1
|
Zou Y, Huang M, Hu M, Wang H, Chen W, Tian R. Radiopharmaceuticals Targeting Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor for Diagnosis and Therapy of Prostate Cancer. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:4199-4216. [PMID: 39219355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The high incidence and heavy disease burden of prostate cancer (PC) require accurate and comprehensive assessment for appropriate disease management. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET) cannot detect PSMA-negative lesions, despite its key role in PC disease management. The overexpression of gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) in PC lesions reportedly performs as a complementary target for the diagnosis and therapy of PC. Radiopharmaceuticals derived from the natural ligands of GRPR have been developed. These radiopharmaceuticals enable the visualization and quantification of GRPR within the body, which can be used for disease assessment and therapeutic guidance. Recently developed radiopharmaceuticals exhibit improved pharmacokinetic parameters without deterioration in affinity. Several heterodimers targeting GRPR have been constructed as alternatives because of their potential to detect tumor lesions with a low diagnostic efficiency of single target detection. Moreover, some GRPR-targeted radiopharmaceuticals have entered clinical trials for the initial staging or biochemical recurrence detection of PC to guide disease stratification and therapy, indicating considerable potential in PC disease management. Herein, we comprehensively summarize the progress of radiopharmaceuticals targeting GRPR. In particular, we discuss the impact of ligands, chelators, and linkers on the distribution of radiopharmaceuticals. Furthermore, we summarize a potential design scheme to facilitate the advancement of radiopharmaceuticals and, thus, prompt clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuheng Zou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Mingxing Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Mingxing Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Nuclear Medicine Research Lab, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Nuclear Medicine Research Lab, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Rong Tian
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pekošak A, Windhorst AD, Poot AJ. Enantioselective Synthesis of Carbon-11-Labeled Amino Acids and Peptides. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2729:15-27. [PMID: 38006488 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3499-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Radiolabeled amino acids (AAs), their derivatives, and peptides are essential radiotracers in nuclear imaging. Despite its potential, the preparation of enantiopure radiopharmaceuticals poses several challenges, demanding a great need for rapid and stereocontrolled reactions. This chapter describes a highly stereoselective carbon-11 alkylation of Schiff bases, to obtain radiolabeled AAs and small peptides. The method uses chiral quaternary ammonium salt phase-transfer catalyst with two alkylating agents, namely, [11C]methyl iodide and [11C]benzyl iodide. This methodology allows the radiolabeling of AAs and peptides with excellent regioselectivity and enantiomeric or diastereomeric excess.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Pekošak
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radionuclide Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Albert D Windhorst
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radionuclide Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alex J Poot
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radionuclide Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kurth J, Potratz M, Heuschkel M, Krause BJ, Schwarzenböck SM. GRPr Theranostics: Current Status of Imaging and Therapy using GRPr Targeting Radiopharmaceuticals. Nuklearmedizin 2022; 61:247-261. [PMID: 35668669 DOI: 10.1055/a-1759-4189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Addressing molecular targets, that are overexpressed by various tumor entities, using radiolabeled molecules for a combined diagnostic and therapeutic (theranostic) approach is of increasing interest in oncology. The gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPr), which is part of the bombesin family, has shown to be overexpressed in a variety of tumors, therefore, serving as a promising target for those theranostic applications. A large amount of differently radiolabeled bombesin derivatives addressing the GRPr have been evaluated in the preclinical as well as clinical setting showing fast blood clearance and urinary excretion with selective GRPr-binding. Most of the available studies on GRPr-targeted imaging and therapy have evaluated the theranostic approach in prostate and breast cancer applying bombesin derivatives tagged with the predominantly used theranostic pair of 68Ga/177Lu which is the focus of this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Kurth
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Madlin Potratz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin Heuschkel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Bernd J Krause
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gower-Fry L, Kronemann T, Dorian A, Pu Y, Jaworski C, Wängler C, Bartenstein P, Beyer L, Lindner S, Jurkschat K, Wängler B, Bailey JJ, Schirrmacher R. Recent Advances in the Clinical Translation of Silicon Fluoride Acceptor (SiFA) 18F-Radiopharmaceuticals. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070701. [PMID: 34358127 PMCID: PMC8309031 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of silicon fluoride acceptor (SiFA) moieties into a variety of molecules, such as peptides, proteins and biologically relevant small molecules, has improved the generation of 18F-radiopharmaceuticals for medical imaging. The efficient isotopic exchange radiofluorination process, in combination with the enhanced [18F]SiFA in vivo stability, make it a suitable strategy for fluorine-18 incorporation. This review will highlight the clinical applicability of [18F]SiFA-labeled compounds and discuss the significant radiotracers currently in clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lexi Gower-Fry
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (L.G.-F.); (T.K.); (A.D.); (Y.P.); (C.J.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Travis Kronemann
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (L.G.-F.); (T.K.); (A.D.); (Y.P.); (C.J.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Andreas Dorian
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (L.G.-F.); (T.K.); (A.D.); (Y.P.); (C.J.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Yinglan Pu
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (L.G.-F.); (T.K.); (A.D.); (Y.P.); (C.J.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Carolin Jaworski
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (L.G.-F.); (T.K.); (A.D.); (Y.P.); (C.J.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Carmen Wängler
- Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (P.B.); (L.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Leonie Beyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (P.B.); (L.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Simon Lindner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (P.B.); (L.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Klaus Jurkschat
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany;
| | - Björn Wängler
- Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Justin J. Bailey
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (L.G.-F.); (T.K.); (A.D.); (Y.P.); (C.J.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Ralf Schirrmacher
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (L.G.-F.); (T.K.); (A.D.); (Y.P.); (C.J.); (J.J.B.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hoppenz P, Els‐Heindl S, Beck‐Sickinger AG. Identification and stabilization of a highly selective gastrin‐releasing peptide receptor agonist. J Pept Sci 2019; 25:e3224. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.3224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hoppenz
- Institute of BiochemistryLeipzig University Leipzig Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Selection of an optimal macrocyclic chelator improves the imaging of prostate cancer using cobalt-labeled GRPR antagonist RM26. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17086. [PMID: 31745219 PMCID: PMC6863848 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52914-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrin-releasing peptide receptors (GRPRs) are promising targets in oligometastatic prostate cancer. We have recently used 55Co (T1/2 = 17.5 h) as a label for next day PET imaging of GRPR expression obtaining high imaging contrast. The radionuclide-chelator combination can significantly influence the biodistribution of radiopeptides. Therefore, in this study, we hypothesized that the properties of 55Co-labeled PEG2-RM26 can be improved by identifying the optimal macrocyclic chelator. All analogues (X-PEG2-RM26, X = NOTA,NODAGA,DOTA,DOTAGA) were successfully labeled with radiocobalt with high yields and demonstrated high stability. The radiopeptides bound specifically and with picomolar affinity to GRPR and their cellular processing was characterized by low internalization. The best binding capacity was found for DOTA-PEG2-RM26. Ex vivo biodistribution in PC-3 xenografted mice was characterized by rapid blood clearance via renal excretion. Tumor uptake was similar for all conjugates at 3 h pi, exceeding the uptake in all other organs. Higher kidney uptake and longer retention were associated with N-terminal negative charge (DOTAGA-containing conjugate). Tumor-to-organ ratios increased over time for all constructs, although significant chelator-dependent differences were observed. Concordant with affinity measurements, DOTA-analog had the best retention of activity in tumors, resulting in the highest tumor-to-blood ratio 24 h pi, which translated into high contrast PET/CT imaging (using 55Co).
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang H, Kanduluru AK, Desai P, Ahad A, Carlin S, Tandon N, Weber WA, Low PS. Synthesis and Evaluation of a Novel 64Cu- and 67Ga-Labeled Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist for in Vivo Targeting of NK1R-Positive Tumor Xenografts. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:1319-1326. [PMID: 29466853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) is expressed in gliomas and neuroendocrine malignancies and represents a promising target for molecular imaging and targeted radionuclide therapy. The goal of this study was to synthesize and evaluate a novel NK1R ligand (NK1R-NOTA) for targeting NK1R-expressing tumors. Using a carboxymethyl moiety linked to L-733060 as a starting reagent, NK1R-NOTA was synthesized in a three-step reaction and then labeled with 64Cu (or 67Ga for in vitro studies) in the presence of CH3COONH4 buffer. The radioligand affinity and cellular uptake were evaluated with NK1R-transduced HEK293 cells (HEK293-NK1R) and NK1R nontransduced HEK293 cells (HEK293-WT) and their xenografts. Radiolabeled NK1R-NOTA was obtained with a radiochemical purity of >95% and specific activities of >7.0 GBq/μmol for 64Cu and >5.0 GBq/μmol for 67Ga. Both 64Cu- and 67Ga-labeled NK1R-NOTA demonstrated high levels of uptake in HEK293-NK1R cells, whereas co-incubation with an excess of NK1R ligand L-733060 reduced the level of uptake by 90%. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging showed that [64Cu]NK1R-NOTA had a accumulated rapidly in HEK293-NK1R xenografts and a 10-fold lower level of uptake in HEK293-WT xenografts. Radioactivity was cleared by gastrointestinal tract and urinary systems. Biodistribution studies confirmed that the tumor-to-organ ratios were ≥5 for all studied organs at 1 h p.i., except kidneys, liver, and intestine, and that the tumor-to-intestine and tumor-to-kidney ratios were also improved 4 and 20 h post-injection. [64Cu]NK1R-NOTA is a promising ligand for PET imaging of NK1R-expressing tumor xenografts. Delayed imaging with [64Cu]NK1R-NOTA improves image contrast because of the continuous clearance of radioactivity from normal organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanwen Zhang
- Department of Radiology , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Ananda Kumar Kanduluru
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Drug Discovery , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47906 , United States
| | - Pooja Desai
- Department of Radiology , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Afruja Ahad
- Department of Radiology , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Sean Carlin
- Department of Radiology , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Nidhi Tandon
- Department of Radiology , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Wolfgang A Weber
- Department of Radiology , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York , New York 10065 , United States.,Molecular Pharmacology & Chemistry Program , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Philip S Low
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Drug Discovery , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47906 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zarzour JG, Galgano S, McConathy J, Thomas JV, Rais-Bahrami S. Lymph node imaging in initial staging of prostate cancer: An overview and update. World J Radiol 2017; 9:389-399. [PMID: 29104741 PMCID: PMC5661167 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v9.i10.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate nodal staging at the time of diagnosis of prostate cancer is crucial in determining a treatment plan for the patient. Pelvic lymph node dissection is the most reliable method, but is less than perfect and has increased morbidity. Cross sectional imaging with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are non-invasive tools that rely on morphologic characteristics such as shape and size of the lymph nodes. However, lymph nodes harboring metastatic disease may be normal sized and non-metastatic lymph nodes may be enlarged due to reactive hyperplasia. The optimal strategy for preoperative staging remains a topic of ongoing research. Advanced imaging techniques to assess lymph nodes in the setting of prostate cancer utilizing novel MRI contrast agents as well as positron emission tomography (PET) tracers have been developed and continue to be studied. Magnetic resonance lymphography utilizing ultra-small super paramagnetic iron oxide has shown promising results in detection of metastatic lymph nodes. Combining MRL with diffusion-weighted imaging may also improve accuracy. Considerable efforts are being made to develop effective PET radiotracers that are performed using hybrid-imaging systems that combine PET with CT or MRI. PET tracers that will be reviewed in this article include [18F]fluoro-D-glucose, sodium [18F]fluoride, [18F]choline, [11C]choline, prostate specific membrane antigen binding ligands, [11C]acetate, [18F]fluciclovine, gastrin releasing peptide receptor ligands, and androgen binding receptors. This article will review these advanced imaging modalities and ability to detect prostate cancer metastasis to lymph nodes. While more research is needed, these novel techniques to image lymph nodes in the setting of prostate cancer show a promising future in improving initial lymph node staging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica G Zarzour
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249, United States
| | - Sam Galgano
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249, United States
| | - Jonathan McConathy
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249, United States
| | - John V Thomas
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249, United States
| | - Soroush Rais-Bahrami
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249, United States
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Schwarzenböck SM, Schmeja P, Kurth J, Souvatzoglou M, Nawroth R, Treiber U, Kundt G, Berndt S, Graham K, Senekowitsch-Schmidtke R, Schwaiger M, Ziegler SI, Dinkelborg L, Wester HJ, Krause BJ. Comparison of [(11)C]Choline ([(11)C]CHO) and [(18)F]Bombesin (BAY 86-4367) as Imaging Probes for Prostate Cancer in a PC-3 Prostate Cancer Xenograft Model. Mol Imaging Biol 2017; 18:393-401. [PMID: 26483088 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-015-0901-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Carbon-11- and fluorine-18-labeled choline derivatives are commonly used in prostate cancer imaging in the clinical setting for staging and re-staging of prostate cancer. Due to a limited detection rate of established positron emission tomography (PET) tracers, there is a clinical need for innovative tumor-specific PET compounds addressing new imaging targets. The aim of this study was to compare the properties of [(18)F]Bombesin (BAY 86-4367) as an innovative biomarker for prostate cancer imaging targeting the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor and [(11)C]Choline ([(11)C]CHO) in a human prostate tumor mouse xenograft model by small animal PET/X-ray computed tomography (CT). PROCEDURES We carried out a dual-tracer small animal PET/CT study comparing [(18)F]Bombesin and [(11)C]CHO. The androgen-independent human prostate tumor cell line PC-3 was implanted subcutaneously in the flanks of nu/nu NMRI mice (n = 10) (PET/CT measurements of two [(11)C]Choline mice could not be analyzed due to technical reasons). [(18)F]Bombesin and [(11)C]CHO PET/CT imaging was performed about 3-4 weeks after the implantation of PC-3 cells on two separate days. After the intravenous tail vein injection of 14 MBq [(18)F]Bombesin and 37 MBq [(11)C]CHO, respectively, a dynamic study over 60 min was acquired in list mode using an Inveon animal PET/CT scanner (Siemens Medical Solutions). The sequence of [(18)F]Bombesin and [(11)C]CHO was randomized. Image analysis was performed using summed images as well as dynamic data. To calculate static and dynamic tumor-to-muscle (T/M), tumor-to-blood (T/B), liver-to-blood (L/B), and kidney-to-blood (K/B) ratios, 4 × 4 × 4 mm(3) volumes of interest (VOIs) of tumor, muscle (thigh), liver, kidney, and blood derived from transversal slices were used. RESULTS The mean T/M ratio of [(18)F]Bombesin and [(11)C]CHO was 6.54 ± 2.49 and 1.35 ± 0.30, respectively. The mean T/B ratio was 1.83 ± 0.79 for [(18)F]Bombesin and 0.55 ± 0.10 for [(11)C]CHO. The T/M ratio as well as the T/B ratio for [(18)F]Bombesin were significantly higher compared to those for [(11)C]CHO (p < 0.001, respectively). Kidney and liver uptake was statistically significantly lower for [(18)F]Bombesin (K/B 3.41 ± 0.81, L/B 1.99 ± 0.38) compared to [(11)C]CHO [K/B 7.91 ± 1.85 (p < 0.001), L/B 6.27 ± 1.99 (p < 0.001)]. The magnitudes of the time course of T/M and T/B ratios (T/M and T/Bdyn ratios) were statistically significantly different (showing a higher uptake of [(18)F]Bombesin compared to [(11)C]CHO); additionally, also the change of the T/M and T/B ratios over time was significantly different between both tracers in the dynamic analysis (p < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, there was a statistically significantly different change of the K/B and L/B ratios over time between the two tracers in the dynamic analysis (p = 0.026 and p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS [(18)F]Bombesin (BAY 86-4367) visually and semi-quantitatively outperforms [(11)C]CHO in the PC-3 prostate cancer xenograft model. [(18)F]Bombesin tumor uptake was significantly higher compared to [(11)C]CHO. [(18)F]Bombesin showed better imaging properties compared to the clinically utilized [(11)C]CHO due to a higher tumor uptake as well as a lower liver and kidney uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Marie Schwarzenböck
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany. .,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rostock University Medical Centre, Gertrudenplatz 1, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Philipp Schmeja
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rostock University Medical Centre, Gertrudenplatz 1, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jens Kurth
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rostock University Medical Centre, Gertrudenplatz 1, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Michael Souvatzoglou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Roman Nawroth
- Department of Urology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Uwe Treiber
- Department of Urology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Guenther Kundt
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Rostock University Medical Centre, Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 8, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sandra Berndt
- Global Drug Discovery, Bayer Healthcare, Muellerstr. 178, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Keith Graham
- Global Drug Discovery, Bayer Healthcare, Muellerstr. 178, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Reingard Senekowitsch-Schmidtke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaiger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Sibylle I Ziegler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Hans-Jürgen Wester
- Institution of Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Walther-Meißner-Str. 3, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Bernd Joachim Krause
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rostock University Medical Centre, Gertrudenplatz 1, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Charron CL, Hickey JL, Nsiama TK, Cruickshank DR, Turnbull WL, Luyt LG. Molecular imaging probes derived from natural peptides. Nat Prod Rep 2017; 33:761-800. [PMID: 26911790 DOI: 10.1039/c5np00083a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Covering: up to the end of 2015.Peptides are naturally occurring compounds that play an important role in all living systems and are responsible for a range of essential functions. Peptide receptors have been implicated in disease states such as oncology, metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, natural peptides have been exploited as diagnostic and therapeutic agents due to the unique target specificity for their endogenous receptors. This review discusses a variety of natural peptides highlighting their discovery, endogenous receptors, as well as their derivatization to create molecular imaging agents, with an emphasis on the design of radiolabelled peptides. This review also highlights methods for discovering new and novel peptides when knowledge of specific targets and endogenous ligands are not available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C L Charron
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
| | - J L Hickey
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
| | - T K Nsiama
- London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada
| | - D R Cruickshank
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
| | - W L Turnbull
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
| | - L G Luyt
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada. and Departments of Oncology and Medical Imaging, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada and London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Conventional anatomical imaging with CT and MRI has limitations in the evaluation of prostate cancer. PET is a powerful imaging technique, which can be directed toward molecular targets as diverse as glucose metabolism, density of prostate-specific membrane antigen receptors, and skeletal osteoblastic activity. Although 2-deoxy-2-18F-FDG-PET is the mainstay of molecular imaging, FDG has limitations in typically indolent prostate cancer. Yet, there are many useful and emerging PET tracers beyond FDG, which provide added value. These include radiotracers interrogating prostate cancer via molecular mechanisms related to the biology of choline, acetate, amino acids, bombesin, and dihydrotestosterone, among others. Choline is used for cell membrane synthesis and its metabolism is upregulated in prostate cancer. 11C-choline and 18F-choline are in wide clinical use outside the United States, and they have proven most beneficial for detection of recurrent prostate cancer. 11C-acetate is an indirect biomarker of fatty acid synthesis, which is also upregulated in prostate cancer. Imaging of prostate cancer with 11C-acetate is overall similar to the choline radiotracers yet is not as widely used. Upregulation of amino acid transport in prostate cancer provides the biologic basis for amino acid-based radiotracers. Most recent progress has been made with the nonnatural alicyclic amino acid analogue radiotracer anti-1-amino-3-18F-fluorocyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (FACBC or fluciclovine) also proven most useful for the detection of recurrent prostate cancer. Other emerging PET radiotracers for prostate cancer include the bombesin group directed to the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor, 16β-18F-fluoro-5α-dihydrotestosterone (FDHT) that binds to the androgen receptor, and those targeting the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor 1 (VPAC-1) and urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), which are also overexpressed in prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David M Schuster
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
| | - Cristina Nanni
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Policlinico S. Orsola, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Fanti
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Policlinico S. Orsola, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Structure-activity relationship study towards non-peptidic positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer for gastrin releasing peptide receptors: Development of [ 18F] (S)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-N-[1-[5-(2-fluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl]cyclohexylmethyl]-2-methyl-2-[3-(4-nitrophenyl)ureido]propionamide. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 25:277-292. [PMID: 27863916 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Gastrin-releasing peptide receptors (GRP-Rs, also known as bombesin 2 receptors) are overexpressed in a variety of human cancers, including prostate cancer, and therefore they represent a promising target for in vivo imaging of tumors using positron emission tomography (PET). Structural modifications of the non-peptidic GRP-R antagonist PD-176252 ((S)-1a) led to the identification of the fluorinated analog (S)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-N-[1-[5-(2-fluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl]cyclohexylmethyl]-2-methyl-2-[3-(4-nitrophenyl)ureido]propionamide ((S)-1m) that showed high affinity and antagonistic properties for GRP-R. This antagonist was stable in rat plasma and towards microsomal oxidative metabolism in vitro. (S)-1m was successfully radiolabeled with fluorine-18 through a conventional radiochemistry procedure. [18F](S)-1m showed high affinity and displaceable interaction for GRP-Rs in PC3 cells in vitro.
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang H, Desai P, Koike Y, Houghton J, Carlin S, Tandon N, Touijer K, Weber WA. Dual-Modality Imaging of Prostate Cancer with a Fluorescent and Radiogallium-Labeled Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor Antagonist. J Nucl Med 2016; 58:29-35. [PMID: 27516447 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.176099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) receptors (GRPr) are frequently overexpressed in human prostate cancer, and radiolabeled GRPr affinity ligands have shown promise for in vivo imaging of prostate cancer with PET. The goal of this study was to develop a dual-modality imaging probe that can be used for noninvasive PET imaging and optical imaging of prostate cancer. METHODS We designed and synthesized an IRDye 650 and DOTA-conjugated GRPr antagonist, HZ220 (DOTA-Lys(IRDye 650)-PEG4-[D-Phe6, Sta13]-BN(6-14)NH2), by reacting DOTA-Lys-PEG4-[D-Phe6, Sta13]-BN(6-14)NH2 (HZ219) with IRDye 650 N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester. Receptor-specific binding of gallium-labeled HZ220 was characterized in PC-3 prostate cancer cells (PC-3), and tumor uptake in mice was imaged with PET/CT and fluorescence imaging. Receptor binding affinity, in vivo tumor uptake, and biodistribution were compared with the GRPr antagonists HZ219, DOTA-PEG4-[D-Phe6, Sta13]-BN(6-14)NH2 (DOTA-AR), and DOTA-(4-amino-1-carboxymethyl-piperidine)-[D-Phe6, Sta13]-BN(6-14)NH2 (DOTA-RM2). RESULTS After hydrophilic-lipophilic balance cartridge purification, 68Ga-HZ220 was obtained with a radiochemical yield of 56% ± 8% (non-decay-corrected), and the radiochemical purity was greater than 95%. Ga-HZ220 had a lower affinity for GRPr (inhibitory concentration of 50% [IC50], 21.4 ± 7.4 nM) than Ga-DOTA-AR (IC50, 0.48 ± 0.18 nM) or Ga-HZ219 (IC50, 0.69 ± 0.18 nM). Nevertheless, 68Ga-HZ220 had an in vivo tumor accumulation similar to 68Ga-DOTA-AR (4.63 ± 0.31 vs. 4.07 ± 0.29 percentage injected activity per mL [%IA/mL] at 1 h after injection) but lower than that of 68Ga-DOTA-RM2 (10.4 ± 0.4 %IA/mL). The tumor uptake of 68Ga-HZ220 was blocked significantly with an excessive amount of GRP antagonists. IVIS spectrum imaging also visualized PC-3 xenografts in vivo and ex vivo with a high-contrast ratio. Autoradiography and fluorescent-based microscopic imaging with 68Ga-HZ220 consistently colocated the expression of GRPr. 68Ga-HZ220 displayed a higher kidney uptake than both 68Ga-DOTA-AR and 68Ga-DOTA-RM2 (16.9 ± 6.5 vs. 4.48 ± 1.63 vs. 5.01 ± 2.29 %IA/mL). CONCLUSION 68Ga-HZ220 is a promising bimodal ligand for noninvasive PET imaging and intraoperative optical imaging of GRPr-expressing malignancies. Bimodal nuclear/fluorescence imaging may not only improve cancer detection and guide surgical resections, but also improve our understanding of the uptake of GRPr ligands on the cellular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanwen Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Pooja Desai
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Yusuke Koike
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; and
| | - Jacob Houghton
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sean Carlin
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Nidhi Tandon
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Karim Touijer
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; and
| | - Wolfgang A Weber
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York .,Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Valverde IE, Vomstein S, Mindt TL. Toward the Optimization of Bombesin-Based Radiotracers for Tumor Targeting. J Med Chem 2016; 59:3867-77. [PMID: 27054526 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The peptide bombesin (BBN) is a peptide with high affinity for the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPr), a receptor that is overexpressed by, for example, breast and prostate cancers. Thus, GRPr agonists can be used as cancer-targeting vectors to shuttle diagnostic and therapeutic agents into tumor cells. With the aim of optimizing the tumor targeting properties of a radiolabeled [Nle(14)]BBN(7-14) moiety, novel BBN(7-14)- and BBN(6-14)-based radioconjugates were synthesized, labeled with Lu-177, and fully evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The effect of residue and backbone modification on several parameters such as the internalization of the radiolabeled peptides into PC3 and AR42J tumor cells, their affinity toward the human GRPr, metabolic stability in blood plasma, and biodistribution in mice bearing GRPr-expressing PC3 xenografts was studied. As a result of our investigations, a novel radiolabeled GRPr agonist with a high tumor uptake and a high tumor-to-kidney ratio was identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibai E Valverde
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Basel Hospital , Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Vomstein
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Basel Hospital , Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas L Mindt
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Basel Hospital , Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Applied Diagnostics, General Hospital of Vienna , Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mitran B, Varasteh Z, Selvaraju RK, Lindeberg G, Sörensen J, Larhed M, Tolmachev V, Rosenström U, Orlova A. Selection of optimal chelator improves the contrast of GRPR imaging using bombesin analogue RM26. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:2124-34. [PMID: 26983776 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Bombesin (BN) analogs bind with high affinity to gastrin-releasing peptide receptors (GRPRs) that are up-regulated in prostate cancer and can be used for the visualization of prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of radionuclide-chelator complexes on the biodistribution pattern of the 111In-labeled bombesin antagonist PEG2-D-Phe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2 (PEG2-RM26) and to identify an optimal construct for SPECT imaging. A series of RM26 analogs N-terminally conjugated with NOTA, NODAGA, DOTA and DOTAGA via a PEG2 spacer were radiolabeled with 111In and evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. The conjugates were successfully labeled with 111In with 100% purity and retained binding specificity to GRPR and high stability. The cellular processing of all compounds was characterized by slow internalization. The IC50 values were in the low nanomolar range, with lower IC50 values for positively charged natIn-NOTA-PEG2-RM26 (2.6 ± 0.1 nM) and higher values for negatively charged natIn-DOTAGA-PEG2-RM26 (4.8 ± 0.5 nM). The kinetic binding studies showed KD values in the picomolar range that followed the same pattern as the IC50 data. The biodistribution of all compounds was studied in BALB/c nu/nu mice bearing PC-3 prostate cancer xenografts. Tumor targeting and biodistribution studies displayed rapid clearance of radioactivity from the blood and normal organs via kidney excretion. All conjugates showed similar uptake in tumors at 4 h p.i. The radioactivity accumulation in GRPR-expressing organs was significantly lower for DOTA- and DOTAGA-containing constructs compared to those containing NOTA and NODAGA. 111In-NOTA-PEG2-RM26 with a positively charged complex showed the highest initial uptake and the slowest clearance of radioactivity from the liver. At 4 h p.i., DOTA- and DOTAGA-coupled analogs showed significantly higher tumor-to-organ ratios compared to NOTA- and NODAGA-containing variants. The NODAGA conjugate demonstrated the best retention of radioactivity in tumors, and, at 24 h p.i., had the highest contrast to blood, muscle and bones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Mitran
- Division of Molecular Imaging, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zohreh Varasteh
- Division of Molecular Imaging, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ram Kumar Selvaraju
- Division of Molecular Imaging, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Lindeberg
- Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jens Sörensen
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Larhed
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vladimir Tolmachev
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Rosenström
- Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Orlova
- Division of Molecular Imaging, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wibmer AG, Burger IA, Sala E, Hricak H, Weber WA, Vargas HA. Molecular Imaging of Prostate Cancer. Radiographics 2015; 36:142-59. [PMID: 26587888 DOI: 10.1148/rg.2016150059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common noncutaneous malignancy among men in the Western world. The natural history and clinical course of prostate cancer are markedly diverse, ranging from small indolent intraprostatic lesions to highly aggressive disseminated disease. An understanding of this biologic heterogeneity is considered a necessary requisite in the quest for the adoption of precise and personalized management strategies. Molecular imaging offers the potential for noninvasive assessment of the biologic interactions underpinning prostate carcinogenesis. Currently, numerous molecular imaging probes are in clinical use or undergoing preclinical or clinical evaluation. These probes can be divided into those that image increased cell metabolism, those that target prostate cancer-specific membrane proteins and receptor molecules, and those that bind to the bone matrix adjacent to metastases to bone. The increased metabolism and vascular changes in prostate cancer cells can be evaluated with radiolabeled analogs of choline, acetate, glucose, amino acids, and nucleotides. The androgen receptor, prostate-specific membrane antigen, and gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (ie, bombesin) are overexpressed in prostate cancer and can be targeted by specific radiolabeled imaging probes. Because metastatic prostate cancer cells induce osteoblastic signaling pathways of adjacent bone tissue, bone-seeking radiotracers are sensitive tools for the detection of metastases to bone. Knowledge about the underlying biologic processes responsible for the phenotypes associated with the different stages of prostate cancer allows an appropriate choice of methods and helps avoid pitfalls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas G Wibmer
- From the Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065 (A.G.W., E.S., H.H., W.A.W., H.A.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (I.A.B.)
| | - Irene A Burger
- From the Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065 (A.G.W., E.S., H.H., W.A.W., H.A.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (I.A.B.)
| | - Evis Sala
- From the Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065 (A.G.W., E.S., H.H., W.A.W., H.A.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (I.A.B.)
| | - Hedvig Hricak
- From the Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065 (A.G.W., E.S., H.H., W.A.W., H.A.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (I.A.B.)
| | - Wolfgang A Weber
- From the Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065 (A.G.W., E.S., H.H., W.A.W., H.A.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (I.A.B.)
| | - Hebert Alberto Vargas
- From the Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065 (A.G.W., E.S., H.H., W.A.W., H.A.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (I.A.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Valverde IE, Vomstein S, Fischer CA, Mascarin A, Mindt TL. Probing the Backbone Function of Tumor Targeting Peptides by an Amide-to-Triazole Substitution Strategy. J Med Chem 2015; 58:7475-84. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ibai E. Valverde
- Division
of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Basel Hospital, Petersgraben
4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Vomstein
- Division
of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Basel Hospital, Petersgraben
4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christiane A. Fischer
- Division
of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Basel Hospital, Petersgraben
4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alba Mascarin
- Division
of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Basel Hospital, Petersgraben
4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas L. Mindt
- Division
of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Basel Hospital, Petersgraben
4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Paulus A, Desai P, Carney B, Carlucci G, Reiner T, Brand C, Weber WA. Development of a clickable bimodal fluorescent/PET probe for in vivo imaging. EJNMMI Res 2015; 5:120. [PMID: 26285667 PMCID: PMC4540712 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-015-0120-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fluorescent imaging agents are becoming evermore important in preclinical and clinical research. They do, however, suffer from poor tissue penetration, which makes optical fluorescence imaging incompatible with whole-body imaging techniques. The design of novel bimodal PET active and fluorescent tracers could therefore combine the benefits of optical imaging with radioactively labeled imaging probes. Herein, we report the synthesis and evaluation of a clickable 18F-labeled fluorescent dye. Methods An azide-modified BODIPY-Fl dye could be successfully radio-labeled with 18F using an 18F/19F exchange reaction of the boron-fluoride core of the BODIPY dye to yield a clickable bimodal PET/fluorescent imaging tool. In vitro as well as in vivo imaging (PET/fluorescence) using a bombesin analog was conducted to study the applicability of the dual-modality imaging probe. Results We use the radio-labeled small molecule, 18F-BODIPY-azide to label site-specifically different targeted peptides, based on a standard modular labeling protocol. Following the synthesis of a bimodal bombesin analog, we determine the peptide tracer’s performance in vitro and in vivo, exploring both the optical as well as PET imaging capabilities. Conclusion This versatile methodology has the potential to have a transformational impact on 18F radiotracer synthesis, opening the door for rapid screening of novel-labeled peptide tracers, both on the cellular (optical) as well as whole-body (PET) level. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13550-015-0120-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Paulus
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, 10065, New York, NY, USA,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Amouroux G, Pan J, Jenni S, Zhang C, Zhang Z, Hundal-Jabal N, Colpo N, Liu Z, Bénard F, Lin KS. Imaging Bradykinin B1 Receptor with 68Ga-Labeled [des-Arg10]Kallidin Derivatives: Effect of the Linker on Biodistribution and Tumor Uptake. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:2879-88. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Amouroux
- Department
of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Jinhe Pan
- Department
of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Silvia Jenni
- Department
of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Department
of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Zhengxing Zhang
- Department
of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Navjit Hundal-Jabal
- Department
of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Nadine Colpo
- Department
of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Zhibo Liu
- Chemistry
Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - François Bénard
- Department
of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department
of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E3, Canada
| | - Kuo-Shyan Lin
- Department
of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department
of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Srinivasarao M, Galliford CV, Low PS. Principles in the design of ligand-targeted cancer therapeutics and imaging agents. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2015; 14:203-19. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd4519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 476] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
21
|
Sah BR, Burger IA, Schibli R, Friebe M, Dinkelborg L, Graham K, Borkowski S, Bacher-Stier C, Valencia R, Srinivasan A, Hany TF, Mu L, Wild PJ, Schaefer NG. Dosimetry and First Clinical Evaluation of the New 18F-Radiolabeled Bombesin Analogue BAY 864367 in Patients with Prostate Cancer. J Nucl Med 2015; 56:372-8. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.147116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
|
22
|
Richter S, Wuest M, Bergman CN, Way JD, Krieger S, Rogers BE, Wuest F. Rerouting the metabolic pathway of (18)F-labeled peptides: the influence of prosthetic groups. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:201-12. [PMID: 25572982 DOI: 10.1021/bc500599m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Current translational cancer research is directed to the development of high affinity peptide ligands for targeting neuropeptide receptors overexpressed in different types of cancer. Besides their desired high binding affinity to the receptor, the suitability of radiolabeled peptides as targeting vectors for molecular imaging and therapy depends on additional aspects such as high tumor-to-background ratio, favorable clearance pattern from nontarget tissue, and sufficient metabolic stability in vivo. This study reports how a switch from the prosthetic group, N-succinimidyl-4-[(18)F]fluorobenzoate ([(18)F]SFB), to 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-d-glucose ([(18)F]FDG) effects the metabolic pathway of an (18)F-labeled bombesin derivative, QWAV-Sar-H-FA01010-Tle-NH2. (18)F-Labeled bombesin derivatives represent potent peptide ligands for selective targeting of gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) receptor-expressing prostate cancer. Radiosynthesis of (18)F-labeled bombesin analogues [(18)F]FBz-Ava-BBN2 and [(18)F]FDG-AOAc-BBN2 was achieved in good radiochemical yields of ~50% at a specific activity exceeding 40 GBq/μmol. Both nonradioactive compounds FBz-Ava-BBN2 and FDG-AOAc-BBN2 inhibited binding of [(125)I]Tyr(4)-bombesin(1-14) in PC3 cells with IC50 values of 9 and 16 nM, respectively, indicating high inhibitory potency. Influence of each prosthetic group was further investigated in PC3 mouse xenografts using dynamic small animal PET imaging. In comparison to [(18)F]FBz-Ava-BBN2, total tumor uptake levels were doubled after injection of [(18)F]FDG-AOAc-BBN2 while renal elimination was increased. Blood clearance and in vivo metabolic stability were similar for both compounds. The switch from [(18)F]SFB to [(18)F]FDG as the prosthetic group led to a significant reduction in lipophilicity which resulted in more favorable renal clearance and increased tumor uptake. The presented single step radiolabeling-glycosylation approach represents an innovative strategy for site-directed peptide labeling with the short-lived positron emitter (18)F while providing a favorable pharmacokinetic profile of (18)F-labeled peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Richter
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute , 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2X4, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
KIM MINHWAN, PARK JIAE, WOO SANGKEUN, LEE KYOCHUL, AN GWANGIL, KIM BYOUNGSOO, KIM KWANGIL, LEE TAESUP, KIM CHANWHA, KIM KYEONGMIN, KANG JOOHYUN, LEE YONGJIN. Evaluation of a 64Cu-labeled 1,4,7-triazacyclononane, 1-glutaric acid-4,7 acetic acid (NODAGA)-galactose-bombesin analogue as a PET imaging probe in a gastrin-releasing peptide receptor-expressing prostate cancer xenograft model. Int J Oncol 2015; 46:1159-68. [PMID: 25586565 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
24
|
Lim JC, Cho EH, Kim JJ, Choi SM, Lee SY, Nam SS, Park UJ, Park SH. Preclinical pharmacokinetic, biodistribution, imaging and therapeutic efficacy of (177)Lu-Labeled glycated bombesin analogue for gastrin-releasing peptide receptor-positive prostate tumor targeting. Nucl Med Biol 2014; 42:234-41. [PMID: 25498002 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) has been shown to be overexpressed in many human tumors, including prostate, colon, gastric, breast, pancreatic, and small cell lung cancers. Because bombesin (BBS) binds to GRPR with high affinity, BBS derivatives have been labeled with various radionuclides and have been demonstrated to be successful candidates for peptide receptor radiotherapy (PRRT). The present study describes the in vitro and in vivo preclinical characteristics of (177)Lu-DOTA-Lys(glucose)-4 aminobenzoic acid-BBS7-14 ((177)Lu-DOTA-gluBBN) to prepare radiolabeled candidates for the treatment of GRPR-expressing prostate tumors. METHODS (177)Lu-DOTA-gluBBN was prepared as previously published [1]. Human prostate PC-3 tumor cells were used to determine the binding (Kd) retention and efflux of (177)Lu-DOTA-gluBBN. Pharmacokinetic, imaging, and radiotherapy studies were performed in PC-3 xenografted mice. RESULTS The Kd value of (177)Lu-DOTA-gluBBN was 0.63 nM, with a maximum binding capacity (Bmax) of 669.7 fmol/10(6) cells (4.04×10(5) GRPR/cell). During a 2-hr incubation, 90.1±0.4% of the cell-associated radio-peptide was internalized, and 56.3±7.1% of the internalized radio-peptide was externalized in vitro. High amounts of the radio-peptide were rapidly accumulated in a PC-3 tumor in vivo, and the % ID/g of the tumor was 12.42±2.15 1 hr p.i. The radio-peptide was quickly cleared from the blood, yielding tumor-to-blood ratios of 39.22±17.36 at 1 hr p.i. and 330.67±131.23 at 24hr p.i. In addition, (177)Lu-DOTA-gluBBN was clearly visualized in PC-3 tumors 1 hr p.i. and significantly inhibited the tumor growth (P<0.05). Treatment-related toxicity in the pancreas and kidneys was not observed, except for slight glomerulopathy. CONCLUSIONS The pharmacokinetic, imaging, and therapy studies suggest that this (177)Lu-DOTA-gluBBN has promising characteristics for application in nuclear medicine, namely, for the diagnosis and treatment of GRPR-overexpressing prostate tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Cheong Lim
- Radioisotope Research Division, Department of Research Reactor Utilization, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 305-353, Republic of Korea; Bio-therapy Human Resources Center, Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.
| | - Eun Ha Cho
- Radioisotope Research Division, Department of Research Reactor Utilization, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 305-353, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Joo Kim
- Radioisotope Research Division, Department of Research Reactor Utilization, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 305-353, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Mu Choi
- Radioisotope Research Division, Department of Research Reactor Utilization, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 305-353, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Lee
- Radioisotope Research Division, Department of Research Reactor Utilization, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 305-353, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soo Nam
- Radioisotope Research Division, Department of Research Reactor Utilization, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 305-353, Republic of Korea
| | - Ul Jae Park
- Radioisotope Research Division, Department of Research Reactor Utilization, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 305-353, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Park
- Bio-therapy Human Resources Center, Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Marsouvanidis PJ, Melis M, de Blois E, Breeman WAP, Krenning EP, Maina T, Nock BA, de Jong M. In vivo enzyme inhibition improves the targeting of [177Lu]DOTA-GRP(13-27) in GRPR-positive tumors in mice. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2014; 29:359-67. [PMID: 25286347 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2014.1706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastrin-releasing peptide receptors (GRPR) and GRP-derived analogs have attracted attention due to high receptor expression in frequently occurring human neoplasia. The authors recently synthesized a series of GRPR-affine peptide analogs based on the 27-mer GRP and derivatized with the DOTA chelator at the N-terminus for (111)In-labeling. In this study, the authors evaluated the most promising from these series, DOTA-GRP(13-27), after radiolabeling with (177)Lu for future therapeutic applications. In addition, to improve in vivo stability of the peptide against in vivo degradation by the protease neutral endopeptidase (NEP), the authors coinjected [(177)Lu]DOTA-GRP(13-27) with the potent NEP inhibitor phosphoramidon (PA). The authors also aimed at reducing renal uptake by coadministration of lysine. METHODS In vivo stability studies were performed in Swiss albino mice. Biodistribution studies were conducted in NMRI nu/nu mice bearing prostate cancer (PC)-3 xenografts. Ex vivo autoradiography was performed using frozen sections from PC-3 xenografts and kidneys. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Coadministration of PA significantly increased the percentage of intact radiopeptide in the mouse circulation. From biodistribution and ex vivo autoradiography studies, coadministration of both lysine and PA with [(177)Lu]DOTA-GRP(13-27) appeared to induce a clear improvement of tumor uptake as well as lower levels of renal radioactivity, causing a promising ninefold increase in tumor/kidney ratios.
Collapse
|
26
|
Gourni E, Mansi R, Jamous M, Waser B, Smerling C, Burian A, Buchegger F, Reubi JC, Maecke HR. N-Terminal Modifications Improve the Receptor Affinity and Pharmacokinetics of Radiolabeled Peptidic Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor Antagonists: Examples of 68Ga- and 64Cu-Labeled Peptides for PET Imaging. J Nucl Med 2014; 55:1719-25. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.141242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
|
27
|
Abstract
Radiolabeled somatostatin analogues are routinely used for the detection of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), exploiting the expression of somatostatin-receptor subtypes on the cell membrane. Because of the heterogeneity of the origin of these tumors, the performance of radiolabeled somatostatin analogues in certain types of NETs is limited due to the low incidence or low levels of receptor expression. In this review, the most recent developments and in vitro and in vivo characterization of these radiolabeled peptide analogues are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Brom
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Otto Boerman
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Gotthardt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim J G Oyen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Jamous M, Tamma ML, Gourni E, Waser B, Reubi JC, Maecke HR, Mansi R. PEG spacers of different length influence the biological profile of bombesin-based radiolabeled antagonists. Nucl Med Biol 2014; 41:464-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
29
|
Levi J, Sathirachinda A, Gambhir SS. A high-affinity, high-stability photoacoustic agent for imaging gastrin-releasing peptide receptor in prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:3721-9. [PMID: 24850845 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-3405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the utility of targeted photoacoustic imaging (PAI) in providing molecular information to complement intrinsic functional and anatomical details of the vasculature within prostate lesion. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We developed a PAI agent, AA3G-740, that targets gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR), found to be highly overexpressed in prostate cancer. The binding specificity of the agent was evaluated in human prostate cancer cell lines, PC3 and LNCaP, and antagonist properties determined by cell internalization and intracellular calcium mobilization studies. The imaging sensitivity was assessed for the agent itself and for the PC3 cells labeled with agent. The in vivo stability of the agent was determined in human plasma and in the blood of living mice. The in vivo binding of the agent was evaluated in PC3 prostate tumor models in mice, and was validated ex vivo by optical imaging. RESULTS AA3G-740 demonstrated strong and specific binding to GRPR. The sensitivity of detection in vitro indicated suitability of the agent to image very small lesions. In mice, the agent was able to bind to GRPR even in poorly vascularized tumors leading to nearly 2-fold difference in photoacoustic signal relative to the control agent. CONCLUSIONS The ability to image both vasculature and molecular profile outside the blood vessels gives molecular PAI a unique advantage over currently used imaging techniques. The imaging method presented here can find application both in diagnosis and in image-guided biopsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Levi
- Authors' Affiliations: Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection; and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Stanford, California
| | - Ataya Sathirachinda
- Authors' Affiliations: Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection; and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Stanford, California
| | - Sanjiv S Gambhir
- Authors' Affiliations: Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection; and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Stanford, California
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Radiolabeling of HTE1PA: A new monopicolinate cyclam derivative for Cu-64 phenotypic imaging. In vitro and in vivo stability studies in mice. Nucl Med Biol 2014; 41 Suppl:e49-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
31
|
Wang B, Galliford CV, Low PS. Guiding principles in the design of ligand-targeted nanomedicines. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 9:313-30. [PMID: 24552563 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicines for the treatment of most human pathologies are encumbered by unwanted side effects that arise from the deposition of an effective drug into the wrong tissues. The logical remedy for these undesirable properties involves selective targeting of the therapeutic agent to pathologic cells, thereby avoiding collateral toxicity to healthy cells. Since significant advantages can also accrue by incorporating a therapeutic or imaging agent into a nanoparticle, many laboratories are now combining both benefits into a single formulation. This review will focus on the major guiding principles in the design of ligand-targeted nanoparticles, including optimization of their chemical and physical properties, selection of the ideal targeting ligand, engineering of the appropriate surface passivation and linker strategies to achieve selective delivery of the entrapped cargo to the desired diseased cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Chris V Galliford
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Philip S Low
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Marsouvanidis PJ, Maina T, Sallegger W, Krenning EP, de Jong M, Nock BA. Tumor Diagnosis with New 111In-Radioligands Based on Truncated Human Gastrin Releasing Peptide Sequences: Synthesis and Preclinical Comparison. J Med Chem 2013; 56:8579-87. [DOI: 10.1021/jm4010237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Panteleimon J. Marsouvanidis
- Molecular
Radiopharmacy, INRASTES, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, GR-153 10 Athens, Greece
| | - Theodosia Maina
- Molecular
Radiopharmacy, INRASTES, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, GR-153 10 Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Berthold A. Nock
- Molecular
Radiopharmacy, INRASTES, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, GR-153 10 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Buchegger F, Garibotto V, Zilli T, Allainmat L, Jorcano S, Vees H, Rager O, Steiner C, Zaidi H, Seimbille Y, Ratib O, Miralbell R. First imaging results of an intraindividual comparison of (11)C-acetate and (18)F-fluorocholine PET/CT in patients with prostate cancer at early biochemical first or second relapse after prostatectomy or radiotherapy. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2013; 41:68-78. [PMID: 24104592 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-013-2540-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE (18)F-Fluorocholine (FCH) and (11)C-acetate (ACE) PET are widely used for detection of recurrent prostate cancer (PC). We present the first results of a comparative, prospective PET/CT study of both tracers evaluated in the same patients presenting with recurrence and low PSA to compare the diagnostic information provided by the two tracers. METHODS The study group comprised 23 patients studied for a rising PSA level after radical prostatectomy (RP, 7 patients, PSA ≤ 3 ng/ml), curative radiotherapy (RT, 7 patients, PSA ≤ 5 ng/ml) or RP and salvage RT (9 patients, PSA ≤ 5 ng/ml). Both FCH and ACE PET/CT scans were performed in a random sequence a median of 4 days (range 0 to 11 days) apart. FCH PET/CT was started at injection (307 ± 16 MBq) with a 10-min dynamic acquisition of the prostate bed, followed by a whole-body PET scan and late (45 min) imaging of the pelvis. ACE PET/CT was performed as a double whole-body PET scan starting 5 and 22 min after injection (994 ± 72 MBq), and a late view (45 min) of the prostate bed. PET/CT scans were blindly reviewed by two independent pairs of two experienced nuclear medicine physicians, discordant subgroup results being discussed to reach a consensus for positive, negative end equivocal results. RESULTS PET results were concordant in 88 out of 92 local, regional and distant findings (Cohen's kappa 0.929). In particular, results were concordant in all patients concerning local status, bone metastases and distant findings. Lymph-node results were concordant in 19 patients and different in 4 patients. On a per-patient basis results were concordant in 22 of 23 patients (14 positive, 5 negative and 3 equivocal). In only one patient was ACE PET/CT positive for nodal metastases while FCH PET/CT was overall negative; interestingly, the ACE-positive and FCH-negative lymph nodes became positive in a second FCH PET/CT scan performed a few months later. CONCLUSION Overall, ACE and FCH PET/CT showed excellent concordance, on both a per-lesion and a per-patient basis, suggesting that both tracers perform equally for recurrent prostate cancer staging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franz Buchegger
- Nuclear Medicine Division, University Hospital of Geneva, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lozza C, Navarro-Teulon I, Pèlegrin A, Pouget JP, Vivès E. Peptides in receptor-mediated radiotherapy: from design to the clinical application in cancers. Front Oncol 2013; 3:247. [PMID: 24093086 PMCID: PMC3782707 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Short peptides can show high affinity for specific receptors overexpressed on tumor cells. Some of these are already used in cancerology as diagnostic tools and others are in clinical trials for therapeutic applications. Therefore, peptides exhibit great potential as a diagnostic tool but also as an alternative or an additional antitumoral approach upon the covalent attachment of a therapeutic moiety such as a radionuclide or a cytotoxic drug. The chemistry offers flexibility to graft onto the targeting-peptide either fluorine or iodine directly, or metallic radionuclides through appropriate chelating agent. Since short peptides are straightforward to synthesize, there is an opportunity to further improve existing peptides or to design new ones for clinical applications. However, several considerations have to be taken into account to optimize the recognition properties of the targeting-peptide to its receptor, to improve its stability in the biological fluids and its residence in the body, or to increase its overall therapeutic effect. In this review, we highlight the different aspects which need to be considered for the development of an efficient peptide receptor-mediated radionuclide therapy in different neoplasms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Lozza
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier , Montpellier , France ; INSERM, U896 , Montpellier , France ; Université Montpellier 1 , Montpellier , France ; Institut Régional du Cancer Montpellier , Montpellier , France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Marsouvanidis PJ, Maina T, Sallegger W, Krenning EP, de Jong M, Nock BA. 99mTc Radiotracers Based on Human GRP(18-27): Synthesis and Comparative Evaluation. J Nucl Med 2013; 54:1797-803. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.118695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
|
36
|
Marsouvanidis PJ, Nock BA, Hajjaj B, Fehrentz JA, Brunel L, M'Kadmi C, van der Graaf L, Krenning EP, Maina T, Martinez J, de Jong M. Gastrin releasing peptide receptor-directed radioligands based on a bombesin antagonist: synthesis, (111)in-labeling, and preclinical profile. J Med Chem 2013; 56:2374-84. [PMID: 23427837 DOI: 10.1021/jm301692p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Novel bombesin (BBN) antagonists were synthesized by coupling the chelator 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) to H-d-Phe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2 (JMV594) through linkers of increasing number of (βAla)x residues (x = 1-3). Labeling with (111)In afforded the respective radiotracers in high purity and high specific activity. Bioconjugate affinity for the gastrin releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) as determined against [(125)I-Tyr(4)]BBN was high (IC50 values in the lower nanomolar range). Radioligands poorly internalized in PC-3 cells at 37 °C. Radiopeptides remained >60% intact 5 min after entering the bloodstream of healthy mice. After injection in SCID mice bearing human PC-3 xenografts all analogues showed high tumor uptake and rapid background clearance via the kidneys into urine. Interestingly, pancreatic uptake, albeit GRPR-specific, declined rapidly with time. (111)In-DOTA-(βAla)2-JMV594 achieved the highest tumor values among the group (17.0 ± 2.8%ID/g vs. 8-10%ID/g, respectively, at 4 h pi) indicating that the (βAla)2-linker favors in vivo interaction of radiopeptides with the GRPR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panteleimon J Marsouvanidis
- Molecular Radiopharmacy, INRASTES, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Ag. Paraskevi Attikis, GR-153 10 Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|