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Hansen E, Rolling C, Wang M, Holaska JM. Emerin deficiency drives MCF7 cells to an invasive phenotype. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19998. [PMID: 39198511 PMCID: PMC11358522 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70752-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
During metastasis, cancer cells traverse the vasculature by squeezing through very small gaps in the endothelium. Thus, nuclei in metastatic cancer cells must become more malleable to move through these gaps. Our lab showed invasive breast cancer cells have 50% less emerin protein resulting in smaller, misshapen nuclei, and higher metastasis rates than non-cancerous controls. Thus, emerin deficiency was predicted to cause increased nuclear compliance, cell migration, and metastasis. We tested this hypothesis by downregulating emerin in noninvasive MCF7 cells and found emerin knockdown causes smaller, dysmorphic nuclei, resulting in increased impeded cell migration. Emerin reduction in invasive breast cancer cells showed similar results. Supporting the clinical relevance of emerin reduction in cancer progression, our analysis of 192 breast cancer patient samples showed emerin expression inversely correlates with cancer invasiveness. We conclude emerin loss is an important driver of invasive transformation and has utility as a biomarker for tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hansen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, MEB 534, 401 South Broadway, Camden, NJ, 08103, USA
- Molecular and Cell Biology and Neuroscience Program, Rowan-Virtua School of Translational Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Stratford, NJ, 08084, USA
| | - Christal Rolling
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, MEB 534, 401 South Broadway, Camden, NJ, 08103, USA
- Molecular and Cell Biology and Neuroscience Program, Rowan-Virtua School of Translational Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Stratford, NJ, 08084, USA
| | - Matthew Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, MEB 534, 401 South Broadway, Camden, NJ, 08103, USA
- Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, 08084, USA
| | - James M Holaska
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, MEB 534, 401 South Broadway, Camden, NJ, 08103, USA.
- Molecular and Cell Biology and Neuroscience Program, Rowan-Virtua School of Translational Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Stratford, NJ, 08084, USA.
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2
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Hansen E, Rolling C, Wang M, Holaska JM. Emerin deficiency drives MCF7 cells to an invasive phenotype. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.21.581379. [PMID: 38712242 PMCID: PMC11071294 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.21.581379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
During metastasis, cancer cells traverse the vasculature by squeezing through very small gaps in the endothelium. Thus, nuclei in metastatic cancer cells must become more malleable to move through these gaps. Our lab showed invasive breast cancer cells have 50% less emerin protein resulting in smaller, misshapen nuclei, and higher metastasis rates than non-cancerous controls. Thus, emerin deficiency was predicted to cause increased nuclear compliance, cell migration, and metastasis. We tested this hypothesis by downregulating emerin in noninvasive MCF7 cells and found emerin knockdown causes smaller, dysmorphic nuclei, resulting in increased impeded cell migration. Emerin reduction in invasive breast cancer cells showed similar results. Supporting the clinical relevance of emerin reduction in cancer progression, our analysis of 192 breast cancer patient samples showed emerin expression inversely correlates with cancer invasiveness. We conclude emerin loss is an important driver of invasive transformation and has utility as a biomarker for tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hansen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ
- Molecular and Cell Biology and Neuroscience Program, Rowan-Virtua School of Translational Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Stratford, NJ
| | - Christal Rolling
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ
- Molecular and Cell Biology and Neuroscience Program, Rowan-Virtua School of Translational Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Stratford, NJ
| | - Matthew Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ
- Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine
| | - James M. Holaska
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ
- Molecular and Cell Biology and Neuroscience Program, Rowan-Virtua School of Translational Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Stratford, NJ
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3
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Ren S, Zhang Z, Li M, Wang D, Guo R, Fang X, Chen F. Cancer testis antigen subfamilies: Attractive targets for therapeutic vaccine (Review). Int J Oncol 2023; 62:71. [PMID: 37144487 PMCID: PMC10198712 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer‑testis antigen (CTA) is a well‑accepted optimal target library for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Most CTAs are located on the X chromosome and aggregate into large gene families, such as the melanoma antigen, synovial sarcoma X and G antigen families. Members of the CTA subfamily are usually co‑expressed in tumor tissues and share similar structural characteristics and biological functions. As cancer vaccines are recommended to induce specific antitumor responses, CTAs, particularly CTA subfamilies, are widely used in the design of cancer vaccines. To date, DNA, mRNA and peptide vaccines have been commonly used to generate tumor‑specific CTAs in vivo and induce anticancer effects. Despite promising results in preclinical studies, the antitumor efficacy of CTA‑based vaccines is limited in clinical trials, which may be partially attributed to weak immunogenicity, low efficacy of antigen delivery and presentation processes, as well as a suppressive immune microenvironment. Recently, the development of nanomaterials has enhanced the cancer vaccination cascade, improved the antitumor performance and reduced off‑target effects. The present study provided an in‑depth review of the structural characteristics and biofunctions of the CTA subfamilies, summarised the design and utilisation of CTA‑based vaccine platforms and provided recommendations for developing nanomaterial‑derived CTA‑targeted vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Nanomedicine and Translational Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Zhanyi Zhang
- Bethune Third Clinical Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, P.R. China
| | - Daren Wang
- Bethune Third Clinical Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Ruijie Guo
- Bethune Third Clinical Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xuedong Fang
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Nanomedicine and Translational Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
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4
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Nin DS, Deng LW. Biology of Cancer-Testis Antigens and Their Therapeutic Implications in Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060926. [PMID: 36980267 PMCID: PMC10047177 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour-specific antigens have been an area of interest in cancer therapy since their discovery in the middle of the 20th century. In the era of immune-based cancer therapeutics, redirecting our immune cells to target these tumour-specific antigens has become even more relevant. Cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) are a class of antigens with an expression specific to the testis and cancer cells. CTAs have also been demonstrated to be expressed in a wide variety of cancers. Due to their frequency and specificity of expression in a multitude of cancers, CTAs have been particularly attractive as cancer-specific therapeutic targets. There is now a rapid expansion of CTAs being identified and many studies have been conducted to correlate CTA expression with cancer and therapy-resistant phenotypes. Furthermore, there is an increasing number of clinical trials involving using some of these CTAs as molecular targets in pharmacological and immune-targeted therapeutics for various cancers. This review will summarise the current knowledge of the biology of known CTAs in tumorigenesis and the regulation of CTA genes. CTAs as molecular targets and the therapeutic implications of these CTA-targeted anticancer strategies will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Sijin Nin
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, MD 7, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117596, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Lih-Wen Deng
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, MD 7, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117596, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Singapore
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Membrane-associated cytoplasmic granules carrying the Argonaute protein WAGO-3 enable paternal epigenetic inheritance in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:217-229. [PMID: 35132225 PMCID: PMC9973253 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00827-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic inheritance describes the transmission of gene regulatory information across generations without altering DNA sequences, enabling offspring to adapt to environmental conditions. Small RNAs have been implicated in this, through both the oocyte and the sperm. However, as much of the cellular content is extruded during spermatogenesis, it is unclear whether cytoplasmic small RNAs can contribute to epigenetic inheritance through sperm. Here we identify a sperm-specific germ granule, termed the paternal epigenetic inheritance (PEI) granule, that mediates paternal epigenetic inheritance by retaining the cytoplasmic Argonaute protein WAGO-3 during spermatogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans. We identify the PEI granule proteins PEI-1 and PEI-2, which have distinct functions in this process: granule formation, Argonaute selectivity and subcellular localization. We show that PEI granule segregation is coupled to the transport of sperm-specific secretory vesicles through PEI-2 in an S-palmitoylation-dependent manner. PEI-like proteins are found in humans, suggesting that the identified mechanism may be conserved.
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The Role of Emerin in Cancer Progression and Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011289. [PMID: 34681951 PMCID: PMC8537873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
It is commonly recognized in the field that cancer cells exhibit changes in the size and shape of their nuclei. These features often serve as important biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer patients. Nuclear size can significantly impact cell migration due to its incredibly large size. Nuclear structural changes are predicted to regulate cancer cell migration. Nuclear abnormalities are common across a vast spectrum of cancer types, regardless of tissue source, mutational spectrum, and signaling dependencies. The pervasiveness of nuclear alterations suggests that changes in nuclear structure may be crucially linked to the transformation process. The factors driving these nuclear abnormalities, and the functional consequences, are not completely understood. Nuclear envelope proteins play an important role in regulating nuclear size and structure in cancer. Altered expression of nuclear lamina proteins, including emerin, is found in many cancers and this expression is correlated with better clinical outcomes. A model is emerging whereby emerin, as well as other nuclear lamina proteins, binding to the nucleoskeleton regulates the nuclear structure to impact metastasis. In this model, emerin and lamins play a central role in metastatic transformation, since decreased emerin expression during transformation causes the nuclear structural defects required for increased cell migration, intravasation, and extravasation. Herein, we discuss the cellular functions of nuclear lamina proteins, with a particular focus on emerin, and how these functions impact cancer progression and metastasis.
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Mooney SM, Jolly MK, Levine H, Kulkarni P. Phenotypic plasticity in prostate cancer: role of intrinsically disordered proteins. Asian J Androl 2017; 18:704-10. [PMID: 27427552 PMCID: PMC5000791 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.183570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A striking characteristic of cancer cells is their remarkable phenotypic plasticity, which is the ability to switch states or phenotypes in response to environmental fluctuations. Phenotypic changes such as a partial or complete epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) that play important roles in their survival and proliferation, and development of resistance to therapeutic treatments, are widely believed to arise due to somatic mutations in the genome. However, there is a growing concern that such a deterministic view is not entirely consistent with multiple lines of evidence, which indicate that stochasticity may also play an important role in driving phenotypic plasticity. Here, we discuss how stochasticity in protein interaction networks (PINs) may play a key role in determining phenotypic plasticity in prostate cancer (PCa). Specifically, we point out that the key players driving transitions among different phenotypes (epithelial, mesenchymal, and hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal), including ZEB1, SNAI1, OVOL1, and OVOL2, are intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and discuss how plasticity at the molecular level may contribute to stochasticity in phenotypic switching by rewiring PINs. We conclude by suggesting that targeting IDPs implicated in EMT in PCa may be a new strategy to gain additional insights and develop novel treatments for this disease, which is the most common form of cancer in adult men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Mooney
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005; Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Herbert Levine
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005; Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Prakash Kulkarni
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA
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8
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Abstract
The nucleus is separated from the cytosol by the nuclear envelope, which is a double lipid bilayer composed of the outer nuclear membrane and the inner nuclear membrane. The intermediate filament proteins lamin A, lamin B, and lamin C form a network underlying the inner nuclear membrane. This proteinaceous network provides the nucleus with its strength, rigidity, and elasticity. Positioned within the inner nuclear membrane are more than 150 inner nuclear membrane proteins, many of which interact directly with lamins and require lamins for their inner nuclear membrane localization. Inner nuclear membrane proteins and the nuclear lamins define the nuclear lamina. These inner nuclear membrane proteins have tissue-specific expression and diverse functions including regulating cytoskeletal organization, nuclear architecture, cell cycle dynamics, and genomic organization. Loss or mutations in lamins and inner nuclear membrane proteins cause a wide spectrum of diseases. Here, I will review the functions of the well-studied nuclear lamina proteins and the diseases associated with loss or mutations in these proteins. © 2016 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 6:1655-1674, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M. Holaska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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9
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Sellars MJ, Trewin C, McWilliam SM, Glaves RSE, Hertzler PL. Transcriptome profiles of Penaeus (Marsupenaeus) japonicus animal and vegetal half-embryos: identification of sex determination, germ line, mesoderm, and other developmental genes. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 17:252-265. [PMID: 25634056 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-015-9613-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
There is virtually no knowledge of the molecular events controlling early embryogenesis in Penaeid shrimp. A combination of controlled spawning environment, shrimp embryo micro-dissection techniques, and next-generation sequencing was used to produce transcriptome EST datasets of Penaeus japonicus animal and vegetal half-embryos. Embryos were collected immediately after spawning, and then blastomeres were separated at the two-cell stage and allowed to develop to late gastrulation, then pooled for RNA isolation and cDNA synthesis. Ion Torrent sequencing of cDNA from approximately 500 pooled animal and vegetal half-embryos from multiple spawnings resulted in 560,516 and 493,703 reads, respectively. Reads from each library were assembled and Gene Ontogeny analysis produced 3479 annotated animal contigs and 4173 annotated vegetal contigs, with 159/139 hits for developmental processes in the animal/vegetal contigs, respectively. Contigs were subject to BLAST for selected developmental toolbox genes. Some of the genes found included the sex determination genes sex-lethal and transformer; the germ line genes argonaute 1, boule, germ cell-less, gustavus, maelstrom, mex-3, par-1, pumilio, SmB, staufen, and tudor; the mesoderm genes brachyury, mef2, snail, and twist; the axis determination/segmentation genes β-catenin, deformed, distal-less, engrailed, giant, hairy, hunchback, kruppel, orthodenticle, patched, tailless, and wingless/wnt-8c; and a number of cell-cycle regulators. Animal and vegetal contigs were computationally subtracted from each other to produce sets unique to either half-embryo library. Genes expressed only in the animal half included bmp1, kruppel, maelstrom, and orthodenticle. Genes expressed only in the vegetal half included boule, brachyury, deformed, dorsal, engrailed, hunchback, spalt, twist, and wingless/wnt-8c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melony J Sellars
- CSIRO Agriculture Flagship, Integrated Sustainable Aquaculture, Dutton Park, Qld, 4102, Australia,
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Shamsi R, Seifi-Alan M, Javaheri M, Tabarestani S. Cancer-testis genes as candidates for immunotherapy in breast cancer. Immunotherapy 2014; 6:165-79. [PMID: 24491090 DOI: 10.2217/imt.13.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-testis (CT) antigens are tumor-associated antigens attracting immunologists for their possible application in the immunotherapy of cancer. Several clinical trials have assessed their therapeutic potentials in cancer patients. Breast cancers, especially triple-negative cancers are among those with significant expression of CT genes. Identification of CT genes with high expression in cancer patients is the prerequisite for any immunotherapeutic approach. CT genes have gained attention not only for immunotherapy of cancer patients, but also for immunoprevention in high-risk individuals. Many CT genes have proved to be immunogenic in breast cancer patients suggesting the basis for the development of polyvalent vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17443, Iran
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Skårn M, Noordhuis P, Wang MY, Veuger M, Kresse SH, Egeland EV, Micci F, Namløs HM, Håkelien AM, Olafsrud SM, Lorenz S, Haraldsen G, Kvalheim G, Meza-Zepeda LA, Myklebost O. Generation and characterization of an immortalized human mesenchymal stromal cell line. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:2377-89. [PMID: 24857590 PMCID: PMC4172386 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) show great potential for clinical and experimental use due to their capacity to self-renew and differentiate into multiple mesenchymal lineages. However, disadvantages of primary cultures of hMSCs are the limited in vitro lifespan, and the variable properties of cells from different donors and over time in culture. In this article, we describe the generation of a telomerase-immortalized nontumorigenic human bone marrow-derived stromal mesenchymal cell line, and its detailed characterization after long-term culturing (up to 155 population doublings). The resulting cell line, iMSC#3, maintained a fibroblast-like phenotype comparable to early passages of primary hMSCs, and showed no major differences from hMSCs regarding surface marker expression. Furthermore, iMSC#3 had a normal karyotype, and high-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization confirmed normal copy numbers. The gene expression profiles of immortalized and primary hMSCs were also similar, whereas the corresponding DNA methylation profiles were more diverse. The cells also had proliferation characteristics comparable to primary hMSCs and maintained the capacity to differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes. A detailed characterization of the mRNA and microRNA transcriptomes during adipocyte differentiation also showed that the iMSC#3 recapitulates this process at the molecular level. In summary, the immortalized mesenchymal cells represent a valuable model system that can be used for studies of candidate genes and their role in differentiation or oncogenic transformation, and basic studies of mesenchymal biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magne Skårn
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Paul Noordhuis
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Meng-Yu Wang
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marjan Veuger
- Section of Vascular Endothelial Cells, Laboratory of Immunohistochemistry and Immunopathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine Henrichson Kresse
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eivind Valen Egeland
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Francesca Micci
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Heidi Maria Namløs
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne-Mari Håkelien
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Solveig Mjelstad Olafsrud
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Genomics Core Facility, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Susanne Lorenz
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Genomics Core Facility, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guttorm Haraldsen
- Section of Vascular Endothelial Cells, Laboratory of Immunohistochemistry and Immunopathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnar Kvalheim
- Department of Cell Therapy, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Leonardo Andrés Meza-Zepeda
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Genomics Core Facility, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ola Myklebost
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Genomics Core Facility, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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12
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Ohue Y, Kurose K, Mizote Y, Matsumoto H, Nishio Y, Isobe M, Fukuda M, Uenaka A, Oka M, Nakayama E. Prolongation of Overall Survival in Advanced Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients with the XAGE1 (GAGED2a) Antibody. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:5052-63. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-0742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Koch AJ, Holaska JM. Emerin in health and disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2013; 29:95-106. [PMID: 24365856 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) is caused by mutations in the genes encoding emerin, lamins A and C and FHL1. Additional EDMD-like syndromes are caused by mutations in nesprins and LUMA. This review will specifically focus on emerin function and the current thinking for how loss or mutations in emerin cause EDMD. Emerin is a well-conserved, ubiquitously expressed protein of the inner nuclear membrane. Emerin has been shown to have diverse functions, including the regulation of gene expression, cell signaling, nuclear structure and chromatin architecture. This review will focus on the relationships between these functions and the EDMD disease phenotype. Additionally it will highlight open questions concerning emerin's roles in cell and nuclear biology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Koch
- Committee on Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - James M Holaska
- Committee on Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Committee on Developmental, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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YUAN LIQIN, XIAO YUZHONG, ZHOU QIUZHI, YUAN DONGMEI, WU BAIPING, CHEN GANNONG, ZHOU JIANLIN. Proteomic analysis reveals that MAEL, a component of nuage, interacts with stress granule proteins in cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2013; 31:342-50. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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15
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Abstract
Emerin, a conserved LEM-domain protein, is among the few nuclear membrane proteins for which extensive basic knowledge—biochemistry, partners, functions, localizations, posttranslational regulation, roles in development and links to human disease—is available. This review summarizes emerin and its emerging roles in nuclear “lamina” structure, chromatin tethering, gene regulation, mitosis, nuclear assembly, development, signaling and mechano-transduction. We also highlight many open questions, exploration of which will be critical to understand how this intriguing nuclear membrane protein and its “family” influence the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Berk
- Department of Cell Biology; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
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