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Su J, Li M, Chang Y, Jia M, Zhao M, Guan S, Niu J, Zhang S, Yang H, Sun M. Discovery of the 2,4-disubstituted quinazoline derivative as a novel neddylation inhibitor for tumor therapy. Bioorg Chem 2024; 145:107237. [PMID: 38442613 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Overactivation of neddylation has been found in a number of common human tumor-related diseases. In recent years, targeting the neddylation pathway has become an appealing anti-cancer strategy, and it is critical to find neddylation inhibitors with novel structures and higher efficacy. Here, we present the discovery of novel inhibitors of the NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE) and their antitumor activity in vitro. All synthesized 1,4-disubstituted piperidine compounds were evaluated for antiproliferative activity against MGC-803, MCF-7, A549, and KYSE-30 cells. Among five representative compounds, III-26 bearing a quinazoline motif was identified as the lead one due to the fact that it significantly hindered the neddylation of Cullin1. Cellular mechanisms elucidated that III-26 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of UBC12-overexpressed MGC-803 cell lines, as well as induced apoptosis and arrested the cell cycle at G2/M phase. Importantly, III-26 reduced NAE activity, thus selectively preventing neddylation of Cullin3 and Cullin1 over other Cullin members. At a dose of 4 μM, III-26 virtually entirely blocked UBC12-NEDD8 conjugation in MGC-803 cells. Our molecular modeling and kinetic investigation suggested that this compound may function as a non-covalent inhibitor of NAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtian Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Mengyu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Meiqi Jia
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mei Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Sumeng Guan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Jinbo Niu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Saiyang Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hua Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Moran Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
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2
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Fu DJ, Wang T. Targeting NEDD8-activating enzyme for cancer therapy: developments, clinical trials, challenges and future research directions. J Hematol Oncol 2023; 16:87. [PMID: 37525282 PMCID: PMC10388525 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01485-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
NEDDylation, a post-translational modification through three-step enzymatic cascades, plays crucial roles in the regulation of diverse biological processes. NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE) as the only activation enzyme in the NEDDylation modification has become an attractive target to develop anticancer drugs. To date, numerous inhibitors or agonists targeting NAE have been developed. Among them, covalent NAE inhibitors such as MLN4924 and TAS4464 currently entered into clinical trials for cancer therapy, particularly for hematological tumors. This review explains the relationships between NEDDylation and cancers, structural characteristics of NAE and multistep mechanisms of NEDD8 activation by NAE. In addition, the potential approaches to discover NAE inhibitors and detailed pharmacological mechanisms of NAE inhibitors in the clinical stage are explored in depth. Importantly, we reasonably investigate the challenges of NAE inhibitors for cancer therapy and possible development directions of NAE-targeting drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Jun Fu
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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3
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Sohrabi M, Bikhof Torbati M, Lutz M, Meghdadi S, Farrokhpour H, Amiri A, Amirnasr M. Application of cyclometalated rhodium(III) complexes as therapeutic agents in biomedical and luminescent cellular imaging. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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4
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Liang Q, Liu M, Li J, Tong R, Hu Y, Bai L, Shi J. NAE modulators: A potential therapy for gastric carcinoma. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 231:114156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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5
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Loreto D, Merlino A. The interaction of rhodium compounds with proteins: A structural overview. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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6
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Song YQ, Wu C, Wu KJ, Han QB, Miao XM, Ma DL, Leung CH. Ubiquitination Regulators Discovered by Virtual Screening for the Treatment of Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:665646. [PMID: 34055799 PMCID: PMC8149734 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.665646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system oversees cellular protein degradation in order to regulate various critical processes, such as cell cycle control and DNA repair. Ubiquitination can serve as a marker for mutation, chemical damage, transcriptional or translational errors, and heat-induced denaturation. However, aberrant ubiquitination and degradation of tumor suppressor proteins may result in the growth and metastasis of cancer. Hence, targeting the ubiquitination cascade reaction has become a potential strategy for treating malignant diseases. Meanwhile, computer-aided methods have become widely accepted as fast and efficient techniques for early stage drug discovery. This review summarizes ubiquitination regulators that have been discovered via virtual screening and their applications for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Qi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Chun Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Ke-Jia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Quan-Bin Han
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Xiang-Min Miao
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
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7
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Lin CM, Jiang Z, Gao Z, Arancillo M, Burgess K. Small molecules targeting the NEDD8·NAE protein-protein interaction. Chem Sci 2020; 12:1535-1543. [PMID: 34163916 PMCID: PMC8179036 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00958j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a major controller of protein homeostasis in cells. Some ubiquitination pathways are modulated by a NEDDylation cascade, that also features E1 - 3 enzymes. The E1 enzyme in the NEDDylation cascade involves a protein-protein interaction (PPI) between NEDD8 (similar to ubiquitin) and NAE (NEDD8 Activating Enzyme). A small molecule inhibitor of the ATP binding site in NAE is in clinical trials. We hypothesized a similar effect could be induced by disrupting the NEDD8·NAE PPI, though, to the best of our knowledge, no small molecules have been reported to disrupt this to date. In the research described here, Exploring Key Orientations (EKO) was used to evaluate several chemotype designs for their potential to disrupt NEDD8·NAE; specifically, for their biases towards orientation of side-chains in similar ways to protein segments at the interface. One chemotype design was selected, and a targeted library of 24 compounds was made around this theme via solid phase synthesis. An entry level hit for disrupting NEDD8·NAE was identified from this library on the basis of its ability to bind NAE (K i of 6.4 ± 0.3 μM from fluorescence polarization), inhibit NEDDylation, suppress formation of the corresponding E1 - 3 complexes as monitored by cell-based immunoblotting, and cytotoxicity to K562 leukemia cells via early stage apoptosis. The cell-based immunoblot assay also showed the compound caused NEDD8 to accumulate in cells, presumably due to inhibition of the downstream pathways involving the E1 enzyme. The affinity and cellular activities of the hit compound are modest, but is interesting as first in class for this mode of inhibition of NEDDylation, and as another illustration of the way EKO can be used to evaluate user-defined chemotypes as potential inhibitors of PPIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Ming Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University Box 30012 College Station TX 77842 USA
| | - Zhengyang Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University Box 30012 College Station TX 77842 USA
| | - Zhe Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University Box 30012 College Station TX 77842 USA
| | - Maritess Arancillo
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University Box 30012 College Station TX 77842 USA
| | - Kevin Burgess
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University Box 30012 College Station TX 77842 USA
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Abstract
Post-translational modifications of cellular substrates with ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs), including ubiquitin, SUMOs, and neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated protein 8, play a central role in regulating many aspects of cell biology. The UBL conjugation cascade is initiated by a family of ATP-dependent enzymes termed E1 activating enzymes and executed by the downstream E2-conjugating enzymes and E3 ligases. Despite their druggability and their key position at the apex of the cascade, pharmacologic modulation of E1s with potent and selective drugs has remained elusive until 2009. Among the eight E1 enzymes identified so far, those initiating ubiquitylation (UBA1), SUMOylation (SAE), and neddylation (NAE) are the most characterized and are implicated in various aspects of cancer biology. To date, over 40 inhibitors have been reported to target UBA1, SAE, and NAE, including the NAE inhibitor pevonedistat, evaluated in more than 30 clinical trials. In this Review, we discuss E1 enzymes, the rationale for their therapeutic targeting in cancer, and their different inhibitors, with emphasis on the pharmacologic properties of adenosine sulfamates and their unique mechanism of action, termed substrate-assisted inhibition. Moreover, we highlight other less-characterized E1s-UBA6, UBA7, UBA4, UBA5, and autophagy-related protein 7-and the opportunities for targeting these enzymes in cancer. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The clinical successes of proteasome inhibitors in cancer therapy and the emerging resistance to these agents have prompted the exploration of other signaling nodes in the ubiquitin-proteasome system including E1 enzymes. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the biology of different E1 enzymes, their roles in cancer, and how to translate this knowledge into novel therapeutic strategies with potential implications in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir H Barghout
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.H.B., A.D.S.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.H.B., A.D.S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt (S.H.B.)
| | - Aaron D Schimmer
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.H.B., A.D.S.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.H.B., A.D.S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt (S.H.B.)
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9
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Yu Q, Jiang Y, Sun Y. Anticancer drug discovery by targeting cullin neddylation. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:746-765. [PMID: 32528826 PMCID: PMC7276695 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein neddylation is a post-translational modification which transfers the ubiquitin-like protein NEDD8 to a lysine residue of the target substrate through a three-step enzymatic cascade. The best-known substrates of neddylation are cullin family proteins, which are the core component of Cullin–RING E3 ubiquitin ligases (CRLs). Given that cullin neddylation is required for CRL activity, and CRLs control the turn-over of a variety of key signal proteins and are often abnormally activated in cancers, targeting neddylation becomes a promising approach for discovery of novel anti-cancer therapeutics. In the past decade, we have witnessed significant progress in the field of protein neddylation from preclinical target validation, to drug screening, then to the clinical trials of neddylation inhibitors. In this review, we first briefly introduced the nature of protein neddylation and the regulation of neddylation cascade, followed by a summary of all reported chemical inhibitors of neddylation enzymes. We then discussed the structure-based targeting of protein–protein interaction in neddylation cascade, and finally the available approaches for the discovery of new neddylation inhibitors. This review will provide a focused, up-to-date and yet comprehensive overview on the discovery effort of neddylation inhibitors.
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Key Words
- AMP, adenosine 5′-monophosphate
- Anticancer
- BLI, biolayer interferometry
- CETSA, cellular thermal shift assay
- Drug discovery
- FH, frequent hitters
- HTS, high-throughput screen
- High-throughput screening
- IP, immunoprecipitation
- ITC, isothermal titration calorimetry
- NAE, NEDD8 activating enzyme
- Neddylation
- PAINS, pan-assay interference compounds
- SAR, structure–activity relationship
- Small molecule inhibitors
- UBL, ubiquitin-like protein
- Ubiquitin–proteasome system
- Virtual screen
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10
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Wang S, Zhao L, Shi XJ, Ding L, Yang L, Wang ZZ, Shen D, Tang K, Li XJ, Mamun MAA, Li H, Yu B, Zheng YC, Wang S, Liu HM. Development of Highly Potent, Selective, and Cellular Active Triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-Based Inhibitors Targeting the DCN1–UBC12 Protein–Protein Interaction. J Med Chem 2019; 62:2772-2797. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory
of Advanced Technology of Drug Preparation Technologies, Zhengzhou
University, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lijie Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory
of Advanced Technology of Drug Preparation Technologies, Zhengzhou
University, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory
of Advanced Technology of Drug Preparation Technologies, Zhengzhou
University, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lina Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory
of Advanced Technology of Drug Preparation Technologies, Zhengzhou
University, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Linlin Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhi-Zheng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory
of Advanced Technology of Drug Preparation Technologies, Zhengzhou
University, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Dandan Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory
of Advanced Technology of Drug Preparation Technologies, Zhengzhou
University, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Kai Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory
of Advanced Technology of Drug Preparation Technologies, Zhengzhou
University, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory
of Advanced Technology of Drug Preparation Technologies, Zhengzhou
University, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - MAA Mamun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory
of Advanced Technology of Drug Preparation Technologies, Zhengzhou
University, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Huiju Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory
of Advanced Technology of Drug Preparation Technologies, Zhengzhou
University, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Bin Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory
of Advanced Technology of Drug Preparation Technologies, Zhengzhou
University, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Chao Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory
of Advanced Technology of Drug Preparation Technologies, Zhengzhou
University, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shaomeng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Pharmacology, Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory
of Advanced Technology of Drug Preparation Technologies, Zhengzhou
University, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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11
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Lu P, Guo Y, Zhu L, Xia Y, Zhong Y, Wang Y. A novel NAE/UAE dual inhibitor LP0040 blocks neddylation and ubiquitination leading to growth inhibition and apoptosis of cancer cells. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 154:294-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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12
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Hammill JT, Scott DC, Min J, Connelly MC, Holbrook G, Zhu F, Matheny A, Yang L, Singh B, Schulman BA, Guy RK. Piperidinyl Ureas Chemically Control Defective in Cullin Neddylation 1 (DCN1)-Mediated Cullin Neddylation. J Med Chem 2018; 61:2680-2693. [PMID: 29547696 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We previously discovered and validated a class of piperidinyl ureas that regulate defective in cullin neddylation 1 (DCN1)-dependent neddylation of cullins. Here, we report preliminary structure-activity relationship studies aimed at advancing our high-throughput screen hit into a tractable tool compound for dissecting the effects of acute DCN1-UBE2M inhibition on the NEDD8/cullin pathway. Structure-enabled optimization led to a 100-fold increase in biochemical potency and modestly increased solubility and permeability as compared to our initial hit. The optimized compounds inhibit the DCN1-UBE2M protein-protein interaction in our TR-FRET binding assay and inhibit cullin neddylation in our pulse-chase NEDD8 transfer assay. The optimized compounds bind to DCN1 and selectively reduce steady-state levels of neddylated CUL1 and CUL3 in a squamous cell carcinoma cell line. Ultimately, we anticipate that these studies will identify early lead compounds for clinical development for the treatment of lung squamous cell carcinomas and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared T Hammill
- Department of Chemical Biology and Theraputics , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis , Tennessee 38105 United States
| | - Daniel C Scott
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis , Tennessee 38105 United States.,Department of Structural Biology , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis , Tennessee 38105 United States
| | - Jaeki Min
- Department of Chemical Biology and Theraputics , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis , Tennessee 38105 United States
| | - Michele C Connelly
- Department of Chemical Biology and Theraputics , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis , Tennessee 38105 United States
| | - Gloria Holbrook
- Department of Chemical Biology and Theraputics , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis , Tennessee 38105 United States
| | - Fangyi Zhu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Theraputics , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis , Tennessee 38105 United States
| | - Amy Matheny
- Department of Chemical Biology and Theraputics , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis , Tennessee 38105 United States
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology and Theraputics , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis , Tennessee 38105 United States
| | - Bhuvanesh Singh
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Epithelial Cancer Biology , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York , New York 10065 United States
| | - Brenda A Schulman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis , Tennessee 38105 United States.,Department of Structural Biology , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis , Tennessee 38105 United States
| | - R Kiplin Guy
- Department of Chemical Biology and Theraputics , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis , Tennessee 38105 United States
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13
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Hammill JT, Bhasin D, Scott DC, Min J, Chen Y, Lu Y, Yang L, Kim HS, Connelly MC, Hammill C, Holbrook G, Jeffries C, Singh B, Schulman BA, Guy RK. Discovery of an Orally Bioavailable Inhibitor of Defective in Cullin Neddylation 1 (DCN1)-Mediated Cullin Neddylation. J Med Chem 2018; 61:2694-2706. [PMID: 29547693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported the discovery, validation, and structure-activity relationships of a series of piperidinyl ureas that potently inhibit the DCN1-UBE2M interaction. We demonstrated that compound 7 inhibits both the DCN1-UBE2M protein-protein interaction and DCN1-mediated cullin neddylation in biochemical assays and reduces levels of steady-state cullin neddylation in a squamous carcinoma cell line harboring DCN1 amplification. Although compound 7 exhibits good solubility and permeability, it is rapidly metabolized in microsomal models (CLint = 170 mL/min/kg). This work lays out the discovery of an orally bioavailable analogue, NAcM-OPT (67). Compound 67 retains the favorable biochemical and cellular activity of compound 7 but is significantly more stable both in vitro and in vivo. Compound 67 is orally bioavailable, well tolerated in mice, and currently used to study the effects of acute pharmacologic inhibition of the DCN1-UBE2M interaction on the NEDD8/CUL pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared T Hammill
- Department of Chemical Biology and Theraputics , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis , Tennessee 38105 United States
| | - Deepak Bhasin
- Department of Chemical Biology and Theraputics , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis , Tennessee 38105 United States
| | - Daniel C Scott
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis , Tennessee 38105 United States.,Department of Structural Biology , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis , Tennessee 38105 United States
| | - Jaeki Min
- Department of Chemical Biology and Theraputics , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis , Tennessee 38105 United States
| | - Yizhe Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology and Theraputics , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis , Tennessee 38105 United States
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Theraputics , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis , Tennessee 38105 United States
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology and Theraputics , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis , Tennessee 38105 United States
| | - Ho Shin Kim
- Department of Chemical Biology and Theraputics , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis , Tennessee 38105 United States
| | - Michele C Connelly
- Department of Chemical Biology and Theraputics , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis , Tennessee 38105 United States
| | - Courtney Hammill
- Department of Chemical Biology and Theraputics , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis , Tennessee 38105 United States
| | - Gloria Holbrook
- Department of Chemical Biology and Theraputics , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis , Tennessee 38105 United States
| | - Cynthia Jeffries
- Department of Chemical Biology and Theraputics , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis , Tennessee 38105 United States
| | - Bhuvanesh Singh
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Epithelial Cancer Biology , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York , New York , 10065 United States
| | - Brenda A Schulman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis , Tennessee 38105 United States.,Department of Structural Biology , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis , Tennessee 38105 United States
| | - R Kiplin Guy
- Department of Chemical Biology and Theraputics , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis , Tennessee 38105 United States
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14
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Zhong HJ, Wang W, Kang TS, Yan H, Yang Y, Xu L, Wang Y, Ma DL, Leung CH. A Rhodium(III) Complex as an Inhibitor of Neural Precursor Cell Expressed, Developmentally Down-Regulated 8-Activating Enzyme with in Vivo Activity against Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Med Chem 2016; 60:497-503. [PMID: 27976900 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We report herein the identification of the rhodium(III) complex [Rh(phq)2(MOPIP)]+ (1) as a potent and selective ATP-competitive neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated 8 (NEDD8)-activating enzyme (NAE) inhibitor. Structure-activity relationship analysis indicated that the overall organometallic design of complex 1 was important for anti-inflammatory activity. Complex 1 showed promising anti-inflammatory activity in vivo for the potential treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Taipa, Macao P. R China
| | - Wanhe Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University , T1303, Cha Chi-Ming Science Tower, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Shu Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Taipa, Macao P. R China
| | - Hui Yan
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University College of Pharmacy , Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yali Yang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University College of Pharmacy , Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lipeng Xu
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University College of Pharmacy , Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yuqiang Wang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University College of Pharmacy , Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University , T1303, Cha Chi-Ming Science Tower, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Taipa, Macao P. R China
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15
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A BPR, A U, T C, Bethu M, J VR, Deb DK, Sarkar B, Kaminsky W, Kollipara MR. The in vitro antitumor activity of oligonuclear polypyridyl rhodium and iridium complexes against cancer cells and human pathogens. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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16
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Lu P, Liu X, Yuan X, He M, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Ouyang PK. Discovery of a novel NEDD8 Activating Enzyme Inhibitor with Piperidin-4-amine Scaffold by Structure-Based Virtual Screening. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:1901-7. [PMID: 27135934 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
NEDD8 activating enzyme (NAE) plays an important role in regulating intracellular proteins with key parts in a broad array of cellular functions. Here, we report a structure-based virtual screening of a compound library containing 50 000 small molecular entities against the active site of NAE. Computational docking and scoring followed by biochemical screening and target validation lead to the identification of 1-benzyl-N-(2,4-dichlorophenethyl) piperidin-4-amine (M22) as a selective NAE inhibitor. M22 is reversible for NAE, inhibits multiple cancer cell lines with GI50 values in the low micromolar range, and induces apoptosis in A549 cells. Furthermore, it produces tumor inhibition in AGS xenografts in nude mice and low acute toxicity in a zebrafish model. M22, a novel NAE inhibitor, represents a promising lead structure for the development of new antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lu
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5 Xinmofan
Road, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxin Liu
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5 Xinmofan
Road, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinrui Yuan
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5 Xinmofan
Road, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minfang He
- College
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yubin Wang
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5 Xinmofan
Road, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5 Xinmofan
Road, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping-kai Ouyang
- College
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
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17
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Kang TS, Mao Z, Ng CT, Wang M, Wang W, Wang C, Lee SMY, Wang Y, Leung CH, Ma DL. Identification of an Iridium(III)-Based Inhibitor of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α. J Med Chem 2016; 59:4026-31. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Shu Kang
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute
of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, P. R. China
| | - Zhifeng Mao
- Department
of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Chan-Tat Ng
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute
of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, P. R. China
| | - Modi Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Wanhe Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Chunming Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute
of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, P. R. China
| | - Simon Ming-Yuen Lee
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute
of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, P. R. China
| | - Yitao Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute
of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, P. R. China
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute
of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, P. R. China
| | - Dik-Lung Ma
- Department
of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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18
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Ma DL, Wang M, Mao Z, Yang C, Ng CT, Leung CH. Rhodium complexes as therapeutic agents. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:2762-2771. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt04338g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
This perspective highlights recent examples of rhodium complexes that show diverse biological activities against various targets, including enzymes and protein–protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry
- Hong Kong Baptist University
- Kowloon Tong
- China
| | - Modi Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Hong Kong Baptist University
- Kowloon Tong
- China
| | - Zhifeng Mao
- Department of Chemistry
- Hong Kong Baptist University
- Kowloon Tong
- China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences
- University of Macau
- Macao
- China
| | - Chan-Tat Ng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences
- University of Macau
- Macao
- China
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences
- University of Macau
- Macao
- China
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19
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Liu LJ, Wang W, Zhong Z, Lin S, Lu L, Wang YT, Ma DL, Leung CH. Inhibition of TLR1/2 dimerization by enantiomers of metal complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:12278-12281. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc06155a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Complex 1 and its enantiomer Λ-1 are reported for the first time to inhibit NF-κB transduction via the modulation of Pam3CSK4-induced TLR1/2 heterodimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences
- University of Macau
- Macao
- China
| | - Wanhe Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Hong Kong Baptist University
- Kowloon Tong
- China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences
- University of Macau
- Macao
- China
| | - Sheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry
- Hong Kong Baptist University
- Kowloon Tong
- China
| | - Lihua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences
- University of Macau
- Macao
- China
| | - Yi-Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences
- University of Macau
- Macao
- China
| | - Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry
- Hong Kong Baptist University
- Kowloon Tong
- China
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences
- University of Macau
- Macao
- China
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20
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Identification of an iridium(III) complex with anti-bacterial and anti-cancer activity. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14544. [PMID: 26416333 PMCID: PMC4586517 DOI: 10.1038/srep14544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 9 transition metal complexes have been widely explored as therapeutic agents due to their unique geometry, their propensity to undergo ligand exchanges with biomolecules and their diverse steric and electronic properties. These metal complexes can offer distinct modes of action in living organisms compared to carbon-based molecules. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial and anti-proliferative abilities of a series of cyclometallated iridium(III) complexes. The iridium(III) complex 1 inhibited the growth of S. aureus with MIC and MBC values of 3.60 and 7.19 μM, respectively, indicating its potent bactericidal activity. Moreover, complex 1 also exhibited cytotoxicity against a number of cancer cell lines, with particular potency against ovarian, cervical and melanoma cells. This cyclometallated iridium(III) complex is the first example of a substitutionally-inert, Group 9 organometallic compound utilized as a direct and selective inhibitor of S. aureus.
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21
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Liu LJ, Lu L, Zhong HJ, He B, Kwong DWJ, Ma DL, Leung CH. An Iridium(III) Complex Inhibits JMJD2 Activities and Acts as a Potential Epigenetic Modulator. J Med Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute
of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao P. R. China
| | - Lihua Lu
- Department
of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Hai-Jing Zhong
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute
of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao P. R. China
| | - Bingyong He
- Department
of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Daniel W. J. Kwong
- Department
of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Dik-Lung Ma
- Department
of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute
of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao P. R. China
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22
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Rajaratnam R, Martin EK, Dörr M, Harms K, Casini A, Meggers E. Correlation between the Stereochemistry and Bioactivity in Octahedral Rhodium Prolinato Complexes. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:8111-20. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajathees Rajaratnam
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse
4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth K. Martin
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse
4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Markus Dörr
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse
4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Harms
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse
4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Angela Casini
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology
and Targeting, Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
- Cardiff School
of Chemistry, University of Cardiff, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3A, U.K
| | - Eric Meggers
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse
4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People’s Republic of China
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23
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Mollin S, Riedel R, Harms K, Meggers E. Octahedral rhodium(III) complexes as kinase inhibitors: Control of the relative stereochemistry with acyclic tridentate ligands. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 148:11-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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24
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Ma DL, Chan DSH, Leung CH. Group 9 organometallic compounds for therapeutic and bioanalytical applications. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:3614-31. [PMID: 25369127 DOI: 10.1021/ar500310z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CONSPECTUS: Compared with organic small molecules, metal complexes offer several distinct advantages as therapeutic agents or biomolecular probes. Carbon atoms are typically limited to linear, trigonal planar, or tetrahedral geometries, with a maximum of two enantiomers being formed if four different substituents are attached to a single carbon. In contrast, an octahedral metal center with six different substituents can display up to 30 different stereoisomers. While platinum- and ruthenium-based anticancer agents have attracted significant attention in the realm of inorganic medicinal chemistry over the past few decades, group 9 complexes (i.e., iridium and rhodium) have garnered increased attention in therapeutic and bioanalytical applications due to their adjustable reactivity (from kinetically liable to substitutionally inert), high water solubility, stability to air and moisture, and relative ease of synthesis. In this Account, we describe our efforts in the development of group 9 organometallic compounds of general form [M(C(∧)N)2(N(∧)N)] (where M = Ir, Rh) as therapeutic agents against distinct biomolecular targets and as luminescent probes for the construction of oligonucleotide-based assays for a diverse range of analytes. Earlier studies by researchers had focused on organometallic iridium(III) and rhodium(III) half-sandwich complexes that show promising anticancer activity, although their precise mechanisms of action still remain unknown. More recently, kinetically-inert group 9 complexes have arisen as fascinating alternatives to organic small molecules for the specific targeting of enzyme activity. Research in our laboratory has shown that cyclometalated octahedral rhodium(III) complexes were active against Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) or NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE) activity, or against NO production leading to antivasculogenic activity in cellulo. At the same time, recent interest in the development of small molecules as modulators of protein-protein interactions has stimulated our research group to investigate whether kinetically-inert metal complexes could also be used to target protein-protein interfaces relevant to the pathogenesis of certain diseases. We have recently discovered that cyclometalated octahedral iridium(III) and rhodium(III) complexes bearing C(∧)N ligands based on 2-phenylpyridine could function as modulators of protein-protein interactions, such as TNF-α, STAT3, and mTOR. One rhodium(III) complex antagonized STAT3 activity in vitro and in vivo and displayed potent antitumor activity in a mouse xenograft model of melanoma. Notably, these studies were among the first to demonstrate the direct inhibition of protein-protein interfaces by kinetically-inert group 9 metal complexes. Additionally, we have discovered that group 9 solvato complexes carrying 2-phenylpyridine coligands could function as inhibitors and probes of β-amyloid fibrillogenesis. Meanwhile, the rich photophysical properties of iridium complexes have made them popular tools for the design of luminescent labels and probes. Luminescent iridium(III) complexes benefit from a high quantum yield, responsive emissive properties, long-lived phosphorescence lifetimes, and large Stokes shift values. Over the past few years, our group has developed a number of kinetically-inert, organometallic iridium(III) complexes bearing various C(∧)N and N(∧)N ligands that are selective for G-quadruplex DNA, which is a DNA secondary structure formed from planar stacks of guanine tetrads stabilized by Hoogsteen hydrogen bonding. These complexes were then employed to develop G-quadruplex-based, label-free luminescence switch-on assays for nucleic acids, enzyme activity, small molecules, and metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daniel Shiu-Hin Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Institute
of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
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Wondrak GT, Lobato-Gil S, Aillet F, Lang V, Rodriguez MS. The Ubiquitin-Proteasome System (UPS) as a Cancer Drug Target: Emerging Mechanisms and Therapeutics. STRESS RESPONSE PATHWAYS IN CANCER 2014. [PMCID: PMC7121086 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9421-3_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Ubiquitin-Proteasome System (UPS) plays an important role in the setting of the cellular response to multiple stress signals. Although the primary function of ubiquitin was initially associated with proteolysis, it is now considered as a key regulator of protein function controlling, among other functions, signalling cascades, transcription, apoptosis or oncogenesis. Failure at any level of the UPS is associated with the development of multiple pathologies including metabolic problems, immune diseases, inflammation and cancer. The successful use of the proteasome inhibitor Bortezomib (Velcade) in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) revealed the potential of the UPS as pharmacological target. Ten years later, new inhibitors tackling not only the proteasome but also different subsets of enzymes which conjugate or de-conjugate ubiquitin or ubiquitin-like molecules, have been developed. Most of them are excellent tools to characterize better the emerging molecular mechanisms regulating distinct critical cellular processes. Some of them have been launched already while many others are still in pre-clinical development. This chapter updates some of the most successful efforts to develop and characterize inhibitors of the UPS which tackle mechanisms involved in cancer. Particular attention has been dedicated to updating the status of the clinical trials of these inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg T. Wondrak
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Univ. of Arizona, College of Pharm. & The Univ. of Arizona Cancer Ctr., Tucson, Arizona USA
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26
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Yao H, Zhang L, Peng Y, Carroll PJ, Gong L, Meggers E. Novel metal-coordinated 1,10-phenanthroline ligands functionalized with a lactam or imide. Inorganica Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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27
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A rhodium(III) complex inhibits LPS-induced nitric oxide production and angiogenic activity in cellulo. J Inorg Biochem 2014; 140:23-8. [PMID: 25046384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2014.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Metal-containing complexes have arisen as viable alternatives to organic molecules as therapeutic agents. Metal complexes possess a number of advantages compared to conventional carbon-based compounds, such as distinct geometries, interesting electronic properties, variable oxidation states and the ability to arrange different ligands around the metal centre in a precise fashion. Meanwhile, nitric oxide (NO) plays key roles in the regulation of angiogenesis, vascular permeability and inflammation. We herein report a novel cyclometalated rhodium(III) complex as an inhibitor of lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced NO production in RAW264.7 macrophages. Experiments suggested that the inhibition of NO production in cells by complex 1 was mediated through the down-regulation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity. Furthermore, complex 1 inhibited angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) as revealed by an endothelial tube formation assay. This study demonstrates that kinetically inert rhodium(III) complexes may be potentially developed as effective anti-angiogenic agents.
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Ma DL, Liu LJ, Leung KH, Chen YT, Zhong HJ, Chan DSH, Wang HMD, Leung CH. Antagonizing STAT3 dimerization with a rhodium(III) complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:9178-82. [PMID: 24889897 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201404686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Kinetically inert metal complexes have arisen as promising alternatives to existing platinum and ruthenium chemotherapeutics. Reported herein, to our knowledge, is the first example of a substitutionally inert, Group 9 organometallic compound as a direct inhibitor of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) dimerization. From a series of cyclometalated rhodium(III) and iridium(III) complexes, a rhodium(III) complex emerged as a potent inhibitor of STAT3 that targeted the SH2 domain and inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation and dimerization. Significantly, the complex exhibited potent anti-tumor activities in an in vivo mouse xenograft model of melanoma. This study demonstrates that rhodium complexes may be developed as effective STAT3 inhibitors with potent anti-tumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong (China).
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29
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Ma DL, Liu LJ, Leung KH, Chen YT, Zhong HJ, Chan DSH, Wang HMD, Leung CH. Antagonizing STAT3 Dimerization with a Rhodium(III) Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201404686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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30
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Zhong HJ, Liu LJ, Chan DSH, Wang HM, Chan PWH, Ma DL, Leung CH. Structure-based repurposing of FDA-approved drugs as inhibitors of NEDD8-activating enzyme. Biochimie 2014; 102:211-5. [PMID: 24657219 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report the discovery of an inhibitor of NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE) by an integrated virtual screening approach. Piperacillin 1 inhibited NAE activity in cell-free and cell-based systems with high selectivity. Furthermore, piperacillin 1 was able to inhibit the degradation of the NAE downstream protein substrate p27(kip1). Our molecular modeling and kinetic studies suggested that this compound may act as a non-covalent ATP-competitive inhibitor of NAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Li-Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Daniel Shiu-Hin Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hui-Min Wang
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Philip Wai Hong Chan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
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31
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Dörr M, Meggers E. Metal complexes as structural templates for targeting proteins. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2014; 19:76-81. [PMID: 24561508 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews recent advances in the design and discovery of inert metal complexes as protein binders. In these metal-based probes or drug candidates, the metal is supposed to exert a purely structural role by organizing the coordinating ligands in the three dimensional space to achieve a shape and functional group complementarity with the targeted protein pockets. Presented examples of sandwich, half-sandwich and octahedral d(6)-metal complexes reinforce previous perceptions that metal complexes are highly promising scaffolds for the design of small-molecule protein binders and complement the molecular diversity of organic chemistry by opening untapped chemical space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Dörr
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Eric Meggers
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35043 Marburg, Germany; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China.
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Zhong HJ, Leung KH, Liu LJ, Lu L, Chan DSH, Leung CH, Ma DL. Antagonism of mTOR Activity by a Kinetically Inert Rhodium(III) Complex. Chempluschem 2014; 79:508-511. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201400014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zhao B, Zhang K, Villhauer EB, Bhuripanyo K, Kiyokawa H, Schindelin H, Yin J. Phage display to identify Nedd8-mimicking peptides as inhibitors of the Nedd8 transfer cascade. Chembiochem 2013; 14:1323-30. [PMID: 23824602 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The Nedd8 activating enzyme (NAE) launches the transfer of the ubiquitin-like protein Nedd8 through an enzymatic cascade to covalently modify a diverse array of proteins, thus regulating their biological functions in the cell. The C-terminal peptide of Nedd8 extends deeply into the active site of NAE and plays an important role in the specific recognition of Nedd8 by NAE. We used phage display to profile C-terminal mutant sequences of Nedd8 that could be recognized by NAE for the activation reaction. We found that NAE can accommodate diverse changes in the Nedd8 C-terminal sequence (⁷¹ LALRGG⁷⁶), including Arg and Ile replacing Leu71, Leu, Ser, and Gln replacing Ala72, and substitutions by bulky aromatic residues at positions 73 and 74. We also observed that short peptides corresponding to the C-terminal sequences of the Nedd8 variants can be activated by NAE to form peptide~NAE thioester conjugates. Once NAE is covalently loaded with these Nedd8-mimicking peptides, it can no longer activate full-length Nedd8 for transfer to the neddylation targets, such as the cullin subunits of cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligases (CRLs). We have thus developed a new method to inhibit protein neddylation by Nedd8-mimicking peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 929 E57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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