic protein and Notch signaling pathway components. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:551-562. [PMID: 33393006 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06089-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Recently, our group showed that Romidepsin, a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), suppressed diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in mice. In the present study, we investigated the effect of Romidepsin-treatment on gene expression levels of components of Bmp and Notch signaling pathways, which are both known to be aberrantly regulated in hepatocarcinogenesis. Total RNA from liver tissue samples and paraffin-embedded livers were retrieved from a recent experiment where C57BL/6 mice were treated with Romidepsin 10 months after DEN challenge and sacrificed 2 months later. RT qPCR was used for quantification of gene expression and immunohistochemistry for in situ protein detection. Regarding Bmp pathway, Romidepsin HCC-suppression was found to correlate significantly with Bmp2 and Bmp7 ligand up- and down-regulation, respectively. Intracellularly, Romidepsin-treated HCC mice exhibited a significant elevation of Bmp-inhibitor Smurf2 and Bmp-target gene Id3, as compared to the HCC untreated controls. Concerning Notch signaling, higher expression levels of ligands Jag1/Dll4, accompanied by a decreased expression of receptor Notch2, were identified in the Romidepsin-treated group. Τhe anti-oncogenic effect of Romidepsin, also correlated significantly with an increased expression of Hes1 target, as well as an up- and down-regulation of Klf4 and Sox9 transcription factors, respectively. Moreover, the cancer-related genes Snai2 and p21, known to be involved in many signaling pathways, including Bmp and Notch, were also found to be downregulated in Romidepsin-treated mice. Romidepsin HCC suppression is associated with gene expression deregulation of selective components of both Bmp and Notch signaling cascades.
Collapse
|
13
|
Impact of KLF4 on Cell Proliferation and Epithelial Differentiation in the Context of Cystic Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186717. [PMID: 32937756 PMCID: PMC7555189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) cells display a more cancer-like phenotype vs. non-CF cells. KLF4 overexpression has been described in CF and this transcriptional factor acts as a negative regulator of wt-CFTR. KLF4 is described as exerting its effects in a cell-context-dependent fashion, but it is generally considered a major regulator of proliferation, differentiation, and wound healing, all the processes that are also altered in CF. Therefore, it is relevant to characterize the differential role of KLF4 in these processes in CF vs. non-CF cells. To this end, we used wt- and F508del-CFTR CFBE cells and their respective KLF4 knockout (KO) counterparts to evaluate processes like cell proliferation, polarization, and wound healing, as well as to compare the expression of several epithelial differentiation markers. Our data indicate no major impact of KLF4 KO in proliferation and a differential impact of KLF4 KO in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) acquisition and wound healing in wt- vs. F508del-CFTR cells. In parallel, we also observed a differential impact on the levels of some differentiation markers and epithelial-mesencymal transition (EMT)-associated transcription factors. In conclusion, KLF4 impacts TEER acquisition, wound healing, and the expression of differentiation markers in a way that is partially dependent on the CFTR-status of the cell.
Collapse
|
14
|
A Novel Function for KLF4 in Modulating the De-differentiation of EpCAM -/CD133 - nonStem Cells into EpCAM +/CD133 + Liver Cancer Stem Cells in HCC Cell Line HuH7. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051198. [PMID: 32408542 PMCID: PMC7290717 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex and heterogeneous nature of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) hampers the identification of effective therapeutic strategies. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a fraction of cells within tumors with the ability to self-renew and differentiate, and thus significantly contribute to the formation and maintenance of heterogeneous tumor mass. Increasing evidence indicates high plasticity in tumor cells, suggesting that non-CSCs could acquire stem cell properties through de-differentiation or reprogramming processes. In this paper, we reveal KLF4 as a transcription factor that can induce a CSC-like phenotype in non-CSCs through upregulating the EpCAM and E-CAD expression. Our studies indicated that KLF4 could directly bind to the promoter of EpCAM and increase the number of EpCAM+/CD133+ liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) in the HuH7 HCC cell line. When KLF4 was overexpressed in EpCAM−/CD133− non-stem cells, the expressions of hepatic stem/progenitor cell genes such as CK19, EpCAM and LGR5 were significantly increased. KLF4 overexpressing non-stem cells exhibited greater cell viability upon sorafenib treatment, while the cell migration and invasion capabilities of these cells were suppressed. Importantly, we detected an increased membranous expression and colocalization of β-CAT, E-CAD and EpCAM in the KLF4-overexpressing EpCAM−/CD133− non-stem cells, suggesting that this complex might be required for the cancer stem cell phenotype. Moreover, our in vivo xenograft studies demonstrated that with a KLF4 overexpression, EpCAM−/CD133− non-stem cells attained an in vivo tumor forming ability comparable to EpCAM+/CD133+ LCSCs, and the tumor specimens from KLF4-overexpressing xenografts had increased levels of both the KLF4 and EpCAM proteins. Additionally, we identified a correlation between the KLF4 and EpCAM protein expressions in human HCC tissues independent of the tumor stage and differentiation status. Collectively, our data suggest a novel function for KLF4 in modulating the de-differentiation of tumor cells and the induction of EpCAM+/CD133+ LCSCs in HuH7 HCC cells.
Collapse
|
15
|
Leng Z, Li Y, Zhou G, Lv X, Ai W, Li J, Hou L. Krüppel-like factor 4 regulates stemness and mesenchymal properties of colorectal cancer stem cells through the TGF-β1/Smad/snail pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:1866-1877. [PMID: 31830379 PMCID: PMC6991673 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) was closely associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stemness in colorectal cancer stem cells (CSCs)-enriched spheroid cells. Nonetheless, the underlying molecular mechanism is unclear. This study showed that KLF4 overexpression was accompanied with stemness and mesenchymal features in Lgr5+ CD44+ EpCAM+ colorectal CSCs. KLF4 knockdown suppressed stemness, mesenchymal features and activation of the TGF-β1 pathway, whereas enforced KLF4 overexpression activated TGF-β1, phosphorylation of Smad 2/3 and Snail expression, and restored stemness and mesenchymal phenotypes. Furthermore, TGF-β1 pathway inhibition invalidated KLF4-facilitated stemness and mesenchymal features without affecting KLF4 expression. The data from the current study are the first to demonstrate that KLF4 maintains stemness and mesenchymal properties through the TGF-β1/Smad/Snail pathway in Lgr5+ CD44+ EpCAM+ colorectal CSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwei Leng
- Northeast Sichuan Acute Pancreatic Research CenterNorth Sichuan Medical CollegeSichuanChina
- Cancer Stem Cells Research CenterAffiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical CollegeSichuanChina
| | - Yong Li
- Northeast Sichuan Acute Pancreatic Research CenterNorth Sichuan Medical CollegeSichuanChina
| | - Guojun Zhou
- Northeast Sichuan Acute Pancreatic Research CenterNorth Sichuan Medical CollegeSichuanChina
| | - Xiaojiang Lv
- Northeast Sichuan Acute Pancreatic Research CenterNorth Sichuan Medical CollegeSichuanChina
| | - Walden Ai
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Health ScienceBenedict CollegeColumbiaSCUSA
| | - Jianshui Li
- Northeast Sichuan Acute Pancreatic Research CenterNorth Sichuan Medical CollegeSichuanChina
| | - Lingmi Hou
- Northeast Sichuan Acute Pancreatic Research CenterNorth Sichuan Medical CollegeSichuanChina
- Cancer Stem Cells Research CenterAffiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical CollegeSichuanChina
- Thyriod and Breast SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical CollegeSichuanChina
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Weidle UH, Schmid D, Birzele F, Brinkmann U. MicroRNAs Involved in Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Target Candidates, Functionality and Efficacy in Animal Models and Prognostic Relevance. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2020; 17:1-21. [PMID: 31882547 PMCID: PMC6937123 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is responsible for the second-leading cancer-related death toll worldwide. Although sorafenib and levantinib as frontline therapy and regorafenib, cabazantinib and ramicurimab have now been approved for second-line therapy, the therapeutic benefit is in the range of only a few months with respect to prolongation of survival. Aggressiveness of HCC is mediated by metastasis. Intrahepatic metastases and distant metastasis to the lungs, lymph nodes, bones, omentum, adrenal gland and brain have been observed. Therefore, the identification of metastasis-related new targets and treatment modalities is of paramount importance. In this review, we focus on metastasis-related microRNAs (miRs) as therapeutic targets for HCC. We describe miRs which mediate or repress HCC metastasis in mouse xenograft models. We discuss 18 metastasis-promoting miRs and 35 metastasis-inhibiting miRs according to the criteria as outlined. Six of the metastasis-promoting miRs (miR-29a, -219-5p, -331-3p, 425-5p, -487a and -1247-3p) are associated with unfavourable clinical prognosis. Another set of six down-regulated miRs (miR-101, -129-3p, -137, -149, -503, and -630) correlate with a worse clinical prognosis. We discuss the corresponding metastasis-related targets as well as their potential as therapeutic modalities for treatment of HCC-related metastasis. A subset of up-regulated miRs -29a, -219-5p and -425-5p and down-regulated miRs -129-3p and -630 were evaluated in orthotopic metastasis-related models which are suitable to mimic HCC-related metastasis. Those miRNAs may represent prioritized targets emerging from our survey.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich H Weidle
- Large Molecule Research, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Schmid
- Large Molecule Research, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Birzele
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Brinkmann
- Large Molecule Research, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
ERK Activation Modulates Cancer Stemness and Motility of a Novel Mouse Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Line. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:cancers12010061. [PMID: 31878324 PMCID: PMC7016611 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We established the NHRI-HN1 cell line from a mouse tongue tumor induced by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO)/arecoline, with further selection for cell stemness via in vitro sphere culture, to evaluate potential immunotherapies for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in East and Southeast Asia. In vivo and in vitro phenotypic characterization, including tumor growth, immune modulator administration, gene expression, morphology, migration, invasion, and sphere formation assays, were conducted. NHRI-HN1 cells are capable of generating orthotopic tumors in syngeneic mice. Interestingly, immune stimulation via CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) dramatically reduced the tumor growth in NHRI-HN1 cell-injected syngeneic mice. The pathways enriched in genes that were differentially expressed in NHRI-HN1 cells when compared to non-tumorigenic cells were similar to those that were identified when comparing human OSCC and non-tumorous tissues. NHRI-HN1 cells have characteristics of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), including enhanced migration and invasion. NHRI-HN1 cells showed aggressive cell growth and sphere formation. The blockage of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation suppressed cell migration and reduced stemness characteristics in NHRI-HN1 cells, similar to human OSCC cell lines. Our data suggest that NHRI-HN1 cells, showing tumorigenic characteristics of EMT, cancer stemness, and ERK activation, are sufficient in modeling human OSCC and also competent for use in investigating oral cancer immunotherapies.
Collapse
|
18
|
Agbo KC, Huang JZ, Ghaleb AM, Williams JL, Shroyer KR, Bialkowska AB, Yang VW. Loss of the Krüppel-like factor 4 tumor suppressor is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 5. [PMID: 32566755 PMCID: PMC7304562 DOI: 10.20517/2394-4722.2019.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aim: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cancer-related cause of death due to its propensity to metastasize. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a multistep process important for invasion and metastasis of CRC. Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a zinc finger transcription factor highly expressed in differentiated cells of the intestinal epithelium. KLF4 has been shown to play a tumor suppressor role during CRC tumorigenesis - its loss accelerates development and progression of cancer. The present study examined the relationship between KLF4 and markers of EMT in CRC. Methods: Immunofluorescence staining for KLF4 and EMT markers was performed on archived patient samples after colorectal cancer resection and on colonic tissues of mice with colitis-associated cancer. Results: We found that KLF4 expression is lost in tumor sections obtained from CRC patients and in those of mouse colon following azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS) treatment when compared to their respective normal appearing mucosa. Importantly, in CRC patient tumor sections, we observed a negative correlation between KLF4 levels and mesenchymal markers including TWIST, β-catenin, claudin-1, N-cadherin, and vimentin. Similarly, in tumor tissues from AOM/DSS-treated mice, KLF4 levels were negatively correlated with mesenchymal markers including SNAI2, β-catenin, and vimentin and positively correlated with the epithelial marker E-cadherin. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the loss of KLF4 expression is a potentially significant indicator of EMT in CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley C Agbo
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Jessie Z Huang
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Amr M Ghaleb
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Jennie L Williams
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Kenneth R Shroyer
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Agnieszka B Bialkowska
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Vincent W Yang
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mechanism of KLF4 Protection against Acute Liver Injury via Inhibition of Apelin Signaling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6140360. [PMID: 31687083 PMCID: PMC6811788 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6140360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a key transcription factor that regulates genes involved in the proliferation or differentiation in different tissues. Apelin plays roles in cardiovascular functions, metabolic disease, and homeostatic disorder. However, the biological function of apelin in liver disease is still ongoing. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of KLF4-mediated protection against acute liver injury via the inhibition of the apelin signaling pathway. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4; 0.2 mL dissolved in 100 mL olive oil, 10 mL/kg) to establish an acute liver injury model. A KLF4 expression plasmid was injected through the tail vein 48 h before CCl4 treatment. In cultured LX-2 cells, pAd-KLF4 or siRNA KLF4 was overexpressed or knockdown, and the mRNA and protein levels of apelin were determined. The results showed that the apelin serum level in the CCl4-injected group was higher than that of control group, and the expression of apelin in the liver tissues was elevated while KLF4 expression was decreased in the CCl4-injected group compared to the KLF4-plasmid-injected group. HE staining revealed serious hepatocellular steatosis in the CCl4-injected mice, and KLF4 alleviated this steatosis in the mice injected with KLF4 plasmid. In vitro experiments showed that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) could downregulate the transcription and translation levels of apelin in LX-2 cells and also upregulate KLF4 mRNA and protein expression. RT-PCR and Western blotting showed that the overexpression of KLF4 markedly decreased basal apelin expression, but knockdown of KLF4 restored apelin expression in TNF-α-treated LX-2 cells. These in vivo and in vitro experiments suggest that KLF4 plays a key role in inhibiting hepatocellular steatosis in acute liver injury, and that its mechanism might be the inhibition of the apelin signaling pathway.
Collapse
|
20
|
Sun W, Hu S, Zu Y, Deng Y. KLF3 is a crucial regulator of metastasis by controlling STAT3 expression in lung cancer. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:1933-1945. [PMID: 31486564 PMCID: PMC6852579 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer‐related mortality worldwide, which is partially due to its metastasis. However, the mechanism underlying its metastasis remains elusive. In this study, we showed that a low Krüppel‐like factor 3 (KLF3) expression level is correlated with a poor prognosis and TNM stages in clinical patients with lung cancer and further demonstrated that KLF3 expression is downregulated in lung cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal samples. In addition, bioinformatics analysis results showed that KLF3 expression is related to lung cancer epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). In vitro and in vivo experiments also showed that KLF3 silencing promotes lung cancer EMT and enhances lung cancer metastasis. More importantly, bioinformatics analysis and in vitro experiments indicated that the role of KLF3 in lung cancer metastasis is dependent on the STAT3 signaling pathway. Overall, our data indicated the crucial function of KLF3 in lung cancer metastasis and suggested opportunities to improve the therapy of patients with lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yukun Zu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chen X, Ding X, Wu Q, Qi J, Zhu M, Miao C. Monomethyltransferase SET8 facilitates hepatocellular carcinoma growth by enhancing aerobic glycolysis. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:312. [PMID: 30952833 PMCID: PMC6450876 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1541-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most aggressive cancers worldwide. Despite such a public health importance, efficient therapeutic agents are still lacking for this malignancy. Most tumor cells use aerobic glycolysis to sustain anabolic growth, including HCC, and the preference of glycolysis often leads to a close association with poorer clinical outcomes. The histone methyltransferase SET8 plays crucial roles in controlling cell-cycle progression, transcription regulation, and tumorigenesis. However, it remains largely undefined whether SET8 affects the glucose metabolism in HCC. Here, we report that upregulation of SET8 is positively correlated with a poor survival rate in HCC patients. Both in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that SET8 deficiency conferred an impaired glucose metabolism phenotype and thus inhibited the progression of HCC tumors. By contrast, SET8 overexpression aggravated the glycolytic alterations and tumor progression. Mechanistically, SET8 directly binds to and inactivates KLF4, resulting in suppression of its downstream SIRT4. We also provided further evidence that mutations in SET8 failed to restrain the transactivation of SIRT4 by KLF4. Our data collectively uncover a novel mechanism of SET8 in mediating glycolytic metabolism in HCC cells and may provide a basis for targeting SET8 as a therapeutic strategy in HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyuan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaowei Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qichao Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jie Qi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Minmin Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Changhong Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, shanghai, 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chen YL, Wu WL, Jang CW, Yen YC, Wang SH, Tsai FY, Shen YY, Chen YW. Interferon-stimulated gene 15 modulates cell migration by interacting with Rac1 and contributes to lymph node metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Oncogene 2019; 38:4480-4495. [PMID: 30765861 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0731-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to understand the underlying mechanisms of lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), through in vivo selection, LN1-1 cells were previously established from OEC-M1 cells and showed enhanced lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis capabilities. In the current study, we use a stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based proteomic platform to compare LN1-1 to OEC-M1 cells. Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) was found highly expressed in LN1-1 cells. Immunohistochemical analysis and meta-analysis of publicly available microarray datasets revealed that the ISG15 level was increased in human OSCC tissues and associated with poor disease outcome. Knockdown of ISG15 had minimal effects on tumor growth but did decrease tumor lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis of LN1-1 cells. Consistent with the in vivo assay, ISG15 knockdown did not impair cell growth but diminished cell migration, invasion, and transendothelial migration in vitro. ISG15-induced cell migration was independent of ISGylation and associated with membrane protrusion. Ectopic expression of ISG15 increased Rac1 activity and knockdown of Rac1 impaired ISG15-enhanced migration. Furthermore, Rac1 colocalized with ISG15 to a region of membrane protrusion and ISG15 coimmunoprecipitated with Rac1, especially with the Rac1-GDP form. Importantly, as shown by proximity ligation assays, ISG15 and Rac1 physically interacted with each other. Our results indicated that ISG15 affects cell migration by interacting with Rac1 and regulating Rac1 activity and contributes to lymphatic metastasis in OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lin Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Lin Wu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Wei Jang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Yen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ssu-Han Wang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yu Tsai
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ying Shen
- Pathology Core Laboratory, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang SH, Liou GG, Liu SH, Chang JS, Hsiao JR, Yen YC, Chen YL, Wu WL, Chang JY, Chen YW. Laminin γ2-enriched extracellular vesicles of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells enhance in vitro lymphangiogenesis via integrin α3-dependent uptake by lymphatic endothelial cells. Int J Cancer 2019; 144:2795-2810. [PMID: 30485433 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) LN1-1 cells previously showed greater capacities for lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis compared to their parental OEC-M1 cells, in addition to an ability to enhance the migration and tube formation of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). Purified by a series of differential centrifugations and characterized using electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and western blot, LN1-1 cell-derived extracellular vesicles (LN1-1 EVs) were shown to promote LEC migration, tube formation and uptake by LECs more effectively than did OEC-M1 cell-derived EVs (OEC-M1 EVs). Using stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture/liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based proteomic platform, the laminin-332 proteins, including laminin α3, β3 and γ2, were validated as highly expressed proteins in LN1-1 EVs. Clinically, a higher level of laminin-332 was detected in plasma EVs from OSCC patients with lymph node metastasis than in both healthy controls and OSCC patients without lymphatic metastasis, suggesting EV-borne laminin-332 as a novel and noninvasive biomarker for the detection of lymph node metastasis in OSCC. The knockdown of laminin γ2 and inhibition by anti-laminin-332 neutralizing antibodies impaired LN1-1 EV-mediated LEC migration, tube formation and uptake by LECs. Importantly, laminin γ2-deficient EVs showed a reduced ability to drain into lymph nodes in comparison with the control EVs. In addition, the laminin 332/γ2-mediated EV uptake was dependent on integrin α3 but not β1, β4 or α6. Collectively, the uptake of laminin γ2-enriched EVs by LECs enhanced in vitro lymphangiogenesis and EV-borne laminin-332 is thus a viable biomarker for OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ssu-Han Wang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Gunn-Guang Liou
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Heng Liu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Jeffrey S Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jenn-Ren Hsiao
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Yen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ling Wu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Yang Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.,Ph.D. Program for Aging, Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tung B, Ma D, Wang S, Oyinlade O, Laterra J, Ying M, Lv SQ, Wei S, Xia S. Krüppel-like factor 9 and histone deacetylase inhibitors synergistically induce cell death in glioblastoma stem-like cells. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:1025. [PMID: 30348136 PMCID: PMC6198521 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4874-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The dismal prognosis of patients with glioblastoma (GBM) is attributed to a rare subset of cancer stem cells that display characteristics of tumor initiation, growth, and resistance to aggressive treatment involving chemotherapy and concomitant radiation. Recent research on the substantial role of epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of cancers has prompted the investigation of the enzymatic modifications of histone proteins for therapeutic drug targeting. In this work, we have examined the function of Krüppel-like factor 9 (KLF9), a transcription factor, in chemotherapy sensitization to histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDAC inhibitors). Methods Since GBM neurosphere cultures from patient-derived gliomas are enriched for GBM stem-like cells (GSCs) and form highly invasive and proliferative xenografts that recapitulate the features demonstrated in human patients diagnosed with GBM, we established inducible KLF9 expression systems in these GBM neurosphere cells and investigated cell death in the presence of epigenetic modulators such as histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. Results We demonstrated that KLF9 expression combined with HDAC inhibitor panobinostat (LBH589) dramatically induced glioma stem cell death via both apoptosis and necroptosis in a synergistic manner. The combination of KLF9 expression and LBH589 treatment affected cell cycle by substantially decreasing the percentage of cells at S-phase. This phenomenon is further corroborated by the upregulation of cell cycle inhibitors p21 and p27. Further, we determined that KLF9 and LBH589 regulated the expression of pro- and anti- apoptotic proteins, suggesting a mechanism that involves the caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway. In addition, we demonstrated that apoptosis and necrosis inhibitors conferred minimal protective effects against cell death, while inhibitors of the necroptosis pathway significantly blocked cell death. Conclusions Our findings suggest a detailed understanding of how KLF9 expression in cancer cells with epigenetic modulators like HDAC inhibitors may promote synergistic cell death through a mechanism involving both apoptosis and necroptosis that will benefit novel combinatory antitumor strategies to treat malignant brain tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Tung
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 707 N. Broadway, Room 400K, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Ding Ma
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 707 N. Broadway, Room 400K, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shuyan Wang
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 707 N. Broadway, Room 400K, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Olutobi Oyinlade
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 707 N. Broadway, Room 400K, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John Laterra
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 707 N. Broadway, Room 400K, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mingyao Ying
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 707 N. Broadway, Room 400K, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sheng-Qing Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Shuang Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shuli Xia
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 707 N. Broadway, Room 400K, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yu M, Hao B, Zhan Y, Luo G. Krüppel-like factor 4 expression in solid tumor prognosis: A meta-analysis. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 485:50-59. [PMID: 29940144 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating studies have demonstrated that Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) can act as a tumor suppressor or oncogene in the carcinogenesis of diverse cancers. The prognostic value of KLF4 in various human solid cancers remains controversial. Thus, the present meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the prognostic value of KLF4 in solid tumors. METHODS Eligible literature was retrieved by searching the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Combined hazard ratios (HRs) for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were assessed using fixed-effects and random-effects models. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed to identify the source of heterogeneity. In addition, publication bias was assessed using Begg's funnel plot and Egger's regression asymmetry test. RESULTS The 22 eligible studies finally enrolled a total of 2988 patients to assess the prognostic value of KLF4 in solid tumors. Low KLF4 expression was clearly related to worse OS (HR = 1.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.30-2.24, P < 0.001) and DFS (HR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.34-2.26, P < 0.001), indicating that low KLF4 expression could be an independent prognostic factor for poor survival in solid cancers. CONCLUSION KLF4 might be a potential marker to predict prognosis in solid cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miaomei Yu
- Comprehensive Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Bo Hao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Yuxia Zhan
- Comprehensive Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Guanghua Luo
- Comprehensive Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
The novel KLF4/PLAC8 signaling pathway regulates lung cancer growth. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:603. [PMID: 29789534 PMCID: PMC5964121 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0580-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that placenta-specific 8 (PLAC8) plays an important role in normal cellular process and human diseases, including multiple types of human tumors, and its role is highly relied upon in cellular and physiologic contexts. However, there are no reports on its expression profile and biological roles during lung cancer development. In the current study, both the clinical implications and biological effects of PLAC8 in lung cancer (LC) progression were investigated, and we identified and described the novel Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4)/PLAC8 regulatory pathway in cancer progression. Elevated PLAC8 levels were positively correlated with tumor size, histological grade, and tumor node metasis (TNM) stage, and LC patients with high PLAC8 expression suffered poor outcomes. In vitro and in vivo assays further revealed that endogenous PLAC8 promoted cell proliferation and tumor formation. We also found downregulated PLAC8 protein in several LC cell lines following the induction of KLF4, and immunohistochemistry analysis of LC tissues by microarray indicated a potential inverse correlation between PLAC8 and KLF4 expression. Luciferase reporter analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays determined that KLF4 negatively regulated PLAC8 promoter activity via directly binding to the promoter region. Furthermore, the growth inhibition resulting from KLF4 overexpression was partially rescued by ectopic PLAC8 expression. Together, our data uncovered a previously unidentified role of PLAC8 as a central mediator in LC progression. PLAC8 was transcriptionally repressed by KLF4, and the novel KLF4/PLAC8 axis may act as a promising candidate target for LC diagnosis and therapy.
Collapse
|
27
|
Xu Q, Liu M, Zhang J, Xue L, Zhang G, Hu C, Wang Z, He S, Chen L, Ma K, Liu X, Zhao Y, Lv N, Liang S, Zhu H, Xu N. Overexpression of KLF4 promotes cell senescence through microRNA-203-survivin-p21 pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 7:60290-60302. [PMID: 27531889 PMCID: PMC5312384 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a transcription factor and functions as a tumor suppressor or tumor promoter in different cancer types. KLF4 regulates many gene expression, thus affects the process of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Recently, KLF4 was reported to induce senescence during the generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, but the exact mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we constructed two doxycycline-inducing KLF4 cell models, and demonstrated overexpression of KLF4 could promote cell senescence, detected by senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity assay. Then we confirmed that p21, a key effector of senescence, was directly induced by KLF4. KLF4 could also inhibit survivin, which could indirectly induce p21. By miRNA microarray, we found a series of miRNAs regulated by KLF4 and involved in senescence. We demonstrated that KLF4 could upregulate miR-203, and miR-203 contributed to senescence through miR-203-survivin-p21 pathway. Our results suggest that KLF4 could promote cell senescence through a complex network: miR-203, survivin, and p21, which were all regulated by overexpression of KLF4 and contributed to cell senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ju Zhang
- Division of Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Liyan Xue
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guo Zhang
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chenfei Hu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zaozao Wang
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shun He
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lechuang Chen
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Ma
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xianghe Liu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yahui Zhao
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Lv
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shufang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongxia Zhu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ningzhi Xu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kong F, Sun T, Kong X, Xie D, Li Z, Xie K. Krüppel-like Factor 4 Suppresses Serine/Threonine Kinase 33 Activation and Metastasis of Gastric Cancer through Reversing Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:2440-2451. [PMID: 29367428 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-3346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: Cancers with aberrant expression of Serine/threonine kinase 33 (STK33) has been reported to be particularly aggressive. However, its expression, clinical significance, and biological functions in gastric cancer remain largely unknown. In the present study, we determined the expression and function of STK33 in gastric cancer and delineated the clinical significance of the Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4)/STK33 signaling pathway.Methods: STK33 expression and its association with multiple clinicopathologic characteristics were analyzed immunohistochemically in human gastric cancer specimens. STK33 knockdown and overexpression were used to dissect the underlying mechanism of its functions in gastric cancer cells. Regulation and underlying mechanisms of STK33 expression by KLF4 in gastric cancer cells were studied using cell and molecular biological methods.Results: Drastically higher expression of STK33 was observed in gastric cancer and gastric intraepithelial neoplasia tissues compared with adjacent normal gastric tissues. Increased STK33 expression correlated directly with tumor size, lymph node, and distant metastasis; and patients with low STK33 expression gastric cancer were predicted to have a favorable prognosis. Enforced expression of STK33 promoted gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and in vivo, whereas reduced STK33 did the opposite. Moreover, STK33 promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro Mechanistically, KLF4 transcriptionally inhibited STK33 expression in gastric cancer cells. KLF4-mediated inhibition of gastric cancer cell invasion was reversed by upregulation of STK33 expression.Conclusions: STK33 has pro-tumor function and is a critical downstream mediator of KLF4 in gastric cancer. STK33 may serve as a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target for gastric cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 24(10); 2440-51. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanyang Kong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology, PLA Air Force General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Kong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. .,Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Dacheng Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhaoshen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Keping Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yao S, Tian C, Ding Y, Ye Q, Gao Y, Yang N, Li Q. Down-regulation of Krüppel-like factor-4 by microRNA-135a-5p promotes proliferation and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma by transforming growth factor-β1. Oncotarget 2018; 7:42566-42578. [PMID: 27302923 PMCID: PMC5173156 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like Factor-4 (KLF4) is a zinc finger transcription factor which plays an important role in cell cycle, proliferation and apoptosis. In Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC), the function of KLF4 has been characterized as tumor suppressor. However, the mechanism remains largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that TGF-β1 down-regulated KLF4 by activating miR-135a-5p. MiR-135a-5p promoted proliferation and metastasis in HCC cells by direct targeting KLF4 both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, miR-135a-5p expression was up-regulated in clinical HCC tissues, and was inversely correlated with the expression of KLF4. Taken together, our data indicated that TGF-β1 down-regulated KLF4 by activating miR-135a-5p, promoting proliferation and metastasis in HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Yao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120,China
| | - Chuan Tian
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120,China
| | - Youcheng Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120,China
| | - Qingwang Ye
- Department of Liver Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120,China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120,China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Suppression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by Krüppel-like factor 4. Oncotarget 2018; 7:29749-60. [PMID: 27102441 PMCID: PMC5045430 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most malignant and lethal human cancers. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) enhances the carcinogenesis of HCC, and therapies targeting EMT appear to be promising treatments. We have previously shown that Krüppel-like Factor 4 (KLF4) suppressed EMT of HCC cells through downregulating EMT-associated proteins. Here, we examined the roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in KLF4-regulated EMT in HCC cells. KLF4 induced expression of 3 miRNAs (miR-153, miR-506 and miR-200b) that targeted 3′-UTR of Snail1, Slug and ZEB1 mRNAs, respectively, to inhibit protein translation in HCC cells, which was confirmed by promoter luciferase assay. Expression of either miRNA significantly inhibited HCC cell growth and invasiveness, while the effect of combined expression of all 3 miRNAs was more pronounced. Furthermore, overexpression of antisense of all 3 miRNAs abolished the inhibitory effect of KLF4 on HCC cell growth and invasiveness. Together, our data suggest that KLF4 inhibits EMT-enhanced HCC growth and invasion, possibly through reducing EMT-related proteins Snail1, Slug and ZEB1 via increasing miR-153, miR-506 and miR-200b.
Collapse
|
31
|
Lin L, Han Q, Xiong Y, Li T, Liu Z, Xu H, Wu Y, Wang N, Liu X. Krüpple-like-factor 4 Attenuates Lung Fibrosis via Inhibiting Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15847. [PMID: 29158503 PMCID: PMC5696468 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14602-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Krüpple-like-factor 4 (KLF4), has been suggested to play an important role in the phenotype transition. However, its function in pulmonary fibrosis and EMT of human alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the role of KLF4 in pulmonary fibrosis and EMT. Decreased expression of KLF4 was first observed in human IPF lung tissues and models of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Transgenic mice with overexpression of KLF4 were subjected to bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model and showed attenuated lung fibrosis and EMT compared to wild type group. Furthermore, the effects overexpression and knockdown of KLF4 on TGF-β1-induced EMT were examined in AECs. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of KLF4 attenuated TGF-β1-induced EMT and activation of Smad2/3 and Dvl in AECs. Conversely, knockdown of KLF4 promoted the activation of pathways above mentioned and TGF-β1-induced EMT. Our results demonstrates that KLF4 plays an important role in bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis through suppressing TGFβ1-induced EMT. Thus, it may serve as a potential target for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lianjun Lin
- The Geriatrics Department, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Han
- The Geriatrics Department, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- The Pathology Department, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Li
- The Pathology Department, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhonghui Liu
- The Geriatrics Department, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huiying Xu
- The Geriatrics Department, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanping Wu
- The Geriatrics Department, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Nanping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
| | - Xinmin Liu
- The Geriatrics Department, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Xu G, Ye J, Liu XJ, Zhang NP, Zhao YM, Fan J, Liu XP, Wu J. Activation of pluripotent genes in hepatic progenitor cells in the transition of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis to pre-malignant lesions. J Transl Med 2017; 97:1201-1217. [PMID: 28869588 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is considered as a precancerous condition. However, hepatic carcinogenesis from NASH is poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the activation of pluripotent genes (c-Myc, Oct-4, KLF-4, and Nanog) and morphogenic gene (Gli-1) in hepatic progenitor cells from patient specimens and in an animal model to determine the possibility of normal stem/progenitor cells becoming the origin of NASH-HCC. In this study, expression of pluripotent and morphogenic genes in human NASH-HCC tissues was significantly upregulated compared to adjacent non-tumor liver tissues. After feeding high-fat/calorie diet plus high fructose/glucose in drinking water (HFC diet plus HF/G) for up to 12 months, mice developed obesity, insulin resistance, and steatohepatitis with significant necroptotic inflammation and fibrotic progression, as well as occurrence of hyperplastic nodules with dysplasia; and this model represents pathohistologically as a transition from NASH to NASH-HCC in a pre-carcinomatous stage. High expression of pluripotent and morphogenic genes was immunohistochemically visualized in the dysplasia areas of mouse liver, where there were many OV-6-positive cells, indicating proliferation of HOCs in NASH with fibrotic progression. Moreover, oncogenic transcription factors (c-Myc, KLF-4, and Nanog) were co-localized in these hepatic progenitor cells. In conclusion, pluripotent and morphogenic genes may contribute to the reprogramming of hepatic progenitor cells in driving these cells to be the origin of NASH-HCC in a steatotic and inflamed microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Ye
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Jing Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning-Ping Zhang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Ming Zhao
- Institute of Liver Cancer, Fudan University-Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Institute of Liver Cancer, Fudan University-Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Li S, Huang L, Gu J, Wu J, Ou W, Feng J, Liu B, Xu X, Zhou Y. Restoration of KLF4 Inhibits Invasion and Metastases of Lung Adenocarcinoma through Suppressing MMP2. J Cancer 2017; 8:3480-3489. [PMID: 29151932 PMCID: PMC5687162 DOI: 10.7150/jca.21241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: KLF4 is a zin-finger transcription factor that plays roles in differentiation, development, and proliferation. Recent studies show that KLF4 is involved in tumorigenesis and somatic cells reprogramming. Metastasis is the primary cause of death in patients with lung cancer, and its biological mechanisms are poorly understood. Goals: In this study, we aim to explore the expression pattern and biological function of KLF4 in lung adenocarcinoma. Methods: We determined KLF4 in lung adenocarcinoma tissue and cell lines, using immunohistochemistry and western blotting. And we further analyzed the correlation between KLF4 expression and clinicopathologic parameters. We restored KLF4 expression and studied its effect on lung adenocarcinoma cells in vivo and in vitro. Luciferase assay was used to study impact of KLF4 on activity of MMP2 promoter. Results: KLF4 is dramatically down-regulated in lung adenocarcinoma tissue and cell lines. Promoter methylation contributes to the down-regulation of KLF4. Down-regulation of KLF4 in lung adenocarcinoma tissue is significantly associated with reduced survival time. Restoration of KLF4 inhibits migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro. Metastases to lungs significantly decrease in mice intravenously injected with tumor cells overexpressing KLF4. KLF4 inhibits invasion and metastasis via suppressing MMP2 promoter activity. Conclusion: The ability of KLF4 to inhibit migration, invasion, and metastasis of lung tumor cells indicates a potential role of KLF4 as therapeutic target in lung adenocarcinoma. KLF4 might be utilized as a favorable biomarker for prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoli Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixia Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jincui Gu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijun Ou
- Center of Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinglun Feng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baomo Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxian Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanbin Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
The Prognostic Value of Decreased KLF4 in Digestive System Cancers: A Meta-Analysis from 17 Studies. DISEASE MARKERS 2017; 2017:3064246. [PMID: 29062163 PMCID: PMC5618782 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3064246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background The prognostic value of loss of Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) expression in digestive system cancers has not reached a consensus. This study aimed for a comprehensive investigation of the internal associations between KLF4 expression loss and prognostic implications in patients with digestive system cancers. Methods We searched for all relevant literatures in the electronic databases until February 1, 2017. The degree of association between KLF4 and prognosis was evaluated by pooled hazard ratios (HRs) as well as relevant 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Results Seventeen eligible studies with 2118 patients revealed that loss of KLF4 expression was connected with poor prognosis, with the pooled HRs of 1.61 (95% CI: 1.17–2.20, P = 0.003) for the overall survival (OS) and 1.99 (95% CI: 1.12–3.52, P = 0.001) for the disease-free survival (DFS)/recurrence-free survival (RFS)/metastasis-free survival (MFS). Additionally, loss of KLF4 expression was also related to a worse disease-special survival (DSS) yielding a pooled HR of 1.73 (95% CI: 1.08–2.77, P = 0.022). Conclusion Our findings suggest that loss of KLF4 expression is correlated with a bad outcome in most digestive system cancers, apart from esophagus squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).
Collapse
|
35
|
Tiwari A, Loughner CL, Swamynathan S, Swamynathan SK. KLF4 Plays an Essential Role in Corneal Epithelial Homeostasis by Promoting Epithelial Cell Fate and Suppressing Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:2785-2795. [PMID: 28549095 PMCID: PMC5455171 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-21826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that KLF4 promotes corneal epithelial (CE) cell fate by suppressing the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), using spatiotemporally regulated CE-specific ablation of Klf4 in Klf4Δ/ΔCE (Klf4LoxP/LoxP/Krt12rtTA/rtTA/Tet-O-Cre) mice. Methods CE-specific ablation of Klf4 was achieved by feeding Klf4Δ/ΔCE mice with doxycycline chow. The wild-type (WT; normal chow-fed littermates) and the Klf4Δ/ΔCE histology was compared by hematoxylin and eosin–stained sections; EMT marker expression was quantified by quantitative PCR, immunoblots, and immunofluorescent staining; and wound healing rate was measured by CE debridement using Algerbrush. KLF4 and EMT markers were quantified in human corneal limbal epithelial (HCLE) cells undergoing TGF-β1–induced EMT by quantitative PCR, immunoblots, and immunofluorescent staining. Results The epithelial markers E-cadherin, Krt12, claudin-3, and claudin-4 were down-regulated, whereas the mesenchymal markers vimentin, β-catenin, survivin, and cyclin-D1 and the EMT transcription factors Snail, Slug, Twist1, Twist2, Zeb1, and Zeb2 were up-regulated in the Klf4Δ/ΔCE corneas. The Klf4Δ/ΔCE cells migrated faster, filling 93% of the debrided area within 16 hours compared with 61% in the WT. After 7 days of wounding, the Klf4Δ/ΔCE cells that filled the gap failed to regain epithelial characteristics, as they displayed abnormal stratification; down-regulation of E-cadherin and Krt12; up-regulation of β-catenin, survivin, and cyclin-D1; and a 2.5-fold increase in the number of proliferative Ki67+ cells. WT CE cells at the migrating edge and the HCLE cells undergoing TGF-β1–induced EMT displayed significant down-regulation of KLF4. Conclusions Collectively, these results reveal that KLF4 plays an essential role in CE homeostasis by promoting epithelial cell fate and suppressing EMT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anil Tiwari
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Chelsea L Loughner
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Sudha Swamynathan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Shivalingappa K Swamynathan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States 2McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States 3Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States 4Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kim CK, He P, Bialkowska AB, Yang VW. SP and KLF Transcription Factors in Digestive Physiology and Diseases. Gastroenterology 2017; 152:1845-1875. [PMID: 28366734 PMCID: PMC5815166 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Specificity proteins (SPs) and Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) belong to the family of transcription factors that contain conserved zinc finger domains involved in binding to target DNA sequences. Many of these proteins are expressed in different tissues and have distinct tissue-specific activities and functions. Studies have shown that SPs and KLFs regulate not only physiological processes such as growth, development, differentiation, proliferation, and embryogenesis, but pathogenesis of many diseases, including cancer and inflammatory disorders. Consistently, these proteins have been shown to regulate normal functions and pathobiology in the digestive system. We review recent findings on the tissue- and organ-specific functions of SPs and KLFs in the digestive system including the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, pancreas, and liver. We provide a list of agents under development to target these proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Kyung Kim
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Ping He
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Agnieszka B. Bialkowska
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY,Corresponding Authors: Vincent W. Yang & Agnieszka B. Bialkowska, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, HSC T-16, Rm. 020; Stony Brook, NY, USA. Tel: (631) 444-2066; Fax: (631) 444-3144; ;
| | - Vincent W. Yang
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY,Corresponding Authors: Vincent W. Yang & Agnieszka B. Bialkowska, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, HSC T-16, Rm. 020; Stony Brook, NY, USA. Tel: (631) 444-2066; Fax: (631) 444-3144; ;
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Liu S, Yang H, Chen Y, He B, Chen Q. Krüppel-Like Factor 4 Enhances Sensitivity of Cisplatin to Lung Cancer Cells and Inhibits Regulating Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition. Oncol Res 2017; 24:81-7. [PMID: 27296948 PMCID: PMC7838665 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14597766487717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to improve therapeutic efficacy, it is a current emergency to better know the mechanisms underlying cisplatin resistance in lung cancer cells. In this study, we aim to investigate the role of Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) in cisplatin-resistant lung cancer cells. We developed cisplatin-resistant lung cancer cell line A549/DDP, and then a battery of experiments was used to analyze the effects of KLF4 in cisplatin resistance of lung cancer. We found that KLF4 was significantly downregulated in cisplatin-resistant A549 cells and forced KLF4 expression inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis. Further, we found that overexpression of KLF4 was able to inhibit cell migration and invasion, to inhibit the expression of Slug, Twist, and vimentin, and to increase the expression of E-cadherin and subsequent inhibition of the EMT process. Thus, overexpression of KLF4 may be a potential strategy for lung cancer treatment, especially for cisplatin-resistant cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shenggang Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
KLF4 expression enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy drugs in ovarian cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 484:486-492. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
39
|
Mishra VK, Subramaniam M, Kari V, Pitel KS, Baumgart SJ, Naylor RM, Nagarajan S, Wegwitz F, Ellenrieder V, Hawse JR, Johnsen SA. Krüppel-like Transcription Factor KLF10 Suppresses TGFβ-Induced Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition via a Negative Feedback Mechanism. Cancer Res 2017; 77:2387-2400. [PMID: 28249899 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
TGFβ-SMAD signaling exerts a contextual effect that suppresses malignant growth early in epithelial tumorigenesis but promotes metastasis at later stages. Longstanding challenges in resolving this functional dichotomy may uncover new strategies to treat advanced carcinomas. The Krüppel-like transcription factor, KLF10, is a pivotal effector of TGFβ/SMAD signaling that mediates antiproliferative effects of TGFβ. In this study, we show how KLF10 opposes the prometastatic effects of TGFβ by limiting its ability to induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). KLF10 depletion accentuated induction of EMT as assessed by multiple metrics. KLF10 occupied GC-rich sequences in the promoter region of the EMT-promoting transcription factor SLUG/SNAI2, repressing its transcription by recruiting HDAC1 and licensing the removal of activating histone acetylation marks. In clinical specimens of lung adenocarcinoma, low KLF10 expression associated with decreased patient survival, consistent with a pivotal role for KLF10 in distinguishing the antiproliferative versus prometastatic functions of TGFβ. Our results establish that KLF10 functions to suppress TGFβ-induced EMT, establishing a molecular basis for the dichotomy of TGFβ function during tumor progression. Cancer Res; 77(9); 2387-400. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Mishra
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Vijayalakshmi Kari
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kevin S Pitel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Simon J Baumgart
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ryan M Naylor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sankari Nagarajan
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Florian Wegwitz
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Volker Ellenrieder
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - John R Hawse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
| | - Steven A Johnsen
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, Göttingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Loss of KLF4 and consequential downregulation of Smad7 exacerbate oncogenic TGF-β signaling in and promote progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncogene 2017; 36:2957-2968. [PMID: 28192402 PMCID: PMC5444978 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hyperactivation of TGF-β signaling pathway is a common feature of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. However, the driver factors leading to enhanced TGF-β activity are not well characterized. Here, we explore the mechanisms that loss of Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) exacerbates oncogenic TGF-β signaling in human HCC. The expression of KLF4 and TGF-β signaling components in primary HCC and their clinicopathologic relevance and significance was evaluated by using tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry. Cellular and molecular impacts of altered KLF4 expression and TGF-β signaling were determined using immunofluorescence, Western blot, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and promoter reporter assays. Loss of KLF4 expression in primary HCC closely correlated with decreased Smad7 expression, increased p-Smad2/3 expression, and independently predicts reduced overall and relapse-free survival after surgery. TGF-β signaling components were expressed in most HCC cells, and activation of TGF-β signaling promoted cell migration and invasion. Enforced KLF4 expression blocked TGF-β signal transduction and inhibited cell migration and invasion via activation of Smad7 transcription, whereas deletion of its C-terminal zinc-finger domain diminished this effect. KLF4 protein physically interacts with the Smad7 promoter. Promoter deletion and point mutation analyses revealed that a region between nucleotides −15 bp and −9 bp of the Smad7 promoter was required for the induction of Smad7 promoter activity by KLF4. Our data indicate that KLF4 suppresses oncogenic TGF-β signaling by activation of Smad7 transcription, and that loss of KLF4 expression in primary HCC may contribute to activation of oncogenic TGF-β signaling and subsequent tumor progression.
Collapse
|
41
|
Men R, Wen M, Zhao M, Dan X, Yang Z, Wu W, Wang MH, Liu X, Yang L. MircoRNA-145 promotes activation of hepatic stellate cells via targeting krüppel-like factor 4. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40468. [PMID: 28091538 PMCID: PMC5238405 DOI: 10.1038/srep40468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like Factor 4 (KLF4), a target gene of miR-145, can negatively regulate lung fibrosis. However, the potential role of KLF4 and miR-145 in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation or in hepatic fibrosis keeps unclear. This study aims to characterize miR-145 and KLF4 in activated HSCs and liver cirrhotic, and the underlying molecular basis. miR-145 was significantly up-regulated, while KLF4 was dramatically down-regulated during the activation of rat primary HSCs and TGF-βtreated HSCs. Furthermore, miR-145 mimics induced and inhibition of miR-145 reduced α-SMA and COL-I expression in primary HSCs. Additionally, the mRNA and protein levels of KLF4 in the liver of cirrhotic patients and rats were significantly down-regulated. α-SMA and COL-I were increased after inhibition of KLF4 by specific shRNA in primary HSCs. Forced KLF4 expression led to a reduction of α-SMA and COL-I expression in HSCs. miR-145 promotes HSC activation and liver fibrosis by targeting KLF4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruoting Men
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Biostatistics, JC school of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Maoyao Wen
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mingyue Zhao
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuelian Dan
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zongze Yang
- Creation and Management of a Tumour Bank, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Wenchao Wu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Maggie Haitian Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, JC school of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Tian C, Yao S, Liu L, Ding Y, Ye Q, Dong X, Gao Y, Yang N, Li Q. Klf4 inhibits tumor growth and metastasis by targeting microRNA-31 in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Mol Med 2016; 39:47-56. [PMID: 27909734 PMCID: PMC5179175 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are short, endogenous non-coding RNA molecules, demonstrating abnormal expression in cancer initiation and progression. In this study, we profiled 18 differentially regulated miRNAs, including miRNA-31, using miRNA array. Kruppel (or Krüppel)-like factor 4 (Klf4) is a transcription factor and putative tumor suppressor. Both were found to be significantly downregulated in liver cancer tissues and cells. However, little is known about the correlation between Klf4 and miRNA-31 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The mRNA expression of Klf4 was decreased and inversely associated with the clinical stage, T classification and hepatitis B in patients with HCC, while the expression of miR-31 was lower (r=0.326, P=0.018). Using cell counting kit 8 (CCK8) and Transwell migration assays, we found that Klf4 and miR-31 inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of liver cancer cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that Klf4 directly binds to the promoter of miR-31 and activates its transcription. In vitro experiments confirmed that Klf4 regulated miR-31 and thereby inhibited HCC cell growth and metastasis. Taken together, our findings indicate that Klf4 directly regulates miR-31 in HCC. Thus, miR-31 may serve as a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target in HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Tian
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Yao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guiyang Hospital of Guizhou Aviation Industry Group, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Youcheng Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qingwang Ye
- Department of Liver Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Dong
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Endothelial cell colony forming units derived from malignant breast diseases are resistant to tumor necrosis factor-α-induced apoptosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37450. [PMID: 27881867 PMCID: PMC5121583 DOI: 10.1038/srep37450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mobilisation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from the bone marrow is a crucial step in the formation of de novo blood vessels, and levels of peripheral blood EPCs have been shown to be elevated in certain malignant states. Using flow cytometry and a Hill-based colony forming unit (CFU) assay, the present study indicated that higher levels of CD34 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) double-positive EPCs, as well as increased formation of endothelial cell colony-forming units (EC-CFUs) are associated with benign and malignant breast diseases, providing possible indicators for breast disease detection. Gene expression profiles revealed a genetic difference between CD34+ VEGFR2+ EPCs and EC-CFUs. Decreased expression of tumour necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) signalling-related genes and inhibition of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-induced signalling were demonstrated in EC-CFUs derived from patients with malignant breast disease in comparison with those from healthy controls. Interestingly, our data provided the first evidence that EC-CFUs derived from patients with malignant breast disease were resistant to TNF-α-induced apoptosis, indicating a plausible target for future therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
|
44
|
Zou K, Lu X, Ye K, Wang C, You T, Chen J. Krüppel-like factor 2 promotes cell proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma through up-regulation of c-myc. Cancer Biol Ther 2016; 17:20-6. [PMID: 26853883 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1108484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of krüppel-like factor family have been shown to play critical roles in the development, metabolism and tumorigenesis. Our previous study demonstrated that up-regulationupregulation of KLF2 in livers from obese mice could promote hepatosteatosis. However, little is known about its effects in hepatocellular carcinogenesis. In the present study, we found that mRNA and protein expression of KLF2 was increased in primary HCC, when compared with that in adjacent normal liver. In vitro studies further showed that enforced overexpression of KLF2 expression enhanced, while its knockdown inhibited cell proliferation and invasion. At the molecular level, c-myc was a direct transcriptional target of KLF2 and a KLF2-binding site in the c-myc promoter bound specifically to KLF2 protein. Indeed, ablation of c-myc largely attenuated the proliferative roles of KLF2 in HCC cells. Therefore, our data highlight an important role for KLF2/c-myc pathway in HCC development and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kailin Zou
- a Department of Gastroenterology , Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , 200120 , P.R. China
| | - Xiaojie Lu
- a Department of Gastroenterology , Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , 200120 , P.R. China
| | - Kun Ye
- a Department of Gastroenterology , Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , 200120 , P.R. China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- a Department of Gastroenterology , Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , 200120 , P.R. China
| | - Tiangeng You
- a Department of Gastroenterology , Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , 200120 , P.R. China
| | - Jinlian Chen
- b Department of Gastroenterology , Fengxian Hospital, Southern Medical University , Shanghai , 200000 , P.R. China.,c Department of Gastroenterology , Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital (South), Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , 200120 , P.R. China.,d Department of Gastroenterology , Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , 200120 , P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Yen YC, Hsiao JR, Jiang SS, Chang JS, Wang SH, Shen YY, Chen CH, Chang IS, Chang JY, Chen YW. Insulin-like growth factor-independent insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 promotes cell migration and lymph node metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells by requirement of integrin β1. Oncotarget 2016; 6:41837-55. [PMID: 26540630 PMCID: PMC4747192 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Frequent metastasis to the cervical lymph nodes leads to poor survival of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). To understand the underlying mechanisms of lymph node metastasis, two sublines were successfully isolated from cervical lymph nodes of nude mice through in vivo selection, and identified as originating from poorly metastatic parental cells. These two sublines specifically metastasized to cervical lymph nodes in 83% of mice, whereas OEC-M1 cells did not metastasize after injection into the oral cavity. After gene expression analysis, we identified insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) as one of the significantly up-regulated genes in the sublines in comparison with their parental cells. Consistently, meta-analysis of the public microarray datasets and IGFBP3 immunohistochemical analysis revealed increased both levels of IGFBP3 mRNA and protein in human OSCC tissues when compared to normal oral or adjacent nontumorous tissues. Interestingly, the up-regulated IGFBP3 mRNA expression was significantly associated with OSCC patients with lymph node metastasis. IGFBP3 knockdown in the sublines impaired and ectopic IGFBP3 expression in the parental cells promoted migration, transendothelial migration and lymph node metastasis of orthotopic transplantation. Additionally, ectopic expression of IGFBP3 with an IGF-binding defect sustained the IGFBP3-enhanced biological functions. Results indicated that IGFBP3 regulates metastasis-related functions of OSCC cells through an IGF-independent mechanism. Furthermore, exogenous IGFBP3 was sufficient to induce cell motility and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation. The silencing of integrin β1 was able to impair exogenous IGFBP3-mediated migration and ERK phosphorylation, suggesting a critical role of integrin β1 in IGFBP3-enchanced functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Yen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Jenn-Ren Hsiao
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih Sheng Jiang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Jeffrey S Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ssu-Han Wang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ying Shen
- Pathology Core Laboratory, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsing Chen
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - I-Shou Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.,Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Yang Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Izgi K, Canatan H, Iskender B. Current status in cancer cell reprogramming and its clinical implications. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016; 143:371-383. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2258-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
47
|
Wang SH, Chang JS, Hsiao JR, Yen YC, Jiang SS, Liu SH, Chen YL, Shen YY, Chang JY, Chen YW. Tumour cell-derived WNT5B modulates in vitro lymphangiogenesis via induction of partial endothelial-mesenchymal transition of lymphatic endothelial cells. Oncogene 2016; 36:1503-1515. [PMID: 27593938 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis of the cervical lymph nodes frequently leads to poor survival of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The underlying mechanisms of lymph node metastasis are unclear. Wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 5B (WNT5B), one component of the WNT signal pathway, was markedly up-regulated in OSCC sublines with high potential of lymphatic metastasis compared to that in OSCC cells with low nodal metastasis. Increased WNT5B mRNA was demonstrated in human OSCC tissues in comparison with adjacent non-tumorous tissues. Interestingly, the high level of WNT5B protein in serum was associated with lymph node metastasis in OSCC patients. Knockdown of WNT5B expression in OSCC sublines did not affect tumour growth but impaired lymph node metastasis and tumour lymphangiogenesis of orthotopic transplantation. Conditioned medium from WNT5B knockdown cells reduced the tube formation of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). In contrast, recombinant WNT5B enhanced the tube formation, permeability and migration of LECs. In LECs stained with phalloidin, the morphology of those treated with recombinant WNT5B changed from flat to spindle-like. Recombinant WNT5B also increased α-smooth muscle actin and inhibited the expression of vascular endothelial-cadherin but retained characteristics of endothelial cells. The results suggest that WNT5B functions in the partial endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT). Furthermore, WNT5B-induced tube formation was impaired in the LECs following the knockdown of EndoMT-related transcription factor, SNAIL or SLUG. The WNT5B-induced expression of Snail or Slug was abolished by IWR-1-endo and Rac1 inhibitors, which are involved in the WNT/β-catenin and planar cell polarity pathways, respectively. Collectively, the data suggest that WNT5B induces tube formation by regulating the expression of Snail and Slug proteins through activation of canonical and non-canonical WNT signalling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S-H Wang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - J S Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - J-R Hsiao
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Y-C Yen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - S S Jiang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - S-H Liu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Y-L Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Y-Y Shen
- Pathology Core Laboratory, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - J-Y Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Y-W Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.,PhD Program for Aging, Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Tian X, Dai S, Sun J, Jin G, Jiang S, Meng F, Li Y, Wu D, Jiang Y. F-box protein FBXO22 mediates polyubiquitination and degradation of KLF4 to promote hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Oncotarget 2016; 6:22767-75. [PMID: 26087183 PMCID: PMC4673198 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), a member of the KLF family of transcription factors, has been considered as a crucial tumor suppressor in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Using affinity purifications and mass spectrometry, we identified FBXO22, Cullin1 and SKP1 as interacting proteins of KLF4. We demonstrate that F-box only protein 22 (FBXO22) interacts with and thereby destabilizes KLF4 via polyubiquitination. As a result, FBXO22 could promote HCC cells proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. However, KLF4 deficiency largely blocked the proliferative roles of FBXO22. Importantly, FBXO22 expression was markedly increased in human HCC tissues, which was correlated with down-regulation of KLF4. Therefore, our results suggest that FBXO22 might be a major regulator of HCC development through direct degradation of KLF4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tian
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory of Cancer Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Shundong Dai
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Immunology and Biotherapy, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, 110042, China
| | - Guojiang Jin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Shenyi Jiang
- Department of Rheumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Fandong Meng
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory of Cancer Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yan Li
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory of Cancer Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Di Wu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory of Cancer Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Youhong Jiang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory of Cancer Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Expression Is Inversely Associated with Macroscopic Vascular Invasion in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081226. [PMID: 27483249 PMCID: PMC5000624 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a ligand-activated nuclear receptor that regulates cellular lipid and glucose metabolism and also plays an inhibitory role in various cancers. However, the role of PPARγ in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of PPARγ in HCC and its role in inhibiting tumor progression, namely, HCC cell growth, migration, and angiogenesis. Immunohistochemical PPARγ staining was examined in 83 HCC specimens to investigate the clinicopathological correlations between PPARγ expression and various parameters. The functional role of PPARγ was determined via PPARγ overexpression and knockdown in HCC cells. Patients with low HCC tissue PPARγ expression were significantly younger (p = 0.006), and exhibited more tumor numbers (p = 0.038), more macroscopic vascular invasion (MVI) (p = 0.008), and more advanced TNM (size of primary tumor, number of regional lymph nodes, and distant metastasis) stages at diagnosis (p = 0.013) than patients with high HCC tissue PPARγ expression. PPARγ knockdown increased HCC cell growth, migration, and angiogenesis, while PPARγ overexpression reduced HCC cell growth, migration, and angiogenesis. These results suggest that low PPARγ expression is an independent predictor of more MVI in HCC patients. PPARγ contributes to the suppression of HCC cell growth, migration, and angiogenesis. Therefore, PPARγ may be a therapeutic target in HCC patients.
Collapse
|
50
|
Correction: Krüppel-like Factor 4, a Tumor Suppressor in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Reverts Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition by Suppressing Slug Expression. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154168. [PMID: 27123593 PMCID: PMC4849732 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|