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Ali M, Huarte OU, Heurtaux T, Garcia P, Rodriguez BP, Grzyb K, Halder R, Skupin A, Buttini M, Glaab E. Single-Cell Transcriptional Profiling and Gene Regulatory Network Modeling in Tg2576 Mice Reveal Gender-Dependent Molecular Features Preceding Alzheimer-Like Pathologies. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:541-566. [PMID: 35980567 PMCID: PMC10861719 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02985-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) onset and progression is influenced by a complex interplay of several environmental and genetic factors, one of them gender. Pronounced gender differences have been observed both in the relative risk of developing AD and in clinical disease manifestations. A molecular level understanding of these gender disparities is still missing, but could provide important clues on cellular mechanisms modulating the disease and reveal new targets for gender-oriented disease-modifying precision therapies. We therefore present here a comprehensive single-cell analysis of disease-associated molecular gender differences in transcriptomics data from the neocortex, one of the brain regions most susceptible to AD, in one of the most widely used AD mouse models, the Tg2576 model. Cortical areas are also most commonly used in studies of post-mortem AD brains. To identify disease-linked molecular processes that occur before the onset of detectable neuropathology, we focused our analyses on an age with no detectable plaques and microgliosis. Cell-type specific alterations were investigated at the level of individual genes, pathways, and gene regulatory networks. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was not large enough to build context-specific gene regulatory networks for each individual cell type, and thus, we focused on the study of cell types with dominant changes and included analyses of changes across the combination of cell types. We observed significant disease-associated gender differences in cellular processes related to synapse organization and reactive oxygen species metabolism, and identified a limited set of transcription factors, including Egr1 and Klf6, as key regulators of many of the disease-associated and gender-dependent gene expression changes in the model. Overall, our analyses revealed significant cell-type specific gene expression changes in individual genes, pathways and sub-networks, including gender-specific and gender-dimorphic changes in both upstream transcription factors and their downstream targets, in the Tg2576 AD model before the onset of overt disease. This opens a window into molecular events that could determine gender-susceptibility to AD, and uncovers tractable target candidates for potential gender-specific precision medicine for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, 6200, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Oihane Uriarte Huarte
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), L-3555, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Tony Heurtaux
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), L-3555, Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine (DLSM), University of Luxembourg, L‑4362, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Pierre Garcia
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), L-3555, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Beatriz Pardo Rodriguez
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), L-3555, Dudelange, Luxembourg
- University of the Basque Country, Cell Biology and Histology Department, 48940, Leioa, Vizcaya, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Kamil Grzyb
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Rashi Halder
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Alexander Skupin
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, 162a av. de la Faïencerie, 1511, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Manuel Buttini
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), L-3555, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Enrico Glaab
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
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Rani K, Pal A, Gurnani B, Agarwala P, Sasmal DK, Jain N. An Innate Host Defense Protein β 2-Microglobulin Keeps a Check on α-Synuclein amyloid Assembly: Implications in Parkinson's Disease. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:168285. [PMID: 37741548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid formation due to protein misfolding has gained significant attention due to its association with neurodegenerative diseases. α-Synuclein (α-syn) is one such protein that undergoes a profound conformational switch to form higher order cross-β-sheet structures, resulting in amyloid formation, which is linked to the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). The present status of research on α-syn aggregation and PD reveals that the disease progression may be linked with many other diseases, such as kidney-related disorders. Unraveling the link between PD and non-neurological diseases may help in early detection and a better understanding of PD progression. Herein, we investigated the modulation of α-syn in the presence of β2-microglobulin (β2m), a structural protein associated with dialysis-related amyloidosis. We took a multi-disciplinary approach to establish that β2m mitigates amyloid formation by α-syn. Our fluorescence, microscopy and toxicity data demonstrated that sub-stoichiometric ratio of β2m drives α-syn into off-pathway non-toxic aggregates incompetent of transforming into amyloids. Using AlphaFold2 and all-atom MD simulation, we showed that the β-strand segments (β1 and β2) of α-synuclein, which frequently engage in interactions within amyloid fibrils, interact with the last β-strand at the C-terminal of β2m. The outcome of this study will unravel the yet unknown potential linkage of PD with kidney-related disorders. Insights from the cross-talk between two amyloidogenic proteins will lead to early diagnosis and new therapeutic approaches for treating Parkinson's disease. Finally, disruption of the nucleation process of α-syn amyloids by targeting the β1-β2 region will constitute a potential therapeutic approach for inhibiting amyloid formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Rani
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH 62, Nagaur Road, Karwar 342030, Rajasthan, India. https://twitter.com/khushboo251995
| | - Arumay Pal
- School of Bioengineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India. https://twitter.com/Arumay_Pal
| | - Bharat Gurnani
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH 62, Nagaur Road, Karwar 342030, Rajasthan, India. https://twitter.com/bgurnani05
| | - Pratibha Agarwala
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH 62, Nagaur Road, Karwar 342030, Rajasthan, India
| | - Dibyendu K Sasmal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH 62, Nagaur Road, Karwar 342030, Rajasthan, India
| | - Neha Jain
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH 62, Nagaur Road, Karwar 342030, Rajasthan, India; Centre for Emerging Technologies for Sustainable Development (CETSD), Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Nagaur Road, Karwar 342030, Rajasthan, India.
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Silini AR, Ramuta TŽ, Pires AS, Banerjee A, Dubus M, Gindraux F, Kerdjoudj H, Maciulatis J, Weidinger A, Wolbank S, Eissner G, Giebel B, Pozzobon M, Parolini O, Kreft ME. Methods and criteria for validating the multimodal functions of perinatal derivatives when used in oncological and antimicrobial applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:958669. [PMID: 36312547 PMCID: PMC9607958 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.958669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal derivatives or PnDs refer to tissues, cells and secretomes from perinatal, or birth-associated tissues. In the past 2 decades PnDs have been highly investigated for their multimodal mechanisms of action that have been exploited in various disease settings, including in different cancers and infections. Indeed, there is growing evidence that PnDs possess anticancer and antimicrobial activities, but an urgent issue that needs to be addressed is the reproducible evaluation of efficacy, both in vitro and in vivo. Herein we present the most commonly used functional assays for the assessment of antitumor and antimicrobial properties of PnDs, and we discuss their advantages and disadvantages in assessing the functionality. This review is part of a quadrinomial series on functional assays for the validation of PnDs spanning biological functions such as immunomodulation, anticancer and antimicrobial, wound healing, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta R. Silini
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy
| | - Taja Železnik Ramuta
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Salomé Pires
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Institute of Biophysics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Asmita Banerjee
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marie Dubus
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, EA 4691 Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux (BIOS), Reims, France
| | - Florelle Gindraux
- Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Traumatologique et Plastique, CHU Besançon and Laboratoire de Nanomédecine, Imagerie, Thérapeutique EA 4662, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Halima Kerdjoudj
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, EA 4691 Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux (BIOS), Reims, France
| | - Justinas Maciulatis
- The Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Adelheid Weidinger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Wolbank
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Günther Eissner
- Systems Biology Ireland, UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michela Pozzobon
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città Della Speranza, Padoa, Italy
| | - Ornella Parolini
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mateja Erdani Kreft
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- *Correspondence: Mateja Erdani Kreft,
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Porschen C, Schmitz R, Schmidt R, Oelmeier K, Hammer K, Falkenberg M, Braun J, Köster HA, Steinhard J, Möllers M. Second trimester fetal thymus size in association to preterm birth. J Perinat Med 2022; 50:144-149. [PMID: 34710316 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2021-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare the second trimester thymus-thorax-ratio (TTR) between fetuses born preterm (study group) and those born after 37 weeks of gestation were completed (control group). METHODS This study was conducted as a retrospective evaluation of the ultrasound images of 492 fetuses in the three vessel view. The TTR was defined as the quotient of a.p. thymus diameter and a.p. thoracic diameter. RESULTS Fetuses that were preterm showed larger TTR (p<0.001) the second trimester than those born after 37 weeks of gestation were completed. The sensitivity of a binary classifier based on TTR for predicting preterm birth (PTB) was 0.792 and the specificity 0.552. CONCLUSIONS In our study, fetuses affected by PTB showed enlarged thymus size. These findings led us to hypothesize, that inflammation and immunomodulatory processes are altered early in pregnancies affected by PTB. However, TTR alone is not able to predict PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Porschen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Münster, Munster, Germany
| | - Ralf Schmitz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Münster, Munster, Germany
| | - Rene Schmidt
- Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, University of Münster, Munster, Germany
| | - Kathrin Oelmeier
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Münster, Munster, Germany
| | - Kerstin Hammer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Münster, Munster, Germany
| | - Maria Falkenberg
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Münster, Munster, Germany
| | - Janina Braun
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Münster, Munster, Germany
| | - Helen Ann Köster
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Münster, Munster, Germany
| | - Johannes Steinhard
- Fetal Cardiology, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Mareike Möllers
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Münster, Munster, Germany
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Glaab E, Rauschenberger A, Banzi R, Gerardi C, Garcia P, Demotes J. Biomarker discovery studies for patient stratification using machine learning analysis of omics data: a scoping review. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e053674. [PMID: 34873011 PMCID: PMC8650485 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review biomarker discovery studies using omics data for patient stratification which led to clinically validated FDA-cleared tests or laboratory developed tests, in order to identify common characteristics and derive recommendations for future biomarker projects. DESIGN Scoping review. METHODS We searched PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science to obtain a comprehensive list of articles from the biomedical literature published between January 2000 and July 2021, describing clinically validated biomarker signatures for patient stratification, derived using statistical learning approaches. All documents were screened to retain only peer-reviewed research articles, review articles or opinion articles, covering supervised and unsupervised machine learning applications for omics-based patient stratification. Two reviewers independently confirmed the eligibility. Disagreements were solved by consensus. We focused the final analysis on omics-based biomarkers which achieved the highest level of validation, that is, clinical approval of the developed molecular signature as a laboratory developed test or FDA approved tests. RESULTS Overall, 352 articles fulfilled the eligibility criteria. The analysis of validated biomarker signatures identified multiple common methodological and practical features that may explain the successful test development and guide future biomarker projects. These include study design choices to ensure sufficient statistical power for model building and external testing, suitable combinations of non-targeted and targeted measurement technologies, the integration of prior biological knowledge, strict filtering and inclusion/exclusion criteria, and the adequacy of statistical and machine learning methods for discovery and validation. CONCLUSIONS While most clinically validated biomarker models derived from omics data have been developed for personalised oncology, first applications for non-cancer diseases show the potential of multivariate omics biomarker design for other complex disorders. Distinctive characteristics of prior success stories, such as early filtering and robust discovery approaches, continuous improvements in assay design and experimental measurement technology, and rigorous multicohort validation approaches, enable the derivation of specific recommendations for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Glaab
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Armin Rauschenberger
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Rita Banzi
- Center for Health Regulatory Policies, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Gerardi
- Center for Health Regulatory Policies, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Paula Garcia
- European Clinical Research Infrastructure Network, ECRIN, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Demotes
- European Clinical Research Infrastructure Network, ECRIN, Paris, France
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Holch A, Bauer R, Olari LR, Rodriguez AA, Ständker L, Preising N, Karacan M, Wiese S, Walther P, Ruiz-Blanco YB, Sanchez-Garcia E, Schumann C, Münch J, Spellerberg B. Respiratory ß-2-Microglobulin exerts pH dependent antimicrobial activity. Virulence 2021; 11:1402-1414. [PMID: 33092477 PMCID: PMC7588194 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1831367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The respiratory tract is a major entry site for microbial pathogens. To combat bacterial infections, the immune system has various defense mechanisms at its disposal, including antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). To search for novel AMPs from the respiratory tract, a peptide library from human broncho-alveolar-lavage (BAL) fluid was screened for antimicrobial activity by radial diffusion assays allowing the efficient detection of antibacterial activity within a small sample size. After repeated testing-cycles and subsequent purification, we identified ß-2-microglobulin (B2M) in antibacterially active fractions. B2M belongs to the MHC-1 receptor complex present at the surface of nucleated cells. It is known to inhibit the growth of Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli and to facilitate phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus. Using commercially available B2M we confirmed a dose-dependent inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and L. monocytogenes. To characterize AMP activity within the B2M sequence, peptide fragments of the molecule were tested for antimicrobial activity. Activity could be localized to the C-terminal part of B2M. Investigating pH dependency of the antimicrobial activity of B2M demonstrated an increased activity at pH values of 5.5 and below, a hallmark of infection and inflammation. Sytox green uptake into bacterial cells following the exposure to B2M was determined and revealed a pH-dependent loss of bacterial membrane integrity. TEM analysis showed areas of disrupted bacterial membranes in L. monocytogenes incubated with B2M and high amounts of lysed bacterial cells. In conclusion, B2M as part of a ubiquitous cell surface complex may represent a potent antimicrobial agent by interfering with bacterial membrane integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Holch
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital , Ulm, Germany
| | - Richard Bauer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital , Ulm, Germany
| | - Lia-Raluca Olari
- Institute of Molecular Virology, University Hospital , Ulm, Germany
| | - Armando A Rodriguez
- Core Facility Functional Peptidomics, Ulm University Medical Center , Ulm, Germany.,Core Unit Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Ulm University , Ulm, Germany
| | - Ludger Ständker
- Core Facility Functional Peptidomics, Ulm University Medical Center , Ulm, Germany
| | - Nico Preising
- Core Facility Functional Peptidomics, Ulm University Medical Center , Ulm, Germany
| | - Merve Karacan
- Core Facility Functional Peptidomics, Ulm University Medical Center , Ulm, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wiese
- Core Unit Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Ulm University , Ulm, Germany
| | - Paul Walther
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Ulm University Medical Center , Ulm, Germany
| | - Yasser B Ruiz-Blanco
- Computational Biochemistry, Center of Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen, Germany
| | - Elsa Sanchez-Garcia
- Computational Biochemistry, Center of Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Schumann
- Pneumology, Thoracic Oncology, Sleep and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Clinics Kempten-Allgäu, Kempten and Immenstadt , Germany
| | - Jan Münch
- Institute of Molecular Virology, University Hospital , Ulm, Germany.,Core Facility Functional Peptidomics, Ulm University Medical Center , Ulm, Germany
| | - Barbara Spellerberg
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital , Ulm, Germany
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Chiou SJ, Ko HJ, Hwang CC, Hong YR. The Double-Edged Sword of Beta2-Microglobulin in Antibacterial Properties and Amyloid Fibril-Mediated Cytotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126330. [PMID: 34199259 PMCID: PMC8231965 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta2-microglobulin (B2M) a key component of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules, which aid cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) immune response. However, the majority of studies of B2M have focused only on amyloid fibrils in pathogenesis to the neglect of its role of antimicrobial activity. Indeed, B2M also plays an important role in innate defense and does not only function as an adjuvant for CTL response. A previous study discovered that human aggregated B2M binds the surface protein structure in Streptococci, and a similar study revealed that sB2M-9, derived from native B2M, functions as an antibacterial chemokine that binds Staphylococcus aureus. An investigation of sB2M-9 exhibiting an early lymphocyte recruitment in the human respiratory epithelium with bacterial challenge may uncover previously unrecognized aspects of B2M in the body’s innate defense against Mycobactrium tuberculosis. B2M possesses antimicrobial activity that operates primarily under pH-dependent acidic conditions at which B2M and fragmented B2M may become a nucleus seed that triggers self-aggregation into distinct states, such as oligomers and amyloid fibrils. Modified B2M can act as an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) against a wide range of microbes. Specifically, these AMPs disrupt microbe membranes, a feature similar to that of amyloid fibril mediated cytotoxicity toward eukaryotes. This study investigated two similar but nonidentical effects of B2M: the physiological role of B2M, in which it potentially acts against microbes in innate defense and the role of B2M in amyloid fibrils, in which it disrupts the membrane of pathological cells. Moreover, we explored the pH-governing antibacterial activity of B2M and acidic pH mediated B2M amyloid fibrils underlying such cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shean-Jaw Chiou
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (H.-J.K.); (C.-C.H.)
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-J.C.); (Y.-R.H.)
| | - Huey-Jiun Ko
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (H.-J.K.); (C.-C.H.)
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ching Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (H.-J.K.); (C.-C.H.)
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ren Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (H.-J.K.); (C.-C.H.)
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-J.C.); (Y.-R.H.)
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8
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Manuck TA, Eaves LA, Rager JE, Fry RC. Mid-pregnancy maternal blood nitric oxide-related gene and miRNA expression are associated with preterm birth. Epigenomics 2021; 13:667-682. [PMID: 33890487 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The nitric oxide (NO) pathway modulates inflammation and may influence birth timing. Patients & methods: Case-control analysis of 136 pregnant women with RNA obtained <28 weeks; n = 212 mRNAs and n = 108 miRNAs in the NO pathway were evaluated. NO-pathway mRNA and miRNA transcript counts in women delivering preterm versus at term were compared, miRNA-mRNA expression levels correlated and prediction models generated. Results: Fourteen genes were differentially expressed in women delivering <37 weeks; 13/14 were also differentially expressed in those delivering <34 weeks (q <0.10) versus term births. Multiple miRNA-mRNA pairs were correlated. Models with gene expression better predicted prematurity than models with only clinical or nongenomic predictors. Conclusion: Maternal blood NO pathway-related mRNA and miRNA expression is associated with prematurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy A Manuck
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lauren A Eaves
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Julia E Rager
- Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Rebecca C Fry
- Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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9
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Cervical Gardnerella vaginalis in women with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245937. [PMID: 33481958 PMCID: PMC7822511 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the association between microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (MIAC) and/or intra-amniotic inflammation (IAI) and the cervical prevalence of Gardnerella vaginalis DNA in pregnancies with preterm prelabor rupture of membrane (PPROM). Method In total, 405 women with singleton pregnancies complicated with PPROM were included. Cervical fluid and amniotic fluid samples were collected at the time of admission. Bacterial and G. vaginalis DNA were assessed in the cervical fluid samples using quantitative PCR technique. Concentrations of interleukin-6 and MIAC were evaluated in the amniotic fluid samples. Loads of G. vaginalis DNA ≥ 1% of the total cervical bacterial DNA were used to define the cervical prevalence of G. vaginalis as abundant. Based on the MIAC and IAI, women were categorized into four groups: with intra-amniotic infection (both MIAC and IAI), with sterile IAI (IAI without MIAC), with MIAC without IAI, and without either MIAC or IAI. Results The presence of the abundant cervical G. vaginalis was related to MIAC (with: 65% vs. without: 44%; p = 0.0004) but not IAI (with: 52% vs. without: 48%; p = 0.70). Women with MIAC without IAI had the highest load of the cervical G. vaginalis DNA (median 2.0 × 104 copies DNA/mL) and the highest presence of abundant cervical G. vaginalis (73%). Conclusions In women with PPROM, the presence of cervical G. vaginalis was associated with MIAC, mainly without the concurrent presence of IAI.
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Kacerovsky M, Pliskova L, Bolehovska R, Gerychova R, Janku P, Matlak P, Simetka O, Faist T, Mls J, Vescicik P, Zemlickova H, Jacobsson B, Musilova I. Lactobacilli-dominated cervical microbiota in women with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. Pediatr Res 2020; 87:952-960. [PMID: 31791041 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0692-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine the association between microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (MIAC) and the presence of Lactobacillus crispatus- or Lactobacillus iners-dominated cervical microbiota in pregnancies with preterm prelabor rupture of membrane. Next, to assess the relationship between the presence of L. crispatus- or L. iners-dominated cervical microbiota and short-term neonatal morbidity. METHOD A total of 311 women were included. Cervical samples were obtained using a Dacron polyester swab and amniotic fluid samples were obtained by transabdominal amniocentesis. Bacterial DNA, L. crispatus, and L. iners in the cervical samples were assessed by PCR. Cervical microbiota was assigned as L. crispatus- or L. iners-dominated when the relative abundance of L. crispatus or L. iners was ≥50% of the whole cervical microbiota, respectively. RESULTS Women with MIAC showed a lower rate of L. crispatus-dominated cervical microbiota (21% vs. 39%; p = 0.003) than those without MIAC. Lactobacillus crispatus-dominated cervical microbiota was associated with a lower rate of early-onset sepsis (0% vs. 5%; p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS The presence of L. crispatus-dominated cervical microbiota in women with preterm prelabor rupture of membrane was associated with a lower risk of intra-amniotic complications and subsequent development of early-onset sepsis of newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Kacerovsky
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Charles University Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic. .,Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Pliskova
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Bolehovska
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Romana Gerychova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Brno, Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Janku
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Brno, Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Matlak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Simetka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Faist
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Charles University Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Mls
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Charles University Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Vescicik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Charles University Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Zemlickova
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Medicine Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Bo Jacobsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Domain of Health Data and Digitalisation, Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivana Musilova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Charles University Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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11
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Pauletto M, Cattelan S, Pilastro A, Babbucci M, Bargelloni L, Gasparini C. Molecular insights into post-mating immune response in a fish with internal fertilization. J Evol Biol 2020; 33:751-761. [PMID: 32150779 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The tight connection between immunity and reproduction has been studied for decades. However, basic knowledge at the molecular level of the effect of mating on immune function is still lacking in many taxa. Determining whether and how the immune system is engaged after mating is a crucial step in understanding post-mating mechanisms of reproduction and sexual selection. Here, we study the transcriptional changes in immunity-related genes caused by the ejaculate in the female reproductive tract using a model species for sexual selection studies, the guppy Poecilia reticulata. To study changes triggered by the ejaculate only, rather than caused by mating, we used artificial inseminations to transfer ejaculate into females. We then compared gene expression in the reproductive tract (gonoduct and ovary) of females artificially inseminated either with ejaculate or with a control solution, after 1 hr and after 6 hr. Overall, contact with ejaculate caused short-term changes in the expression of immune-related genes in the female reproductive tract, with a complex pattern of up- and down-regulation of immune-related pathways, but with clear indication of a marked down-regulation of the immune system shortly after ejaculate contact. This suggests a link between immune function and processes occurring between mating and fertilization in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Pauletto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | | | | | - Massimiliano Babbucci
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Luca Bargelloni
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Clelia Gasparini
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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Chen X, Yi Y, You X, Liu J, Shi Q. High-Throughput Identification of Putative Antimicrobial Peptides from Multi-Omics Data of the Lined Seahorse ( Hippocampus erectus). Mar Drugs 2019; 18:md18010030. [PMID: 31905755 PMCID: PMC7024384 DOI: 10.3390/md18010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lined seahorse (Hippocampus erectus), the most widely cultivated seahorse in China, has been in short supply because of its important medicinal value; meanwhile, unnatural deaths caused by various diseases (especially enteritis) have limited their practical large-scale aquaculture. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), as the best alternative to antibiotics, have been extensively applied in agricultural practices. In this study, we identified 290 putative AMP sequences from our previously published genome and transcriptome data of the lined seahorse. Among them, 267 are novel, and 118 were validated by our proteome data generated in the present study. It seems that there is a tissue preference in the distribution of AMP/AMP precursor transcripts, such as lectins in the male pouch. In addition, their transcription levels usually varied during development. Interestingly, the representative lectins kept extremely high levels at the pre-pregnancy stage while at relatively lower levels at other stages. Especially Lectin25, with the highest transcription levels and significant developmental changes, has been reported to be involved in seahorse and human pregnancy. The comparison of transcriptome data between one-day and three-month juveniles indicated that Hemoglobin2 (Hemo2) was significantly upregulated in the body, haslet, and brain. Our proteome data of female and male individuals revealed three putative AMP precursors with sexual specificity, including two male-biased cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK-like16 and CDK-like23) and one female-biased bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor 2 (BPTI2). In conclusion, our present high-throughput identification of putative AMP sequences from multi-omics (including genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics) data provides an overview of AMPs in the popular lined seahorse, which lays a solid foundation for further development of AMP-based fish food additives and human drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyang Chen
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China; (X.C.); (Y.Y.); (X.Y.)
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Yunhai Yi
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China; (X.C.); (Y.Y.); (X.Y.)
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Xinxin You
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China; (X.C.); (Y.Y.); (X.Y.)
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Jie Liu
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China;
| | - Qiong Shi
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China; (X.C.); (Y.Y.); (X.Y.)
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China
- Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-185-6627-9826; Fax: +86-755-3630-7807
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Laputková G, Schwartzová V, Bánovčin J, Alexovič M, Sabo J. Salivary Protein Roles in Oral Health and as Predictors of Caries Risk. Open Life Sci 2018; 13:174-200. [PMID: 33817083 PMCID: PMC7874700 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2018-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This work describes the current state of research on the potential relationship between protein content in human saliva and dental caries, which remains among the most common oral diseases and causes irreversible damage in the oral cavity. An understanding the whole saliva proteome in the oral cavity could serve as a prerequisite to obtaining insight into the etiology of tooth decay at early stages. To date, however, there is no comprehensive evidence showing that salivary proteins could serve as potential indicators for the early diagnosis of the risk factors causing dental caries. Therefore, proteomics indicates the promising direction of future investigations of such factors, including diagnosis and thus prevention in dental therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Laputková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of P. J. Šafárik in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, Košice, 040 11, Slovakia
| | - Vladimíra Schwartzová
- 1st Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of P. J. Šafárik in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, Košice, 040 11, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Bánovčin
- Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of P. J. Šafárik in Košice, Rastislavova 43, Košice, 041 90, Slovakia
| | - Michal Alexovič
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of P. J. Šafárik in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, Košice, 040 11, Slovakia
| | - Ján Sabo
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of P. J. Šafárik in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, Košice, 040 11, Slovakia
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High-Throughput Identification of Antimicrobial Peptides from Amphibious Mudskippers. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15110364. [PMID: 29165344 PMCID: PMC5706053 DOI: 10.3390/md15110364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Widespread existence of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) has been reported in various animals with comprehensive biological activities, which is consistent with the important roles of AMPs as the first line of host defense system. However, no big-data-based analysis on AMPs from any fish species is available. In this study, we identified 507 AMP transcripts on the basis of our previously reported genomes and transcriptomes of two representative amphibious mudskippers, Boleophthalmus pectinirostris (BP) and Periophthalmus magnuspinnatus (PM). The former is predominantly aquatic with less time out of water, while the latter is primarily terrestrial with extended periods of time on land. Within these identified AMPs, 449 sequences are novel; 15 were reported in BP previously; 48 are identically overlapped between BP and PM; 94 were validated by mass spectrometry. Moreover, most AMPs presented differential tissue transcription patterns in the two mudskippers. Interestingly, we discovered two AMPs, hemoglobin β1 and amylin, with high inhibitions on Micrococcus luteus. In conclusion, our high-throughput screening strategy based on genomic and transcriptomic data opens an efficient pathway to discover new antimicrobial peptides for ongoing development of marine drugs.
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Vora NL, Smeester L, Boggess K, Fry RC. Investigating the Role of Fetal Gene Expression in Preterm Birth. Reprod Sci 2016; 24:824-828. [PMID: 27678095 DOI: 10.1177/1933719116670038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Second-trimester amniotic fluid supernatant (AFS) contains cell-free fetal RNA (cffRNA) transcripts that can provide information about fetal gene expression. In a retrospective case-control study, we measured second-trimester fetal gene expression using cffRNA extracted from AFS in women who had spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) <34 weeks and in women who delivered >37 weeks. We extracted cffRNA from AFS of women with singletons who had second-trimester genetic amniocenteses. Twenty-one gravidas who had sPTB and 21 term controls were matched 1:1 for maternal age, fetal sex, race, gestational age (GA) at the time of amniocentesis, and medication exposure. Cell-free fetal RNA was extracted and hybridized to a customized 65-gene NanoString panel containing genes related to oxidative stress, inflammation, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and included 15 housekeeping genes. Two models were run, 1 examining sPTB in relation to case/control status and 1 examining sPTB in relation to GA as a continuous variable. Among cases, the gene expression of nitric oxide synthase 1 ( NOS1), d-aspartate oxidase ( DDO), and Beta-2-microglobulin ( B2M) was higher than controls ( P value < .05; false discovery rate-corrected Q value of ≤0.10). Nitric oxide synthase 1 and DDO are genes associated with oxidative stress; B2M is a marker of the fetal inflammatory response. Fetal HPA gene expression is not associated with GA at delivery or sPTB in second-trimester AFS. Alterations of fetal gene expression related to inflammation and oxidative stress antedate clinical symptoms and may be useful for early identification of patients at risk of having an sPTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeta L Vora
- 1 Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lisa Smeester
- 2 Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kim Boggess
- 1 Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca C Fry
- 2 Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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16
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Chiou SJ, Wang CC, Tseng YS, Lee YJ, Chen SC, Chou CH, Chuang LY, Hong YR, Lu CY, Chiu CC, Chignard M. A novel role for β2-microglobulin: a precursor of antibacterial chemokine in respiratory epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31035. [PMID: 27503241 PMCID: PMC4977529 DOI: 10.1038/srep31035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed a panel of cationic molecules secreted in the culture medium of human respiratory epithelial cells (REC) upon activation by IL-1β and different pathogen-associated molecular patterns. A 9 kDa fragment derived from β2-microglobulin (B2M) was identified and named shed 9 kDa B2M (sB2M-9). The primary structure of sB2M-9 was revealed to increase its pI value that potentially could play an important role in innate defense. sB2M-9 exhibits antibacterial activity against Gram positive Staphylococcus aureus (SA) but not against Gram negative Klebsiella pneumonia (KP). Upon its binding to SA, sB2M-9 induces clumps, a phenomenon not observed with B2M. Migration of THP-1 monocytes exposed to SA clumps was significantly greater than that to SA without clumps. sB2M-9 binds to SA, more likely as a chemokine, to facilitate THP-1 migration. As a whole, we demonstrated that REC release a novel chemokine with antibacterial activity that is shed from B2M to facilitate THP-1 migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shean-Jaw Chiou
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chan-Chi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Shen Tseng
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Jung Lee
- Center for Research Resources and Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsien Chou
- Center for Research Resources and Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Lea-Yea Chuang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ren Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Michel Chignard
- Unité de Défense Innée et Inflammation, Inserm U874, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, UMR_S 938 - UPMC/Inserm, France
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Identification of Symptomatic Fetuses Infected with Cytomegalovirus Using Amniotic Fluid Peptide Biomarkers. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005395. [PMID: 26808779 PMCID: PMC4726449 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common cause of congenital infection, and is a major cause of sensorineural hearing loss and neurological disabilities. Evaluating the risk for a CMV infected fetus to develop severe clinical symptoms after birth is crucial to provide appropriate guidance to pregnant women who might have to consider termination of pregnancy or experimental prenatal medical therapies. However, establishing the prognosis before birth remains a challenge. This evaluation is currently based upon fetal imaging and fetal biological parameters, but the positive and negative predictive values of these parameters are not optimal, leaving room for the development of new prognostic factors. Here, we compared the amniotic fluid peptidome between asymptomatic fetuses who were born as asymptomatic neonates and symptomatic fetuses who were either terminated in view of severe cerebral lesions or born as severely symptomatic neonates. This comparison allowed us to identify a 34-peptide classifier in a discovery cohort of 13 symptomatic and 13 asymptomatic neonates. This classifier further yielded 89% sensitivity, 75% specificity and an area under the curve of 0.90 to segregate 9 severely symptomatic from 12 asymptomatic neonates in a validation cohort, showing an overall better performance than that of classical fetal laboratory parameters. Pathway analysis of the 34 peptides underlined the role of viral entry in fetuses with severe brain disease as well as the potential importance of both beta-2-microglobulin and adiponectin to protect the injured fetal brain infected with CMV. The results also suggested the mechanistic implication of the T calcium channel alpha-1G (CACNA1G) protein in the development of seizures in severely CMV infected children. These results open a new field for potential therapeutic options. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that amniotic fluid peptidome analysis can effectively predict the severity of congenital CMV infection. This peptidomic classifier may therefore be used in clinical settings during pregnancy to improve prenatal counseling. CMV is the most common cause of congenital infection, and can result in significant neonatal morbidity and neurological disabilities. The birth prevalence of congenital CMV is estimated at 0.7% worldwide, and 10 to 20% of these neonates develop severe symptoms. In such cases the outcome is generally poor. Therefore, identification of additional prognostic markers is crucial for prenatal counseling in cases with an infected fetus. This may influence the decision of continuing with the pregnancy or requesting its termination, but also the decision of starting experimental antiviral therapy. The pathophysiology of CMV brain injury is not completely understood, and the identification of new biomarkers of CMV infection might also pave the way towards the development of new therapeutic alternatives. Here, we apply a recently developed and modern non-targeted peptidomics approach to amniotic fluid obtained from symptomatic and asymptomatic CMV-infected fetuses/neonates, followed by network analysis of the peptides of interest in the context of fetal infection and in relation with outcome. Our study identified 34 amniotic fluid peptides that form new prognostic biomarkers that could be used in clinical settings to improve prenatal counseling. In addition, this study provides novel mechanistic insight into the pathobiology of CMV congenital disease.
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Kacerovsky M, Vrbacky F, Kutova R, Pliskova L, Andrys C, Musilova I, Menon R, Lamont R, Nekvindova J. Cervical microbiota in women with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126884. [PMID: 25993616 PMCID: PMC4439143 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the cervical microbiota in women with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) by pyrosequencing and to document associations between cervical microbiota, cervical inflammatory response, microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (MIAC), histological chorioamnionitis, and intraamniotic infection (IAI). STUDY DESIGN Sixty-one women with singleton pregnancies complicated by PPROM were included in the study. Specimens of cervical and amniotic fluid were collected on admission. The cervical microbiota was assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing by pyrosequencing. Interleukin (IL)-6 concentration in the cervical fluid and amniotic fluid was measured by ELISA and lateral flow immunoassay, respectively. RESULTS Four bacterial community state types [CST I (Lactobacillus crispatus dominated), CST III (Lactobacillus iners dominated), CST IV-A (non-Lactobacillus bacteria dominated), and CST IV-B (Gardnerella vaginalis and Sneathia sanguinegens dominated)] were observed in the cervical microbiota of women with PPROM. Cervical fluid IL-6 concentrations differed between CSTs (CST I = 145 pg/mL, CST III = 166 pg/mL, CST IV-A = 420 pg/mL, and CST IV-B = 322 pg/mL; p = 0.004). There were also differences in the rates of MIAC, of both MIAC and histological chorioamnionitis, and of IAI among CSTs. No difference in the rate of histological chorioamnionitis was found among CSTs. CONCLUSIONS The cervical microbiota in PPROM women in this study was characterized by four CSTs. The presence of non-Lactobacillus CSTs was associated with a strong cervical inflammatory response and higher rates of MIAC, both MIAC and histological chorioamnionitis, and IAI representing a PPROM subtype with pronounced inflammation. CST I represents the dominant type of PPROM with a low rate of MIAC, IAI, and the combination of MIAC and histological chorioamnionitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Kacerovsky
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Filip Vrbacky
- 4 Department of Medicine, Hematology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove and Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Kutova
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Pliskova
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ctirad Andrys
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Musilova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ronald Lamont
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jana Nekvindova
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Buzzi M, Guarino A, Gatto C, Manara S, Dainese L, Polvani G, Tóthová JD. Residual antibiotics in decontaminated human cardiovascular tissues intended for transplantation and risk of falsely negative microbiological analyses. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112679. [PMID: 25397402 PMCID: PMC4232473 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the presence of antibiotics in cryopreserved cardiovascular tissues and cryopreservation media, after tissue decontamination with antibiotic cocktails, and the impact of antibiotic residues on standard tissue bank microbiological analyses. Sixteen cardiovascular tissues were decontaminated with bank-prepared cocktails and cryopreserved by two different tissue banks according to their standard operating procedures. Before and after decontamination, samples underwent microbiological analysis by standard tissue bank methods. Cryopreserved samples were tested again with and without the removal of antibiotic residues using a RESEP tube, after thawing. Presence of antibiotics in tissue homogenates and processing liquids was determined by a modified agar diffusion test. All cryopreserved tissue homogenates and cryopreservation media induced important inhibition zones on both Staphylococcus aureus- and Pseudomonas aeruginosa-seeded plates, immediately after thawing and at the end of the sterility test. The RESEP tube treatment markedly reduced or totally eliminated the antimicrobial activity of tested tissues and media. Based on standard tissue bank analysis, 50% of tissues were found positive for bacteria and/or fungi, before decontamination and 2 out of 16 tested samples (13%) still contained microorganisms after decontamination. After thawing, none of the 16 cryopreserved samples resulted positive with direct inoculum method. When the same samples were tested after removal of antibiotic residues, 8 out of 16 (50%) were contaminated. Antibiotic residues present in tissue allografts and processing liquids after decontamination may mask microbial contamination during microbiological analysis performed with standard tissue bank methods, thus resulting in false negatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Buzzi
- Cardiovascular Tissue Bank of Emilia-Romagna, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Guarino
- Cardiovascular Tissue Bank of Lombardia, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Gatto
- Research and Development department, AL.CHI.MI.A. S.r.l., Ponte San Nicolò, Italy
| | - Sabrina Manara
- Cardiovascular Tissue Bank of Emilia-Romagna, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Dainese
- Cardiovascular Tissue Bank of Lombardia, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Polvani
- Cardiovascular Tissue Bank of Lombardia, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy
| | - Jana D'Amato Tóthová
- Research and Development department, AL.CHI.MI.A. S.r.l., Ponte San Nicolò, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Beta2-microglobulin as a diagnostic marker in cerebrospinal fluid: a follow-up study. DISEASE MARKERS 2014; 2014:495402. [PMID: 24895473 PMCID: PMC4034398 DOI: 10.1155/2014/495402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Beta2-Microglobulin (β2-m) is a low molecular weight protein occurring in all body fluids. Its concentration increases in various pathologies. Increased values in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are ascribed to an activation of immune system. Using immunoturbidimetry, we examined concentrations of beta2-microglobulin in cerebrospinal fluid in a large group of 6274 patients with defined neurological diseases. Cell counts, total protein, albumin, glucose, lactic acid, immunoglobulins concentrations, and isofocusing (IEF) were also evaluated. We found substantial changes of CSF β2-m concentrations in purulent meningitis, leptomeningeal metastasis, viral meningitis/encephalitis, and neuroborreliosis, while in multiple sclerosis these changes were not significant. Intrathecal synthesis and immune activation were present in these clinical entities. A new normative study enables better understanding of beta2-microglobulin behavior in CSF.
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Kim JY, Gopal R, Kim SY, Seo CH, Lee HB, Cheong H, Park Y. PG-2, a Potent AMP against Pathogenic Microbial Strains, from Potato (Solanum tuberosum L cv. Gogu Valley) Tubers Not Cytotoxic against Human Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:4349-60. [PMID: 23429275 PMCID: PMC3588103 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14024349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In an earlier study, we isolated potamin-1 (PT-1), a 5.6-kDa trypsin-chymotrypsin protease inhibitor, from the tubers of a potato strain (Solanum tuberosum L cv. Gogu Valley). We established that PT-1 strongly inhibits pathogenic microbial strains, but not human bacterial strains, and that its sequence shows 62% homology with a serine protease inhibitor. In the present study, we isolated an antifungal and antibacterial peptide with no cytotoxicity from tubers of the same potato strain. The peptide (peptide-G2, PG-2) was isolated using salt-extraction, ultrafiltration and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) showed the protein to have a molecular mass of 3228.5 Da, while automated Edman degradation showed the N-terminal sequence of PG-2 to be LVKDNPLDISPKQVQALCTDLVIRCMCCC-. PG-2 exhibited antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans, a human pathogenic yeast strain, and Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, a plant late blight strain. PG-2 also showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, but did not lyse human red blood cells and was thermostable. Overall, these results suggest PG-2 may be a good candidate to serve as a natural antimicrobial agent, agricultural pesticide and/or food additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Young Kim
- Research Center for Proteineous Materials, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea; E-Mails: (J.-Y.K.); (R.G.)
| | - Ramamourthy Gopal
- Research Center for Proteineous Materials, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea; E-Mails: (J.-Y.K.); (R.G.)
| | - Sang Young Kim
- Department of Bioinformatics, Kongju National University, Kongju 314-701, Korea; E-Mails: (S.Y.K.); (C.H.S.)
| | - Chang Ho Seo
- Department of Bioinformatics, Kongju National University, Kongju 314-701, Korea; E-Mails: (S.Y.K.); (C.H.S.)
| | - Hyang Burm Lee
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - Hyeonsook Cheong
- Department of Biotechnology, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - Yoonkyung Park
- Research Center for Proteineous Materials, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea; E-Mails: (J.-Y.K.); (R.G.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +82-62-230-6854; Fax: +82-62-225-6758
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