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Wang Q, Chen Y, Yang Q, Zhao J, Feng L, Wang M. SR5AL serves as a key regulatory gene in lycopene biosynthesis by Blakeslea trispora. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:126. [PMID: 35752808 PMCID: PMC9233402 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01853-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trisporic acids are considered to be key regulators of carotenoid biosynthesis and sexual reproduction in zygomycetes, but the mechanisms underlying this regulation have not been fully elucidated. RESULTS In this study, the relationships between trisporic acids and lycopene synthesis were investigated in Blakeslea trispora. The lycopene concentration in single fermentation by the (-) strain with the addition of 24 μg/L trisporic acids was slightly higher than that observed in mated fermentation. After transcriptomic analysis, a steroid 5α-reductase-like gene, known as SR5AL in B. trispora, was first reported. 5α-Reductase inhibitors reduced lycopene biosynthesis and downregulated the expression of sex determination and carotenoid biosynthesis genes. Overexpression of the SR5AL gene upregulated these genes, regardless of whether trisporic acids were added. CONCLUSION These findings indicated that the SR5AL gene is a key gene associated with the response to trisporic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Agricultural Microbial Ecology and Technology (Henan Provincial Department of Science and Technology), Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Yulong Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Qingxiang Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China. .,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Agricultural Microbial Ecology and Technology (Henan Provincial Department of Science and Technology), Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
| | - Jihong Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Agricultural Microbial Ecology and Technology (Henan Provincial Department of Science and Technology), Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Lingran Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
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Li M, Xia Q, Zhang H, Zhang R, Yang J. Metabolic Engineering of Different Microbial Hosts for Lycopene Production. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:14104-14122. [PMID: 33207118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As a result of the extensive use of lycopene in a variety of fields, especially the dietary supplement and health food industries, the production of lycopene has attracted considerable interest. Lycopene can be obtained through extraction from vegetables and chemical synthesis. Alternatively, the microbial production of lycopene has been extensively researched in recent years. Various types of microbial hosts have been evaluated for their potential to accumulate a high level of lycopene. Metabolic engineering of the hosts and optimization of culture conditions are performed to enhance lycopene production. After years of research, great progress has been made in lycopene production. In this review, strategies used to improve lycopene production in different microbial hosts and the advantages and disadvantages of each microbial host are summarized. In addition, future perspectives of lycopene production in different microbial hosts are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijie Li
- Energy-Rich Compound Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changchen Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Xia
- Energy-Rich Compound Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changchen Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 135 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Rubing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 135 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianming Yang
- Energy-Rich Compound Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changchen Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, People's Republic of China
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A Negative Regulator of Carotenogenesis in Blakeslea trispora. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.02462-19. [PMID: 31953331 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02462-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As an ideal carotenoid producer, Blakeslea trispora has gained much attention due to its large biomass and high production of β-carotene and lycopene. However, carotenogenesis regulation in B. trispora still needs to be clarified, as few investigations have been conducted at the molecular level in B. trispora In this study, a gene homologous to carotenogenesis regulatory gene (crgA) was cloned from the mating type (-) of B. trispora, and the deduced CrgA protein was analyzed for its primary structure and domains. To clarify the crgA-mediated regulation in B. trispora, we used the strategies of gene knockout and complementation to investigate the effect of crgA expression on the phenotype of B. trispora In contrast to the wild-type strain, the crgA null mutant (ΔcrgA) was defective in sporulation but accumulated much more β-carotene (31.2% improvement at the end) accompanied by enhanced transcription of three structural genes (hmgR, carB, and carRA) for carotenoids throughout the culture time. When the wild-type copy of crgA was complemented into the crgA null mutant, sporulation, transcription of structural genes, and carotenoid production were restored to those of the wild-type strain. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomic approach and multivariate statistical analyses were performed to investigate the intracellular metabolite profiles. The reduced levels of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle components and some amino acids and enhanced levels of glycolysis intermediates and fatty acids indicate that more metabolic flux was driven into the mevalonate (MVA) pathway; thus, the increase of precursors and fat content contributes to the accumulation of carotenoids.IMPORTANCE The zygomycete Blakeslea trispora is an important strain for the production of carotenoids on a large scale. However, the regulation mechanism of carotenoid biosynthesis is still not well understood in this filamentous fungus. In the present study, we sought to investigate how crgA influences the expression of structural genes for carotenoids, carotenoid biosynthesis, and other anabolic phenotypes. This will lead to a better understanding of the global regulation mechanism of carotenoid biosynthesis and facilitate engineering this strain in the future for enhanced production of carotenoids.
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Qian S, Ji H, Wu X, Li N, Yang Y, Bu J, Zhang X, Qiao L, Yu H, Xu N, Zhang C. Detection and quantification analysis of chemical migrants in plastic food contact products. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208467. [PMID: 30517180 PMCID: PMC6281260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastic food contact materials (FCM)-based products were widely used in everyday life. These products were normally imposed to strict regulations in order to pass the enforcement tests of compliance as a prefix condition. However, even in these “qualified” materials, unknown chemical substances, not involving in legislation lists, could migrate from FCM. In this perspective, the present work aims to thoroughly analyze by means of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) the different substances/migrants in 120 qualified FCM plastic products. Unexpectedly, among the identified compounds (nearly 100), only 13% was included in the permitted list of Commission Regulation EU No 10/2011. All the identified compounds were classified into 11 categories according to their chemical structure and the FCM type, whereas toxicology data were in addition analyzed. Each plastic type exhibited different preferences of chemical migrants. Fortunately, most of the compounds identified were of low toxicity, and only 4 chemicals were included in priority lists and previous literature reports as potential risk factors. Subsequently, the accurate amount of these 4 chemicals was determined. The amount of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA) and Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were lower than the SML in Commission Regulation EU No 10/2011, and that of stearamide was under the recommended use quantity. The 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP) was widely exist in the investigated FCM products. Among them, the highest level is obtained in polypropylene/low density polyethylene (BOPP/LDPE) materials, up to 45.568±31.513 mg/kg. In summary, a panel of unlisted chemical migrants were discovered and identified by GS-MS screening. The results implied that plastic FCMs were not so “inert” as they usually considered, and further safety evaluation should be performed toward the complete identification of new substances in FCM products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Qian
- Nanjing Institute of Supervision & Testing on Product Quality, National Supervision & Testing Centre for Food & Food Addictives, Jiangsu Center of Supervision & Testing on Green Degradable Material Quality, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Hanxu Ji
- Nanjing Institute of Supervision & Testing on Product Quality, National Supervision & Testing Centre for Food & Food Addictives, Jiangsu Center of Supervision & Testing on Green Degradable Material Quality, Nanjing, PR China
| | - XiaoXiao Wu
- Nanjing Institute of Supervision & Testing on Product Quality, National Supervision & Testing Centre for Food & Food Addictives, Jiangsu Center of Supervision & Testing on Green Degradable Material Quality, Nanjing, PR China
- Southeast University, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ning Li
- Nanjing Institute of Supervision & Testing on Product Quality, National Supervision & Testing Centre for Food & Food Addictives, Jiangsu Center of Supervision & Testing on Green Degradable Material Quality, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- Nanjing Institute of Supervision & Testing on Product Quality, National Supervision & Testing Centre for Food & Food Addictives, Jiangsu Center of Supervision & Testing on Green Degradable Material Quality, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jiangtao Bu
- Nanjing Institute of Supervision & Testing on Product Quality, National Supervision & Testing Centre for Food & Food Addictives, Jiangsu Center of Supervision & Testing on Green Degradable Material Quality, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Nanjing Institute of Supervision & Testing on Product Quality, National Supervision & Testing Centre for Food & Food Addictives, Jiangsu Center of Supervision & Testing on Green Degradable Material Quality, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ling Qiao
- Nanjing Institute of Supervision & Testing on Product Quality, National Supervision & Testing Centre for Food & Food Addictives, Jiangsu Center of Supervision & Testing on Green Degradable Material Quality, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Henglin Yu
- Nanjing Institute of Supervision & Testing on Product Quality, National Supervision & Testing Centre for Food & Food Addictives, Jiangsu Center of Supervision & Testing on Green Degradable Material Quality, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ning Xu
- Nanjing Institute of Supervision & Testing on Product Quality, National Supervision & Testing Centre for Food & Food Addictives, Jiangsu Center of Supervision & Testing on Green Degradable Material Quality, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Nanjing Institute of Supervision & Testing on Product Quality, National Supervision & Testing Centre for Food & Food Addictives, Jiangsu Center of Supervision & Testing on Green Degradable Material Quality, Nanjing, PR China
- * E-mail:
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Wijayawardene NN, Pawłowska J, Letcher PM, Kirk PM, Humber RA, Schüßler A, Wrzosek M, Muszewska A, Okrasińska A, Istel Ł, Gęsiorska A, Mungai P, Lateef AA, Rajeshkumar KC, Singh RV, Radek R, Walther G, Wagner L, Walker C, Wijesundara DSA, Papizadeh M, Dolatabadi S, Shenoy BD, Tokarev YS, Lumyong S, Hyde KD. Notes for genera: basal clades of Fungi (including Aphelidiomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Caulochytriomycota, Chytridiomycota, Entomophthoromycota, Glomeromycota, Kickxellomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Mortierellomycota, Mucoromycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Olpidiomycota, Rozellomycota and Zoopagomycota). FUNGAL DIVERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-018-0409-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Nakamura Y, Paetz C, Boland W. Synthesis of methyl 4-dihydrotrisporate B and methyl trisporate B, morphogenetic factors of Zygomycetes fungi. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 73:59-66. [DOI: 10.1515/znc-2017-0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
(9Z)-Methyl 4-dihydrotrisporate B and (9Z)-methyl trisporate B, pheromones of Zygomycetes fungi, have been synthesized using Stille cross-coupling from previously described cyclohexenone precursors. Conducting the coupling without protection groups allowed for a short and stereospecific synthesis route of the late trisporoids. Stability studies for both the compounds revealed (9Z)-methyl trisporate B to be very unstable against UV irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Nakamura
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology , Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , Jena , Germany
| | - Christian Paetz
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology , Biosynthesis/NMR , Jena , Germany
| | - Wilhelm Boland
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology , Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , Hans-Knöll-Straße 8 , 07745 Jena , Germany
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He Z, Wang S, Yang Y, Hu J, Wang C, Li H, Ma B, Yuan Q. β-Carotene production promoted by ethylene in Blakeslea trispora and the mechanism involved in metabolic responses. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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8
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Hu J, Li H, Yang Y, Wang S, Tang P, Li C, Tian G, Yuan Q. Metabolic regulation of α-linolenic acid on β-carotene synthesis in Blakeslea trispora revealed by a GC-MS-based metabolomic approach. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra08748a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ALA promoted β-carotene production in two ways: increasing the dissolved oxygen and decreasing the consumption of acetyl-CoA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Yumeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Shizeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Pingwah Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Chunfang Li
- Beijing Industrial Technician College
- Beijing 100023
- China
| | - Guifang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Qipeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
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Lv S, Wu Y, Zhou J, Lian M, Li C, Xu Y, Liu S, Wang C, Meng Q. The study of fingerprint characteristics of Dayi Pu-Erh tea using a fully automatic HS-SPME/GC-MS and combined chemometrics method. PLoS One 2014; 9:e116428. [PMID: 25551231 PMCID: PMC4281233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The quality of tea is presently evaluated by the sensory assessment of professional tea tasters, however, this approach is both inconsistent and inaccurate. A more standardized and efficient method is urgently needed to objectively evaluate tea quality. In this study, the chemical fingerprint of 7 different Dayi Pu-erh tea brands and 3 different Ya'an tea brands on the market were analyzed using fully automatic headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). A total of 78 volatiles were separated, among 75 volatiles were identified by GC–MS in seven Dayi Pu-erh teas, and the major chemical components included methoxyphenolic compounds, hydrocarbons, and alcohol compounds, such as 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene, 1,2,4-trimethoxybenzene, 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-pentadecane, linalool and its oxides, α-terpineol, and phytol. The overlapping ratio of peaks (ORP) of the chromatogram in the seven Dayi Pu-erh tea samples was greater than 89.55%, whereas the ORP of Ya'an tea samples was less than 79.10%. The similarity and differences of the Dayi Pu-erh tea samples were also characterized using correlation coefficient similarity and principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed that the correlation coefficient of similarity of the seven Dayi Pu-erh tea samples was greater than 0.820 and was gathered in a specific area, which showed that samples from different brands were basically the same, despite have some slightly differences of chemical indexes was found. These results showed that the GC-MS fingerprint combined with the PCA approach can be used as an effective tool for the quality assessment and control of Pu-erh tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shidong Lv
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- Kunming Grain & Oil and Feed Product Quality Inspection Center, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanshuang Wu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangsheng Zhou
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Lian
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Changwen Li
- Yunnan Tasly Deepure Biology Tea Technology Limited Incorporation, Puer, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongquan Xu
- Yunnan Tasly Deepure Biology Tea Technology Limited Incorporation, Puer, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunhang Liu
- Yunnan Tasly Deepure Biology Tea Technology Limited Incorporation, Puer, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wang
- Yunnan Tasly Deepure Biology Tea Technology Limited Incorporation, Puer, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingxiong Meng
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Avoiding acidic region streaking in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis: Case study with two bacterial whole cell protein extracts. J Biosci 2014; 39:631-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-014-9453-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Dewapriya P, Kim SK. Marine microorganisms: An emerging avenue in modern nutraceuticals and functional foods. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kirkwood JS, Maier C, Stevens JF. Simultaneous, untargeted metabolic profiling of polar and nonpolar metabolites by LC-Q-TOF mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; Chapter 4:Unit4.39. [PMID: 23670865 DOI: 10.1002/0471140856.tx0439s56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
At its most ambitious, untargeted metabolomics aims to characterize and quantify all of the metabolites in a given system. Metabolites are often present at a broad range of concentrations and possess diverse physical properties complicating this task. Performing multiple sample extractions, concentrating sample extracts, and using several separation and detection methods are common strategies to overcome these challenges but require a great amount of resources. This protocol describes the untargeted, metabolic profiling of polar and nonpolar metabolites with a single extraction and using a single analytical platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay S Kirkwood
- Linus Pauling Institute and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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Enhanced Lycopene Content in Blakeslea trispora by Effective Mutation-Screening Method. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 171:1692-700. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0468-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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GC–MS-based metabolomics study of the responses to arachidonic acid in Blakeslea trispora. Fungal Genet Biol 2013; 57:33-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 05/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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