1
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Wang YJ, Valotteau C, Aimard A, Villanueva L, Kostrz D, Follenfant M, Strick T, Chames P, Rico F, Gosse C, Limozin L. Combining DNA scaffolds and acoustic force spectroscopy to characterize individual protein bonds. Biophys J 2023; 122:2518-2530. [PMID: 37290437 PMCID: PMC10323022 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-molecule data are of great significance in biology, chemistry, and medicine. However, new experimental tools to characterize, in a multiplexed manner, protein bond rupture under force are still needed. Acoustic force spectroscopy is an emerging manipulation technique which generates acoustic waves to apply force in parallel on multiple microbeads tethered to a surface. We here exploit this configuration in combination with the recently developed modular junctured-DNA scaffold that has been designed to study protein-protein interactions at the single-molecule level. By applying repetitive constant force steps on the FKBP12-rapamycin-FRB complex, we measure its unbinding kinetics under force at the single-bond level. Special efforts are made in analyzing the data to identify potential pitfalls. We propose a calibration method allowing in situ force determination during the course of the unbinding measurement. We compare our results with well-established techniques, such as magnetic tweezers, to ensure their accuracy. We also apply our strategy to study the force-dependent rupture of a single-domain antibody with its antigen. Overall, we get a good agreement with the published parameters that have been obtained at zero force and population level. Thus, our technique offers single-molecule precision for multiplexed measurements of interactions of biotechnological and medical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jian Wang
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire Adhesion et Inflammation, Turing Centre for Living systems, Marseille, France.
| | - Claire Valotteau
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire Adhesion et Inflammation, Turing Centre for Living systems, Marseille, France
| | - Adrien Aimard
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Centre de Recherche en Cancerologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Lorenzo Villanueva
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire Adhesion et Inflammation, Turing Centre for Living systems, Marseille, France
| | - Dorota Kostrz
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Maryne Follenfant
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Terence Strick
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Chames
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Centre de Recherche en Cancerologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Felix Rico
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire Adhesion et Inflammation, Turing Centre for Living systems, Marseille, France
| | - Charlie Gosse
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France.
| | - Laurent Limozin
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire Adhesion et Inflammation, Turing Centre for Living systems, Marseille, France.
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2
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Bongrand P. Is There a Need for a More Precise Description of Biomolecule Interactions to Understand Cell Function? Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:505-525. [PMID: 35723321 PMCID: PMC8929073 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44020035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An important goal of biological research is to explain and hopefully predict cell behavior from the molecular properties of cellular components. Accordingly, much work was done to build extensive “omic” datasets and develop theoretical methods, including computer simulation and network analysis to process as quantitatively as possible the parameters contained in these resources. Furthermore, substantial effort was made to standardize data presentation and make experimental results accessible to data scientists. However, the power and complexity of current experimental and theoretical tools make it more and more difficult to assess the capacity of gathered parameters to support optimal progress in our understanding of cell function. The purpose of this review is to focus on biomolecule interactions, the interactome, as a specific and important example, and examine the limitations of the explanatory and predictive power of parameters that are considered as suitable descriptors of molecular interactions. Recent experimental studies on important cell functions, such as adhesion and processing of environmental cues for decision-making, support the suggestion that it should be rewarding to complement standard binding properties such as affinity and kinetic constants, or even force dependence, with less frequently used parameters such as conformational flexibility or size of binding molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bongrand
- Lab Adhesion and Inflammation (LAI), Inserm UMR 1067, Cnrs UMR 7333, Aix-Marseille Université UM 61, Marseille 13009, France
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3
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Puech PH, Bongrand P. Mechanotransduction as a major driver of cell behaviour: mechanisms, and relevance to cell organization and future research. Open Biol 2021; 11:210256. [PMID: 34753321 PMCID: PMC8586914 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
How do cells process environmental cues to make decisions? This simple question is still generating much experimental and theoretical work, at the border of physics, chemistry and biology, with strong implications in medicine. The purpose of mechanobiology is to understand how biochemical and physical cues are turned into signals through mechanotransduction. Here, we review recent evidence showing that (i) mechanotransduction plays a major role in triggering signalling cascades following cell-neighbourhood interaction; (ii) the cell capacity to continually generate forces, and biomolecule properties to undergo conformational changes in response to piconewton forces, provide a molecular basis for understanding mechanotransduction; and (iii) mechanotransduction shapes the guidance cues retrieved by living cells and the information flow they generate. This includes the temporal and spatial properties of intracellular signalling cascades. In conclusion, it is suggested that the described concepts may provide guidelines to define experimentally accessible parameters to describe cell structure and dynamics, as a prerequisite to take advantage of recent progress in high-throughput data gathering, computer simulation and artificial intelligence, in order to build a workable, hopefully predictive, account of cell signalling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Henri Puech
- Lab Adhesion and Inflammation (LAI), Inserm UMR 1067, CNRS UMR 7333, Aix-Marseille Université UM61, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Bongrand
- Lab Adhesion and Inflammation (LAI), Inserm UMR 1067, CNRS UMR 7333, Aix-Marseille Université UM61, Marseille, France
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4
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Mesoscale computational protocols for the design of highly cooperative bivalent macromolecules. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7992. [PMID: 32409687 PMCID: PMC7224399 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64646-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed a swiftly increasing interest in the design and production of novel multivalent molecules as powerful alternatives for conventional antibodies in the fight against cancer and infectious diseases. However, while it is widely accepted that large-scale flexibility (10–100 nm) and free/constrained dynamics (100 ns -μs) control the activity of such novel molecules, computational strategies at the mesoscale still lag behind experiments in optimizing the design of crucial features, such as the binding cooperativity (a.k.a. avidity). In this study, we introduced different coarse-grained models of a polymer-linked, two-nanobody composite molecule, with the aim of laying down the physical bases of a thorough computational drug design protocol at the mesoscale. We show that the calculation of suitable potentials of mean force allows one to apprehend the nature, range and strength of the thermodynamic forces that govern the motion of free and wall-tethered molecules. Furthermore, we develop a simple computational strategy to quantify the encounter/dissociation dynamics between the free end of a wall-tethered molecule and the surface, at the roots of binding cooperativity. This procedure allows one to pinpoint the role of internal flexibility and weak non-specific interactions on the kinetic constants of the nanobody-wall encounter and dissociation. Finally, we quantify the role and weight of rare events, which are expected to play a major role in real-life situations, such as in the immune synapse, where the binding kinetics is likely dominated by fluctuations.
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5
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Membrane Organization and Physical Regulation of Lymphocyte Antigen Receptors: A Biophysicist's Perspective. J Membr Biol 2019; 252:397-412. [PMID: 31352492 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-019-00085-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Receptors at the membrane of immune cells are the central players of innate and adaptative immunity, providing effective defence mechanisms against pathogens or cancer cells. Their function is intimately linked to their position at and within the membrane which provides accessibility, mobility as well as membrane proximal cytoskeleton anchoring, all of these elements playing important roles in the final function and links to cellular actions. Understanding how immune cells integrate the specific signals received at their membrane to take a decision remains an immense challenge and a very active field of fundamental and applied research. Recent progress in imaging and micromanipulation techniques have led to an unprecedented refinement in the description of molecular structures and supramolecular assemblies at the immune cell membrane, and provided a glimpse into their dynamics and regulation by force. Several key elements have been scrutinized such as the roles of relative sizes of molecules, lateral organisation, motion in the membrane of the receptors, but also physical cues such as forces, mediated by cellular substrates of different rigidities or applied by the cell itself, in conjunction with its partner cell. We review here these recent discoveries associated with a description of the biophysical methods used. While a conclusive picture integrating all of these components is still lacking, mainly due to the implication of diverse and different mechanisms and spatio-temporal scales involved, the amount of quantitative data available opens the way for physical modelling and numerical simulations and new avenues for experimental research.
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TCR-pMHC kinetics under force in a cell-free system show no intrinsic catch bond, but a minimal encounter duration before binding. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:16943-16948. [PMID: 31315981 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1902141116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The T cell receptor (TCR)-peptide-MHC (pMHC) interaction is the only antigen-specific interaction during T lymphocyte activation. Recent work suggests that formation of catch bonds is characteristic of activating TCR-pMHC interactions. However, whether this binding behavior is an intrinsic feature of the molecular bond, or a consequence of more complex multimolecular or cellular responses, remains unclear. We used a laminar flow chamber to measure, first, 2D TCR-pMHC dissociation kinetics of peptides of various activating potency in a cell-free system in the force range (6 to 15 pN) previously associated with catch-slip transitions and, second, 2D TCR-pMHC association kinetics, for which the method is well suited. We did not observe catch bonds in dissociation, and the off-rate measured in the 6- to 15-pN range correlated well with activation potency, suggesting that formation of catch bonds is not an intrinsic feature of the TCR-pMHC interaction. The association kinetics were better explained by a model with a minimal encounter duration rather than a standard on-rate constant, suggesting that membrane fluidity and dynamics may strongly influence bond formation.
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7
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González C, Chames P, Kerfelec B, Baty D, Robert P, Limozin L. Nanobody-CD16 Catch Bond Reveals NK Cell Mechanosensitivity. Biophys J 2019; 116:1516-1526. [PMID: 30979550 PMCID: PMC6486492 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are key tools in biomedical research and medicine. Their binding properties are classically measured in solution and characterized by an affinity. However, in physiological conditions, antibodies can bridge an immune effector cell and an antigen-presenting cell, implying that mechanical forces may apply to the bonds. For example, in antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity-a major mode of action of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies-the Fab domains bind the antigens on the target cell, whereas the Fc domain binds to the activating receptor CD16 (also known as FcgRIII) of an immune effector cell, in a quasi-bidimensional environment (2D). Therefore, there is a strong need to investigate antigen/antibody binding under force (2D) to better understand and predict antibody activity in vivo. We used two anti-CD16 nanobodies targeting two different epitopes and laminar flow chamber assay to measure the association and dissociation of single bonds formed between microsphere-bound CD16 antigens and surface-bound anti-CD16 nanobodies (or single-domain antibodies), simulating 2D encounters. The two nanobodies exhibit similar 2D association kinetics, characterized by a strong dependence on the molecular encounter duration. However, their 2D dissociation kinetics strongly differ as a function of applied force: one exhibits a slip bond behavior in which off rate increases with force, and the other exhibits a catch-bond behavior in which off rate decreases with force. This is the first time, to our knowledge, that catch-bond behavior was reported for antigen-antibody bond. Quantification of natural killer cells spreading on surfaces coated with the nanobodies provides a comparison between 2D and three-dimensional adhesion in a cellular context, supporting the hypothesis of natural killer cell mechanosensitivity. Our results may also have strong implications for the design of efficient bispecific antibodies for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina González
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, LAI, Laboratoire Adhesion et Inflammation, Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Chames
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Brigitte Kerfelec
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Baty
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Robert
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, LAI, Laboratoire Adhesion et Inflammation, Marseille, France; Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France.
| | - Laurent Limozin
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, LAI, Laboratoire Adhesion et Inflammation, Marseille, France.
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8
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Hatanaka T, Ohashi M, Ishida N. Ordered silica mineralization by regulating local reaction conditions. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:2316-2319. [DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00412a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Using cationic peptides with tetramethyl orthosilicate, a silica nano-film >100 μm in size with <100 nm thickness was constructed under physiological conditions.
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9
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Nguyen NM, Angely C, Andre Dias S, Planus E, Filoche M, Pelle G, Louis B, Isabey D. Characterisation of cellular adhesion reinforcement by multiple bond force spectroscopy in alveolar epithelial cells. Biol Cell 2017; 109:255-272. [DOI: 10.1111/boc.201600080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc-Minh Nguyen
- Inserm; U955; Equipe 13; Biomécanique & Appareil Respiratoire; Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
- Université Paris Est; UMR S955, UPEC Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
- CNRS; ERL 7240 Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
| | - Christelle Angely
- Inserm; U955; Equipe 13; Biomécanique & Appareil Respiratoire; Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
- Université Paris Est; UMR S955, UPEC Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
- CNRS; ERL 7240 Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
| | - Sofia Andre Dias
- Inserm; U955; Equipe 13; Biomécanique & Appareil Respiratoire; Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
- Université Paris Est; UMR S955, UPEC Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
- CNRS; ERL 7240 Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
| | - Emmanuelle Planus
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB); Centre de Recherche UGA/Inserm U1209/CNRS UMR 5309; La Tronche 38700 France
| | - Marcel Filoche
- Inserm; U955; Equipe 13; Biomécanique & Appareil Respiratoire; Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
- Université Paris Est; UMR S955, UPEC Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
- CNRS; ERL 7240 Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée; Ecole Polytechnique; CNRS; Université Paris Saclay; Palaiseau 91128 France
| | - Gabriel Pelle
- Inserm; U955; Equipe 13; Biomécanique & Appareil Respiratoire; Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
- Université Paris Est; UMR S955, UPEC Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
- CNRS; ERL 7240 Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
- AP-HP; Groupe Hospitalier H. Mondor - A. Chenevier; Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles; Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
| | - Bruno Louis
- Inserm; U955; Equipe 13; Biomécanique & Appareil Respiratoire; Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
- Université Paris Est; UMR S955, UPEC Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
- CNRS; ERL 7240 Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
| | - Daniel Isabey
- Inserm; U955; Equipe 13; Biomécanique & Appareil Respiratoire; Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
- Université Paris Est; UMR S955, UPEC Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
- CNRS; ERL 7240 Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
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10
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Rationally designed mineralization for selective recovery of the rare earth elements. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15670. [PMID: 28548098 PMCID: PMC5458567 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing demand for rare earth (RE) elements in advanced materials for permanent magnets, rechargeable batteries, catalysts and lamp phosphors necessitates environmentally friendly approaches for their recovery and separation. Here, we propose a mineralization concept for direct extraction of RE ions with Lamp (lanthanide ion mineralization peptide). In aqueous solution containing various metal ions, Lamp promotes the generation of RE hydroxide species with which it binds to form hydrophobic complexes that accumulate spontaneously as insoluble precipitates, even under physiological conditions (pH ∼6.0). This concept for stabilization of an insoluble lanthanide hydroxide complex with an artificial peptide also works in combination with stable scaffolds like synthetic macromolecules and proteins. Our strategy opens the possibility for selective separation of target metal elements from seawater and industrial wastewater under mild conditions without additional energy input.
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11
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A Rough Energy Landscape to Describe Surface-Linked Antibody and Antigen Bond Formation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35193. [PMID: 27731375 PMCID: PMC5059681 DOI: 10.1038/srep35193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies and B cell receptors often bind their antigen at cell-cell interface while both molecular species are surface-bound, which impacts bond kinetics and function. Despite the description of complex energy landscapes for dissociation kinetics which may also result in significantly different association kinetics, surface-bound molecule (2D) association kinetics usually remain described by an on-rate due to crossing of a single free energy barrier, and few experimental works have measured association kinetics under conditions implying force and two-dimensional relative ligand-receptor motion. We use a new laminar flow chamber to measure 2D bond formation with systematic variation of the distribution of encounter durations between antigen and antibody, in a range from 0.1 to 10 ms. Under physiologically relevant forces, 2D association is 100-fold slower than 3D association as studied by surface plasmon resonance assays. Supported by brownian dynamics simulations, our results show that a minimal encounter duration is required for 2D association; an energy landscape featuring a rough initial part might be a reasonable way of accounting for this. By systematically varying the temperature of our experiments, we evaluate roughness at 2kBT, in the range of previously proposed rough parts of landscapes models during dissociation.
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12
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Wang W, Voigt A, Sundmacher K. The interaction of protein-coated bionanoparticles and surface receptors reevaluated: how important is the number of bonds? SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:6451-6462. [PMID: 27411954 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm00995f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Specifically designed bionanoparticles with a function-oriented protein-coating layer interact with self-prepared receptor surfaces as the counterpart. Based on surface plasmon resonance biosensing experiments, a model framework is validated to estimate the number of bonds formed between these bionanoparticles and the receptor surface based on multivalent interactions. Our multi-site kinetic model is able to analyze the adsorption rate constants and the number of bonds from experimental data of natural and synthetic bionanoparticles. The influence of the mass transport on the adsorption kinetics is modeled including a diffusional boundary layer where a helpful analytical solution has been derived. Our model framework extends previous studies to include a higher number of bonds, ranging from 1 up to 1000. An almost linear relationship between the number of bonds and the adsorption amount of bionanoparticles makes the model framework suitable to predict, for example, ligand density and to further assess coating performance. The proposed model framework can serve as a design tool for multivalent interaction experiments under variable process conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstraße 1, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
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13
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Reinforcement of integrin-mediated T-Lymphocyte adhesion by TNF-induced Inside-out Signaling. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30452. [PMID: 27466027 PMCID: PMC4964354 DOI: 10.1038/srep30452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrin-mediated leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells is a crucial step in immunity against pathogens. Whereas the outside-in signaling pathway in response to the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor (TNF) has already been studied in detail, little knowledge exists about a supposed TNF-mediated inside-out signaling pathway. In contrast to the outside-in signaling pathway, which relies on the TNF-induced upregulation of surface molecules on endothelium, inside-out signaling should also be present in an endothelium-free environment. Using single-cell force spectroscopy, we show here that stimulating Jurkat cells with TNF significantly reinforces their adhesion to fibronectin in a biomimetic in vitro assay for cell-surface contact times of about 1.5 seconds, whereas for larger contact times the effect disappears. Analysis of single-molecule ruptures further demonstrates that TNF strengthens sub-cellular single rupture events at short cell-surface contact times. Hence, our results provide quantitative evidence for the significant impact of TNF-induced inside-out signaling in the T-lymphocyte initial adhesion machinery.
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14
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Fuhrmann A, Engler AJ. The cytoskeleton regulates cell attachment strength. Biophys J 2016; 109:57-65. [PMID: 26153702 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative information about adhesion strength is a fundamental part of our understanding of cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions. Adhesion assays should measure integrin-ECM bond strength, but reports now suggest that cell components remain behind after exposure to acute force for radial shear assays in the presence of divalent cations that increase integrin-ECM affinity. Here, we show that focal adhesion proteins FAK, paxillin, and vinculin but not the cytoskeletal protein actin remain behind after shear-induced detachment of HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells. Cytoskeletal stabilization increased attachment strength by eightfold, whereas cross-linking integrins to the substrate only caused a 1.5-fold increase. Reducing temperature-only during shear application-also increased attachment strength eightfold, with detachment again occurring between focal adhesion proteins and actin. Detachment at the focal adhesion-cytoskeleton interface was also observed in mouse and human fibroblasts and was ligand-independent, highlighting the ubiquity of this mode of detachment in the presence of divalent cations. These data show that the cytoskeleton and its dynamic coupling to focal adhesions are critically important for cell adhesion in niche with divalent cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Fuhrmann
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Adam J Engler
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California.
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15
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Malissen B, Bongrand P. Early T cell activation: integrating biochemical, structural, and biophysical cues. Annu Rev Immunol 2015; 33:539-61. [PMID: 25861978 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-032414-112158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
T cells carry out the formidable task of identifying small numbers of foreign antigenic peptides rapidly and specifically against a very noisy environmental background of endogenous self-peptides. Early steps in T cell activation have thus fascinated biologists and are among the best-studied models of cell stimulation. This remarkable process, critical in adaptive immune responses, approaches and even seems to exceed the limitations set by the physical laws ruling molecular behavior. Despite the enormous amount of information concerning the nature of molecules involved in the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) signal transduction network, and the description of the nanoscale organization and real-time analysis of T cell responses, the general principles of information gathering and processing remain incompletely understood. Here we review currently accepted key data on TCR function, discuss the limitations of current research strategies, and suggest a novel model of TCR triggering and a few promising ways of going further into the integration of available data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Malissen
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy and Centre d'Immunophénomique, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM U1104 and US012, CNRS UMR7280 and UMS3367, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France;
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16
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Gonzalez-Rodriguez D, Barakat AI. Dynamics of receptor-mediated nanoparticle internalization into endothelial cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122097. [PMID: 25901833 PMCID: PMC4406860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles offer a promising medical tool for targeted drug delivery, for example to treat inflamed endothelial cells during the development of atherosclerosis. To inform the design of such therapeutic strategies, we develop a computational model of nanoparticle internalization into endothelial cells, where internalization is driven by receptor-ligand binding and limited by the deformation of the cell membrane and cytoplasm. We specifically consider the case of nanoparticles targeted against ICAM-1 receptors, of relevance for treating atherosclerosis. The model computes the kinetics of the internalization process, the dynamics of binding, and the distribution of stresses exerted between the nanoparticle and the cell membrane. The model predicts the existence of an optimal nanoparticle size for fastest internalization, consistent with experimental observations, as well as the role of bond characteristics, local cell mechanical properties, and external forces in the nanoparticle internalization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gonzalez-Rodriguez
- Laboratoire d’Hydrodynamique (LadHyX), École Polytechnique, CNRS UMR 7646, Palaiseau, France
- * E-mail: (DGR), (AIB)
| | - Abdul I. Barakat
- Laboratoire d’Hydrodynamique (LadHyX), École Polytechnique, CNRS UMR 7646, Palaiseau, France
- * E-mail: (DGR), (AIB)
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Brodovitch A, Limozin L, Bongrand P, Pierres A. Use of TIRF to Monitor T-Lymphocyte Membrane Dynamics with Submicrometer and Subsecond Resolution. Cell Mol Bioeng 2014; 8:178-186. [PMID: 25798205 PMCID: PMC4361759 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-014-0361-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A key step of adaptive immune responses is the T lymphocyte capacity to detect the presence of foreign antigens on specialized cells with high speed and specificity during contacts lasting a few minutes. Much evidence suggests that there is a deep link between the lifetime of molecular interactions between T cell receptors and ligands and T cell activation, but the precise mechanisms of bond formation and dissociation remain incompletely understood. Previous experiments done with interference reflection microscopy/reflection interference contrast microscopy disclosed transverse motions with several nanometer average amplitude of micrometer size membrane zones. More recently, total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy was used to show that the initial interaction between primary T lymphocytes and model surfaces involved the tip of microvilli (typically 0.2 µm2 area) generating apparent contacts of a few seconds that allowed cells to detect ligands of their membrane receptors. Here we show that these microvilli displayed minimal lateral displacements but quantitative fluorescence measurement suggested the occurrence of spontaneous transverse fluctuations of order of 67 nm amplitude during 1-s observation periods. This may play a major role in membrane receptor engagement and ensuing signal generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Brodovitch
- Laboratoire Adhésion et Inflammation, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM U1067, Case 937, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France ; INSERM U 1067, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France ; CNRS U 7333, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Laurent Limozin
- Laboratoire Adhésion et Inflammation, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM U1067, Case 937, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France ; INSERM U 1067, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France ; CNRS U 7333, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Pierre Bongrand
- Laboratoire Adhésion et Inflammation, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM U1067, Case 937, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France ; INSERM U 1067, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France ; CNRS U 7333, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France ; Assistance-Publique, Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Anne Pierres
- Laboratoire Adhésion et Inflammation, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM U1067, Case 937, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France ; INSERM U 1067, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France ; CNRS U 7333, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
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18
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Brodovitch A, Bongrand P, Pierres A. T lymphocytes sense antigens within seconds and make a decision within one minute. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:2064-71. [PMID: 23898039 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive immune responses are triggered by the rapid and sensitive detection of MHC-bound peptides by TCRs. The kinetics of early TCR/APC contacts are incompletely known. In this study, we used total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy to image human T cell membranes near model surfaces: contact was mediated by mobile protrusions of <0.4 μm diameter. The mean lifetime of contacts with a neutral surface was 8.6 s. Adhesive interactions increased mean contact time to 27.6 s. Additional presence of TCR ligands dramatically decreased contact to 13.7 s, thus evidencing TCR-mediated triggering of a pulling motion within seconds after ligand encounter. After an interaction typically involving 30-40 contacts formed during a 1-min observation period, TCR stimulation triggered a rapid and active cell spreading. Pulling events and cell spreading were mimicked by pharmacological phospholipase Cγ1 activation, and they were prevented by phospholipase Cγ1 inhibition. These results provide a quantitative basis for elucidating the earliest cell response to the detection of foreign Ags.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Brodovitch
- Laboratoire Adhésion Cellulaire et Inflammation, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
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Robert P, Touchard D, Bongrand P, Pierres A. Biophysical description of multiple events contributing blood leukocyte arrest on endothelium. Front Immunol 2013; 4:108. [PMID: 23750158 PMCID: PMC3654224 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood leukocytes have a remarkable capacity to bind to and stop on specific blood vessel areas. Many studies have disclosed a key role of integrin structural changes following the interaction of rolling leukocytes with surface-bound chemoattractants. However, the functional significance of structural data and mechanisms of cell arrest are incompletely understood. Recent experiments revealed the unexpected complexity of several key steps of cell-surface interaction: (i) ligand-receptor binding requires a minimum amount of time to proceed and this is influenced by forces. (ii) Also, molecular interactions at interfaces are not fully accounted for by the interaction properties of soluble molecules. (iii) Cell arrest depends on nanoscale topography and mechanical properties of the cell membrane, and these properties are highly dynamic. Here, we summarize these results and we discuss their relevance to recent functional studies of integrin-receptor association in cells from a patient with type III leukocyte adhesion deficiency. It is concluded that an accurate understanding of all physical events listed in this review is needed to unravel the precise role of the multiple molecules and biochemical pathway involved in arrest triggering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Robert
- Laboratoire Adhésion and Inflammation, Aix-Marseille Université Marseille, France ; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Marseille, France ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Marseille, France ; Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital de la Conception Marseille, France
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Talafová K, Hrabárová E, Chorvát D, Nahálka J. Bacterial inclusion bodies as potential synthetic devices for pathogen recognition and a therapeutic substance release. Microb Cell Fact 2013; 12:16. [PMID: 23391325 PMCID: PMC3614425 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-12-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adhesins of pathogens recognise the glycans on the host cell and mediate adherence. They are also crucial for determining the tissue preferences of pathogens. Currently, glyco-nanomaterials provide potential tool for antimicrobial therapy. We demonstrate that properly glyco-tailored inclusion bodies can specifically bind pathogen adhesins and release therapeutic substances. Results In this paper, we describe the preparation of tailored inclusion bodies via the conjugation of indicator protein aggregated to form inclusion bodies with soluble proteins. Whereas the indicator protein represents a remedy, the soluble proteins play a role in pathogen recognition. For conjugation, glutaraldehyde was used as linker. The treatment of conjugates with polar lysine, which was used to inactivate the residual glutaraldehyde, inhibited unwanted hydrophobic interactions between inclusion bodies. The tailored inclusion bodies specifically interacted with the SabA adhesin from Helicobacter pylori aggregated to form inclusion bodies that were bound to the sialic acids decorating the surface of human erythrocytes. We also tested the release of indicator proteins from the inclusion bodies using sortase A and Ssp DNAB intein self-cleaving modules, respectively. Sortase A released proteins in a relatively short period of time, whereas the intein cleavage took several weeks. Conclusions The tailored inclusion bodies are promising “nanopills” for biomedical applications. They are able to specifically target the pathogen, while a self-cleaving module releases a soluble remedy. Various self-cleaving modules can be enabled to achieve the diverse pace of remedy release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Talafová
- Institute of Chemistry, Centre for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava, SK, 84538, Slovak Republic
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