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Lopes SR, Martins C, Santos IC, Teixeira M, Gamito É, Alves AL. Colorectal cancer screening: A review of current knowledge and progress in research. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:1119-1133. [PMID: 38660635 PMCID: PMC11037045 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i4.1119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide, being the third most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Despite the progress in screening, early diagnosis, and treatment, approximately 20%-25% of CRC patients still present with metastatic disease at the time of their initial diagnosis. Furthermore, the burden of disease is still expected to increase, especially in individuals younger than 50 years old, among whom early-onset CRC incidence has been increasing. Screening and early detection are pivotal to improve CRC-related outcomes. It is well established that CRC screening not only reduces incidence, but also decreases deaths from CRC. Diverse screening strategies have proven effective in decreasing both CRC incidence and mortality, though variations in efficacy have been reported across the literature. However, uncertainties persist regarding the optimal screening method, age intervals and periodicity. Moreover, adherence to CRC screening remains globally low. In recent years, emerging technologies, notably artificial intelligence, and non-invasive biomarkers, have been developed to overcome these barriers. However, controversy exists over the actual impact of some of the new discoveries on CRC-related outcomes and how to effectively integrate them into daily practice. In this review, we aim to cover the current evidence surrounding CRC screening. We will further critically assess novel approaches under investigation, in an effort to differentiate promising innovations from mere novelties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ramos Lopes
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar de Setúbal, Setúbal 2910-446, Portugal
| | - Claudio Martins
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar de Setúbal, Setúbal 2910-446, Portugal
| | - Inês Costa Santos
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar de Setúbal, Setúbal 2910-446, Portugal
| | - Madalena Teixeira
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar de Setúbal, Setúbal 2910-446, Portugal
| | - Élia Gamito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar de Setúbal, Setúbal 2910-446, Portugal
| | - Ana Luisa Alves
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar de Setúbal, Setúbal 2910-446, Portugal
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2
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Rezkitha YAA, Panenggak NSR, Lusida MI, Rianda RV, Mahmudah I, Pradana AD, Uchida T, Miftahussurur M. Detecting colorectal cancer using genetic and epigenetic biomarkers: screening and diagnosis. J Med Life 2024; 17:4-14. [PMID: 38737656 PMCID: PMC11080499 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent types of cancer, with high incidence rates and mortality globally. The extended timeframe for developing CRC allows for the potential screening and early identification of the disease. Furthermore, studies have shown that survival rates for patients with cancer are increased when diagnoses are made at earlier stages. Recent research suggests that the development of CRC, including its precancerous lesion, is influenced not only by genetic factors but also by epigenetic variables. Studies suggest epigenetics plays a significant role in cancer development, particularly CRC. While this approach is still in its early stages and faces challenges due to the variability of CRC, it shows promise as a potential method for understanding and addressing the disease. This review examined the current evidence supporting genetic and epigenetic biomarkers for screening and diagnosis. In addition, we also discussed the feasibility of translating these methodologies into clinical settings. Several markers show promising potential, including the methylation of vimentin (VIM), syndecan-2 (SDC2), and septin 9 (SEPT9). However, their application as screening and diagnostic tools, particularly for early-stage CRC, has not been fully optimized, and their effectiveness needs validation in large, multi-center patient populations. Extensive trials and further investigation are required to translate genetic and epigenetic biomarkers into practical clinical use. biomarkers, diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudith Annisa Ayu Rezkitha
- Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Helicobacter pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Nur Syahadati Retno Panenggak
- Helicobacter pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Maria Inge Lusida
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Raissa Virgy Rianda
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Isna Mahmudah
- Helicobacter pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Aditya Doni Pradana
- Department of Emergency Services, Kendal Islamic Hospital, Kendal, Indonesia
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Tomohisa Uchida
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Muhammad Miftahussurur
- Helicobacter pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Division of Gastroentero-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine-Dr Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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3
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Pandey C, Tiwari P. Differential microRNAs Expression during Cancer Development, and Chemoprevention by Natural Compounds: A Comprehensive Review. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 2024; 43:65-80. [PMID: 39016142 DOI: 10.1615/jenvironpatholtoxicoloncol.2024050357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that inhibit gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Abnormal microRNA expression has been associated with different human diseases, including cancer. Epigenetic changes, mutation, transcriptional deregulation, DNA copy number abnormalities, and defects in the biogenesis machinery play an important role in abnormal microRNA expression. Modulation of microRNAs by natural agents has emerged to enhance the efficacy of conventional chemotherapy through combinatorial therapeutic approach. This review summarizes the current understanding of abnormal microRNA expression in cancer, the different cellular mechanisms of microRNA, and their prevention by natural compounds. Understanding microRNA expression patterns during cancer development may help to identify stage-specific molecular markers. Natural compounds that exert regulatory effects by modulating microRNAs can be used in better cancer chemopreventive strategies by directly targeting microRNAs or as a way to increase sensitivity to existing chemotherapy regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhaya Pandey
- School of Environmental Biology, Awadhesh Pratap Singh University, Rewa-486001, Madhya Pradesh, India
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4
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Ranković B, Hauptman N. Circulating microRNA Panels for Detection of Liver Cancers and Liver-Metastasizing Primary Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15451. [PMID: 37895131 PMCID: PMC10607808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant liver tumors, including primary malignant liver tumors and liver metastases, are among the most frequent malignancies worldwide. The disease carries a poor prognosis and poor overall survival, particularly in cases involving liver metastases. Consequently, the early detection and precise differentiation of malignant liver tumors are of paramount importance for making informed decisions regarding patient treatment. Significant research efforts are currently directed towards the development of diagnostic tools for different types of cancer using minimally invasive techniques. A prominent area of focus within this research is the evaluation of circulating microRNA, for which dysregulated expression is well documented in different cancers. Combining microRNAs in panels using serum or plasma samples derived from blood holds great promise for better sensitivity and specificity for detection of certain types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nina Hauptman
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
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Santos DAR, Gaiteiro C, Santos M, Santos L, Dinis-Ribeiro M, Lima L. MicroRNA Biomarkers as Promising Tools for Early Colorectal Cancer Screening-A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11023. [PMID: 37446201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the third most prevalent cancer worldwide. Early detection of this neoplasia has proven to improve prognosis, resulting in a 90% increase in survival. However, available CRC screening methods have limitations, requiring the development of new tools. MicroRNA biomarkers have emerged as a powerful screening tool, as they are highly expressed in CRC patients and easily detectable in several biological samples. While microRNAs are extensively studied in blood samples, recent interest has now arisen in other samples, such as stool samples, where they can be combined with existing screening methods. Among the microRNAs described in the literature, microRNA-21-5p and microRNA-92a-3p and their cluster have demonstrated high potential for early CRC screening. Furthermore, the combination of multiple microRNAs has shown improved performance in CRC detection compared to individual microRNAs. This review aims to assess the available data in the literature on microRNAs as promising biomarkers for early CRC screening, explore their advantages and disadvantages, and discuss the optimal study characteristics for analyzing these biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela A R Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristiana Gaiteiro
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marlene Santos
- School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente (CISA), Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Molecular Oncology & Viral Pathology, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPO), Portuguese Institute of Oncology, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lúcio Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mário Dinis-Ribeiro
- Precancerous Lesions and Early Cancer Management Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), Rise@CI-IPOP (Health Research Group), Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Lima
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
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Goyal R, Wassie MM, Winter JM, Lathlean TJ, Young GP, Symonds EL. Progress in the field of noninvasive diagnostics for colorectal cancer: a systematic review for the accuracy of blood-based biomarkers for detection of advanced pre-cancerous lesions. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2023; 23:1233-1250. [PMID: 38044883 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2023.2290646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early detection of pre-cancerous adenomas through screening can reduce colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence. Fecal immunochemical tests are commonly used, but have limited sensitivity for pre-cancerous lesions. Blood-based screening may improve test sensitivity. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of blood-based biomarkers for detection of advanced pre-cancerous lesions. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We present the accuracy of blood-based biomarkers for the detection of advanced pre-cancerous lesions. EMBASE, Web of Science and PubMed databases were searched, with study populations limited to adults diagnosed with advanced pre-cancerous lesions at colonoscopy, who had a blood-based biomarker test analyzed with reports of sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS 69 studies were identified, which assessed 133 unique biomarkers sets. The best performing test was a panel of 6 miRNAs, with a sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 90% for advanced pre-cancerous lesions. Only 6 biomarkers demonstrated sensitivity ≥ 50% and specificity ≥ 90% for the detection of advanced pre-cancerous lesions. CONCLUSION Many different blood-based biomarkers have been assessed for detection of advanced pre-cancerous lesions, but few have progressed beyond the discovery stage. While some biomarkers have reported high sensitivity and specificity, larger prospective studies in unbiased intended-use screening populations are required for validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishabh Goyal
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Molla M Wassie
- Cancer Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Jean M Winter
- Cancer Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Timothy Jh Lathlean
- Cancer Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
- ROSA Research Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institue, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Graeme P Young
- Cancer Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Erin L Symonds
- Cancer Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
- Gastroenterology Department, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Australia
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Pös O, Styk J, Buglyó G, Zeman M, Lukyova L, Bernatova K, Hrckova Turnova E, Rendek T, Csók Á, Repiska V, Nagy B, Szemes T. Cross-Kingdom Interaction of miRNAs and Gut Microbiota with Non-Invasive Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10520. [PMID: 37445698 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has one of the highest incidences among all types of malignant diseases, affecting millions of people worldwide. It shows slow progression, making it preventable. However, this is not the case due to shortcomings in its diagnostic and management procedure and a lack of effective non-invasive biomarkers for screening. Here, we discuss CRC-associated microRNAs (miRNAs) and gut microbial species with potential as CRC diagnostic and therapy biomarkers. We provide rich evidence of cross-kingdom miRNA-mediated interactions between the host and gut microbiome. miRNAs have emerged with the ability to shape the composition and dynamics of gut microbiota. Intestinal microbes can uptake miRNAs, which in turn influence microbial growth and provide the ability to regulate the abundance of various microbial species. In the context of CRC, targeting miRNAs could aid in manipulating the balance of the microbiota. Our findings suggest the need for correlation analysis between the composition of the gut microbiome and the miRNA expression profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Pös
- Comenius University Science Park, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Geneton Ltd., 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jakub Styk
- Comenius University Science Park, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Geneton Ltd., 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Gergely Buglyó
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Michal Zeman
- Comenius University Science Park, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lydia Lukyova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 842 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Kamila Bernatova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 842 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Evelina Hrckova Turnova
- Comenius University Science Park, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Slovgen Ltd., 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tomas Rendek
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ádám Csók
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Vanda Repiska
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Medirex Group Academy, n.p.o., 949 05 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Bálint Nagy
- Comenius University Science Park, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tomas Szemes
- Comenius University Science Park, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Geneton Ltd., 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 842 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Chan FKL, Wong MCS, Chan AT, East JE, Chiu HM, Makharia GK, Weller D, Ooi CJ, Limsrivilai J, Saito Y, Hang DV, Emery JD, Makmun D, Wu K, Ali RAR, Ng SC. Joint Asian Pacific Association of Gastroenterology (APAGE)-Asian Pacific Society of Digestive Endoscopy (APSDE) clinical practice guidelines on the use of non-invasive biomarkers for diagnosis of colorectal neoplasia. Gut 2023:gutjnl-2023-329429. [PMID: 37019620 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-329429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) is effective in reducing CRC related mortality. Current screening methods include endoscopy based and biomarker based approaches. This guideline is a joint official statement of the Asian Pacific Association of Gastroenterology (APAGE) and the Asian Pacific Society of Digestive Endoscopy (APSDE), developed in response to the increasing use of, and accumulating supportive evidence for the role of, non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of CRC and its precursor lesions. A systematic review of 678 publications and a two stage Delphi consensus process involving 16 clinicians in various disciplines was undertaken to develop 32 evidence based and expert opinion based recommendations for the use of faecal immunochemical tests, faecal based tumour biomarkers or microbial biomarkers, and blood based tumour biomarkers for the detection of CRC and adenoma. Comprehensive up-to-date guidance is provided on indications, patient selection and strengths and limitations of each screening tool. Future research to inform clinical applications are discussed alongside objective measurement of research priorities. This joint APAGE-APSDE practice guideline is intended to provide an up-to-date guide to assist clinicians worldwide in utilising non-invasive biomarkers for CRC screening; it has particular salience for clinicians in the Asia-Pacific region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis K L Chan
- Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Martin C S Wong
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James E East
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Healthcare, London, UK
| | - Han-Mo Chiu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Govind K Makharia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - David Weller
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Julajak Limsrivilai
- Internal Medicine, Mahidol University Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yutaka Saito
- Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dao V Hang
- Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Jon D Emery
- Department of General Practice, The University of Melbourne Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Kaichun Wu
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Xian, China
| | | | - Siew C Ng
- Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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Jafari A, Karimabadi K, Rahimi A, Rostaminasab G, Khazaei M, Rezakhani L, Ahmadi jouybari T. The Emerging Role of Exosomal miRNAs as Biomarkers for Early Cancer Detection: A Comprehensive Literature Review. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338231205999. [PMID: 37817634 PMCID: PMC10566290 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231205999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A significant number of cancer-related deaths are recorded globally each year, despite attempts to cure this illness. Medical science is working to develop new medication therapies as well as to find ways to identify this illness as early as possible, even using noninvasive techniques. Early detection of cancer can greatly aid its treatment. Studies into cancer diagnosis and therapy have recently shifted their focus to exosome (EXO) biomarkers, which comprise numerous RNA and proteins. EXOs are minuscule goblet vesicles that have a width of 30 to 140 nm and are released by a variety of cells, including immune, stem, and tumor cells, as well as bodily fluids. According to a growing body of research, EXOs, and cancer appear to be related. EXOs from tumors play a role in the genetic information transfer between tumor and basal cells, which controls angiogenesis and fosters tumor development and spread. To identify malignant activities early on, microRNAs (miRNAs) from cancers can be extracted from circulatory system EXOs. Specific markers can be used to identify cancer-derived EXOs containing miRNAs, which may be more reliable and precise for early detection. Conventional solid biopsy has become increasingly limited as precision and personalized medicine has advanced, while liquid biopsy offers a viable platform for noninvasive diagnosis and prognosis. Therefore, the use of body fluids such as serum, plasma, urine, and salivary secretions can help find cancer biomarkers using technologies related to EXOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Jafari
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Keyvan Karimabadi
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Aso Rahimi
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Gelavizh Rostaminasab
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Khomeini and Mohammad Kermanshahi and Farabi Hospitals, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mozafar Khazaei
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Leila Rezakhani
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Touraj Ahmadi jouybari
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Khomeini and Mohammad Kermanshahi and Farabi Hospitals, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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10
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Sur D, Advani S, Braithwaite D. MicroRNA panels as diagnostic biomarkers for colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:915226. [PMID: 36419785 PMCID: PMC9676370 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.915226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circulating microRNAs (miRNA) have emerged as promising diagnostic biomarkers for several diseases, including cancer. However, the diagnostic accuracy of miRNA panels in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains inconsistent and there is still lack of meta-analyses to determine whether miRNA panels can serve as robust biomarkers for CRC diagnosis. Methods This study performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the clinical utility of miRNA panels as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of CRC. The investigation systematically searched PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar (21-year span, between 2000 and 2021) to retrieve articles reporting the diagnostic role of miRNA panels in detecting CRC. Diagnostic meta-analysis of miRNA panels used diverse evaluation indicators, including sensitivity, specificity, Positive Likelihood Ratio (PLR), Negative Likelihood Ratio (NLR), Diagnostic Odds Ratio (DOR), and the area under the curve (AUC) values. Results Among the 313 articles identified, 20 studies met the inclusion criteria. The pooled estimates of miRNA panels for the diagnosis of CRC were 0.85 (95% CI: 0.84-0.86), 0.79 (95% CI: 0.78-0.80), 4.06 (95% CI: 3.89-4.23), 0.20 (95% CI: 0.19-0.20), 22.50 (95% CI: 20.81-24.32) for sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, and DOR, respectively. Moreover, the summary receiver operating characteristics (SROC) curve revealed an AUC value of 0.915 (95% CI: 0.914-0.916), suggesting an outstanding diagnostic accuracy for overall miRNA panels. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses demonstrated that miRNA panels have the highest diagnostic accuracy within serum samples, rather than in other sample-types - with a sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, DOR, and AUC of 0.87, 0.86, 7.33, 0.13, 55.29, and 0.943, respectively. Sensitivity analysis revealed that DOR values did not differ markedly, which indicates that the meta-analysis had strong reliability. Furthermore, this study demonstrated no proof of publication bias for DOR values analyzed using Egger's regression test (P > 0.05) and funnel plot. Interestingly, miR-15b, miR-21 and miR-31 presented the best diagnostic accuracy values for CRC with sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, DOR, and AUC values of 0.95, 0.94, 17.19, 0.05, 324.81, and 0.948, respectively. Conclusion This study's findings indicated that miRNA panels, particularly serum-derived miRNA panels, can serve as powerful and promising biomarkers for early CRC screening. Systematic review registration [www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero], identifier [CRD42021268172].
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sur
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuţă” Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania,11th Department of Medical Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Haţieganu”, Cluj-Napoca, Romania,*Correspondence: Daniel Sur,
| | - Shailesh Advani
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States,Terasaki Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Dejana Braithwaite
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida College of Public Health and Health Professions, Gainesville, FL, United States,University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, United States,Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
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11
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Investigating the Role of Circulating miRNAs as Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer: An Epidemiological Systematic Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092224. [PMID: 36140324 PMCID: PMC9496335 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Primary and secondary preventions are key to reducing the global burden. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small non-coding RNA molecules, which seem to have a role either as tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes and to be related to cancer risk factors, such as obesity and inflammation. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify circulating miRNAs related to CRC diagnosis that could be selected as biomarkers in a meet-in-the-middle analysis. Forty-four studies were included in the systematic review and nine studies in the meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of miR-21 for CRC diagnosis were 77% (95% CI: 69–84) and 82% (95% CI: 70–90), respectively, with an AUC of 0.86 (95% CI: 0.82–0.88). Several miRNAs were found to be dysregulated, distinguishing patients with CRC from healthy controls. However, little consistency was present across the included studies, making it challenging to identify specific miRNAs, which were consistently validated. Understanding the mechanisms by which miRNAs become biologically embedded in cancer initiation and promotion may help better understand cancer pathways to develop more effective prevention strategies and therapy approaches.
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12
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MiR-601 inhibited small cell lung cancer progression by modulating SIRT1. Mol Cell Toxicol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-022-00268-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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13
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Bakhsh T, Alhazmi S, Alburae NA, Farsi A, Alzahrani F, Choudhry H, Bahieldin A. Exosomal miRNAs as a Promising Source of Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094855. [PMID: 35563246 PMCID: PMC9103063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer worldwide amongst males and females. CRC treatment is multidisciplinary, often including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Early diagnosis of CRC can lead to treatment initiation at an earlier stage. Blood biomarkers are currently used to detect CRC, but because of their low sensitivity and specificity, they are considered inadequate diagnostic tools and are used mainly for following up patients for recurrence. It is necessary to detect novel, noninvasive, specific, and sensitive biomarkers for the screening and diagnosis of CRC at earlier stages. The tumor microenvironment (TME) has an essential role in tumorigenesis; for example, extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as exosomes can play a crucial role in communication between cancer cells and different components of TME, thereby inducing tumor progression. The importance of miRNAs that are sorted into exosomes has recently attracted scientists’ attention. Some unique sequences of miRNAs are favorably packaged into exosomes, and it has been illustrated that particular miRNAs can be directed into exosomes by special mechanisms that occur inside the cells. This review illustrates and discusses the sorted and transported exosomal miRNAs in the CRC microenvironment and their impact on CRC progression as well as their potential use as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahani Bakhsh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Jeddah University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Safiah Alhazmi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (N.A.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Najla Ali Alburae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (N.A.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Ali Farsi
- Department of Surgry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Faisal Alzahrani
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, Embryonic Stem Cells Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Centre of Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hani Choudhry
- Centre of Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Bahieldin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (N.A.A.); (A.B.)
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14
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Luo P, Fang J, Chen H, He F, Xiao S, Liu H, Zhu S, Luo J, Jiang C. c-Myb-mediated inhibition of miR-601 in facilitating malignance of osteosarcoma via augmentation of PKMYT1. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6692. [PMID: 35461324 PMCID: PMC9035158 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10684-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The crosstalk between osteosarcoma (OS) development and abnormally expressed microRNA (miR)-601 is not explored explicitly. Here, we identified the downregulated miR-601 in osteosarcoma (OS) through a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of GEO Datasets. The results indicated that miR-601 was downregulated in both OS cells and tissues. The OS patients with reduced expression of miR-601 displayed worse prognosis. The results of in vitro and in vivo assay revealed that elevated miR-601 inhibited the proliferative, migratory and invasive capacities in OS cells. Mechanically, miR-601 exerted its function via targeting oncogene protein kinase membrane associated tyrosine/threonine 1 (PKMYT1) at post-transcriptional level. Moreover, miR-601 was attenuated by c-Myb at transcriptional level. Taken together, our studies reveal that miR-601 is a suppressive gene negatively correlated with malignancy of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Jiarui Fang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Houqing Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Feng He
- Department of Orthopedics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Siying Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - He Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Shizhuang Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Jianzhou Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Changqing Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
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15
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Zhou H, Zhu L, Song J, Wang G, Li P, Li W, Luo P, Sun X, Wu J, Liu Y, Zhu S, Zhang Y. Liquid biopsy at the frontier of detection, prognosis and progression monitoring in colorectal cancer. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:86. [PMID: 35337361 PMCID: PMC8951719 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01556-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and a leading cause of carcinogenic death. To date, surgical resection is regarded as the gold standard by the operator for clinical decisions. Because conventional tissue biopsy is invasive and only a small sample can sometimes be obtained, it is unable to represent the heterogeneity of tumor or dynamically monitor tumor progression. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find a new minimally invasive or noninvasive diagnostic strategy to detect CRC at an early stage and monitor CRC recurrence. Over the past years, a new diagnostic concept called “liquid biopsy” has gained much attention. Liquid biopsy is noninvasive, allowing repeated analysis and real-time monitoring of tumor recurrence, metastasis or therapeutic responses. With the advanced development of new molecular techniques in CRC, circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), exosomes, and tumor-educated platelet (TEP) detection have achieved interesting and inspiring results as the most prominent liquid biopsy markers. In this review, we focused on some clinical applications of CTCs, ctDNA, exosomes and TEPs and discuss promising future applications to solve unmet clinical needs in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.,Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Liyong Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Jun Song
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Guohui Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Pengzhou Li
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Weizheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Ping Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Xulong Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Jin Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Yunze Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Shaihong Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China.
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16
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Tang M, Bai L, Wan Z, Wan S, Xiang Y, Qian Y, Cui L, You J, Hu X, Qu F, Zhu Y. circRNA-DURSA regulates trophoblast apoptosis via miR-760-HIST1H2BE axis in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:1433-1445. [PMID: 34938599 PMCID: PMC8655312 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA) is one of the most intractable clinical challenges in reproduction. As a specific type of endogenous non-coding RNA, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have great pre-clinical diagnostic and therapeutic values in diseases. Recently, thousands of circRNAs were detected in human pre-implantation embryos, indicating that circRNAs potentially have important regulatory functions. However, the roles of circRNAs in URSA remain largely unknown. In this study, we elucidated deregulated circRNA expression and distinct competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks by comparing URSA placental villus with that of patients with normal pregnancy using microarrays. We characterized a distinct circRNA, circRNA-0050703, which is downregulated in URSA placental villus (thus we named it circRNA-DURSA). Silencing of circRNA-DURSA results in trophoblast cell apoptosis in vitro. Furthermore, mechanistic dissection revealed that circRNA-DURSA exerts its effects by competitively binding to miR-760, which post-transcriptionally targets HIST1H2BE. Additionally, after circRNA-DURSA silencing in vivo, the numbers of implanted embryos decreased significantly. These results reveal the regulatory roles of circRNA-DURSA in trophoblasts and identified a distinct circRNA-DURSA/miR-760/HIST1H2BE axis as potentially important diagnostic and therapeutic targets for URSA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyue Tang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Long Bai
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Zhe Wan
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Shan Wan
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yu Xiang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yeqing Qian
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Long Cui
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Jiali You
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xiaoling Hu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Fan Qu
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yimin Zhu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
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17
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Song W, Wenhui Z, Ruiqiang Y, Hu X, Shi T, Wang M, Zhang H. Long noncoding RNA PP7080 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma development by sponging mir-601 and targeting SIRT1. Bioengineered 2021; 12:1599-1610. [PMID: 33955831 PMCID: PMC8806262 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1920323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy in adults, ranking the second leading cause of cancer-related death. To date, the underlying mechanisms of HCC pathogenesis are still unclear. Recently, more and more studies have reported that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the occurrence and development of HCC. This study aims to investigate the expressions, clinical significance and roles of lncRNA PP7080 in HCC. We analyzed the transcriptome data of HCC cancer tissue (n = 369) and normal tissue (n = 50) in the TCGA database. We used the qRT-PCR method to detect the expression levels of lncRNA PP7080 in 40 pairs of HCC and adjacent tissues. The survival curve was drawn by KM-plotter. The changes of migration, invasion and proliferation of HCC cells were detected by transwall, CCK8 and colony forming assays, respectively. For the interaction between genes, we performed the luciferase activity assay to analyze. The expression of lncRNA PP7080 and miR-601 in cancer tissues of 40 cancer patients was analyzed by Pearson correlation. LncRNA PP7080 was highly expressed in HCC and predicted a poor prognosis. Luciferase activity assay identified lncRNA PP7080 as a molecular sponge for miR-601 in HCC cells. LncRNA PP7080 promoted HCC cells proliferation, migration and invasion by miR-601/SIRT1 signal axis. These results revealed lncRNA PP7080 effect in regulating miR-601/SIRT1 signal axis in the progression of HCC, indicating the important role of miR-601 in HCC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifang Song
- Department of Pathophysiology, Fenyang College of Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang, China
| | - Zhang Wenhui
- Department of Pathophysiology, Fenyang College of Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang, China
| | - Yao Ruiqiang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Fenyang College of Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang, China
| | - Xinli Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Fenyang College of Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang, China
| | - Ting Shi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Fenyang College of Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang, China
| | - Meijiao Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Fenyang College of Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang, China
| | - Haijuan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Fenyang College of Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang, China
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18
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Fonseca A, Ramalhete SV, Mestre A, Pires das Neves R, Marreiros A, Castelo-Branco P, Roberto VP. Identification of colorectal cancer associated biomarkers: an integrated analysis of miRNA expression. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:21991-22029. [PMID: 34547721 PMCID: PMC8507258 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. This complex disease still holds severe problems concerning diagnosis due to the high invasiveness nature of colonoscopy and the low accuracy of the alternative diagnostic methods. Additionally, patient heterogeneity even within the same stage is not properly reflected in the current stratification system. This scenario highlights the need for new biomarkers to improve non-invasive screenings and clinical management of patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as good candidate biomarkers in cancer as they are stable molecules, easily measurable and detected in body fluids thus allowing for non-invasive diagnosis and/or prognosis. In this study, we performed an integrated analysis first using 4 different datasets (discovery cohorts) to identify miRNAs associated with colorectal cancer development, unveil their role in this disease by identifying putative targets and regulatory networks and investigate their ability to serve as biomarkers. We have identified 26 differentially expressed miRNAs which interact with frequently deregulated genes known to participate in commonly altered pathways in colorectal cancer. Most of these miRNAs have high diagnostic power, and their prognostic potential is evidenced by panels of 5 miRNAs able to predict the outcome of stage II and III colorectal cancer patients. Notably, 8 miRNAs were validated in three additional independent cohorts (validation cohorts) including a plasma cohort thus reinforcing the value of miRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Fonseca
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Sara Ventura Ramalhete
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal.,Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - André Mestre
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal.,Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Pires das Neves
- CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-517, Portugal.,IIIUC-Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3030-789, Portugal
| | - Ana Marreiros
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal.,Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Pedro Castelo-Branco
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal.,Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Faro 8005-139, Portugal.,Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Center for the Unknown, Lisbon 1400-038, Portugal
| | - Vânia Palma Roberto
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal.,Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Faro 8005-139, Portugal.,Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
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19
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Circulating non-coding RNAs as new biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets in colorectal cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 23:2220-2236. [PMID: 34275108 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02639-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors, and a large number of patients are diagnosed and die every year. Due to the lack of appropriate diagnosis, prediction and treatment, early diagnosis rate of CRC is low and the prognosis is poor. Studies have found that abnormally expressed non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) (including microRNAs (miRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs),etc.) play an important regulatory role in the occurrence and development of CRC. Some studies have shown that they are stable in the blood and can be detected repeatedly. They are expected to be non-invasive biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis evaluation, and prediction of drug sensitivity of CRC, as well as potential applications in the treatment of CRC.
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20
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Wu Y, Wang CZ, Wan JY, Yao H, Yuan CS. Dissecting the Interplay Mechanism between Epigenetics and Gut Microbiota: Health Maintenance and Disease Prevention. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6933. [PMID: 34203243 PMCID: PMC8267743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota exists throughout the full life cycle of the human body, and it has been proven to have extensive impacts on health and disease. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the interplay between gut microbiota and host epigenetics plays a multifaceted role in health maintenance and disease prevention. Intestinal microflora, along with their metabolites, could regulate multiple epigenetic pathways; e.g., DNA methylation, miRNA, or histone modification. Moreover, epigenetic factors can serve as mediators to coordinate gut microbiota within the host. Aiming to dissect this interplay mechanism, the present review summarizes the research profile of gut microbiota and epigenetics in detail, and further interprets the biofunctions of this interplay, especially the regulation of intestinal inflammation, the improvement of metabolic disturbances, and the inhibition of colitis events. This review provides new insights into the interplay of epigenetics and gut microbiota, and attempts to reveal the mysteries of health maintenance and disease prevention from this new perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China;
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chong-Zhi Wang
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (C.-Z.W.); (C.-S.Y.)
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jin-Yi Wan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China;
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Haiqiang Yao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China;
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chun-Su Yuan
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (C.-Z.W.); (C.-S.Y.)
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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21
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Palanca-Ballester C, Rodriguez-Casanova A, Torres S, Calabuig-Fariñas S, Exposito F, Serrano D, Redin E, Valencia K, Jantus-Lewintre E, Diaz-Lagares A, Montuenga L, Sandoval J, Calvo A. Cancer Epigenetic Biomarkers in Liquid Biopsy for High Incidence Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13123016. [PMID: 34208598 PMCID: PMC8233712 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Early alterations in cancer include the deregulation of epigenetic events such as changes in DNA methylation and abnormal levels of non-coding (nc)RNAs. Although these changes can be identified in tumors, alternative sources of samples may offer advantages over tissue biopsies. Because tumors shed DNA, RNA, and proteins, biological fluids containing these molecules can accurately reflect alterations found in cancer cells, not only coming from the primary tumor, but also from metastasis and from the tumor microenvironment (TME). Depending on the type of cancer, biological fluids encompass blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and saliva, among others. Such samples are named with the general term "liquid biopsy" (LB). With the advent of ultrasensitive technologies during the last decade, the identification of actionable genetic alterations (i.e., mutations) in LB is a common practice to decide whether or not targeted therapy should be applied. Likewise, the analysis of global or specific epigenetic alterations may also be important as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and even for cancer drug response. Several commercial kits that assess the DNA promoter methylation of single genes or gene sets are available, with some of them being tested as biomarkers for diagnosis in clinical trials. From the tumors with highest incidence, we can stress the relevance of DNA methylation changes in the following genes found in LB: SHOX2 (for lung cancer); RASSF1A, RARB2, and GSTP1 (for lung, breast, genitourinary and colon cancers); and SEPT9 (for colon cancer). Moreover, multi-cancer high-throughput methylation-based tests are now commercially available. Increased levels of the microRNA miR21 and several miRNA- and long ncRNA-signatures can also be indicative biomarkers in LB. Therefore, epigenetic biomarkers are attractive and may have a clinical value in cancer. Nonetheless, validation, standardization, and demonstration of an added value over the common clinical practice are issues needed to be addressed in the transfer of this knowledge from "bench to bedside".
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Affiliation(s)
- Cora Palanca-Ballester
- Biomarkers and Precision Medicine (UBMP) and Epigenomics Unit, IIS, La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Aitor Rodriguez-Casanova
- Cancer Epigenomics, Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.R.-C.); (A.D.-L.)
- Roche-CHUS Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Susana Torres
- CIBERONC, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.T.); (S.C.-F.); (F.E.); (E.R.); (K.V.); (E.J.-L.); (L.M.)
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
- TRIAL Mixed Unit, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe-Fundación para la Investigación del Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| | - Silvia Calabuig-Fariñas
- CIBERONC, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.T.); (S.C.-F.); (F.E.); (E.R.); (K.V.); (E.J.-L.); (L.M.)
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
- TRIAL Mixed Unit, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe-Fundación para la Investigación del Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Exposito
- CIBERONC, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.T.); (S.C.-F.); (F.E.); (E.R.); (K.V.); (E.J.-L.); (L.M.)
- DISNA and Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Diego Serrano
- DISNA and Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Esther Redin
- CIBERONC, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.T.); (S.C.-F.); (F.E.); (E.R.); (K.V.); (E.J.-L.); (L.M.)
- DISNA and Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Karmele Valencia
- CIBERONC, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.T.); (S.C.-F.); (F.E.); (E.R.); (K.V.); (E.J.-L.); (L.M.)
- DISNA and Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Eloisa Jantus-Lewintre
- CIBERONC, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.T.); (S.C.-F.); (F.E.); (E.R.); (K.V.); (E.J.-L.); (L.M.)
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
- TRIAL Mixed Unit, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe-Fundación para la Investigación del Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Angel Diaz-Lagares
- Cancer Epigenomics, Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.R.-C.); (A.D.-L.)
- CIBERONC, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.T.); (S.C.-F.); (F.E.); (E.R.); (K.V.); (E.J.-L.); (L.M.)
| | - Luis Montuenga
- CIBERONC, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.T.); (S.C.-F.); (F.E.); (E.R.); (K.V.); (E.J.-L.); (L.M.)
- DISNA and Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan Sandoval
- Biomarkers and Precision Medicine (UBMP) and Epigenomics Unit, IIS, La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Alfonso Calvo
- CIBERONC, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.T.); (S.C.-F.); (F.E.); (E.R.); (K.V.); (E.J.-L.); (L.M.)
- DISNA and Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (A.C.)
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Li M, Feng J, Gao C, Sun W, Chen Y. Expression and clinical significance of miR-338 and miR-20a in serum of patients with gastric carcinoma. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:6620-6628. [PMID: 34306405 PMCID: PMC8290677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research intended to explore the content and the role of miR-338 and miR-20a in the serum of patients with gastric carcinoma (GC). METHODS Sixty-seven patients with GC, diagnosed and treated for the first time in our hospital from February 2014 to October 2016 were selected as the observation group (OG), and 45 healthy people were selected as the control group (CG). miR-338 and miR-20a of the CG and the OG were tested using qRT-PCR, and the correlation between the two indexes was analyzed by Pearson test. The diagnostic value of miR-338 and miR-20a in GC was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). The correlation of miR-338 and miR-20a with clinical data was compared, and the correlation of the two with the survival of patients was observed. The independent prognostic factors in patients with GC were analyzed by Cox regression. RESULTS miR-338 expression was low in GC patients' serum, while miR-20a was high in GC patients. The expression of the two indexes was negatively correlated (r=-0.609, P<0.001). The areas under the curve of miR-338 and miR-20a were 0.849 and 0.865 respectively. Low expression of miR-338 and high expression of miR-20a were correlated to large tumors, low differentiation degree, high possibility of lymph node metastasis, and late TNM stage of GC patients. Multivariate Cox results revealed that tumor size, lymph node metastasis, differentiation degree, TNM stage, miR-338 and miR-20a were independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSION miR-338 and miR-20a are expected to be serological indicators for GC diagnosis and prognosis.
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23
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Ferrari A, Neefs I, Hoeck S, Peeters M, Van Hal G. Towards Novel Non-Invasive Colorectal Cancer Screening Methods: A Comprehensive Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1820. [PMID: 33920293 PMCID: PMC8070308 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading cancer-related causes of death in the world. Since the 70s, many countries have adopted different CRC screening programs, which has resulted in a decrease in mortality. However, current screening test options still present downsides. The commercialized stool-based tests present high false-positive rates and low sensitivity, which negatively affects the detection of early stage carcinogenesis. The gold standard colonoscopy has low uptake due to its invasiveness and the perception of discomfort and embarrassment that the procedure may bring. In this review, we collected and described the latest data about alternative CRC screening techniques that can overcome these disadvantages. Web of Science and PubMed were employed as search engines for studies reporting on CRC screening tests and future perspectives. The searches generated 555 articles, of which 93 titles were selected. Finally, a total of 50 studies, describing 14 different CRC alternative tests, were included. Among the investigated techniques, the main feature that could have an impact on CRC screening perception and uptake was the ease of sample collection. Urine, exhaled breath, and blood-based tests promise to achieve good diagnostic performance (sensitivity of 63-100%, 90-95%, and 47-97%, respectively) while minimizing stress and discomfort for the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allegra Ferrari
- Social Epidemiology and Health Policy, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium; (S.H.); (G.V.H.)
| | - Isabelle Neefs
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium; (I.N.); (M.P.)
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Sarah Hoeck
- Social Epidemiology and Health Policy, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium; (S.H.); (G.V.H.)
- Center for Cancer Detection, 8000 Bruges, Belgium
| | - Marc Peeters
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium; (I.N.); (M.P.)
- Department of Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Guido Van Hal
- Social Epidemiology and Health Policy, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium; (S.H.); (G.V.H.)
- Center for Cancer Detection, 8000 Bruges, Belgium
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24
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Liu F, Long Q, He H, Dong S, Zhao L, Zou C, Wu W. Combining the Fecal Immunochemical Test with a Logistic Regression Model for Screening Colorectal Neoplasia. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:635481. [PMID: 33897424 PMCID: PMC8058550 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.635481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The fecal immunochemical test (FIT) is a widely used strategy for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening with moderate sensitivity. To further increase the sensitivity of FIT in identifying colorectal neoplasia, in this study, we established a classifier model by combining FIT result and other demographic and clinical features. Methods: A total of 4,477 participants were examined with FIT and those who tested positive (over 100 ng/ml) were followed up by a colonoscopy examination. Demographic and clinical information of participants including four domains (basic information, clinical history, diet habits and life styles) that consist of 15 features were retrieved from questionnaire surveys. A mean decrease accuracy (MDA) score was used to select features that are mostly related to CRC. Five different algorithms including logistic regression (LR), classification and regression tree (CART), support vector machine (SVM), artificial neural network (ANN) and random forest (RF) were used to generate a classifier model, through a 10X cross validation process. Area under curve (AUC) and normalized mean squared error (NMSE) were used in the evaluation of the performance of the model. Results: The top six features that are mostly related to CRC include age, gender, history of intestinal adenoma or polyposis, smoking history, gastrointestinal discomfort symptom and fruit eating habit were selected. LR algorithm was used in the generation of the model. An AUC score of 0.92 and an NMSE score of 0.076 were obtained by the final classifier model in separating normal individuals from participants with colorectal neoplasia. Conclusion: Our results provide a new “Funnel” strategy in colorectal neoplasia screening via adding a classifier model filtering step between FIT and colonoscopy examination. This strategy minimizes the need of colonoscopy examination while increases the sensitivity of FIT-based CRC screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyuan Liu
- Department of Scientific Research, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiaoyun Long
- Department of Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Public Service Platform on Tumor Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui He
- Department of Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaowei Dong
- Department of Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Public Service Platform on Tumor Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chang Zou
- Department of Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Public Service Platform on Tumor Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weiqing Wu
- Department of Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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25
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Yamada NO, Senda T. Circulating microRNA-92a-3p in colorectal cancer: a review. Med Mol Morphol 2021; 54:193-202. [PMID: 33620640 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-021-00282-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have found that microRNAs (miRNAs) are present in body fluids, including blood, cerebrospinal fluid, tears, saliva, breast milk, and urine in a stable form, and are called circulating miRNAs. Although their biological roles remain to be determined, circulating miRNAs are considered as mediators of intercellular communication like hormones and cytokines. Because circulating miRNAs can be collected in a non-invasive manner called as "liquid biopsy", they have also been studied as potential biomarkers for early detection, evaluation of therapeutic effects, and prediction of prognosis in various diseases, including cancers. In this review, we focus on the studies on circulating microRNA-92a-3p (miR-92a-3p) in colorectal cancer (CRC), considering their existence form, isolation methods, potential as biomarkers, and roles in CRC development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nami O Yamada
- Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Takao Senda
- Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
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26
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Rodriguez-Casanova A, Costa-Fraga N, Bao-Caamano A, López-López R, Muinelo-Romay L, Diaz-Lagares A. Epigenetic Landscape of Liquid Biopsy in Colorectal Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:622459. [PMID: 33614651 PMCID: PMC7892964 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.622459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies and is a major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Thus, there is a clinical need to improve early detection of CRC and personalize therapy for patients with this disease. In the era of precision oncology, liquid biopsy has emerged as a major approach to characterize the circulating tumor elements present in body fluids, including cell-free DNA and RNA, circulating tumor cells, and extracellular vesicles. This non-invasive tool has allowed the identification of relevant molecular alterations in CRC patients, including some indicating the disruption of epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetic alterations found in solid and liquid biopsies have shown great utility as biomarkers for early detection, prognosis, monitoring, and evaluation of therapeutic response in CRC patients. Here, we summarize current knowledge of the most relevant epigenetic mechanisms associated with cancer development and progression, and the implications of their deregulation in cancer cells and liquid biopsy of CRC patients. In particular, we describe the methodologies used to analyze these epigenetic alterations in circulating tumor material, and we focus on the clinical utility of epigenetic marks in liquid biopsy as tumor biomarkers for CRC patients. We also discuss the great challenges and emerging opportunities of this field for the diagnosis and personalized management of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Rodriguez-Casanova
- Cancer Epigenomics Laboratory, Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Nicolás Costa-Fraga
- Cancer Epigenomics Laboratory, Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Aida Bao-Caamano
- Cancer Epigenomics Laboratory, Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rafael López-López
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Muinelo-Romay
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Angel Diaz-Lagares
- Cancer Epigenomics Laboratory, Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
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27
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Measurements Methods for the Development of MicroRNA-Based Tests for Cancer Diagnosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031176. [PMID: 33503982 PMCID: PMC7865473 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies investigating microRNAs as potential biomarkers for cancer, immune-related diseases, or cardiac pathogenic diseases, among others, have exponentially increased in the last years. In particular, altered expression of specific miRNAs correlates with the occurrence of several diseases, making these molecules potential molecular tools for non-invasive diagnosis, prognosis, and response to therapy. Nonetheless, microRNAs are not in clinical use yet, due to inconsistencies in the literature regarding the specific miRNAs identified as biomarkers for a specific disease, which in turn can be attributed to several reasons, including lack of assay standardization and reproducibility. Technological limitations in circulating microRNAs measurement have been, to date, the biggest challenge for using these molecules in clinical settings. In this review we will discuss pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical challenges to address the potential technical biases and patient-related parameters that can have an influence and should be improved to translate miRNA biomarkers to the clinical stage. Moreover, we will describe the currently available methods for circulating miRNA expression profiling and measurement, underlining their advantages and potential pitfalls.
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28
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Wang S, Yang Y, Cao YD, Tang XX, Du P. Androgen downregulation of miR-760 promotes prostate cancer cell growth by regulating IL6. Asian J Androl 2021; 23:85-90. [PMID: 32415054 PMCID: PMC7831841 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_20_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignancies in Western countries. Studies have shown that androgen contributes to the progression of PCa, but how androgen promotes PCa remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrated that androgen suppressed the expression of miR-760 depending on the interaction between androgen and androgen receptor (AR). miR-760 was downregulated in prostate cancer tissues compared with normal tissues. Functional experiments showed that miR-760 downregulation promoted the proliferation and growth of LNCaP and 22rv1 cells. In contrast, miR-760 ectopic expression inhibited the proliferation of LNCaP and 22rv1 cells. DNA synthesis was suppressed by miR-760. Mechanistically, miR-760 bound to the 3'UTR of interleukin 6 (IL6). A mutation in the binding site disrupted their interaction. In addition, silencing of IL6 suppressed the proliferation of LNCaP and 22rv1 cells. IL6 was upregulated in PCa tissues. Our study reveals that androgen downregulates miR-760 to promote the growth of PCa cells by regulating IL6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Department of Urology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Urology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142,, China
| | - Yu-Dong Cao
- Department of Urology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142,, China
| | - Xing-Xing Tang
- Department of Urology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142,, China
| | - Peng Du
- Department of Urology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142,, China
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29
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Wu X, Li Y, Man B, Li D. Assessing MicroRNA-375 Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Patients and Their First-Degree Relatives with T2DM. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:1445-1451. [PMID: 33824598 PMCID: PMC8018570 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s298735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The pancreatic islet specific microRNA-375 (miR-375) is overexpressed in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients suppressing the glucose-induced insulin secretion. Thus, miR-375 may serve as a biomarker for the early prediction of T2DM among high-risk individuals. We conducted this clinical study to assess the significance of miR-375 among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and their first-degree relatives. PATIENTS AND METHODS We included 56 Han Chinese individuals (N: NGT = 21, T2DM = 10, FD-NGT =13 and FD-T2DM = 12) who received medical health check-ups from January 2018 to September 2018 at The Third Hospital of Yunnan Province, China. They were categorized as normal glucose tolerance (NGT), T2DM, first-degree relatives with normal glucose tolerance (FD-NGT) and first-degree relatives with T2DM (FD-T2DM). OGTT, C-peptide and Insulin tests were performed to confirm the diagnosis. The miR-375 levels were determined by Quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). RESULTS The OGTT test showed a significant difference in T2DM and FD-T2DM groups compared with NGT and FD-NGT (p< 0.05). Similar results were observed during C-peptide and insulin tests. Interestingly, the 2-hour insulin test showed FD-NGT group having a significantly higher mean ± standard error of (64.240 ± 12.775) compared to NGT (28.836 ± 10.875). Assessment of miR-375 expression levels in 4 groups showed a significant up-regulation in T2DM and FD-T2DM compared with NGT and FD-NGT groups. A slight increase in miRNA expression was observed in FD-NGT compared with NGT group but was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION The OGTT, C-peptide and insulin tests revealed a statistically significant difference in T2DM and FD-T2DM compared with NGT and FD-NGT groups. A significantly higher miR-375 expression was also observed in T2DM and FD-T2DM groups compared with NGT and FD-NGT and thus, miR-375 may serve as a stable biomarker for the early prediction of T2DM among high-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wu
- The Third People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming, 650200, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yashan Li
- The Third People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming, 650200, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baohua Man
- The Third People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming, 650200, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dexuan Li
- The Third People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming, 650200, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Dexuan Li Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, No. 292 Beijing Road, Kunming, 650200, People’s Republic of China Email
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Li J, Tu J, Gao H, Tang L. MicroRNA-425-3p inhibits myocardial inflammation and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in mice with viral myocarditis through targeting TGF-β1. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2020; 9:288-298. [PMID: 33332750 PMCID: PMC7860592 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective Emerging articles have profiled the relations between microRNAs and viral myocarditis. This research was unearthed to explore the capacity of miR‐425‐3p on cardiomyocyte apoptosis in mice with viral myocarditis and its mechanism. Methods A total of 120 mice were classified into 4 groups in a random fashion (n = 30). The mice were intraperitoneally injected with coxsackievirus type B3 (CVB3) to induce myocarditis. On the 7th day after CVB3 infection, 10 mice in each group were euthanized to assess the heart function indices of mice, observe the pathological conditions, detect myocardial tissue apoptosis, and measure the inflammatory factor levels in myocardial tissues. Expression of miR‐425‐3p, transforming growth factor (TGF‐β1), and apoptosis‐associated proteins in myocardial tissues was determined. The remaining 20 mice in each group were used for survival observation. The luciferase activity assay was implemented to validate the relationship between miR‐425‐3p and TGF‐β1. miR‐425‐3p mimic was transfected into mouse cardiomyocytes HL‐1 and then infected with CVB3 to further verify the regulatory effect of miR‐425‐3p on the cardiomyocyte apoptosis in viral myocarditis. Results miR‐425‐3p was lowly expressed in myocardial tissues of mice with viral myocarditis. Overexpressed miR‐425‐3p improved the cardiac function, alleviated pathological conditions, reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, decreased Bax and cleaved Caspase‐3 expression, elevated Bcl‐2 expression, decreased levels of inflammatory factors and improved survival rate of mice with viral myocarditis. Luciferase activity assay verified that miR‐425‐3p could bind to TGF‐β1, and overexpressed miR‐425‐3p suppressed TGF‐β1, p‐smad2/smad2 and p‐smad3/smad3 expression. In vitro experiments further verified that overexpression of miR‐425‐3p inhibited the apoptosis of CVB3‐HL‐1 cells, and the addition of TGF‐β1 would reverse this effect. Conclusion Our research indicates that miR‐425‐3p is poorly expressed in myocardial tissues of mice with viral myocarditis. Overexpressed miR‐425‐3p inhibits cardiomyocyte apoptosis and myocardial inflammation in mice with viral myocarditis as well as improves their survival rates through suppressing the TGF‐β1/smad axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University (The First Hospital of Nanchang), Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiehong Tu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University (The First Hospital of Nanchang), Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University (The First Hospital of Nanchang), Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lu Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, XD Group Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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31
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Gan X, Wang T, Chen ZY, Zhang KH. Blood-derived molecular signatures as biomarker panels for the early detection of colorectal cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:8159-8168. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05838-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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32
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Ahadi A. The significance of microRNA deregulation in colorectal cancer development and the clinical uses as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and therapeutic agent. Noncoding RNA Res 2020; 5:125-134. [PMID: 32954092 PMCID: PMC7476809 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most widely recognized and deadly malignancies worldwide. Although death rates have declined over the previous decade, mainly because of enhanced screening or potential treatment alternatives, CRC remains the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally, with an estimated incidence of over 1 million new cases and approximately 600 000 deaths estimated yearly. Therefore, many scientific efforts are put into the development of new diagnostic biomarkers for CRC. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), one of the epigenetics categories, have demonstrated significant roles in carcinogenesis and progression through regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), oncogenic signaling pathways, and metastasis. Dysregulation of miRNAs expression has been reported in many cancers, including CRC. The expression profile of miRNAs is reproducibly altered in CRC, and their expression patterns are associated with diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic outcomes in CRC. Recently, many studies were conducted on the dysregulation of miRNAs as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in CRC. Among them, some miRNAs, which include miR-21, miR-34 family, miR-155, miR-224, and miR-378, have been more studied in CRC with more prominent roles in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. In the present review, we summarized the latest information regarding the dysregulated miRNAs in CRC and the advantages of using miRNAs as a biomarker for CRC diagnosis, treatment, and their function in different signaling pathways involved in CRC progression. Moreover, we described the translation of miRNA research to potential therapeutic applications in the management of CRC in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Ahadi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sampath SS, Venkatabalasubramanian S, Ramalingam S. Role of MicroRNAs in the Progression and Metastasis of Colon Cancer. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:35-46. [PMID: 32842949 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200825184924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level by binding to the mRNA of their target genes. The dysfunction of miRNAs is strongly associated with the inflammation of the colon. Besides, some microRNAs are shown to suppress tumours, while others promote tumour progression and metastasis. Inflammatory bowel diseases include Crohn's disease and Ulcerative colitis, which increase the risk factor for inflammation-associated colon cancer. MicroRNAs are shown to be involved in gastrointestinal pathologies by targeting the transcripts encoding proteins of the intestinal barrier and their regulators that are associated with inflammation and colon cancer. Detection of these microRNAs in the blood, serum, tissues, faecal matter, etc, will enable us to use these microRNAs as biomarkers for early detection of the associated malignancies and design novel therapeutic strategies to overcome the same. Information on MicroRNAs can be applied for the development of targeted therapies against inflammation-mediated colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruthi Sanjitha Sampath
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bio-Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Kanchipuram, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sivaramakrishnan Venkatabalasubramanian
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bio-Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Kanchipuram, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Satish Ramalingam
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bio-Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Kanchipuram, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
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Mei H, Wen Y. MicroRNAs for Diagnosis and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:47-55. [PMID: 32819240 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320999200818134339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide, with high morbidity and mortality rates. The diagnosis and treatment of CRC have the most significant value for disease- free survival. Early diagnosis and early surgical resection are generally considered to be the most effective ways to reduce CRC mortality. In the past few years, many researchers have focused on the role of microRNAs in different tumors, making the functions of microRNAs gradually clear. The present study reviews the role of microRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. Compared with the usual diagnosis methods and biomarker, circulating microRNAs can be promising new effective biomarkers for CRC diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Mei
- Shanghai General Hospital, Department of general surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yugang Wen
- Shanghai General Hospital, Department of general surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Chu YL, Li H, Ng PLA, Kong ST, Zhang H, Lin Y, Tai WCS, Yu ACS, Yim AKY, Tsang HF, Cho WCS, Wong SCC. The potential of circulating exosomal RNA biomarkers in cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2020; 20:665-678. [PMID: 32188269 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1745064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are great potentials of using exosomal RNAs (exoRNA) as biomarkers in cancers. The isolation of exoRNA requires the use of ultracentrifugation to isolate cell-free RNA followed by detection using real-time PCR, microarray, next-generation sequencing, or Nanostring nCounter system. The use of exoRNA enrichment panels has largely increased the detection sensitivity and specificity when compared to traditional diagnostic tests. Moreover, using exoRNA as biomarkers can assist the early detection of chemo and radioresistance cancer, and in turn opens up the possibility of personalized treatment to patients. Finally, exoRNA can be detected at an early stage of cancer recurrence to improve the survival rate. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors summarized the detection methods of exoRNA as well as its potential as a biomarker in cancer diagnosis and chemo and radioresistance. EXPERT OPINION The application of exoRNAs in clinical diagnosis is still in its infancy. Further researches on extracellular vesicles isolation, detection protocols, exoRNA classes and subclasses, and the regulatory biological pathways have to be performed before exoRNA can be applied translationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Lam Chu
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Harriet Li
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Pik Lan Amanda Ng
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Siu Ting Kong
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, Jinan University Medical College , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yusheng Lin
- Department of Immunotherapy and Gastrointestinal Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College , Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - William Chi Shing Tai
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , Kowloon, China
| | | | | | - Hin Fung Tsang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | | | - Sze Chuen Cesar Wong
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Wood ME, Farina NH, Ahern TP, Cuke ME, Stein JL, Stein GS, Lian JB. Towards a more precise and individualized assessment of breast cancer risk. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:1305-1316. [PMID: 30787204 PMCID: PMC6402518 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many clinically based models are available for breast cancer risk assessment; however, these models are not particularly useful at the individual level, despite being designed with that intent. There is, therefore, a significant need for improved, precise individualized risk assessment. In this Research Perspective, we highlight commonly used clinical risk assessment models and recent scientific advances to individualize risk assessment using precision biomarkers. Genome-wide association studies have identified >100 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with breast cancer risk, and polygenic risk scores (PRS) have been developed by several groups using this information. The ability of a PRS to improve risk assessment is promising; however, validation in both genetically and ethnically diverse populations is needed. Additionally, novel classes of biomarkers, such as microRNAs, may capture clinically relevant information based on epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Our group has recently identified a circulating-microRNA signature predictive of long-term breast cancer in a prospective cohort of high-risk women. While progress has been made, the importance of accurate risk assessment cannot be understated. Precision risk assessment will identify those women at greatest risk of developing breast cancer, thus avoiding overtreatment of women at average risk and identifying the most appropriate candidates for chemoprevention or surgical prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie E Wood
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, The Robert Larner MD College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Robert Larner MD College of Medicine, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Nicholas H Farina
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, The Robert Larner MD College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, and The Robert Larner MD College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Thomas P Ahern
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, The Robert Larner MD College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, and The Robert Larner MD College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.,Department of Surgery, The Robert Larner MD College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Melissa E Cuke
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, The Robert Larner MD College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Robert Larner MD College of Medicine, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Janet L Stein
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, The Robert Larner MD College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, and The Robert Larner MD College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Gary S Stein
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, The Robert Larner MD College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, and The Robert Larner MD College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.,Department of Surgery, The Robert Larner MD College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Jane B Lian
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, The Robert Larner MD College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, and The Robert Larner MD College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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Yang Y, Meng WJ, Wang ZQ. MicroRNAs in Colon and Rectal Cancer - Novel Biomarkers from Diagnosis to Therapy. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 20:1211-1226. [PMID: 32370729 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200506075219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers and a significant cause of tumor- related deaths worldwide. Traditional biomarkers, such as CEA and CA199, are not sensitive enough to provide useful information for early diagnosis and treatment and are rather used to track the clinical progression of the disease. There is growing evidence that microRNAs (miRNA) are potentially superior to traditional biomarkers as promising non-invasive biomarkers for the timely diagnosis and prediction of prognosis or treatment response in the management of CRC. In this review, the latest studies on the dysregulation of miRNAs expression in CRC and the potential for miRNAs to serve as biomarkers were collected. Given the limitations of miRNA, as discussed in this paper, its clinical applications as a diagnostic biomarker should be limited to use in combination with other biomarkers. Further research is necessary to elucidate the clinical applications of miRNA in therapy for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wen-Jian Meng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zi-Qiang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Fadhil RS, Wei MQ, Nikolarakos D, Good D, Nair RG. Salivary microRNA miR-let-7a-5p and miR-3928 could be used as potential diagnostic bio-markers for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0221779. [PMID: 32208417 PMCID: PMC7092992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS MicroRNAs (miRNA) are a class of non-protein-coding RNAs that have significant biological and pathological functions. The importance of miRNAs as potential cancer diagnostic biomarkers is gaining attention due to their influence in the regulation of cellular processes such as cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. The aim of this study was to identify significant miRNAs from saliva as potential diagnostic biomarkers in the early diagnosis and prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Five differentially expressed miRNAs (miR-7703, miR- let-7a-5p, miR- 345-5p, miR- 3928 and miR- 1470) were selected from Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) miRNA data generated from our previous study using saliva of 12 HNSCC patients and 12 healthy controls. Their differential expressed miRNAs were subsequently validated by RT-qPCR using saliva samples from healthy controls (n = 80) and HNSCC patients (n = 150). Total RNA was isolated from 150 saliva samples of HNSCC patients and was transcripted into cDNA by TaqMan MicroRNA Reverse Transcription Kit. Using quantitative RT-PCR analysis, salivary miRNAs were identified in HNSCC patients (n = 150) and healthy controlled cases (n = 80). T-tests were used to compare the differences among the various clinical variants. RESULTS On average 160 ng/μl was isolated from 500 μl of saliva. Overall, a good correlation observed between the HNSCC and some of miRNAs expression levels. Salivary miR-let-7a-5p (P<0.0001) and miR-3928 (P< 0.01) were significantly down regulated in saliva of HNSCC patients relative to age and sex-matched healthy controls. A number of salivary miRNAs (miR-let-7a-5p and miR-3928) were correlated with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.003, p = 0.049) and tumour size (p = 0.01, p = 0.02), respectively. However, our preliminary analysis showed no significant differences in salivary miR-1470, miR-345-5p or miR-7703 expression between patients and healthy controls. Most notably, our analysis showed that salivary miR-let-7a-5p and miR-3928 expression levels have significant sensitivity and specificity to distinguish between patients with HNSCC and healthy controls. CONCLUSION This study concluded that salivary miR-let-7a-5p and miR-3928 has the potential to be novel non-invasive biomarkers for early detection and prognosis of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rushdi S. Fadhil
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ming Q. Wei
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail: (RGN); (MQW)
| | - Dimitrios Nikolarakos
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Queensland Health, Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Good
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health, Australian Catholic University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Raj G. Nair
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- Oral Oncology, Haematology and Oncology, Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail: (RGN); (MQW)
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Wang M, Su Z, Amoah Barnie P. Crosstalk among colon cancer-derived exosomes, fibroblast-derived exosomes, and macrophage phenotypes in colon cancer metastasis. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 81:106298. [PMID: 32058925 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cellular crosstalk is an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders and cancers. One significant means by which cells communicate with each other is through the release of exosomes. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles formed by the outward budding of plasma membranes, which are then released from cells into the extracellular space. Many studies have suggested that microvesicles released by colon cancer cells initiate crosstalk and modulate the fibroblast activities and macrophage phenotypes. Interestingly, crosstalk among colon cancer cells, macrophages and cancer-associated fibroblasts maximizes the mechanical composition of the stromal extracellular matrix (ECM). Exosomes contribute to cancer cell migration and invasion, which are critical for colon cancer progression to metastasis. The majority of the studies on colorectal cancers (CRCs) have focused on developing exosomal biomarkers for the early detection and prediction of CRC prognosis. This study highlights the crosstalk among colon cancer-derived exosomes, macrophage phenotypes and fibroblasts during colon cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyun Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Zhaoliang Su
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Prince Amoah Barnie
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
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Wang Y, Gong G, Xu J, Zhang Y, Wu S, Wang S. Long noncoding RNA HOTAIR promotes breast cancer development by targeting ZEB1 via sponging miR-601. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:320. [PMID: 32694942 PMCID: PMC7367248 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01410-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is a common malignancy worldwide. It has been reported that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) is abnormally expressed in BC. However, the role of HOTAIR in the malignancy of BC is worth further discussion. This study aims to clarify the function and molecular mechanism of HOTAIR in BC. METHODS Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was employed to determine the expression of HOTAIR, microRNA (miR)-601 and zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1). Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and transwell assay were used to detect the proliferation, migration and invasion of cells. Further, the protein levels of AKT, phosphorylated-AKT (p-AKT), ZEB1 and Ki-67 were confirmed by western blot (WB) assay. Moreover, dual-luciferase reporter assay was applied to examine the targeting relationship between HOTAIR and miR-601 or miR-601 and ZEB1. In addition, animal experiments were conducted to verify the effect of HOTAIR on BC tumor growth in vivo. RESULTS HOTAIR was upregulated in BC tissues and cells, and its knockdown suppressed the proliferation, migration, invasion and the activity of AKT signaling pathway of BC cells. HOTAIR could serve as a sponge of miR-601. Further experiments revealed that miR-601 inhibitor could reverse the inhibition effect of HOTAIR silencing on the progression of BC. Meanwhile, ZEB1 was a target of miR-601, and its overexpression could invert the suppression effect of miR-601 overexpression on the progression of BC. Additionally, ZEB1 expression was regulated by HOTAIR and miR-601. Furthermore, interference of HOTAIR could attenuate BC tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSION In short, this study demonstrated that HOTAIR promoted the proliferation, migration, invasion of BC through regulating the miR-601/ZEB1 axis, which provided a theoretical basis for the research on lncRNA-directed therapeutics in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shantou Central Hospital and Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shantou, 515000 China
| | - Guoliang Gong
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57, Changping Road, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong China
- Department of Pathology, Chaonan Minsheng Hospital of Shantou, Shantou, 515000 China
| | - Jingyun Xu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57, Changping Road, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong China
| | - Yuanxin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Chaonan Minsheng Hospital of Shantou, Shantou, 515000 China
| | - Shenggui Wu
- Department of Pathology, Chaonan Minsheng Hospital of Shantou, Shantou, 515000 China
| | - Shaohong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shantou Central Hospital and Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shantou, 515000 China
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Circulating Extracellular Vesicle MicroRNA as Diagnostic Biomarkers in Early Colorectal Cancer-A Review. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:cancers12010052. [PMID: 31878015 PMCID: PMC7016718 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies in the developed world, with global deaths expected to double in the next decade. Disease stage at diagnosis is the single greatest prognostic indicator for long-term survival. Unfortunately, early stage CRC is often asymptomatic and diagnosis frequently occurs at an advanced stage, where long-term survival can be as low as 14%. Circulating microRNAs encapsulated in extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently come to prominence as novel diagnostic markers for cancer. EV-miRNAs are dysregulated in the circulation of CRC patients compared to healthy controls, and several specific miRNA candidates have been posited as diagnostic markers, including miR-21, miR-23a, miR-1246, and miR-92a. This review outlines the current landscape of EV-miRNAs as potential diagnostic markers for CRC, with a specific focus on those able to detect early stage disease.
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Wang N, Zeng L, Li Z, Zhen Y, Chen H. Serum miR-663 expression and the diagnostic value in colorectal cancer. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:2650-2653. [PMID: 31240955 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1628036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common digestive cancers leading to deaths worldwide. In this study, we aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of miR-663 in CRC. The expression of miR-663 was detected by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The association between miR-663 and clinical parameters of subjects was evaluated by chi-square test. Additionally, ROC (receiver operating characteristic) analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic role of miR-663 in CRC. The expression of miR-663 in CRC patients was significantly upregulated compared with benign colorectal disease patients and healthy controls (p < .01). Besides, the expression of miR-663 was significantly associated with tumour differentiation, invasion, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage (p < .05). The cutoff value of miR-663 was 1.31, and the corresponding sensitivity and specificity were 83.1% and 73.8%, respectively. In ROC analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.806, which indicated that miR-663 could act as an independent diagnostic biomarker for CRC. In conclusion, miR-663 was up-regulated in CRC patients and may be an effective biomarker for CRC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- a Department of Oncology, the General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force , Beijing , China
| | - Liyi Zeng
- b Department of Infection Control, Zhuzhou Central Hospital and Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College of Central South University , Zhuzhou , China
| | - Zhaoxia Li
- a Department of Oncology, the General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force , Beijing , China
| | - Yanfang Zhen
- a Department of Oncology, the General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force , Beijing , China
| | - Huoming Chen
- a Department of Oncology, the General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force , Beijing , China
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Du H, Wang X, Dong R, Hu D, Xiong Y. miR-601 inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion of prostate cancer stem cells by targeting KRT5 to inactivate the Wnt signaling pathway. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2019; 12:4361-4379. [PMID: 31933840 PMCID: PMC6949885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to verify the hypothesis that downregulation of miR-601 inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) by the Wnt signaling pathway through targeting keratin 5 (KRT5). METHODS Bioinformatic tools were applied to predict miRNAs and genes potentially associated with prostate cancer, then miR-601 and KRT5 were selected. Subsequently, PCSCs were investigated with respect to miR-601 overexpression or inhibition, KRT5 overexpression, or treatment with a Wnt pathway inhibitor. A series of experiments including western blotting, RT-qPCR, wound healing experiment, transwell assay, MTT assay, annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometric analysis, nude mice assay and immunohistochemistry were then carried out. RESULTS Compared with negative control group, migration, invasion, and proliferation of PCSCs and Wnt-1 expression were all enhanced, but apoptosis was attenuated in the miR-601 mimic group. Furthermore, results identified in the other groups (KRT5, miR-601 inhibitor, miR-601 inhibitor + KRT5, Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor, PRI-724/PRI-724 + KRT5) were opposite to those identified with the miR-601 mimic group (all P<0.05). Compared with the miR-601 inhibitor + KRT5 group, migration, invasion, and proliferation of PCSCs and Wnt-1 expression were all increased, whereas apoptosis was suppressed in KRT5 or miR-601 inhibitor groups (all P<0.05). Compared with the PRI-724 + KRT5 group, migration, invasion, and proliferation of PCSCs and Wnt-1 expression were also enhanced, whereas apoptosis was inhibited in PRI-724 or KRT5 groups (all P<0.05). CONCLUSION Results obtained from the present study have demonstrated that downregulation of miR-601 is able to inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of PCSCs by activating KRT5, and subsequently inhibiting the Wnt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Du
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430071, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Xinghuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430071, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Rui Dong
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430071, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Dongliang Hu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430071, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Yaoyi Xiong
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430071, Hubei, P.R. China
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Xu W, Zhou G, Wang H, Liu Y, Chen B, Chen W, Lin C, Wu S, Gong A, Xu M. Circulating lncRNA SNHG11 as a novel biomarker for early diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:2901-2912. [PMID: 31633800 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Emerging evidence indicates that tumour cells release substantial amounts of RNA into the bloodstream, in which RNA strongly resists RNases and is present at sufficient levels for quantitative analyses. Our study aimed to discover blood-based markers for the early detection of CRC and to ascertain their efficiency in discriminating healthy controls, patients with polyps and adenomas and cancer patients. We first analysed and screened ZFAS1, SNHG11, LINC00909 and LINC00654 in a bioinformatics database and then collected clinical plasma samples for preliminary small-scale analysis and further large-scale verification. We then explored the mechanism of dominant lncRNA SNHG11 expression in CRC by in vitro and in vivo assays. The combination of ZFAS1, SNHG11, LINC00909 and LINC00654 showed high diagnostic performance for CRC (AUC: 0.937), especially early-stage disease (AUC: 0.935). Plasma levels of the four candidate lncRNAs were significantly reduced in postoperative samples compared to preoperative samples. A panel including these four lncRNAs performed well in distinguishing patient groups with different stages of colon disease, and SNHG11 exhibited the greatest diagnostic ability to identify precancerous lesions and early-stage tumour formation. Mechanistically, high SNHG11 expression promotes proliferation and metastasis by targeting the Hippo pathway. Taken together, the data indicate that SNHG11 may be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of CRC and a potential biomarker for the early detection of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Clinical Psychology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Gai Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Jiangbei People's Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Huizhi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yawen Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Baoding Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chen Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shuhui Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Aihua Gong
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Yang X, Zhang C, Tie H, Luo J, Wang Y, Wu Q. miR-760 exerts an antioncogenic effect in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by negatively driving fat metabolism via targeting c-Myc. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:2950-2961. [PMID: 31709636 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
miR-760 is downregulated in various human tumors, and fat metabolism disorder correlates with tumor progression, especially anomalism of key fat metabolic enzymes that are positively modulated by c-Myc. The aim of our study is to elucidate the presumptive molecular mechanisms of miR-760-mediated esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell function and to assess the therapeutic significance of miR-760 in ESCC patients. Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis indicated that miR-760 was significantly downexpressed in ESCC tissues and cell lines. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, colony formation assay, transwell assay, and flow cytometry denoted that induced ectopic overexpression of miR-760 dramatically inhibited ESCC cells proliferation, attenuated migration, and invasion facilitated apoptosis in vitro. Mechanistically, c-Myc predicted using bioinformatics was identified as a potential target gene of miR-760 by luciferase reporter assay. Furthermore, mRNA and protein expression levels of c-Myc and key fat metabolic enzymes were downregulated with miR-760 mimics. The above investigation results, responsible for the antineoplastic properties of miR-760 in ESCC, preliminarily highlighted that the hypothetical signal amongst miR-760, c-Myc, and key fat metabolic enzymes may develop a novel diagnostic marker, therapeutic target, and independent prognostic indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuetao Yang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongtao Tie
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiyang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingchen Wu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Exosomal miRNA: Small Molecules, Big Impact in Colorectal Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:8585276. [PMID: 31737071 PMCID: PMC6815599 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8585276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the major causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Tumor microenvironment (TME) contains many cell types including stromal cells, immune cells, and endothelial cells. The TME modulation explains the heterogeneity of response to therapy observed in patients. In this context, exosomes are emerging as major contributors in cancer biology. Indeed, exosomes are implicated in tumor proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, and premetastatic niche formation. They contain bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, and RNAs. More recently, many studies on exosomes have focused on miRNAs, small noncoding RNA molecules able to influence protein expression. In this review, we describe miRNAs transported by exosomes in the context of CRC and discuss their influence on TME and their potential as circulating biomarkers. This overview underlines emerging roles for exosomal miRNAs in cancer research for the near future.
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Min C, Zhang A, Qin J. Increased expression of miR-601 is associated with poor prognosis and tumor progression of gastric cancer. Diagn Pathol 2019; 14:107. [PMID: 31547835 PMCID: PMC6757374 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-019-0882-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been considered to participate in many tumorigenesis, including gastric cancer (GC). Abnormal expression of miR-601 has been reported in GC, but its role is not clear. The goal of this study is to explore the expression patterns, clinical value and functional role of miR-601 in GC. Methods Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was conducted to evaluate the expression level of miR-601. The association between miR-601 expression and overall survival was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier survival method. The significance of different variables with respect to survival was analyzed by using the Cox regression assay. Cell experiments were applied to investigate the functional role of miR-601 in GC. Results We found that miR-601 was significantly up-regulated in GC tissues and cells compared with the controls (all P < 0.01). The levels of miR-601 expression were significantly associated with TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, lymphatic invasion, and distant metastasis (all P < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients in the high miR-601 expression group had poor overall survival (log-rank P = 0.001). Moreover, we confirmed that miR-601, TNM stage, and distant metastasis were independent prognostic factors for GC patients. Overexpression of miR-601 in AGS and SGC-7901 cells by miR-601 mimic transfection significantly promoted the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion (P < 0.05). Conclusions The expression level of miR-601 is dramatically up-regulated in GC. The overexpression of miR-601 promotes the tumor progression of GC, and may be a novel prognostic factor for poor survival in GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuili Min
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, No.4138, South Linglongshan Road, Shandong, 262500, China.
| | - Aixia Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, No.4138, South Linglongshan Road, Shandong, 262500, China
| | - Jing Qin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, No.4138, South Linglongshan Road, Shandong, 262500, China
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Yagi T, Iinuma H, Hayama T, Matsuda K, Nozawa K, Tsukamoto M, Shimada R, Akahane T, Tsuchiya T, Ozawa T, Hashiguchi Y. Plasma exosomal microRNA-125b as a monitoring biomarker of resistance to mFOLFOX6-based chemotherapy in advanced and recurrent colorectal cancer patients. Mol Clin Oncol 2019; 11:416-424. [PMID: 31497299 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2019.1911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid biomarkers for the early detection of resistance to chemotherapy are important for improving prognosis. This study investigated the usefulness of plasma exosomal microRNA-125b (ex-miRNA-125b) for the early detection of resistance to modified fluorouracil, leucovorin and oxaliplatin (mFOLFOX6)-based first-line chemotherapy in patients with advanced or recurrent (advanced/recurrent) colorectal cancer (CRC). First, ex-miRNAs associated with resistance to mFOLFOX6-based chemotherapy were profiled via miRNA microarray analysis. In this analysis, ex-miR-125b exhibited the greatest upregulation in patients with progressive disease (PD) compared with the findings for patients with stable disease (SD) and healthy controls. Next, another 55 patients with advanced/recurrent CRC who received mFOLFOX6-based first-line chemotherapy underwent a validation study of ex-miR-125b. Blood samples were collected before and during treatment until tumor progression. Ex-miRNA levels were measured via TaqMan microRNA assays. Patients with CRC had significantly higher ex-miR-125b levels than healthy controls. In patients with partial responses, ex-miR-125b levels at the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) judgment point were significantly lower than those measured before treatment. In patients with SD, ex-miR-125b levels did not differ before and during treatment. In patients with PD, ex-miR-125b levels at the RECIST judgment point were significantly higher than those measured before treatment. These changes in ex-miR-125b levels were significantly different between groups even 1 month after the initiation of chemotherapy. Progression-free survival (PFS) was significantly worse in patients with high baseline ex-miR-125b levels than in those with low levels. In the Cox analysis, baseline ex-miR-125b levels and KRAS mutation were indicated to be independent prognostic factors for PFS. The present results suggest that plasma ex-miR-125b levels may be useful for the early detection of resistance to mFOLFOX6-based first-line chemotherapy. Furthermore, ex-miR-125b before chemotherapy is a predictive biomarker for PFS in patients with advanced/recurrent CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Yagi
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Hisae Iinuma
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Tamuro Hayama
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Keiji Matsuda
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Keijirou Nozawa
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Tsukamoto
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Ryu Shimada
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Takuya Akahane
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tsuchiya
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ozawa
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Yojiro Hashiguchi
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
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Peng Q, Feng Z, Shen Y, Zhu J, Zou L, Shen Y, Zhu Y. Integrated analyses of microRNA-29 family and the related combination biomarkers demonstrate their widespread influence on risk, recurrence, metastasis and survival outcome in colorectal cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:181. [PMID: 31346316 PMCID: PMC6633652 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0907-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence has revealed miR-29 family as promising biomarkers for colorectal cancer (CRC), but their biomarker potential and molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Methods We performed a comprehensive meta-analysis to evaluate the biomarker performance of individual miR-29 and the related miRNA combination biomarkers. Meanwhile, we conducted an integrative bioinformatics analysis to unfold the underlying biological function of miR-29 and their relationship with CRC. Results Using miR-29 expression to diagnose CRC produced 0.82 area under the curve, 70% sensitivity and 81% specificity while the combination biomarkers based on miR-29 enhanced the diagnostic power with an AUC of 0.86, a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 91%. For the prognosis evaluation, patients with higher expression of miR-29 had better survival outcome (pooled HR 0.78; 95% CI 0.56–1.07). In addition, miR-29 has also been identified as potential biomarker for predicting recurrence and metastasis in CRC. Then the genes regulated by the miR-29 family were retrieved and found closely associated with the molecular pathogenesis of CRC according to the gene ontology and pathway analysis. Furthermore, hub nodes and significant modules were identified from the protein–protein interaction network constructed with miR-29 family targets, which were also confirmed highly involved in the establishment and development of CRC. Conclusions Current evidences suggest miR-29 family may become promising biomarkers for risk, recurrence, metastasis and survival outcome of CRC. Meanwhile our data highlight the potential clinical use of miRNA combination biomarkers. Nevertheless, further prospective studies are warranted before the application of the useful biomarkers in the clinical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiliang Peng
- 1Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, San Xiang Road No. 1055, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004 China.,2Institute of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhengyang Feng
- 3Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi Shen
- 4Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Zhu
- Tongda College of Nanjing University of Post and Telecommunications, Yangzhou, China
| | - Li Zou
- 1Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, San Xiang Road No. 1055, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004 China.,2Institute of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuntian Shen
- 1Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, San Xiang Road No. 1055, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004 China.,2Institute of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yaqun Zhu
- 1Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, San Xiang Road No. 1055, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004 China.,2Institute of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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50
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Shirmohamadi M, Eghbali E, Najjary S, Mokhtarzadeh A, Kojabad AB, Hajiasgharzadeh K, Lotfinezhad P, Baradaran B. Regulatory mechanisms of microRNAs in colorectal cancer and colorectal cancer stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:776-789. [PMID: 31264216 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most lethal and hard-to-treat cancers in the world, which in its advanced stages, surgery and chemotherapy are the main common treatment approaches. The microRNAs (miRNAs), as novel markers for CRC detection, promote their regulatory effects via the 3'-untranslated binding region (3'-UTR) of target messenger RNA in posttranscriptional regulation of genes and also play a pivotal role in modulating resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. These small noncoding RNAs have also a critical role in CRC stem cells (CRCSCs) regulation, comprising self-renewal, differentiation, and tumorigenesis. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are distinctive cell types inside a tumor tissue that are believed to derive from normal somatic stem cells. The CSCs have self-renewal abilities, angiogenesis, as well as specific surface markers expression characteristics. Furthermore, they are frequently criticized for tumor maintenance, treatment resistance, tumor development, and distant metastasis. In this review, we discuss the current understandings of CRCSCs and their environment with a focus on the role of miRNAs on the regulation of CSCs and their targeting application in CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Shirmohamadi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Eghbali
- Medical Radiation Sciences Research Group, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shiva Najjary
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - Parisa Lotfinezhad
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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