1
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Kwon HJ. Knockdown of vitamin D receptor affects early stages of pectoral fin development in zebrafish. Anat Histol Embryol 2024; 53:e13044. [PMID: 38695121 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.13044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The vitamin D receptor (VDR) signalling has been implicated in vertebrate limb or fin formation. However, the involvement of VDR signalling in the early stages of limb/fin development remains to be elucidated. In this study, the role of VDR signalling in pectoral fin development was investigated in zebrafish embryos. Knockdown of vdr induced the severe impairment of pectoral fin development. The zebrafish larvae lacking vdr exhibited reduced pectoral fins with no skeletal elements. In situ hybridization revealed depletion of vdr downregulated fibroblast growth factor 24 (fgf24), a marker of early pectoral fin bud mesenchyme, in the presumptive fin field even before fin buds were visible. Moreover, a perturbed expression pattern of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (bmp4), a marker of the pectoral fin fold, was observed in the developing fin buds of zebrafish embryos that lost the vdr function. These findings suggest that VDR signalling is crucial in the early stages of fin development, potentially influencing the process by regulating other signalling molecules such as Fgf24 and Bmp4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Joo Kwon
- University of Utah Asia Campus, Incheon, South Korea
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2
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Zhang Y, Zhou XQ, Jiang WD, Wu P, Liu Y, Ren HM, Zhang L, Mi HF, Tang L, Zhong CB, Feng L. Emerging role of vitamin D 3 in alleviating intestinal structure injury caused by Aeromonas hydrophila in grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella). ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 16:202-217. [PMID: 38362511 PMCID: PMC10867611 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens destroy the structural integrity of functional organs in fish, leading to severe challenges in the aquaculture industry. Vitamin D3 (VD3) prevents bacterial infections and strengthens immune system function via vitamin D receptor (VDR). However, the correlation between VD3/VDR and the structural integrity of functional organs remains unclarified. This study aimed to investigate the influence of VD3 supplementation on histological characteristics, apoptosis, and tight junction characteristics in fish intestine during pathogen infection. A total of 540 healthy grass carp (257.24 ± 0.63 g) were fed different levels of VD3 (15.2, 364.3, 782.5, 1,167.9, 1,573.8, and 1,980.1 IU/kg) for 70 d. Subsequently, fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila, a pathogen that causes intestinal inflammation. Our present study demonstrated that optimal supplementation with VD3 (1) alleviated intestinal structural damage, and inhibited oxidative damage by reducing levels of oxidative stress biomarkers; (2) attenuated excessive apoptosis-related death receptor and mitochondrial pathway processes in relation to p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling (P < 0.05); (3) enhanced tight junction protein expression by inhibiting myosin light chain kinase signaling (P < 0.05); and (4) elevated VDR isoform expression in fish intestine (P < 0.05). Overall, the results demonstrated that VD3 alleviates oxidative injury, apoptosis, and the destruction of tight junction protein under pathogenic infection, thereby strengthening pathogen defenses in the intestine. This finding supports the rationale for VD3 intervention as an essential practice in sustainable aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong-Mei Ren
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Tongwei Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Hai-Feng Mi
- Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Tongwei Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng-Bo Zhong
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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3
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Valiente-Gabioud AA, Garteizgogeascoa Suñer I, Idziak A, Fabritius A, Basquin J, Angibaud J, Nägerl UV, Singh SP, Griesbeck O. Fluorescent sensors for imaging of interstitial calcium. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6220. [PMID: 37798285 PMCID: PMC10556026 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41928-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium in interstitial fluids is central to systemic physiology and a crucial ion pool for entry into cells through numerous plasma membrane channels. Its study has been limited by the scarcity of methods that allow monitoring in tight inter-cell spaces of living tissues. Here we present high performance ultra-low affinity genetically encoded calcium biosensors named GreenT-ECs. GreenT-ECs combine large fluorescence changes upon calcium binding and binding affinities (Kds) ranging from 0.8 mM to 2.9 mM, making them tuned to calcium concentrations in extracellular organismal fluids. We validated GreenT-ECs in rodent hippocampal neurons and transgenic zebrafish in vivo, where the sensors enabled monitoring homeostatic regulation of tissue interstitial calcium. GreenT-ECs may become useful for recording very large calcium transients and for imaging calcium homeostasis in inter-cell structures in live tissues and organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel A Valiente-Gabioud
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Tools for Bio-Imaging, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Inés Garteizgogeascoa Suñer
- Institute de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), 808 Route de Lennik, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Agata Idziak
- Institut Interdisciplinaire de Neurosciences, Synaptic Plasticity and Super-Resolution Microscopy, CNRS - Université de Bordeaux - 146 rue Léo-Saignat, Bordeaux, France
| | - Arne Fabritius
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Tools for Bio-Imaging, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jérome Basquin
- Structural Cell Biology, Max-Planck-Institute for Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, Martinsried, 82152, Germany
| | - Julie Angibaud
- Institut Interdisciplinaire de Neurosciences, Synaptic Plasticity and Super-Resolution Microscopy, CNRS - Université de Bordeaux - 146 rue Léo-Saignat, Bordeaux, France
| | - U Valentin Nägerl
- Institut Interdisciplinaire de Neurosciences, Synaptic Plasticity and Super-Resolution Microscopy, CNRS - Université de Bordeaux - 146 rue Léo-Saignat, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sumeet Pal Singh
- Institute de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), 808 Route de Lennik, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Oliver Griesbeck
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Tools for Bio-Imaging, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany.
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Zhang Y, Li C, Zhou X, Jiang W, Wu P, Liu Y, Ren H, Zhang L, Mi H, Tang J, Zhang R, Feng L. Implications of vitamin D for flesh quality of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella): antioxidant ability, nutritional value, sensory quality, and myofiber characteristics. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:134. [PMID: 37759314 PMCID: PMC10523690 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00911-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle represents a unique and complex system with many components and comprises the major edible part of animals. Vitamin D is a critical nutrient for animals and is known to enhance calcium absorption and immune response. In recent years, dietary vitamin D supplementation in livestock has received increased attention due to biological responses including improving shear force in mammalian meat. However, the vitamin D acquisition and myofiber development processes in fish differ from those in mammals, and the effect of vitamin D on fish flesh quality is poorly understood. Here, the influence of dietary vitamin D on fillet quality, antioxidant ability, and myofiber development was examined in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). METHODS A total of 540 healthy grass carp, with an initial average body weight of 257.24 ± 0.63 g, were allotted in 6 experimental groups with 3 replicates each, and respectively fed corresponding diets with 15.2, 364.3, 782.5, 1,167.9, 1,573.8, and 1,980.1 IU/kg vitamin D for 70 d. RESULTS Supplementation with 1,167.9 IU/kg vitamin D significantly improved nutritional value and sensory quality of fillets, enhancing crude protein, free amino acid, lipid, and collagen contents; maintaining an ideal pH; and reducing lactate content, shear force, and cooking loss relative to respective values in the control (15.2 IU/kg) group. Average myofiber diameter and the frequency of myofibers > 50 μm in diameter increased under supplementation with 782.5-1,167.9 IU/kg vitamin D. Levels of oxidative damage biomarkers decreased, and the expression of antioxidant enzymes and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 signaling molecules was upregulated in the 1,167.9 IU/kg vitamin D treatment compared to respective values in the control group. Furthermore, vitamin D supplementation activated cell differentiation by enhancing the expression of myogenic regulatory factors and myocyte enhancer factors compared to that in the control group. In addition, supplementation with 1,167.9 IU/kg vitamin D improved protein deposition associated with protein synthesis molecule (target of rapamycin) signaling and vitamin D receptor paralogs, along with inhibition of protein degradation (forkhead box protein 1) signaling. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the results demonstrated that vitamin D strengthened antioxidant ability and myofiber development, thereby enhancing nutritional value and sensory quality of fish flesh. These findings suggest that dietary vitamin D supplementation is conducive to the production of nutrient-rich, high quality aquaculture products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Chaonan Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Weidan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hongmei Ren
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Tongwei Co., Ltd., Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Haifeng Mi
- Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Tongwei Co., Ltd., Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiayong Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruinan Zhang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Song YJ, Zhang J, Xiao J, Feng H, Xu Z, Nie P, Chang MX. Piscine Vitamin D Receptors Vdra/Vdrb in the Absence of Vitamin D Are Utilized by Grass Carp Reovirus for Promoting Viral Replication. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0128723. [PMID: 37466438 PMCID: PMC10433867 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01287-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The vitamin D receptor (VDR) plays a pivotal role in the biological actions of vitamin D (VitD). However, little is known about the functions of VDR in the production of viral inclusion bodies (VIBs). Using a representative strain of grass carp reovirus (GCRV) genotype I, GCRV-873, we show that GCRV-873 recruits grass carp Vdrs for promoting the production of VIBs in the absence of VitD. Inhibition of cholesterol synthesis by lovastatin impairs the production of VIBs and blocks the effects of grass carp Vdrs in promoting the production of VIBs in the absence of VitD. Furthermore, grass carp Vdrs are found to form the Vdra-Vdrb heterodimer, which is vital for 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (hmgcr)-dependent cholesterol synthesis and GCRV replication. Intriguingly in the presence of VitD, grass carp Vdra but not Vdrb forms the heterodimer with the retinoid X receptor beta b (Rxrbb), which induces the transcription of those genes involved in the RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) antiviral signaling pathway for inhibiting GCRV infection. Furthermore, the VitD-activated Vdra-Vdrb heterodimer attenuates the transcription of the RLR antiviral signaling pathway induced by VitD. In the presence of VitD, a balance between the Vdra-Rxrbb heterodimers as coactivators and Vdra-Vdrb heterodimers as corepressors in affecting the transcriptional regulation of the RLR antiviral signaling pathway may eventually determine the outcome of GCRV infection. Transfection with VitD can abolish the effect of grass carp Vdrs in promoting GCRV replication in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that GCRV utilizes host Vdrs to increase hmgcr-dependent cholesterol synthesis for promoting its replication, which can be prevented by VitD treatment. IMPORTANCE Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) is the causative agent of grass carp hemorrhagic disease, which seriously harms freshwater fish. Although many positive or negative regulators of GCRV infection have been identified in teleosts, little is known about the molecular mechanisms by which GCRV utilizes host factors to generate its infectious compartments beneficial for viral replication and infection. Here, we show that in the absence of VitD, the GCRV-873 strain utilizes host vitamin D receptors Vdra/Vdrb to increase hmgcr-dependent cholesterol synthesis for promoting the production of VIBs, which are important functional sites for aquareovirus replication and assembly. The negative regulation of Vdrs during viral infection can be prevented by VitD treatment. Thus, this present work broadens understanding of the pivotal roles of Vdrs in the interaction between the host and GCRV in the absence or presence of VitD, which might provide a rational basis for developing novel anti-GCRV strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jie Song
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Pin Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Xian Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Zhang Y, Zhou XQ, Jiang WD, Wu P, Liu Y, Ren HM, Jin XW, Feng L. Vitamin D Promotes Mucosal Barrier System of Fish Skin Infected with Aeromonas hydrophila through Multiple Modulation of Physical and Immune Protective Capacity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11243. [PMID: 37511003 PMCID: PMC10379486 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate mucosal barrier comprises physical and immune elements, as well as bioactive molecules, that protect organisms from pathogens. Vitamin D is a vital nutrient for animals and is involved in immune responses against invading pathogens. However, the effect of vitamin D on the mucosal barrier system of fish, particularly in the skin, remains unclear. Here, we elucidated the effect of vitamin D supplementation (15.2, 364.3, 782.5, 1167.9, 1573.8, and 1980.1 IU/kg) on the mucosal barrier system in the skin of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. Dietary vitamin D supplementation (1) alleviated A. hydrophila-induced skin lesions and inhibited oxidative damage by reducing levels of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and protein carbonyl; (2) improved the activities and transcription levels of antioxidant-related parameters and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 signaling; (3) attenuated cell apoptosis by decreasing the mRNA and protein levels of apoptosis factors involved death receptor and mitochondrial pathway processes related to p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling; (4) improved tight junction protein expression by inhibiting myosin light-chain kinase signaling; and (5) enhanced immune barrier function by promoting antibacterial compound and immunoglobulin production, downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, and upregulating anti-inflammatory cytokines expression, which was correlated with nuclear factor kappa B and the target of rapamycin signaling pathways. Vitamin D intervention for mucosal barrier via multiple signaling correlated with vitamin D receptor a. Overall, these results indicate that vitamin D supplementation enhanced the skin mucosal barrier system against pathogen infection, improving the physical and immune barriers in fish. This finding highlights the viability of vitamin D in supporting sustainable aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611100, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611100, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611100, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611100, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611100, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611100, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611100, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611100, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611100, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611100, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611100, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611100, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611100, China
| | - Hong-Mei Ren
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611100, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611100, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611100, China
| | - Xiao-Wan Jin
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611100, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611100, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611100, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611100, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611100, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611100, China
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7
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Liu R, Lu Y, Peng X, Jia J, Ruan Y, Shi S, Shu T, Li T, Jin X, Zhai G, He J, Lou Q, Yin Z. Enhanced insulin activity achieved in VDRa/b ablation zebrafish. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1054665. [PMID: 36864841 PMCID: PMC9972578 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1054665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25[OH]2VD3) is a hormone known for its key roles in calcium absorption and nutrient metabolism. In teleost fishes, 1α,25(OH)2VD3 insufficiency causes impaired glucose metabolism and lipid oxidation. However, the cascade and mechanisms of 1α,25(OH)2VD3 and the vitamin d receptor (VDR) signaling are unclear. RESULTS In this study, two genes (vdra and vdrb) encoding paralogs of VDRs were genetically knocked out in zebrafish. Growth retardation and accumulated visceral adipose tissue have been observed in vdra -/-;vdrb -/- deficient line. In the liver elevated accumulation of triglycerides and suppressed lipid oxidation were detected. Morover significantly elevated 1α,25(OH)2VD3 levels were detected in vdra-/-;vdrb-/- zebrafish due to cyp24a1 transcription repression. Furthermore VDRs ablation Enhanced insulin signaling including elevated insulin/insra trancriptional levels, glycolysis, lipogenesis and promoted AKT/mTOR activity. DISCUSSION In conclusion, our present studies provides a zebrafish model with an elevated 1α,25(OH)2VD3 levels in vivo. The 1α,25(OH)2VD3/VDRs signaling promote lipid oxidation activity. However 1α,25(OH)2VD3 activity of regulation of glucose homeostasis through Insulin/Insr was independent of nuclear VDRs in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuyan Peng
- The Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zheng Zhou, China
| | - Jingyi Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yonglin Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengchi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiangyan He
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiyong Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Qiyong Lou,
| | - Zhan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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8
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Knockdown of vitamin D receptor genes impairs touch-evoked escape behavior in zebrafish. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/exp.2021.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Vitamin D is a steroid hormone well-known for its role in calcium homeostasis and bone health. Biological actions of vitamin D are mediated through the vitamin D receptor (VDR) present in various cells and tissues. Vitamin D has been implicated in multiple aspects of neuromuscular functions. This study aimed to investigate the role of VDR signaling during early stage of locomotor development utilizing a gene knockdown approach. Zebrafish larvae deficient in VDR showed severe motor impairment and no obvious response to touch. These results indicate that VDR signaling is indispensable for the correct neuromuscular development and touch-evoked escape swimming behavior in zebrafish.
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Marí-Beffa M, Mesa-Román AB, Duran I. Zebrafish Models for Human Skeletal Disorders. Front Genet 2021; 12:675331. [PMID: 34490030 PMCID: PMC8418114 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.675331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2019, the Nosology Committee of the International Skeletal Dysplasia Society provided an updated version of the Nosology and Classification of Genetic Skeletal Disorders. This is a reference list of recognized diseases in humans and their causal genes published to help clinician diagnosis and scientific research advances. Complementary to mammalian models, zebrafish has emerged as an interesting species to evaluate chemical treatments against these human skeletal disorders. Due to its versatility and the low cost of experiments, more than 80 models are currently available. In this article, we review the state-of-art of this “aquarium to bedside” approach describing the models according to the list provided by the Nosology Committee. With this, we intend to stimulate research in the appropriate direction to efficiently meet the actual needs of clinicians under the scope of the Nosology Committee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Marí-Beffa
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, IBIMA, Málaga, Spain.,Networking Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ana B Mesa-Román
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ivan Duran
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, IBIMA, Málaga, Spain.,Networking Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
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10
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Dave PH, Kwong RWM. Cadmium exposure reduces the density of a specific ionocyte subtype in developing zebrafish. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 244:125535. [PMID: 32050336 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the effects of waterborne cadmium (Cd) exposure on ionic balance and ionocyte density in developing zebrafish (Danio rerio) (0-4 days post-fertilization). Fish exposed to 1 or 10 μg Cd/L exhibited an increase in whole body Cd level. Exposure to 10 μg Cd/L also significantly reduced whole body content of Ca2+, but not other major ions (e.g., Na+, K+ and Mg2+). Such reduction was accompanied by a decrease in the density of Ca2+-transporting ionocytes, the Na+/K+-ATPase-rich cells (NaRCs). However, the densities of other ionocyte subtypes (e.g., Na+-transporting ionocytes) remained unchanged after exposure to 10 μg Cd/L. The potential interactive effects between water chemistry and Cd exposure on ionocyte density were examined further in Cd-exposed larvae acclimated to different water NaCl or Ca2+ levels. The results demonstrated that NaRC density increased in fish acclimated to low Ca2+ water, presumably increasing Ca2+ uptake for maintaining Ca2+ homeostasis. However, Cd exposure completely abolished the increased NaRC density in low water Ca2+ environments. The increased NaRCs over development was also reduced in Cd-exposed larvae. In conclusion, our study suggested that Cd exposure reduces the density of NaRCs and suppresses the compensatory regulation of NaRCs during acclimation to low water Ca2+ level. These inhibitory effects by Cd exposure ultimately disrupt Ca2+ balance in the early life stages of zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti H Dave
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Liang ST, Chen JR, Tsai JJ, Lai YH, Hsiao CD. Overexpression of Notch Signaling Induces Hyperosteogeny in Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153613. [PMID: 31344827 PMCID: PMC6696610 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling is one of the evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways in multicellular organisms. It plays an important role in embryonic development. During skeletal development of vertebrates, it regulates bone homeostasis by manipulating both osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis through different mechanisms. However, due to the different nature of Notch signaling in mesenchymal stem cell and osteoblast, regulation of Notch signaling in bone-related diseases remains unsettled. Previous studies by cell culture and mouse models showed contradictory results regarding the role of Notch signaling in bone homeostasis. To clarify the role of Notch signaling in osteogenesis, we established a zebrafish model, in which Notch1a intracellular domain (N1aICD) was specifically expressed in the osteoblasts. We found that overexpression of N1aICD in osteoblasts caused hyperosteogeny in the column region of zebrafish with the morphology of narrowed neural/hemal canals. Moreover, increased metabolic activity of osteoblasts instead of augmenting osteoblast number led to hyperosteogeny in N1aICD-overexpressed zebrafish. In summary, we successfully established a transgenic zebrafish line overexpressing N1aICD to clarify the in-vivo function of Notch signaling during osteoblastogenesis. In the future, this fish line can serve as a valuable tool to test the therapeutic drugs for hyperosteogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Tzu Liang
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Ren Chen
- Department of Biological Science & Technology College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Jie Tsai
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Heng Lai
- Department of Chemistry, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11114, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Der Hsiao
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan.
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan.
- Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan.
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12
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Vitamin D Receptor Signaling Regulates Craniofacial Cartilage Development in Zebrafish. J Dev Biol 2019; 7:jdb7020013. [PMID: 31234506 PMCID: PMC6630938 DOI: 10.3390/jdb7020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D plays essential roles in supporting the skeletal system. The active form of vitamin D functions through the vitamin D receptor (VDR). A hereditary vitamin-D-resistant rickets with facial dysmorphism has been reported, but the involvement of VDR signaling during early stages of craniofacial development remains to be elucidated. The present study investigated whether VDR signaling is implicated in zebrafish craniofacial cartilage development using a morpholino-based knockdown approach. Two paralogous VDR genes, vdra and vdrb, have been found in zebrafish embryos. Loss-of-vdra has no discernible effect on cartilage elements, whereas loss-of-vdrb causes reduction and malformation of craniofacial cartilages. Disrupting both vdra and vdrb leads to more severe defects or complete loss of cartilage. Notably, knockdown of vdrb results in elevated expression of follistatin a (fsta), a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist, in the adjacent pharyngeal endoderm. Taken together, these findings strongly indicate that VDR signaling is required for early craniofacial cartilage development in zebrafish.
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Han Y, Chen A, Umansky KB, Oonk KA, Choi WY, Dickson AL, Ou J, Cigliola V, Yifa O, Cao J, Tornini VA, Cox BD, Tzahor E, Poss KD. Vitamin D Stimulates Cardiomyocyte Proliferation and Controls Organ Size and Regeneration in Zebrafish. Dev Cell 2019; 48:853-863.e5. [PMID: 30713073 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Attaining proper organ size during development and regeneration hinges on the activity of mitogenic factors. Here, we performed a large-scale chemical screen in embryonic zebrafish to identify cardiomyocyte mitogens. Although commonly considered anti-proliferative, vitamin D analogs like alfacalcidol had rapid, potent mitogenic effects on embryonic and adult cardiomyocytes in vivo. Moreover, pharmacologic or genetic manipulation of vitamin D signaling controlled proliferation in multiple adult cell types and dictated growth rates in embryonic and juvenile zebrafish. Tissue-specific modulation of vitamin D receptor (VDR) signaling had organ-restricted effects, with cardiac VDR activation causing cardiomegaly. Alfacalcidol enhanced the regenerative response of injured zebrafish hearts, whereas VDR blockade inhibited regeneration. Alfacalcidol activated cardiac expression of genes associated with ErbB2 signaling, while ErbB2 inhibition blunted its effects on cell proliferation. Our findings identify vitamin D as mitogenic for cardiomyocytes and other cell types in zebrafish and indicate a mechanism to regulate organ size and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchao Han
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Anzhi Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kfir-Baruch Umansky
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Kelsey A Oonk
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Wen-Yee Choi
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Amy L Dickson
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jianhong Ou
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Valentina Cigliola
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Oren Yifa
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Jingli Cao
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Valerie A Tornini
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ben D Cox
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Eldad Tzahor
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Kenneth D Poss
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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14
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Temperature-dependent vitamin D signaling regulates developmental trajectory associated with diapause in an annual killifish. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:12763-12768. [PMID: 30446615 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1804590115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms that integrate environmental signals into developmental programs remain largely uncharacterized. Nuclear receptors (NRs) are ligand-regulated transcription factors that orchestrate the expression of complex phenotypes. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is an NR activated by 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], a hormone derived from 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC). VDR signaling is best known for regulating calcium homeostasis in mammals, but recent evidence suggests a diversity of uncharacterized roles. In response to incubation temperature, embryos of the annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus can develop along two alternative trajectories: active development and diapause. These trajectories diverge early in development, from a biochemical, morphological, and physiological perspective. We manipulated incubation temperature to induce the two trajectories and profiled changes in gene expression using RNA sequencing and weighted gene coexpression network analysis. We report that transcripts involved in 1,25(OH)2D3 synthesis and signaling are expressed in a trajectory-specific manner. Furthermore, exposure of embryos to vitamin D3 analogs and Δ4-dafachronic acid directs continuous development under diapause-inducing conditions. Conversely, blocking synthesis of 1,25(OH)2D3 induces diapause in A. limnaeus and a diapause-like state in zebrafish, suggesting vitamin D signaling is critical for normal vertebrate development. These data support vitamin D signaling as a molecular pathway that can regulate developmental trajectory and metabolic dormancy in a vertebrate. Interestingly, the VDR is homologous to the daf-12 and ecdysone NRs that regulate dormancy in Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila We suggest that 7-DHC-derived hormones and their associated NRs represent a conserved pathway for the integration of environmental information into developmental programs associated with life history transitions in animals.
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15
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Cortes M, Chen MJ, Stachura DL, Liu SY, Kwan W, Wright F, Vo LT, Theodore LN, Esain V, Frost IM, Schlaeger TM, Goessling W, Daley GQ, North TE. Developmental Vitamin D Availability Impacts Hematopoietic Stem Cell Production. Cell Rep 2017; 17:458-468. [PMID: 27705794 PMCID: PMC5338633 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D insufficiency is a worldwide epidemic affecting billions of individuals, including pregnant women and children. Despite its high incidence, the impact of active vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)D3) on embryonic development beyond osteo-regulation remains largely undefined. Here, we demonstrate that 1,25(OH)D3 availability modulates zebrafish hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) production. Loss of Cyp27b1-mediated biosynthesis or vitamin D receptor (VDR) function by gene knockdown resulted in significantly reduced runx1 expression and Flk1+cMyb+ HSPC numbers. Selective modulation in vivo and in vitro in zebrafish indicated that vitamin D3 acts directly on HSPCs, independent of calcium regulation, to increase proliferation. Notably, ex vivo treatment of human HSPCs with 1,25(OH)D3 also enhanced hematopoietic colony numbers, illustrating conservation across species. Finally, gene expression and epistasis analysis indicated that CXCL8 (IL-8) was a functional target of vitamin D3-mediated HSPC regulation. Together, these findings highlight the relevance of developmental 1,25(OH)D3 availability for definitive hematopoiesis and suggest potential therapeutic utility in HSPC expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Cortes
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - David L Stachura
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Chico, Chico, CA 95929, USA
| | - Sarah Y Liu
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Wanda Kwan
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Francis Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Chico, Chico, CA 95929, USA
| | - Linda T Vo
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lindsay N Theodore
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Virginie Esain
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Isaura M Frost
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Wolfram Goessling
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - George Q Daley
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Trista E North
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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16
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Guh YJ, Hwang PP. Insights into molecular and cellular mechanisms of hormonal actions on fish ion regulation derived from the zebrafish model. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 251:12-20. [PMID: 27554927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fish have sophisticated mechanisms of ionic and acid-base regulation for maintaining body fluid homeostasis. Many hormones have been proposed to control the ionic and acid-base regulation mechanisms in fishes; however, lots of the proposed actions lack convincing cellular/molecular evidence. With the advantages of available genetic databases and molecular manipulation techniques, zebrafish has become an emerging model for research into ion transport physiology and functional regulation. Different types of ionocytes were found to transport ions through various sets of ion transporters, and the molecular mechanisms of ionocyte proliferation and differentiation have also been dissected, providing a competent platform with which to precisely study the ion transport pathways and ionocytes targeted by hormones, including isotocin, prolactin, cortisol, stanniocalcin-1, calcitonin, endothelin-1, vitamin D, parathyroid hormone 1, catecholamines, the renin-angiotensin-system, estrogen-related receptor α, and calcitonin gene-related peptide, which have been demonstrated to positively or negatively regulate ion transport through specific receptors at different molecular levels (transcriptional, translational, or posttranslational) or at different developmental stages of ionocytes (proliferation or differentiation). The knowledge obtained in zebrafish not only enhances our understanding of the hormonal control of fish ion regulation, but also informs studies on other animal species, thereby providing insights into related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jey Guh
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Pung-Pung Hwang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
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17
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Janik S, Nowak U, Łaszkiewicz A, Satyr A, Majkowski M, Marchwicka A, Śnieżewski Ł, Berkowska K, Gabryś M, Cebrat M, Marcinkowska E. Diverse Regulation of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Expression by 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D and ATRA in Murine and Human Blood Cells at Early Stages of Their Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2017. [PMID: 28635660 PMCID: PMC5486144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is present in multiple blood cells, and the hormonal form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D) is essential for the proper functioning of the immune system. The role of retinoic acid receptor α (RARα) in hematopoiesis is very important, as the fusion of RARα gene with PML gene initiates acute promyelocytic leukemia where differentiation of the myeloid lineage is blocked, followed by an uncontrolled proliferation of leukemic blasts. RARα takes part in regulation of VDR transcription, and unliganded RARα acts as a transcriptional repressor to VDR gene in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. This is why we decided to examine the effects of the combination of 1,25D and all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) on VDR gene expression in normal human and murine blood cells at various steps of their development. We tested the expression of VDR and regulation of this gene in response to 1,25D or ATRA, as well as transcriptional activities of nuclear receptors VDR and RARs in human and murine blood cells. We discovered that regulation of VDR expression in humans is different from in mice. In human blood cells at early stages of their differentiation ATRA, but not 1,25D, upregulates the expression of VDR. In contrast, in murine blood cells 1,25D, but not ATRA, upregulates the expression of VDR. VDR and RAR receptors are present and transcriptionally active in blood cells of both species, especially at early steps of blood development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Janik
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Department of Tumor Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Urszula Nowak
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Łaszkiewicz
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Department of Tumor Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Anastasiia Satyr
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Michał Majkowski
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Department of Tumor Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Marchwicka
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Śnieżewski
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Department of Tumor Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Klaudia Berkowska
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Marian Gabryś
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wrocław Medical University, Chałubińskiego 3, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Cebrat
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Department of Tumor Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Ewa Marcinkowska
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
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Development of a Whole Organism Platform for Phenotype-Based Analysis of IGF1R-PI3K-Akt-Tor Action. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1994. [PMID: 28515443 PMCID: PMC5435685 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01687-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant regulation of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)/insulin (IIS)-PI3K-AKT-TOR signaling pathway is linked to major human diseases, and key components of this pathway are targets for therapeutic intervention. Current assays are molecular target- or cell culture-based platforms. Due to the great in vivo complexities inherited in this pathway, there is an unmet need for whole organism based assays. Here we report the development of a zebrafish transgenic line, Tg(igfbp5a:GFP), which faithfully reports the mitotic action of IGF1R-PI3K-Akt-Tor signaling in epithelial cells in real-time. This platform is well suited for high-throughput assays and real-time cell cycle analysis. Using this platform, the dynamics of epithelial cell proliferation in response to low [Ca2+] stress and the distinct roles of Torc1 and Torc2 were elucidated. The availability of Tg(igfbp5a:GFP) line provides a whole organism platform for phenotype-based discovery of novel players and inhibitors in the IIS-PI3K-Akt-Tor signaling pathway.
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Lin CH, Hu HJ, Hwang PP. Molecular Physiology of the Hypocalcemic Action of Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 in Zebrafish (Danio rerio). Endocrinology 2017; 158:1347-1358. [PMID: 28323996 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), a hormone required for phosphorus metabolism, was recently proposed to act on Ca2+ uptake; however, the available evidence of how FGF23 controls the body fluid Ca2+ homeostasis needs to be further clarified. The use of zebrafish as a model system revealed that FGF23 is specifically expressed in the corpuscles of Stannius (CS), an organ involved in Ca2+ homeostasis in fish, and that its expression is stimulated by ambient water with a high Ca2+ level. The overexpression of FGF23 inhibited Ca2+ uptake by downregulating the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of epithelium calcium channel. Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), which senses changes in extracellular Ca2+ levels and modulates calciotropic hormones in organs controlling Ca2+ homeostasis in vertebrates, was found to be coexpressed with FGF23 in the CS. In addition, upregulated expression of FGF23 mRNA was detected in morphants of stanniocalcin 1 (stc1, another hypocalcemic factor synthesized in the CS), and knockdown of CaSR suppressed such upregulation and enhanced Ca2+ uptake. Taken together, our data indicate that FGF23 functions as a hypocalcemic hormone in zebrafish and that the CaSR/STC1-FGF23 axis is involved in body fluid Ca2+ homeostasis in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hao Lin
- National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Huei-Jyun Hu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pung-Pung Hwang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, ROC
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Fatty Acid Oxidation in Zebrafish Adipose Tissue Is Promoted by 1α,25(OH) 2 D 3. Cell Rep 2017; 19:1444-1455. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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The Control of Calcium Metabolism in Zebrafish (Danio rerio). Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111783. [PMID: 27792163 PMCID: PMC5133784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish is an emerging model for the research of body fluid ionic homeostasis. In this review, we focus on current progress on the regulation of Ca2+ uptake in the context of Ca2+ sensing and hormonal regulation in zebrafish. Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase-rich cells (NaRCs), the specialized ionocytes in the embryonic skin and adult gills, play a dominant role in Ca2+ uptake in zebrafish. Transepithelial Ca2+ transport in NaRC, through apical epithelial Ca2+ channels (ECaC), basolateral plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA), and Na⁺/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX), is analogous to mammalian renal and intestinal Ca2+-absorption cells. Several hormones were demonstrated to differentially regulate Ca2+ uptake through modulating the expression of Ca2+ transporters and/or the proliferation/differentiation of NaRC in zebrafish. In addition, the counterbalance among these hormones is associated with the maintenance of body fluid Ca2+ homeostasis. Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is expressed in several hormone-secreting tissues in zebrafish, and activated CaSR differentially controls calciotropic hormones. The major principles of Ca2+ transport and the hormonal control appear to be conserved from zebrafish to other vertebrates including mammals. The new knowledge gained from zebrafish studies provides new insights into the related issues in vertebrates.
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Kwon HJ. Vitamin D receptor deficiency impairs inner ear development in zebrafish. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:994-8. [PMID: 27526995 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The biological actions of vitamin D are largely mediated through binding to the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a member of the nuclear hormone receptor family, which regulates gene expression in a wide variety of tissues and cells. Mutations in VDR gene have been implicated in ear disorders (hearing loss and balance disorder) but the mechanisms are not well established. In this study, to investigate the role of VDR in inner ear development, morpholino-mediated gene knockdown approaches were used in zebrafish model system. Two paralogs for VDR, vdra and vdrb, have been identified in zebrafish. Knockdown of vdra had no effect on ear development, whereas knockdown of vdrb displayed morphological ear defects including smaller otic vesicles with malformed semicircular canals and abnormal otoliths. Loss-of-vdrb resulted in down-regulation of pre-otic markers, pax8 and pax2a, indicating impairment of otic induction. Furthermore, zebrafish embryos lacking vdrb produced fewer sensory hair cells in the ears and showed disruption of balance and motor coordination. These data reveal that VDR signaling plays an important role in ear development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Joo Kwon
- Biology Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3258, United States; Biology Department, Princess Nourah University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
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Kwong RWM, Kumai Y, Perry SF. Neuroendocrine control of ionic balance in zebrafish. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2016; 234:40-6. [PMID: 27179885 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an emerging model for integrative physiological research. In this mini-review, we discuss recent advances in the neuroendocrine control of ionic balance in this species, and identify current knowledge gaps and issues that would benefit from further investigation. Zebrafish inhabit a hypo-ionic environment and therefore are challenged by a continual loss of ions to the water. To maintain ionic homeostasis, they must actively take up ions from the water and reduce passive ion loss. The adult gill or the skin of larvae are the primary sites of ionic regulation. Current models for the uptake of major ions in zebrafish incorporate at least three types of ion transporting cells (also called ionocytes); H(+)-ATPase-rich cells for Na(+) uptake, Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase-rich cells for Ca(2+) uptake, and Na(+)/Cl(-)-cotransporter expressing cells for both Na(+) and Cl(-) uptake. The precise molecular mechanisms regulating the paracellular loss of ions remain largely unknown. However, epithelial tight junction proteins, including claudins, are thought to play a critical role in reducing ion losses to the surrounding water. Using the zebrafish model, several key neuroendocrine factors were identified as regulators of epithelial ion movement, including the catecholamines (adrenaline and noradrenaline), cortisol, the renin-angiotensin system, parathyroid hormone and prolactin. Increasing evidence also suggests that gasotransmitters, such as H2S, are involved in regulating ion uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond W M Kwong
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Yusuke Kumai
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Steve F Perry
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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Lin CH, Kuan WC, Liao BK, Deng AN, Tseng DY, Hwang PP. Environmental and cortisol-mediated control of Ca(2+) uptake in tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). J Comp Physiol B 2016; 186:323-32. [PMID: 26857273 PMCID: PMC4791471 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-016-0963-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+ is a vital element for many physiological processes in vertebrates, including teleosts, which live in aquatic environments and acquire Ca2+ from their surroundings. Ionocytes within the adult gills or larval skin are critical sites for transcellular Ca2+ uptake in teleosts. The ionocytes of zebrafish were found to contain transcellular Ca2+ transporters, epithelial Ca2+ channel (ECaC), plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase 2 (PMCA2), and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger 1b (NCX1b), providing information about the molecular mechanism of transcellular Ca2+ transports mediated by ionocytes in fish. However, more evidence is required to establish whether or not a similar mechanism of transcellular Ca2+ transport also exists in others teleosts. In the present study, ecac, pmca2, and ncx1 were found to be expressed in the branchial ionocytes of tilapia, thereby providing further support for the mechanism of transcellular Ca2+ transport through ionocytes previously proposed for zebrafish. In addition, we also reveal that low Ca2+ water treatment of tilapia stimulates Ca2+ uptake and expression of ecac and cyp11b (the latter encodes a cortisol-synthesis enzyme). Treatment of tilapia with exogenous cortisol (20 mg/l) enhanced both Ca2+ influx and ecac expression. Therefore, increased cyp11b expression is suggested to enhance Ca2+ uptake capacity in tilapia exposed to low Ca2+ water. Furthermore, the application of cortisol receptor antagonists revealed that cortisol may regulate Ca2+ uptake through glucocorticoid and/or mineralocorticoid receptor (GR and/or MR) in tilapia. Taken together, the data suggest that cortisol may activate GR and/or MR to execute its hypercalcemic action by stimulating ecac expression in tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hao Lin
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Wei-Chun Kuan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan, 70005, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Bo-Kai Liao
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ang-Ni Deng
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Deng-Yu Tseng
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan, 70005, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Pung-Pung Hwang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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Kwon HJ. Vitamin D receptor signaling is required for heart development in zebrafish embryo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 470:575-578. [PMID: 26797277 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.01.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D has been found to be associated with cardiovascular diseases. However, the role of vitamin D in heart development during embryonic period is largely unknown. Vitamin D induces its genomic effects through its nuclear receptor, the vitamin D receptor (VDR). The present study investigated the role of VDR on heart development by antisense-mediated knockdown approaches in zebrafish model system. In zebrafish embryos, two distinct VDR genes (vdra and vdrb) have been identified. Knockdown of vdra has little effect on heart development, whereas disrupting vdrb gene causes various cardiac phenotypes, characterized by pericardial edema, slower heart rate and laterality defects. Depletion of both vdra and vdrb (vdra/b) produce additive, but not synergistic effects. To determine whether atrioventricular (AV) cardiomyocytes are properly organized in these embryos, the expression of bmp4, which marks the developing AV boundary at 48 h post-fertilization, was examined. Notably, vdra/b-deficient embryos display ectopic expression of bmp4 towards the ventricle or throughout atrial and ventricular chambers. Taken together, these results suggest that VDR signaling plays an essential role in heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Joo Kwon
- Biology Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX77843-3258, United States; Biology Department, Princess Nourah University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
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Saad M, Cavanaugh K, Verbueken E, Pype C, Casteleyn C, Van Ginneken C, Van Cruchten S. Xenobiotic metabolism in the zebrafish: a review of the spatiotemporal distribution, modulation and activity of Cytochrome P450 families 1 to 3. J Toxicol Sci 2016; 41:1-11. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.41.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moayad Saad
- Applied Veterinary Morphology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kate Cavanaugh
- Applied Veterinary Morphology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Evy Verbueken
- Applied Veterinary Morphology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Casper Pype
- Applied Veterinary Morphology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christophe Casteleyn
- Applied Veterinary Morphology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Chris Van Ginneken
- Applied Veterinary Morphology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Steven Van Cruchten
- Applied Veterinary Morphology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
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Cortes M, Liu SY, Kwan W, Alexa K, Goessling W, North TE. Accumulation of the Vitamin D Precursor Cholecalciferol Antagonizes Hedgehog Signaling to Impair Hemogenic Endothelium Formation. Stem Cell Reports 2015; 5:471-9. [PMID: 26365513 PMCID: PMC4624955 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are born from hemogenic endothelium in the dorsal aorta. Specification of this hematopoietic niche is regulated by a signaling axis using Hedgehog (Hh) and Notch, which culminates in expression of Runx1 in the ventral wall of the artery. Here, we demonstrate that the vitamin D precursor cholecalciferol (D3) modulates HSPC production by impairing hemogenic vascular niche formation. Accumulation of D3 through exogenous treatment or inhibition of Cyp2r1, the enzyme required for D3 25-hydroxylation, results in Hh pathway antagonism marked by loss of Gli-reporter activation, defects in vascular niche identity, and reduced HSPCs. Mechanistic studies indicated the effect was specific to D3, and not active 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3, acting on the extracellular sterol-binding domain of Smoothened. These findings highlight a direct impact of inefficient vitamin D synthesis on cell fate commitment and maturation in Hh-regulated tissues, which may have implications beyond hemogenic endothelium specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Cortes
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sarah Y Liu
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wanda Kwan
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kristen Alexa
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wolfram Goessling
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Trista E North
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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Kwong RWM, Perry SF. An Essential Role for Parathyroid Hormone in Gill Formation and Differentiation of Ion-Transporting Cells in Developing Zebrafish. Endocrinology 2015; 156:2384-94. [PMID: 25872007 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In vertebrates, parathyroid hormone (PTH) is important for skeletogenesis and Ca(2+) homeostasis. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms by which PTH regulates skeleton formation and Ca(2+) balance during early development. Using larval zebrafish as an in vivo model system, we determined that PTH1 regulates the differentiation of epithelial cells and the development of craniofacial cartilage. We demonstrated that translational gene knockdown of PTH1 decreased Ca(2+) uptake at 4 days after fertilization. We also observed that PTH1-deficient fish exhibited reduced numbers of epithelial Ca(2+) channel (ecac)-expressing cells, Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase-rich cells, and H(+)-ATPase-rich cells. Additionally, the density of epidermal stem cells was decreased substantially in the fish experiencing PTH1 knockdown. Knockdown of PTH1 caused a shortening of the jaw and impeded the development of branchial arches. Results from in situ hybridization suggested that the expression of collagen 2a1a (marker for proliferating chondrocytes) was substantially reduced in the cartilage that forms the jaw and branchial aches. Disorganization of chondrocytes in craniofacial cartilage also was observed in PTH1-deficient fish. The results of real-time PCR demonstrated that PTH1 morphants failed to express the transcription factor glial cell missing 2 (gcm2). Coinjection of PTH1 morpholino with gcm2 capped RNA rescued the phenotypes observed in the PTH1 morphants, suggesting that the defects in PTH1-deficient fish were caused, at least in part, by the suppression of gcm2. Taken together, the results of the present study reveal critical roles for PTH1 in promoting the differentiation of epidermal stem cells into mature ionocytes and cartilage formation during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond W M Kwong
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Steve F Perry
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
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Aceto J, Nourizadeh-Lillabadi R, Marée R, Dardenne N, Jeanray N, Wehenkel L, Aleström P, van Loon JJWA, Muller M. Zebrafish Bone and General Physiology Are Differently Affected by Hormones or Changes in Gravity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126928. [PMID: 26061167 PMCID: PMC4465622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Teleost fish such as zebrafish (Danio rerio) are increasingly used for physiological, genetic and developmental studies. Our understanding of the physiological consequences of altered gravity in an entire organism is still incomplete. We used altered gravity and drug treatment experiments to evaluate their effects specifically on bone formation and more generally on whole genome gene expression. By combining morphometric tools with an objective scoring system for the state of development for each element in the head skeleton and specific gene expression analysis, we confirmed and characterized in detail the decrease or increase of bone formation caused by a 5 day treatment (from 5dpf to 10 dpf) of, respectively parathyroid hormone (PTH) or vitamin D3 (VitD3). Microarray transcriptome analysis after 24 hours treatment reveals a general effect on physiology upon VitD3 treatment, while PTH causes more specifically developmental effects. Hypergravity (3g from 5dpf to 9 dpf) exposure results in a significantly larger head and a significant increase in bone formation for a subset of the cranial bones. Gene expression analysis after 24 hrs at 3g revealed differential expression of genes involved in the development and function of the skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine and cardiovascular systems. Finally, we propose a novel type of experimental approach, the "Reduced Gravity Paradigm", by keeping the developing larvae at 3g hypergravity for the first 5 days before returning them to 1g for one additional day. 5 days exposure to 3g during these early stages also caused increased bone formation, while gene expression analysis revealed a central network of regulatory genes (hes5, sox10, lgals3bp, egr1, edn1, fos, fosb, klf2, gadd45ba and socs3a) whose expression was consistently affected by the transition from hyper- to normal gravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Aceto
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration, GIGA- Research, University of Liège, B-4000, Liège, Sart-Tilman, Belgium
| | | | - Raphael Marée
- GIGA & Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nadia Dardenne
- Unité de soutien méth. en Biostatistique et Epidémiologie, University of Liège, B23, Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Jeanray
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration, GIGA- Research, University of Liège, B-4000, Liège, Sart-Tilman, Belgium
| | - Louis Wehenkel
- GIGA & Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Peter Aleström
- BasAM, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Vetbio, 0033 Dep, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jack J. W. A. van Loon
- DESC (Dutch Experiment Support Center), Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery / Oral Pathology, VU University Medical Center & Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- ESA-ESTEC, TEC-MMG, NL-2200 AG, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Muller
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration, GIGA- Research, University of Liège, B-4000, Liège, Sart-Tilman, Belgium
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Guh YJ, Lin CH, Hwang PP. Osmoregulation in zebrafish: ion transport mechanisms and functional regulation. EXCLI JOURNAL 2015; 14:627-59. [PMID: 26600749 PMCID: PMC4650948 DOI: 10.17179/excli2015-246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fish, like mammals, have to maintain their body fluid ionic and osmotic homeostasis through sophisticated iono-/osmoregulation mechanisms, which are conducted mainly by ionocytes of the gill (the skin in embryonic stages), instead of the renal tubular cells in mammals. Given the advantages in terms of genetic database availability and manipulation, zebrafish is an emerging model for research into regulatory and integrative physiology. At least five types of ionocytes, HR, NaR, NCC, SLC26, and KS cells, have been identified to carry out Na(+) uptake/H(+) secretion/NH4 (+) excretion, Ca(2+) uptake, Na(+)/Cl(-) uptake, K(+) secretion, and Cl(-) uptake/HCO3 (-) secretion, respectively, through distinct sets of transporters. Several hormones, namely isotocin, prolactin, cortisol, stanniocalcin-1, calcitonin, endothelin-1, vitamin D, parathyorid hormone 1, catecholamines, and the renin-angiotensin-system, have been demonstrated to positively or negatively regulate ion transport through specific receptors at different ionocytes stages, at either the transcriptional/translational or posttranslational level. The knowledge obtained using zebrafish answered many long-term contentious or unknown issues in the field of fish iono-/osmoregulation. The homology of ion transport pathways and hormone systems also means that the zebrafish model informs studies on mammals or other animal species, thereby providing insights into related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jey Guh
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Nakang, Taipei, Taiwan ; Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nakang, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hao Lin
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Pung-Pung Hwang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Nakang, Taipei, Taiwan
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Kollitz EM, Zhang G, Hawkins MB, Whitfield GK, Reif DM, Kullman SW. Molecular cloning, functional characterization, and evolutionary analysis of vitamin D receptors isolated from basal vertebrates. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122853. [PMID: 25855982 PMCID: PMC4391915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate genome is a result of two rapid and successive rounds of whole genome duplication, referred to as 1R and 2R. Furthermore, teleost fish have undergone a third whole genome duplication (3R) specific to their lineage, resulting in the retention of multiple gene paralogs. The more recent 3R event in teleosts provides a unique opportunity to gain insight into how genes evolve through specific evolutionary processes. In this study we compare molecular activities of vitamin D receptors (VDR) from basal species that diverged at key points in vertebrate evolution in order to infer derived and ancestral VDR functions of teleost paralogs. Species include the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), a 1R jawless fish; the little skate (Leucoraja erinacea), a cartilaginous fish that diverged after the 2R event; and the Senegal bichir (Polypterus senegalus), a primitive 2R ray-finned fish. Saturation binding assays and gel mobility shift assays demonstrate high affinity ligand binding and classic DNA binding characteristics of VDR has been conserved across vertebrate evolution. Concentration response curves in transient transfection assays reveal EC50 values in the low nanomolar range, however maximum transactivational efficacy varies significantly between receptor orthologs. Protein-protein interactions were investigated using co-transfection, mammalian 2-hybrid assays, and mutations of coregulator activation domains. We then combined these results with our previous study of VDR paralogs from 3R teleosts into a bioinformatics analysis. Our results suggest that 1, 25D3 acts as a partial agonist in basal species. Furthermore, our bioinformatics analysis suggests that functional differences between VDR orthologs and paralogs are influenced by differential protein interactions with essential coregulator proteins. We speculate that we may be observing a change in the pharmacodynamics relationship between VDR and 1, 25D3 throughout vertebrate evolution that may have been driven by changes in protein-protein interactions between VDR and essential coregulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M. Kollitz
- Program in Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Guozhu Zhang
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Mary Beth Hawkins
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - G. Kerr Whitfield
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - David M. Reif
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Seth W. Kullman
- Program in Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Chou MY, Lin CH, Chao PL, Hung JC, Cruz SA, Hwang PP. Stanniocalcin-1 controls ion regulation functions of ion-transporting epithelium other than calcium balance. Int J Biol Sci 2015; 11:122-32. [PMID: 25561895 PMCID: PMC4279088 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.10773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stanniocalcin-1 (STC-1) was first identified to involve in Ca(2+) homeostasis in teleosts, and was thought to act as a hypocalcemic hormone in vertebrate. Recent studies suggested that STC-1 exhibits broad effects on ion balance, not confines to Ca(2+), but the mechanism of this regulation process remains largely unknown. Here, we used zebrafish embryos as an alternative in vivo model to investigate how STC-1 regulates transepithelial ion transport function in ion-transporting epithelium. Expression of stc-1 mRNA in zebrafish embryos was increased in high-Ca(2+) environments but decreased by acidic and ion-deficient treatments while overexpression of stc-1 impaired the hypotonic acclimation by decreasing whole body Ca(2+), Na(+), and Cl(-) contents and H(+) secretion ability. Injection of STC-1 mRNA also down-regulated mRNA expressions of epithelial Ca(2+) channel, H(+)-ATPase, and Na(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter, suggesting the roles of STC-1 in regulation of ions other than Ca(2+). Knockdown of STC-1 caused an increase in ionocyte progenitors (foxi3a as the marker) and mature ionocytes (ion transporters as the markers), but did not affect epithelium stem cells (p63 as the marker) in the embryonic skin. Overexpression of STC-1 had the corresponding opposite effect on ionocyte progenitors, mature ionocytes in the embryonic skin. Taken together, STC-1 negatively regulates the number of ionocytes to reduce ionocyte functions. This process is important for body fluid ionic homeostasis, which is achieved by the regulation of ion transport functions in ionocytes. The present findings provide new insights into the broader functions of STC-1, a hypocalcemic hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yi Chou
- 1. Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. ; 2. RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Laboratory for Developmental Gene Regulation, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Chia-Hao Lin
- 1. Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Lin Chao
- 1. Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Chi Hung
- 1. Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Shelly A Cruz
- 1. Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Pung-Pung Hwang
- 1. Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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Kollitz EM, Hawkins MB, Whitfield GK, Kullman SW. Functional diversification of vitamin D receptor paralogs in teleost fish after a whole genome duplication event. Endocrinology 2014; 155:4641-54. [PMID: 25279795 PMCID: PMC4239418 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The diversity and success of teleost fishes (Actinopterygii) has been attributed to three successive rounds of whole-genome duplication (WGD). WGDs provide a source of raw genetic material for evolutionary forces to act upon, resulting in the divergence of genes with altered or novel functions. The retention of multiple gene pairs (paralogs) in teleosts provides a unique opportunity to study how genes diversify and evolve after a WGD. This study examines the hypothesis that vitamin D receptor (VDR) paralogs (VDRα and VDRβ) from two distantly related teleost orders have undergone functional divergence subsequent to the teleost-specific WGD. VDRα and VDRβ paralogs were cloned from the Japanese medaka (Beloniformes) and the zebrafish (Cypriniformes). Initial transactivation studies using 1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 revealed that although VDRα and VDRβ maintain similar ligand potency, the maximum efficacy of VDRβ was significantly attenuated compared with VDRα in both species. Subsequent analyses revealed that VDRα and VDRβ maintain highly similar ligand affinities; however, VDRα demonstrated preferential DNA binding compared with VDRβ. Protein-protein interactions between the VDR paralogs and essential nuclear receptor coactivators were investigated using transactivation and mammalian two-hybrid assays. Our results imply that functional differences between VDRα and VDRβ occurred early in teleost evolution because they are conserved between distantly related species. Our results further suggest that the observed differences may be associated with differential protein-protein interactions between the VDR paralogs and coactivators. We speculate that the observed functional differences are due to subtle ligand-induced conformational differences between the two paralogs, leading to divergent downstream functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Kollitz
- Program in Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Department of Biological Sciences (E.M.K., S.W.K.), and Department of Biological Sciences (M.B.H.), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695; and Department of Basic Medical Sciences (G.K.W.), The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona 85004
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Chun RF, Blatter E, Elliott S, Fitz-Gibbon S, Rieger S, Sagasti A, Adams JS, Hewison M. Cloning of a functional 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1α-hydroxylase in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Cell Biochem Funct 2014; 32:675-82. [PMID: 25290078 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Activation of precursor 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25D) to hormonal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) is a pivotal step in vitamin D physiology, catalysed by the enzyme 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1α-hydroxylase (1α-hydroxylase). To establish new models for assessing the physiological importance of the 1α-hydroxylase-25D-axis, we used Danio rerio (zebrafish) to characterize expression and biological activity of the gene for 1α-hydroxylase (cyp27b1). Treatment of day 5 zebrafish larvae with inactive 25D (5-150 nM) or active 1,25D (0.1-10 nM) induced dose responsive expression (15-95-fold) of the vitamin D-target gene cyp24a1 relative to larvae treated with vehicle, suggesting the presence of Cyp27b1 activity. A full-length zebrafish cyp27b1 cDNA was then generated using RACE and RT-PCR methods. Sequencing of the resulting clone revealed an open reading frame encoding a protein of 505 amino acids with 54% identity to human CYP27B1. Transfection of a cyp27b1 expression vector into HKC-8, a human kidney proximal tubular epithelial cell line, enhanced intracrine metabolism of 25D to 1,25D resulting in greater than twofold induction of CYP24A1 mRNA expression and a 25-fold increase in 1,25D production compared to empty vector. These data indicate that we have cloned a functional zebrafish CYP27B1, representing a phylogenetically distant branch from mammals of this key enzyme in vitamin D metabolism. Further analysis of cyp27b1 expression and activity in zebrafish may provide new perspectives on the biological importance of 25D metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene F Chun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UCLA-Orthopaedic Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States
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Kumai Y, Porteus CS, Kwong RWM, Perry SF. Hydrogen sulfide inhibits Na+ uptake in larval zebrafish, Danio rerio. Pflugers Arch 2014; 467:651-64. [PMID: 24939700 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1550-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in regulating Na(+) uptake in larval zebrafish, Danio rerio. Waterborne treatment of larvae at 4 days post-fertilization (dpf) with Na2S or GYY-4137 (chemicals known to generate H2S) significantly reduced Na(+) uptake. Exposure of larvae to water enriched with NaCl (1 mM NaCl) caused a pronounced reduction in Na(+) uptake which was prevented by pharmacological inhibition of cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) or cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), two key enzymes involved in the endogenous synthesis of H2S. Furthermore, translational gene knockdown of CSE and CBSb significantly increased the basal rate of Na(+) uptake. Waterborne treatment with Na2S significantly decreased whole-body acid excretion and reduced Na(+) uptake in larval zebrafish preexposed to acidic (pH 4.0) water (a condition shown to promote Na(+) uptake via Na(+)-H(+)-exchanger 3b, NHE3b). However, Na2S did not affect Na(+) uptake in larvae depleted of NHE3b-containing ionocytes (HR cells) after knockdown of transcription factor glial cell missing 2 (gcm2) in which Na(+) uptake occurs predominantly via Na(+)-Cl(-) co-transporter (NCC)-containing cells. These observations suggest that Na(+) uptake via NHE3b, but not NCC, is regulated by H2S. Whole-mount immunohistochemistry demonstrated that ionocytes expressing NHE3b also express CSE. These data suggests a physiologically relevant role of H2S as a mechanism to lower Na(+) uptake in zebrafish larvae, probably through its inhibitory action on NHE3b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kumai
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
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Kumai Y, Kwong RWM, Perry SF. A role for transcription factor glial cell missing 2 in Ca2+ homeostasis in zebrafish, Danio rerio. Pflugers Arch 2014; 467:753-65. [PMID: 24893788 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1544-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Revised: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the role of the transcription factor, glial cell missing 2 (gcm2), in Ca(2+) regulation in zebrafish larvae. Translational gene knockdown of gcm2 decreased Ca(2+) uptake and the density of ionocytes expressing the epithelial Ca(2+) channel (ecac), and disrupted the overall Ca(2+) balance. Ca(2+) uptake and the expression of gcm2 messenger RNA (mRNA) were significantly elevated in larvae acclimated to low Ca(2+) water (25 μM); the stimulation of Ca(2+) uptake was not observed in fish experiencing gcm2 knockdown. Acclimation to acidic water (pH 4) significantly reduced whole-body Ca(2+) content owing to reduced Ca(2+) uptake and increased Ca(2+) efflux. However, ecac mRNA levels and the density of ecac-expressing ionocytes were increased in fish acclimated to acidic water, and maximal Ca(2+) uptake capacity (J MAX) was significantly increased when measured in control water (pH ~7.4). Acclimation of larvae to acidic water significantly increased gcm2 mRNA expression, and in gcm2 morphants, no such stimulation in Ca(2+) uptake was observed after their return to control water. Overexpression of gcm2 mRNA resulted in a significant increase in the numbers of ecac-expressing ionocytes and Ca(2+) uptake. These observations reveal a critical role for gcm2 in Ca(2+) homeostasis in zebrafish larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kumai
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6 N5, Canada
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Sutherland BJG, Hanson KC, Jantzen JR, Koop BF, Smith CT. Divergent immunity and energetic programs in the gills of migratory and resident Oncorhynchus mykiss. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:1952-64. [PMID: 24612010 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Divergent life history strategies occur in steelhead or rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, and many populations produce both migrant (anadromous fish that move to the ocean after rearing) and resident (do not migrate and remain in fresh water) individuals. Mechanisms leading to each type are only partially understood; while the general tendency of a population is heritable, individual tendency may be plastic, influenced by local environment. Steelhead hatchery programmes aim to mitigate losses in wild stocks by producing trout that will migrate to the ocean and not compete with wild trout for limited freshwater resources. To increase our understanding of gill function in these migratory or resident phenotypes, here we compare gill transcriptome profiles of hatchery-released fish either at the release site (residents) or five river kilometres downstream while still in full fresh water (migrants). To test whether any of these genes can be used as predictive markers for smoltification, we compared these genes between migrant-like and undifferentiated trout while still in the hatchery in a common environment (prerelease). Results confirmed the gradual process of smoltification, and the importance of energetics, gill remodelling and ion transport capacity for migrants. Additionally, residents overexpressed transcripts involved in antiviral defences, potentially for immune surveillance via dendritic cells in the gills. The best smoltification marker candidate was protein s100a4, expression of which was highly correlated with Na(+) , K(+) ATPase (NKA) activity and smolt-like morphology in pre- and postrelease trout gills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben J G Sutherland
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 3N5, Canada
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Craig TA, Zhang Y, Magis AT, Funk CC, Price ND, Ekker SC, Kumar R. Detection of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-regulated miRNAs in zebrafish by whole transcriptome sequencing. Zebrafish 2014; 11:207-18. [PMID: 24650217 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2013.0899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The sterol hormone, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ (1α,25(OH)₂D₃), regulates gene expression and messenger RNA (mRNA) concentrations in zebrafish in vivo. Since mRNA concentrations and translation are influenced by micro-RNAs (miRNAs), we examined the influence of 1α,25(OH)₂D₃ on miRNA expression in zebrafish in vivo with whole transcriptome RNA sequencing, searched for miRNA binding sites in 1α,25(OH)₂D₃-sensitive genes, and performed correlation analyses between 1α,25(OH)₂D₃-sensitive miRNAs and mRNAs. In vehicle- and 1α,25(OH)₂D₃-treated, 7-day postfertilization larvae, between 282 and 295 known precursor miRNAs were expressed, and in vehicle- and 1α,25(OH)₂D₃-treated fish, between 83 and 122 novel miRNAs were detected. Following 1α,25(OH)₂D₃ treatment, 31 precursor miRNAs were differentially expressed (p<0.05). The differentially expressed miRNAs are predicted to potentially alter mRNAs for metabolic enzymes, transcription factors, growth factors, and Jak-STAT signaling. We verified the role of a 1α,25(OH)₂D₃-sensitive miRNA, miR125b, by demonstrating alterations in the concentrations of the mRNA of a 1α,25(OH)₂D₃-regulated gene, Cyp24a1, following transfection of renal cells with a miR125b miRNA mimic. Changes in the Cyp24a1 mRNA concentration by the miR125b miRNA mimic were associated with changes in the protein for Cyp24a1. Our data show that 1α,25(OH)₂D₃ regulates miRNA in zebrafish larvae in vivo and could thereby influence vitamin D-sensitive mRNA concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore A Craig
- 1 Nephrology and Hypertension Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
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Kumai Y, Bernier NJ, Perry SF. Angiotensin-II promotes Na+ uptake in larval zebrafish, Danio rerio, in acidic and ion-poor water. J Endocrinol 2014; 220:195-205. [PMID: 24301614 DOI: 10.1530/joe-13-0374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) to Na(+) uptake was investigated in larval zebrafish (Danio rerio). At 4 days post fertilization (dpf), the level of whole-body angiotensin-II (ANG-II) was significantly increased after 1- or 3-h exposure to acidic (pH=4.0) or ion-poor water (20-fold dilution of Ottawa tapwater), suggesting rapid activation of the RAS. Long-term (24 h) treatment of 3 dpf larvae with ANG-I or ANG-II significantly increased Na(+) uptake which was accompanied by an increase in mRNA expression of the Na(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter (zslc12a10.2). Induction of Na(+) uptake by exposure to ANG-I was blocked by simultaneously treating larvae with lisinopril (an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor). Acute (2 h) exposure to acidic water or ion-poor water led to significant increase in Na(+) uptake which was partially blocked by the ANG-II receptor antagonist, telmisartan. Consistent with these data, translational knockdown of renin prevented the stimulation of Na(+) uptake following exposure to acidic or ion-poor water. The lack of any effects of pharmacological inhibition (using RU486), or knockdown of glucocorticoid receptors on the stimulation of Na(+) uptake during acute exposure to acidic or ion-poor environments, indicates that the acute effects of RAS occur independently of cortisol signaling. The results of this study demonstrate that the RAS is involved in Na(+) homeostasis in larval zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kumai
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5 Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
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Bouillon R, Suda T. Vitamin D: calcium and bone homeostasis during evolution. BONEKEY REPORTS 2014; 3:480. [PMID: 24466411 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2013.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D3 is already found early in the evolution of life but essentially as inactive end products of the photochemical reaction of 7-dehydrocholestol with ultraviolet light B. A full vitamin D (refers to vitamin D2 and D3) endocrine system, characterized by a specific VDR (vitamin D receptor, member of the nuclear receptor family), specific vitamin D metabolizing CYP450 enzymes regulated by calciotropic hormones and a dedicated plasma transport-protein is only found in vertebrates. In the earliest vertebrates (lamprey), vitamin D metabolism and VDR may well have originated from a duplication of a common PRX/VDR ancestor gene as part of a xenobiotic detoxification pathway. The vitamin D endocrine system, however, subsequently became an important regulator of calcium supply for an extensive calcified skeleton. Vitamin D is essential for normal calcium and bone homeostasis as shown by rickets in vitamin D-deficient growing amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. From amphibians onward, bone is gradually more dynamic with regulated bone resorption, mainly by combined action of PTH and 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) on the generation and function of multinucleated osteoclasts. Therefore, bone functions as a large internal calcium reservoir, under the control of osteoclasts. Osteocytes also display a remarkable spectrum of activities, including mechanical sensing and regulating mineral homeostasis, but also have an important role in global nutritional and energy homeostasis. Mineralization from reptiles onward is under the control of well-regulated SIBLING proteins and associated enzymes, nearly all under the control of 1,25(OH)2D3. The vitamin D story thus started as inert molecule but gained an essential role for calcium and bone homeostasis in terrestrial animals to cope with the challenge of higher gravity and calcium-poor environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Bouillon
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven; Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tatsuo Suda
- Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University , Saitama, Japan
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Lin CH, Su CH, Hwang PP. Calcium-sensing receptor mediates Ca(2+) homeostasis by modulating expression of PTH and stanniocalcin. Endocrinology 2014; 155:56-67. [PMID: 24169558 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of the synthesis and/or secretion of hypocalcemic and hypercalcemic hormones by the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is believed to be a major pathway for maintaining Ca(2+) homeostasis in vertebrates, based primarily on findings in mammals. However, understanding the evolution of this physiological process requires that it be described in nonmammalian species. Here, we describe the use of zebrafish as a model to investigate whether CaSR contributes to body fluid Ca(2+) homeostasis by regulating synthesis of hypercalcemic (PTH1 and PTH2) and hypocalcemic (stanniocalcin [STC]) hormones. We report that PTH1, but not PTH2, increases Ca(2+) uptake through stimulation of the expression of the gene encoding the epithelial Ca(2+) channel (ecac). Furthermore, we demonstrate that CaSR, as a Ca(2+) sensor, may affect stc-1 and pth1 expressions differently, thereby suppressing ecac expression and Ca(2+) uptake. Finally, we show that CaSR knockdown has time-dependent effects on STC-1 and PTH1 expression, and these 2 hormones have mutual effects on the expression, thus forming a possible counterbalance. These findings enhance our understanding of CaSR-PTH-STC control of Ca(2+) homeostasis in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hao Lin
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology (C.-H.L., C.-H.S., P.-P.H), Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, Republic of China; and Institute of Fishery Science (C.-H.S., P.-P.H), National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Kumai Y, Kwong RWM, Perry SF. The role of cAMP-mediated intracellular signaling in regulating Na+ uptake in zebrafish larvae. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2013; 306:R51-60. [PMID: 24259461 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00317.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, the role of cAMP in stimulating Na(+) uptake in larval zebrafish was investigated. Treating larvae at 4 days postfertilization (dpf) with 10 μM forskolin or 1 μM 8-bromo cAMP significantly increased Na(+) uptake by three-fold and twofold, respectively. The cAMP-dependent stimulation of Na(+) uptake was probably unrelated to protein trafficking via microtubules because pretreatment with 200 μM colchicine or 30 μM nocodazole did not attenuate the magnitude of the response. Na(+) uptake was stimulated markedly following acute (2 h) exposure to acidic water. The acid-induced increase in Na(+) uptake was accompanied by a twofold elevation in whole body cAMP levels and attenuated by inhibiting PKA with 10 μM H-89. Knockdown of Na(+)-H(+) exchanger 3b (NHE3b) attenuated, but did not abolish, the stimulation of Na(+) uptake during forskolin treatment. In glial cell missing 2 morphants, in which the role of NHE3b in Na(+) uptake is diminished and the Na(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter (NCC) becomes the predominant route of Na(+) entry, forskolin treatment continued to increase Na(+) uptake. These data suggest that at least NHE3b and NCC are targeted by cAMP in zebrafish larvae. Staining of larvae with fluorescent forskolin and propranolol revealed the presence of transmembrane adenylyl cyclase within multiple subtypes of ionocytes expressing β-adrenergic receptors. Taken together, results of the present study demonstrate that cAMP-mediated intracellular signaling may regulate multiple Na(+) transporters and plays an important role in regulating Na(+) uptake in zebrafish larvae during acute exposure to an acidic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kumai
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Cruz SA, Lin CH, Chao PL, Hwang PP. Glucocorticoid receptor, but not mineralocorticoid receptor, mediates cortisol regulation of epidermal ionocyte development and ion transport in zebrafish (danio rerio). PLoS One 2013; 8:e77997. [PMID: 24205060 PMCID: PMC3812134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortisol is the major endogenous glucocorticoid (GC) both in human and fish, mediated by corticosteroid receptors. Due to the absence of aldosterone production in teleost fish, cortisol is also traditionally accepted to function as mineralocorticoid (MC); but whether it acts through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) or the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) remains a subject of debate. Here, we used loss-of-function and rescue assays to determine whether cortisol affects zebrafish epidermal ionocyte development and function via the GR and/or the MR. GR knockdown morphants displayed a significant decrease in the major ionocytes, namely Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase-rich cells (NaRCs) and H(+)-ATPase-rich cells (HRCs), as well as other cells, including epidermal stem cells (ESCs), keratinocytes, and mucus cells; conversely, cell numbers were unaffected in MR knockdown morphants. In agreement, GR morphants, but not MR morphants, exhibited decreased NaRC-mediated Ca(2+) uptake and HRC-mediated H(+) secretion. Rescue via GR capped mRNA injection or exogenous cortisol incubation normalized the number of epidermal ionocytes in GR morphants. We also provide evidence for GR localization in epidermal cells. At the transcript level, GR mRNA is ubiquitously expressed in gill sections and present in both NaRCs and HRCs, supporting the knockdown and functional assay results in embryo. Altogether, we have provided solid molecular evidence that GR is indeed present on ionocytes, where it mediates the effects of cortisol on ionocyte development and function. Hence, cortisol-GR axis performs the roles of both GC and MC in zebrafish skin and gills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Abad Cruz
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan, R. O. C
| | - Chia-Hao Lin
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan, R. O. C
| | - Pei-Lin Chao
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan, R. O. C
| | - Pung-Pung Hwang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan, R. O. C
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Hwang PP, Chou MY. Zebrafish as an animal model to study ion homeostasis. Pflugers Arch 2013; 465:1233-47. [PMID: 23568368 PMCID: PMC3745619 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-013-1269-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) possesses several advantages as an experimental organism, including the applicability of molecular tools, ease of in vivo cellular observation and functional analysis, and rapid embryonic development, making it an emerging model for the study of integrative and regulatory physiology and, in particular, the epithelial transport associated with body fluid ionic homeostasis. Zebrafish inhabits a hypotonic freshwater environment, and as such, the gills (or the skin, during embryonic stages) assume the role of the kidney in body fluid ionic homeostasis. Four types of ionocyte expressing distinct sets of transporters have been identified in these organs: H+-ATPase-rich, Na+-K+-ATPase-rich, Na+-Cl− cotransporter-expressing and K+-secreting cells; these ionocytes perform transepithelial H+ secretion/Na+ uptake/NH4+ excretion, Ca2+ uptake, Na+/Cl− uptake, and K+ secretion, respectively. Zebrafish ionocytes are analogous to various renal tubular cells, in terms of ion transporter expression and function. During embryonic development, ionocyte progenitors develop from epidermal stem cells and then differentiate into different types of ionocyte through a positive regulatory loop of Foxi3a/-3b and other transcription factors. Several hormones, including cortisol, vitamin D, stanniocalcin-1, calcitonin, and isotocin, were found to participate in the control pathways of ionic homeostasis by precisely studying the target ion transport pathways, ion transporters, or ionocytes of the hormonal actions. In conclusion, the zebrafish model not only enhances our understanding of body fluid ion homeostasis and hormonal control in fish but also informs studies on mammals and other animal species, thereby providing new insights into related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pung-Pung Hwang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
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