1
|
Gorey MA, Mericskay M, Li Z, Decaux JF. Interrelation between α-Cardiac Actin Treadmilling and Myocardin-Related Transcription Factor-A Nuclear Shuttling in Cardiomyocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137394. [PMID: 35806398 PMCID: PMC9266856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTFs) play a central role in the regulation of actin expression and cytoskeletal dynamics that are controlled by Rho GTPases. SRF is a ubiquitous transcription factor strongly expressed in muscular tissues. The depletion of SRF in the adult mouse heart leads to severe dilated cardiomyopathy associated with the down-regulation of target genes encoding sarcomeric proteins including α-cardiac actin. The regulatory triad, composed of SRF, its cofactor MRTFA and actin, plays a major role in the coordination of the nuclear transcriptional response to adapt actin filament dynamics associated with changes in cell shape, and contractile and migratory activities. Most of the knowledge on the regulation of the SRF–MRTF–Actin axis has been obtained in non-muscle cells with α-actin and smooth muscle cells with α-smooth actin. Here, we visualized for the first time by a time-lapse video, the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of MRTFA induced by serum or pro-hypertrophic agonists such as angiotensin II, phenylephrine and endothelin-1, using an MRTFA-GFP adenovirus in cultures of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. We showed that an inhibitor of the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway leads to an α-cardiac actin polymerization disruption and inhibition of MRTFA nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. Moreover, inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway also prevents the entry of MRTFA into the nuclei. Our findings point out a central role of the SRF–MRTFA–actin axis in cardiac remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark-Alexander Gorey
- Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, INSERM ERL U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France; (M.-A.G.); (J.-F.D.)
| | - Mathias Mericskay
- INSERM UMR-S 1180, Signalling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France;
| | - Zhenlin Li
- Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, INSERM ERL U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France; (M.-A.G.); (J.-F.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1-44-27-21-36
| | - Jean-François Decaux
- Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, INSERM ERL U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France; (M.-A.G.); (J.-F.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu H, Liu Y, Zhang X, Wang X. Current Study of RhoA and Associated Signaling Pathways in Gastric Cancer. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 15:607-613. [PMID: 32223738 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x15666200330143958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth-most common cancer in the world, with an estimated 1.034 million new cases in 2015, and the third-highest cause of cancer deaths, estimated at 785,558, in 2014. Early diagnosis and treatment greatly affect the survival rate in patients with GC: the 5-year survival rate of early GC reaches 90%-95%, while the mortality rate significantly increases if GC develops to the late stage. Recently, studies for the role of RhoA in the diseases have become a hot topic, especially in the development of tumors. A study found that RhoA can regulate actin polymerization, cell adhesion, motor-myosin, cell transformation, and the ability to participate in the activities of cell movement, proliferation, migration, which are closely related to the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells. However, the specific role of RhoA in tumor cells remains to be studied. Therefore, our current study aimed to briefly review the role of RhoA in GC, especially for its associated signaling pathways involved in the GC progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yiqian Liu
- Department of pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Xiaochuan Zhang
- Department of pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Du J, Lin Z, Volovych O, Lu Z, Zou Z. A RhoGAP venom protein from Microplitis mediator suppresses the cellular response of its host Helicoverpa armigera. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 108:103675. [PMID: 32173445 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Female parasitoid wasps normally inject virulence factors together with eggs into their host to counter host immunity defenses. A newly identified RhoGAP protein in the venom of Microplitis mediator compromises the cellular immunity of its host, Helicoverpa armigera. RhoGAP1 proteins entered H. armigera hemocytes, and the host cellular cytoskeleton was disrupted. Depletion of MmGAP1 by injection of dsRNA or antibody increased the wasp egg encapsulation rate. An immunoprecipitation assay of overexpressed MmGAP1 protein in a Helicoverpa cell line showed that MmGAP1 interacts with many cellular cytoskeleton associated proteins as well as Rho GTPases. A yeast two-hybrid and a pull-down assay demonstrated that MmGAP1 interacts with H. armigera RhoA and Cdc42. These results show that the RhoGAP protein in M. mediator can destroy the H. armigera hemocyte cellular cytoskeleton, restrain host cellular immune defense, and increase the probability of successful parasitism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Du
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhe Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Olga Volovych
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhiqiang Lu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhen Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 311300, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bao HR, Chen JL, Li F, Zeng XL, Liu XJ. Relationship between PI3K/mTOR/RhoA pathway-regulated cytoskeletal rearrangements and phagocytic capacity of macrophages. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 53:e9207. [PMID: 32520207 PMCID: PMC7279697 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20209207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between PI3K/mTOR/RhoA signaling regulated cytoskeletal rearrangements and phagocytic capacity of macrophages. RAW264.7 macrophages were divided into four groups; blank control, negative control, PI3K-RNAi, and mTOR-RNAi. The cytoskeletal changes in the macrophages were observed. Furthermore, the phagocytic capacity of macrophages against Escherichia coli is reported as mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) and percent phagocytosis. Transfection yielded 82.1 and 81.5% gene-silencing efficiencies against PI3K and mTOR, respectively. The PI3K-RNAi group had lower mRNA and protein expression levels of PI3K, mTOR, and RhoA than the blank and negative control groups (Р<0.01). The mTOR-RNAi group had lower mRNA and protein levels of mTOR and RhoA than the blank and the negative control groups (Р<0.01). Macrophages in the PI3K-RNAi group exhibited stiff and inflexible morphology with short, disorganized filopodia and reduced number of stress fibers. Macrophages in the mTOR-RNAi group displayed pronounced cellular deformations with long, dense filopodia and an increased number of stress fibers. The PI3K-RNAi group exhibited lower MFI and percent phagocytosis than blank and negative control groups, whereas the mTOR-RNAi group displayed higher MFI and percent phagocytosis than the blank and negative controls (Р<0.01). Before and after transfection, the mRNA and protein levels of PI3K were both positively correlated with mTOR and RhoA (Р<0.05), but the mRNA and protein levels of mTOR were negatively correlated with those of RhoA (Р<0.05). Changes in the phagocytic capacity of macrophages were associated with cytoskeletal rearrangements and were regulated by the PI3K/mTOR/RhoA signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H R Bao
- Department of Gerontal Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - J L Chen
- Department of Gerontal Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - F Li
- Department of Gerontal Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - X L Zeng
- Department of Gerontal Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - X J Liu
- Department of Gerontal Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vollmer TR, Zhou EH, Rice DS, Prasanna G, Chen A, Wilson CW. Application of Cell Impedance as a Screening Tool to Discover Modulators of Intraocular Pressure. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2020; 36:269-281. [PMID: 32176566 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2019.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To identify new targets and compounds involved in mediating cellular contractility or relaxation in trabecular meshwork (TM) cells and test their efficacy in an ex vivo model measuring outflow facility. Methods: A low-molecular weight compound library composed of 3,957 compounds was screened for cytoskeletal changes using the Acea xCelligence impedance platform in immortalized human NTM5 TM cells. Hits were confirmed by 8-point concentration response and were subsequently evaluated for impedance changes in 2 primary human TM strains, as well as cross-reactivity in bovine primary cells. A recently described bovine whole eye perfusion system was used to evaluate effects of compounds on aqueous outflow facility. Results: The primary screen conducted was robust, with Z' values >0.5. Fifty-two compounds were identified in the primary screen and confirmed to have concentration-dependent effects on impedance in NTM5 cells. Of these, 9 compounds representing distinct drug classes were confirmed to modulate impedance in both human primary TM cells and bovine cells. One of these compounds, wortmannin, an inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3-kinase, increased outflow facility by 11%. Conclusions: A robust phenotypic assay was developed that enabled identification of contractility modulators in immortalized TM cells. The screening hits were translatable to primary TM cells and modulated outflow facility in an ex vivo perfusion assay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Vollmer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Enhua H Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Dennis S Rice
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ganesh Prasanna
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Amy Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher W Wilson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bordeleau F, Wang W, Simmons A, Antonyak MA, Cerione RA, Reinhart-King CA. Tissue transglutaminase 2 regulates tumor cell tensional homeostasis by increasing contractility. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs.231134. [PMID: 31822629 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.231134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal tensional cellular homeostasis is now considered a hallmark of cancer. Despite this, the origin of this abnormality remains unclear. In this work, we investigated the role of tissue transglutaminase 2 (TG2, also known as TGM2), a protein associated with poor prognosis and increased metastatic potential, and its relationship to the EGF receptor in the regulation of the mechanical state of tumor cells. Remarkably, we observed a TG2-mediated modulation of focal adhesion composition as well as stiffness-induced FAK activation, which was linked with a distinctive increase in cell contractility, in experiments using both pharmacological and shRNA-based approaches. Additionally, the increased contractility could be reproduced in non-malignant cells upon TG2 expression. Moreover, the increased cell contractility mediated by TG2 was largely due to the loss of EGFR-mediated inhibition of cell contractility. These findings establish intracellular TG2 as a regulator of cellular tensional homeostasis and suggest the existence of signaling switches that control the contribution of growth factor receptors in determining the mechanical state of a cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francois Bordeleau
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center (Oncology division), Université Laval Cancer Research Center and Faculty of Medecine, Université Laval, Québec G1R 3S3, Canada .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Alysha Simmons
- Pathobiology Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Marc A Antonyak
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Richard A Cerione
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bogetofte H, Jensen P, Okarmus J, Schmidt SI, Agger M, Ryding M, Nørregaard P, Fenger C, Zeng X, Graakjær J, Ryan BJ, Wade-Martins R, Larsen MR, Meyer M. Perturbations in RhoA signalling cause altered migration and impaired neuritogenesis in human iPSC-derived neural cells with PARK2 mutation. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 132:104581. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
|
8
|
Bharadwaj R, Arya R, Shahid mansuri M, Bhattacharya S, Bhattacharya A. EhRho1 regulates plasma membrane blebbing through PI3 kinase inEntamoeba histolytica. Cell Microbiol 2017; 19. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Bharadwaj
- School of Biotechnology; Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi India
| | - Ranjana Arya
- School of Biotechnology; Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi India
| | | | - Sudha Bhattacharya
- School of environmental Sciences; Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi India
| | - Alok Bhattacharya
- School of Life Sciences; Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Maini J, Ghasemi M, Yandhuri D, Thakur SS, Brahmachari V. Human PRE-PIK3C2B, an intronic cis-element with dual function of activation and repression. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2016; 1860:196-204. [PMID: 27932267 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The Polycomb/Trithorax Responsive Elements (PRE/TREs) are the cis-regulatory sequences that interact with both repressive (PcG) as well as activating (TrxG) complexes. However, most of the mammalian PREs are demonstrated to interact with the repressive polycomb (PcG) complexes only. We have carried out an unbiased search for proteins interacting with human PRE-PIK3C2B (hPRE-PIK3C2B) based on DNA affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry and identified MLL, MLL4 and WDR87 among other proteins in three biological replicates in HEK, U87 and HeLa cell lines. The hPRE-PIK3C2B interacts with the members of multiple activating complexes (COMPASS-like). The increase in the interaction of MLL and MLL4 on depletion of YY1 and the increase in the enrichment of YY1 and EZH2 upon MLL knockdown at the hPRE-PIK3C2B indicate the dual occupancy and suggest a concentration dependent enrichment of the activator or the repressor complex at hPRE-PIK3C2B. Further, we show that the hPRE-PIK3C2B interacts with the Drosophila homologues of PcG and TrxG proteins in transgenic flies. Here, we found that there is an increased enrichment of Pc (Polycomb) in comparison to Trx (TrxG protein) at hPRE-PIK3C2B in the Drosophila transgenic flies and this seems to be the default state while the balance is tipped towards the trithorax complex in PcG mutants. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the early demonstrations of human PRE acting as a TRE without any sequence alteration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayant Maini
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Mohsen Ghasemi
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Deepti Yandhuri
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Habsiguda, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Suman S Thakur
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Habsiguda, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Vani Brahmachari
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Falasca M, Hamilton JR, Selvadurai M, Sundaram K, Adamska A, Thompson PE. Class II Phosphoinositide 3-Kinases as Novel Drug Targets. J Med Chem 2016; 60:47-65. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Falasca
- Metabolic
Signalling Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI Biosciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | - Justin R. Hamilton
- Australian
Centre for Blood Diseases and Department of Clinical Haematology, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Maria Selvadurai
- Australian
Centre for Blood Diseases and Department of Clinical Haematology, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Krithika Sundaram
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Aleksandra Adamska
- Metabolic
Signalling Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI Biosciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | - Philip E. Thompson
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Novel roles for class II Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase C2β in signalling pathways involved in prostate cancer cell invasion. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23277. [PMID: 26983806 PMCID: PMC4794650 DOI: 10.1038/srep23277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) regulate several cellular functions such as proliferation, growth, survival and migration. The eight PI3K isoforms are grouped into three classes and the three enzymes belonging to the class II subfamily (PI3K-C2α, β and γ) are the least investigated amongst all PI3Ks. Interest on these isoforms has been recently fuelled by the identification of specific physiological roles for class II PI3Ks and by accumulating evidence indicating their involvement in human diseases. While it is now established that these isoforms can regulate distinct cellular functions compared to other PI3Ks, there is still a limited understanding of the signalling pathways that can be specifically regulated by class II PI3Ks. Here we show that PI3K-C2β regulates mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK1/2) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) activation in prostate cancer (PCa) cells. We further demonstrate that MEK/ERK and PI3K-C2β are required for PCa cell invasion but not proliferation. In addition we show that PI3K-C2β but not MEK/ERK regulates PCa cell migration as well as expression of the transcription factor Slug. These data identify novel signalling pathways specifically regulated by PI3K-C2β and they further identify this enzyme as a key regulator of PCa cell migration and invasion.
Collapse
|
12
|
Luo W, Hu L, Li W, Xu G, Xu L, Zhang C, Wang F. Epo inhibits the fibrosis and migration of Müller glial cells induced by TGF-β and high glucose. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2016; 254:881-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s00417-016-3290-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
|
13
|
Mousel MR, Reynolds JO, White SN. Genome-Wide Association Identifies SLC2A9 and NLN Gene Regions as Associated with Entropion in Domestic Sheep. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128909. [PMID: 26098909 PMCID: PMC4476619 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Entropion is an inward rolling of the eyelid allowing contact between the eyelashes and cornea that may lead to blindness if not corrected. Although many mammalian species, including humans and dogs, are afflicted by congenital entropion, no specific genes or gene regions related to development of entropion have been reported in any mammalian species to date. Entropion in domestic sheep is known to have a genetic component therefore, we used domestic sheep as a model system to identify genomic regions containing genes associated with entropion. A genome-wide association was conducted with congenital entropion in 998 Columbia, Polypay, and Rambouillet sheep genotyped with 50,000 SNP markers. Prevalence of entropion was 6.01%, with all breeds represented. Logistic regression was performed in PLINK with additive allelic, recessive, dominant, and genotypic inheritance models. Two genome-wide significant (empirical P<0.05) SNP were identified, specifically markers in SLC2A9 (empirical P = 0.007; genotypic model) and near NLN (empirical P = 0.026; dominance model). Six additional genome-wide suggestive SNP (nominal P<1x10-5) were identified including markers in or near PIK3CB (P = 2.22x10-6; additive model), KCNB1 (P = 2.93x10-6; dominance model), ZC3H12C (P = 3.25x10-6; genotypic model), JPH1 (P = 4.68x20-6; genotypic model), and MYO3B (P = 5.74x10-6; recessive model). This is the first report of specific gene regions associated with congenital entropion in any mammalian species, to our knowledge. Further, none of these genes have previously been associated with any eyelid traits. These results represent the first genome-wide analysis of gene regions associated with entropion and provide target regions for the development of sheep genetic markers for marker-assisted selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R. Mousel
- Range Sheep Production Efficiency Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Department of Agriculture, Dubois, ID, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - James O. Reynolds
- Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Department of Agriculture, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Stephen N. White
- Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Department of Agriculture, Pullman, WA, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Rac and PI3Ks are intracellular signal transducers able to regulate multiple signaling pathways fundamental for cell behavior. PI3Ks are lipid kinases that produce phosphorylated lipids which, in turn, transduce extracellular cues within the cell, while Rac is a small G protein that impacts on actin organization. Compelling evidence indicates that in multiple circumstances the 2 signaling pathways appear intermingled. For instance, phosphorylated lipids produced by PI3Ks recruit and activate GEF and GAP proteins, key modulators of Rac function. Conversely, PI3Ks interact with activated Rac, leading to Rac signaling amplification. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms underlying the cross-talk between Rac and PI3K signaling in 2 different processes, cell migration and ROS production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo C Campa
- a Molecular Biotechnology Center; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences; University of Torino ; Torino , Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gupta M, Qi X, Thakur V, Manor D. Tyrosine phosphorylation of Dbl regulates GTPase signaling. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:17195-202. [PMID: 24778185 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.573782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho GTPases are molecular "switches" that cycle between "on" (GTP-bound) and "off" (GDP-bound) states and regulate numerous cellular activities such as gene expression, protein synthesis, cytoskeletal rearrangements, and metabolic responses. Dysregulation of GTPases is a key feature of many diseases, especially cancers. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) of the Dbl family are activated by mitogenic cell surface receptors and activate the Rho family GTPases Cdc42, Rac1, and RhoA. The molecular mechanisms that regulate GEFs from the Dbl family are poorly understood. Our studies reveal that Dbl is phosphorylated on tyrosine residues upon stimulation by growth factors and that this event is critical for the regulated activation of the GEF. These findings uncover a novel layer of complexity in the physiological regulation of this protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghana Gupta
- From the Departments of Pharmacology, and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Xiaojun Qi
- Nutrition, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Varsha Thakur
- Nutrition, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Danny Manor
- From the Departments of Pharmacology, and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Huang W, Zhu X. Correlation between PDGFs and their receptor and liver fibrosis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2013; 21:773-778. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v21.i9.773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis occurs as a result of various injurious processes and is the common pathologic basis for all chronic hepatic diseases. Platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) are homodimers or heterodimers consisting of two polypeptide chains. Previous studies have proved that PDGFs are closely related to the occurrence and development of liver fibrosis. In this article, we review the advances in research on the role of PDGFs and their receptor in pathogenesis and therapy of liver fibrosis.
Collapse
|