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Geng K, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Zhang W, Guo X, He L, Liu K, Yang H, Hong H, Peng J, Peng R. Fluorescent Nanoparticle-RNAi-Mediated Silencing of Sterol Carrier Protein-2 Gene Expression Suppresses the Growth, Development, and Reproduction of Helicoverpa armigera. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13020245. [PMID: 36677998 PMCID: PMC9866532 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Helicoverpa armigera is a polyphagous destructive lepidopteran pest with strong Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) resistance. Cholesterol, a vital component for insect growth, can only be obtained from food, and its transfer and metabolism are regulated by sterol carrier protein-2 (SCP-2). This study examined whether H. armigera SCP-2 (HaSCP-2) gene expression, involved in cholesterol absorption, can be silenced by nanocarrier fluorescent nanoparticle-RNA interference (FNP-RNAi) by larval feeding and whether the silencing affected H. armigera development. Fluorescence microscopy showed that nanoparticle-siRNA was distributed in Ha cells and the larval midgut. FNP-HaSCP-2 siRNA suppressed HaSCP-2 expression by 52.5% in H.armigera Ha cells. FNP can effectively help deliver siRNA into cells, protect siRNA, and is not affected by serum. FNP-siRNA in vivo biological assays showed that HaSCP-2 transcript levels were inhibited by 70.19%, 68.16%, and 67.66% in 3rd, 4th, and 5th instar larvae, leading to a decrease in the cholesterol level in the larval and prepupal fatbodies. The pupation rate and adult emergence were reduced to 26.0% and 56.52%, respectively. This study demonstrated that FNP could deliver siRNA to cells and improve siRNA knockdown efficiency. HaSCP-2 knockdown by FNP-siRNA in vivo hindered H. armigera growth and development. FNP could enhance RNAi efficiency to achieve pest control by SCP-2-targeted FNP-RNAi.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rong Peng
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-67867221
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2
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Xu C, Li H, Tang CK. Sterol carrier protein 2 in lipid metabolism and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Pathophysiology, molecular biology, and potential clinical implications. Metabolism 2022; 131:155180. [PMID: 35311663 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered as the most common chronic liver disease and has become a rapidly global public health problem. Sterol carrier protein 2 (SCP-2), also called non-specific lipid-transfer protein, is predominantly expressed by the liver. SCP-2 plays a key role in intracellular lipid transport and metabolism. SCP-2 has been closely implicated in the development of NAFLD-related metabolic disorders, such as obesity, atherosclerosis, Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and gallstones. Recent studies indicate that SCP-2 plays a beneficial role in NAFLD by regulating cholesterol-, endocannabinoid-, and fatty acid-related aspects of lipid metabolism. Hence, in this paper, we summarize the latest findings about the roles of SCP-2 in hepatic steatosis and further describe its molecular function in the pathogenesis of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Xu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Department of Cardiology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Heng Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Department of Cardiology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China.
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Department of Cardiology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China.
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3
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Xu C, Li H, Tang CK. Sterol Carrier Protein 2: A promising target in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Genes Dis 2022; 10:457-467. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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França LP, Amaral ACF, Ramos ADS, Ferreira JLP, Maria ACB, Oliveira KMT, Araujo ES, Branches ADS, Silva JN, Silva NG, Barros GDA, Chaves FCM, Tadei WP, Silva JRDA. Piper capitarianum essential oil: a promising insecticidal agent for the management of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:9760-9776. [PMID: 33159226 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11148-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mosquitoes are responsible for serious public health problems worldwide, and as such, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are important vectors in the transmission of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika in Brazil and other countries of the world. Due to growing resistance to chemical insecticides among populations of vectors, environmentally friendly strategies for vector management are receiving ever more attention. Essential oils (EOs) extracted from plants have activities against insects with multiple mechanisms of action. These mechanisms hinder the development of resistance, and have the advantages of being less toxicity and biodegradable. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition of the EOs obtained from Piper capitarianum Yunck, as well as evaluating their insecticidal potential against Aedes aegypti and A. albopictus, and their toxicity in relation to Artemia salina. The yields of the EOs extracted from the leaves, stems, and inflorescences of P. capitarianum were 1.2%, 0.9%, and 0.6%, respectively, and their main constituents were trans-caryophyllene (20.0%), α-humulene (10.2%), β-myrcene (10.5%), α-selinene (7.2%), and linalool (6.0%). The EO from the inflorescences was the most active against A. aegypti and A. albopictus, and exhibited the respective larvicidal (LC50 = 87.6 μg/mL and 76.1 μg/mL) and adulticide activities (LC50 = 126.2 μg/mL and 124.5 μg/mL). This EO was also the most active in the inhibition of AChE, since it presented an IC50 value of 14.2 μg/mL. Its larvicidal effect was observed under optical and scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, non-toxic effects against A. salina were observed. Docking modeling of trans-caryophyllene and α-humulene on sterol carrier protein-2 (SCP-2) suggests that both molecules have affinity with the active site of the enzyme, which indicates a possible mechanism of action. Therefore, the essential oil of P. capitarianum may be used in the development of new insecticide targets for the control of A. aegypti and A. albopictus in the Amazonian environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro P França
- Chromatography Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia F Amaral
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plants and Derivatives, Department of Chemistry of Natural Products, Farmanguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Aline de S Ramos
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plants and Derivatives, Department of Chemistry of Natural Products, Farmanguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Luiz P Ferreira
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plants and Derivatives, Department of Chemistry of Natural Products, Farmanguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Clara B Maria
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plants and Derivatives, Department of Chemistry of Natural Products, Farmanguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Kelson Mota T Oliveira
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Earle S Araujo
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Adjane Dalvana S Branches
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Jonathas N Silva
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Noam G Silva
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Gabriel de A Barros
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | | | - Wanderli P Tadei
- Laboratory of Malaria and Dengue, Institute for Research in the Amazon, Manaus, AM, Brazil
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Guo Z, Qin J, Zhou X, Zhang Y. Insect Transcription Factors: A Landscape of Their Structures and Biological Functions in Drosophila and beyond. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113691. [PMID: 30469390 PMCID: PMC6274879 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) play essential roles in the transcriptional regulation of functional genes, and are involved in diverse physiological processes in living organisms. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, a simple and easily manipulated organismal model, has been extensively applied to study the biological functions of TFs and their related transcriptional regulation mechanisms. It is noteworthy that with the development of genetic tools such as CRISPR/Cas9 and the next-generation genome sequencing techniques in recent years, identification and dissection the complex genetic regulatory networks of TFs have also made great progress in other insects beyond Drosophila. However, unfortunately, there is no comprehensive review that systematically summarizes the structures and biological functions of TFs in both model and non-model insects. Here, we spend extensive effort in collecting vast related studies, and attempt to provide an impartial overview of the progress of the structure and biological functions of current documented TFs in insects, as well as the classical and emerging research methods for studying their regulatory functions. Consequently, considering the importance of versatile TFs in orchestrating diverse insect physiological processes, this review will assist a growing number of entomologists to interrogate this understudied field, and to propel the progress of their contributions to pest control and even human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojiang Guo
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Jianying Qin
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
- Longping Branch, Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Xiaomao Zhou
- Longping Branch, Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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Xiang M, Zhang X, Deng Y, Li Y, Yu J, Zhu J, Huang X, Zhou J, Liao H. Comparative transcriptome analysis provides insights of anti-insect molecular mechanism of Cassia obtusifolia trypsin inhibitor against Pieris rapae. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 97:e21427. [PMID: 29193258 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pieris rapae, a serious Lepidoptera pest of cultivated crucifers, utilizes midgut enzymes to digest food and detoxify secondary metabolites from host plants. A recombinant trypsin inhibitor (COTI) from nonhost plant, Cassia obtusifolia, significantly decreased activities of trypsin-like proteases in the larval midgut on Pieris rapae and could suppress the growth of larvae. In order to know how COTI took effect, transcriptional profiles of P. rapae midgut in response to COTI was studied. A total of 51,544 unigenes were generated and 45.86% of which had homologs in public databases. Most of the regulated genes associated with digestion, detoxification, homeostasis, and resistance were downregulated after ingestion of COTI. Meanwhile, several unigenes in the integrin signaling pathway might be involved in response to COTI. Furthermore, using comparative transcriptome analysis, we detected differently expressing genes and identified a new reference gene, UPF3, by qRT-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Therefore, it was suggested that not only proteolysis inhibition, but also suppression of expression of genes involved in metabolism, development, signaling, and defense might account for the anti-insect resistance of COTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Xiang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yin Deng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jihua Yu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianquan Zhu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinhe Huang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiayu Zhou
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hai Liao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Airs PM, Bartholomay LC. RNA Interference for Mosquito and Mosquito-Borne Disease Control. INSECTS 2017; 8:E4. [PMID: 28067782 PMCID: PMC5371932 DOI: 10.3390/insects8010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful tool to silence endogenous mosquito and mosquito-borne pathogen genes in vivo. As the number of studies utilizing RNAi in basic research grows, so too does the arsenal of physiological targets that can be developed into products that interrupt mosquito life cycles and behaviors and, thereby, relieve the burden of mosquitoes on human health and well-being. As this technology becomes more viable for use in beneficial and pest insect management in agricultural settings, it is exciting to consider its role in public health entomology. Existing and burgeoning strategies for insecticide delivery could be adapted to function as RNAi trigger delivery systems and thereby expedite transformation of RNAi from the lab to the field for mosquito control. Taken together, development of RNAi-based vector and pathogen management techniques & strategies are within reach. That said, tools for successful RNAi design, studies exploring RNAi in the context of vector control, and studies demonstrating field efficacy of RNAi trigger delivery have yet to be honed and/or developed for mosquito control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Airs
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Lyric C Bartholomay
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Liang LN, Zhang LL, Zeng BJ, Zheng SC, Feng QL. Transcription factor CAAT/enhancer-binding protein is involved in regulation of expression of sterol carrier protein x in Spodoptera litura. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 24:551-560. [PMID: 26174044 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Spodoptera litura sterol carrier protein x (SlSCPx) gene is expressed in various tissues throughout the life cycle and plays important role in sterol absorption and transport. In this study, the effects of insect hormones (20-hydroexcdysone and juvenile hormone) and lipids (arachidonic acid, cholesterol) on the expression of SlSCPx was analysed by reverse-transcriptase PCR. The results showed that none of these substances significantly induced the expression of SlSCPx in Spodoptera litura-221 (Spli-221) cells. To identify the transcription factors responsible for regulation of SlSCPx expression, a 3311-bp promoter sequence of the gene was cloned. Transcriptional activity of the promoter was studied using an in vivo promoter/reporter system and a 29-bp sequence between -1000 and -1029 nucleotides (nt) upstream of this gene was found to be responsible for the up-regulation of the gene. Over-expression of CAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) in Spli-221 cells increased the promoter activity 5.57-fold. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that two nuclear proteins bound to this sequence. Recombinant C/EBP specifically bound with a putative cis-regulatory element (CRE). Mutation of the C/EBP CRE abolished the binding of the C/EBP with the CRE. These results suggest that the transcription factor C/EBP may regulate the expression of SlSCPx by binding to the CRE in the promoter of this gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-N Liang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Entomology, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - L-L Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Entomology, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - B-J Zeng
- Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Entomology, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - S-C Zheng
- Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Entomology, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Q-L Feng
- Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Entomology, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Fu Q, Inankur B, Yin J, Striker R, Lan Q. Sterol Carrier Protein 2, a Critical Host Factor for Dengue Virus Infection, Alters the Cholesterol Distribution in Mosquito Aag2 Cells. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 52:1124-1134. [PMID: 26336241 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjv101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Host factors that enable dengue virus (DENV) to propagate in the mosquito host cells are unclear. It is known that cellular cholesterol plays an important role in the life cycle of DENV in human host cells but unknown if the lipid requirements differ for mosquito versus mammalian. In mosquito Aedes aegypti, sterol carrier protein 2 (SCP-2) is critical for cellular cholesterol homeostasis. In this study, we identified SCP-2 as a critical host factor for DENV production in mosquito Aag2 cells. Treatment with a small molecule commonly referred to as SCPI-1, (N-(4-{[4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]amino}phenyl)acetamide hydrobromide, a known inhibitor of SCP-2, or knockdown of SCP-2 dramatically repressed the virus production in mosquito but not mammalian cells. We showed that the intracellular cholesterol distribution in mosquito cells was altered by SCP-2 inhibitor treatment, suggesting that SCP-2-mediated cholesterol trafficking pathway is important for DENV viral production. A comparison of the effect of SCP-2 on mosquito and human cells suggests that SCPI-1 treatment decreases cholesterol in both cell lines, but this decrease in cholesterol only leads to a decline in viral titer in mosquito host cells, perhaps, owing to a more drastic effect on perinuclear cholesterol storages in mosquito cells that was absent in human cells. SCP-2 had no inhibitory effect on another enveloped RNA virus grown in mosquito cells, suggesting that SCP-2 does not have a generalized anti-cellular or antiviral effect. Our cell culture results imply that SCP-2 may play a limiting role in mosquito-dengue vector competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI.
| | - Bahar Inankur
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI
| | - John Yin
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI
| | - Rob Striker
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI
| | - Que Lan
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI. Deceased
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