1
|
The coral reef-dwelling Peneroplis spp. shows calcification recovery to ocean acidification conditions. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6373. [PMID: 35430588 PMCID: PMC9013382 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10375-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Large Benthic Foraminifera are a crucial component of coral-reef ecosystems, which are currently threatened by ocean acidification. We conducted culture experiments to evaluate the impact of low pH on survival and test dissolution of the symbiont-bearing species Peneroplis spp., and to observe potential calcification recovery when specimens are placed back under reference pH value (7.9). We found that Peneroplis spp. displayed living activity up to 3 days at pH 6.9 (Ωcal < 1) or up to 1 month at pH 7.4 (Ωcal > 1), despite the dark and unfed conditions. Dissolution features were observed under low Ωcal values, such as changes in test density, peeled extrados layers, and decalcified tests with exposed organic linings. A new calcification phase started when specimens were placed back at reference pH. This calcification’s resumption was an addition of new chambers without reparation of the dissolved parts, which is consistent with the porcelaneous calcification pathway of Peneroplis spp. The most decalcified specimens displayed a strong survival response by adding up to 8 new chambers, and the contribution of food supply in this process was highlighted. These results suggest that porcelaneous LBF species have some recovery abilities to short exposure (e.g., 3 days to 1 month) to acidified conditions. However, the geochemical signature of trace elements in the new calcite was impacted, and the majority of the new chambers were distorted and resulted in abnormal tests, which might hinder the specimens’ reproduction and thus their survival on the long term.
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen WH, Dillon WDN, Armstrong EA, Moratti SC, McGraw CM. Self-referencing optical fiber pH sensor for marine microenvironments. Talanta 2021; 225:121969. [PMID: 33592803 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study presents the development of an optical fiber pH sensor based on evanescent wave absorbance for continuous pH measurements in marine microenvironments. The sensing layer consists of an optimized sol-gel matrix of tetraethoxysilane and dimethyldiethoxysilane, which substantially improves the entrapment efficiency of the pH indicator meta-cresol purple, leading to a long useable lifetime. The optical fiber pH sensor conforms to the Global Ocean Acidification Observing Network "weather" measurement quality guideline with precision of approximately 0.02 pH units, has a dynamic pHT range of 7.4-9.7 in seawater, a response time of 2.5-6.5 min and a useable lifetime of 7 days. The optical fiber pH sensor has additional advantages of being self-referencing, without the need of an external sensor reference, having a simple fabrication method and basic spectrometer instrumentation. The suitability of the optical fiber pH sensor was demonstrated in real-time measurements of the ecologically significant green seaweed Ulva sp. The optical fiber pH sensor monitored pH variations due to metabolic activity over 7 days within the seaweed canopy and 4 days within the diffusion boundary layer interface, demonstrating the suitability for measurements in marine microenvironments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Har Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Wayne D N Dillon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Evelyn A Armstrong
- NIWA/University of Otago Centre for Oceanography, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yin X, Griesshaber E, Checa A, Nindiyasari-Behal F, Sánchez-Almazo I, Ziegler A, Schmahl WW. Calcite crystal orientation patterns in the bilayers of laminated shells of benthic rotaliid foraminifera. J Struct Biol 2021; 213:107707. [PMID: 33581285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2021.107707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Shells of calcifying foraminifera play a major role in marine biogeochemical cycles; fossil shells form important archives for paleoenvironment reconstruction. Despite their importance in many Earth science disciplines, there is still little consensus on foraminiferal shell mineralization. Geochemical, biochemical, and physiological studies showed that foraminiferal shell formation might take place through various and diverse mineralization mechanisms. In this study, we contribute to benthic foraminiferal shell calcification through deciphering crystallite organization within the shells. We base our conclusions on results gained from electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) measurements and describe microstructure/texture characteristics within the laminated shell walls of the benthic, symbiontic foraminifera: Ammonia tepida, Amphistegina lobifera, Amphistegina lessonii. We highlight crystallite assembly patterns obtained on differently oriented cuts and discuss crystallite sizes, morphologies, interlinkages, orientations, and co-orientation strengths. We show that: (i) crystals within benthic foraminiferal shells are mesocrystals, (ii) have dendritic-fractal morphologies and (iii) interdigitate strongly. Based on crystal size, we (iv) differentiate between the two layers that comprise the shells and demonstrate that (v) crystals in the septa have different assemblies relative to those in the shell walls. We highlight that (vi) at junctions of different shell elements the axis of crystal orientation jumps abruptly such that their assembly in EBSD maps has a bimodal distribution. We prove (vii) extensive twin-formation within foraminiferal calcite; we demonstrate (viii) the presence of two twin modes: 60°/[001] and 77°/~[6 -6 1] and visualize their distributions within the shells. In a broader perspective, we draw conclusions on processes that lead to the observed microstructure/texture patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Yin
- Department für Geo- und Umweltwissenschaften, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany.
| | - E Griesshaber
- Department für Geo- und Umweltwissenschaften, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - A Checa
- Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain, and Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra, CSIC-Universidad de Granada, Armilla, Spain
| | | | - I Sánchez-Almazo
- Centro de Instrumentación Científica, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - A Ziegler
- Zentrale Einrichtung Elektronenmikroskopie, Universität Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - W W Schmahl
- Department für Geo- und Umweltwissenschaften, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Guy-Haim T, Silverman J, Wahl M, Aguirre J, Noisette F, Rilov G. Epiphytes provide micro-scale refuge from ocean acidification. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 161:105093. [PMID: 32798779 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Coralline algae, a major calcifying component of coastal shallow water communities, have been shown to be one of the more vulnerable taxonomic groups to ocean acidification (OA). Under OA, the interaction between corallines and epiphytes was previously described as both positive and negative. We hypothesized that the photosynthetic activity and the complex structure of non-calcifying epiphytic algae that grow on corallines ameliorate the chemical microenvironmental conditions around them, providing protection from OA. Using mesocosm and microsensor experiments, we showed that the widespread coralline Ellisolandia elongata is less susceptible to the detrimental effects of OA when covered with non-calcifying epiphytic algae, and its diffusive boundary layer is thicker than when not covered by epiphytes. By modifying the microenvironmental carbonate chemistry, epiphytes, facilitated by OA, create micro-scale shield (and refuge) with more basic conditions that may allow the persistence of corallines associated with them during acidified conditions. Such ecological refugia could also assist corallines under near-future anthropogenic OA conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Guy-Haim
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, P.O. Box 8030, Haifa, 31080, Israel; The Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, Marine Biology Department, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa, 31905, Israel; GEOMAR, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Experimental Ecology, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, Kiel, 24105, Germany.
| | - Jacob Silverman
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, P.O. Box 8030, Haifa, 31080, Israel
| | - Martin Wahl
- GEOMAR, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Experimental Ecology, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, Kiel, 24105, Germany
| | - Julio Aguirre
- Department of Stratigraphy and Paleontology, University of Granada, Fuentenueva S/n, 18002, Granada, Spain
| | - Fanny Noisette
- Institut des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gil Rilov
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, P.O. Box 8030, Haifa, 31080, Israel; The Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, Marine Biology Department, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa, 31905, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Alves Martins MV, Hohenegger J, Martínez-Colón M, Frontalini F, Bergamashi S, Laut L, Belart P, Mahiques M, Pereira E, Rodrigues R, Terroso D, Miranda P, Geraldes MC, Villena HH, Reis T, Socorro OAA, de Mello E Sousa SH, Yamashita C, Rocha F. Ecological quality status of the NE sector of the Guanabara Bay (Brazil): A case of living benthic foraminiferal resilience. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 158:111449. [PMID: 32753225 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ecological quality status of the NE region of the Guanabara Bay (SE Brazil), one of the most important Brazilian embayments, is evaluated. For this purpose, sediment samples from in the inner of the Guanabara Bay (GB) were collected and analyzed (grain-size, mineralogy, geochemistry and living foraminifera). In this study, it is hypothesized that the potentially toxic elements (PTEs) concentrations, in solution and associated with organic matter (OMPTEs, potential nutrient source), may represent two potential pathways to impact benthic foraminifers. A multiproxy approach applied to complex statistical analyses and ecological indexes shows that the study area is, in general, eutrophic (with high organic matter and low oxygen content), polluted by PTEs and oil. As a consequence, foraminifera are not abundant and their assemblages are poorly diversified and dominated by some stress-tolerant species (i.e., Ammonia tepida, Quinqueloculina seminula, Cribroelphidium excavatum). The results allow us to identify a set of species sensitive to eutrophication and OMPTEs. Factors such as the increase of organic matter contents and OMPTEs and, in particular of Zn, Cd and Pb, the oxygen depletion and the presence of oil, altogether contribute to a marked reduction in the abundance and diversity of foraminifera. Ammonia-Elphidium Index and the Foram Stress Index confirm that the NE zone of GB is, in general, "heavily polluted", with "poor ecological quality status" and experiences suboxic to anoxic conditions. In light of it, special attention from public authorities and policymakers is required in order to take immediate actions to enable its environmental recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Virgínia Alves Martins
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Geologia, Departamento de Estratigrafia e Paleontologia, Av. São Francisco Xavier, 524, sala 2020A, Maracanã, 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Universidade de Aveiro, GeoBioTec, Departamento de Geociências, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Johann Hohenegger
- Universität Wien, Institut für Paläontologie, Althanstrasse 17, A 1090 Wien, Austria.
| | - Michael Martínez-Colón
- Florida A&M University, School of the Environment, FL, USA, FSH Science Research Center, RM306B, 1515 South MLK Blvd, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA.
| | - Fabrizio Frontalini
- Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Dipartimento di Scienze Pure e Applicate (DiSPeA), Urbino, Italy.
| | - Sérgio Bergamashi
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Geologia, Departamento de Estratigrafia e Paleontologia, Av. São Francisco Xavier, 524, sala 2020A, Maracanã, 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Lazaro Laut
- Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - UNIRIO, Laboratório de Micropaleontologia - LabMicro, Av. Pasteur, 458, IBIO/CCET sala 500 Urca, 22.240-490, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Pierre Belart
- Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - UNIRIO, Laboratório de Micropaleontologia - LabMicro, Av. Pasteur, 458, IBIO/CCET sala 500 Urca, 22.240-490, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Michel Mahiques
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto Ocenográfico, Departamento de Ocenografia Física, Brazil.
| | - Egberto Pereira
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Geologia, Departamento de Estratigrafia e Paleontologia, Av. São Francisco Xavier, 524, sala 2020A, Maracanã, 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Rene Rodrigues
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Geologia, Departamento de Estratigrafia e Paleontologia, Av. São Francisco Xavier, 524, sala 2020A, Maracanã, 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Denise Terroso
- Universidade de Aveiro, GeoBioTec, Departamento de Geociências, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Paulo Miranda
- Governo Regional dos Açores, Direção Regional dos Assuntos do Mar, Horta, Açores, Portugal.
| | - Mauro César Geraldes
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Geologia, Departamento de Estratigrafia e Paleontologia, Av. São Francisco Xavier, 524, sala 2020A, Maracanã, 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Hélio Heringer Villena
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, UERJ, Faculdade de Oceanografia, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 4° andar, Bloco E, sala 4018, CEP 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Tadeu Reis
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, UERJ, Faculdade de Oceanografia, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 4° andar, Bloco E, sala 4018, CEP 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Orangel Antonio Aguilera Socorro
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Laboratorio de Paleoecologia e Mudanças Globais Campus de Gragoatá, Bloco M, CEP: 24210-200, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | - Cintia Yamashita
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto Ocenográfico, Departamento de Ocenografia Física, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Rocha
- Universidade de Aveiro, GeoBioTec, Departamento de Geociências, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Doo SS, Leplastrier A, Graba‐Landry A, Harianto J, Coleman RA, Byrne M. Amelioration of ocean acidification and warming effects through physiological buffering of a macroalgae. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:8465-8475. [PMID: 32788994 PMCID: PMC7417211 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Concurrent anthropogenic global climate change and ocean acidification are expected to have a negative impact on calcifying marine organisms. While knowledge of biological responses of organisms to oceanic stress has emerged from single-species experiments, these do not capture ecologically relevant scenarios where the potential for multi-organism physiological interactions is assessed. Marine algae provide an interesting case study, as their photosynthetic activity elevates pH in the surrounding microenvironment, potentially buffering more acidic conditions for associated epiphytes. We present findings that indicate increased tolerance of an important epiphytic foraminifera, Marginopora vertebralis, to the effects of increased temperature (±3°C) and pCO2 (~1,000 µatm) when associated with its common algal host, Laurencia intricata. Specimens of M. vertebralis were incubated for 15 days in flow-through aquaria simulating current and end-of-century temperature and pH conditions. Physiological measures of growth (change in wet weight), calcification (measured change in total alkalinity in closed bottles), photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), total chlorophyll, photosynthesis (oxygen flux), and respiration were determined. When incubated in isolation, M. vertebralis exhibited reduced growth in end-of-century projections of ocean acidification conditions, while calcification rates were lowest in the high-temperature, low-pH treatment. Interestingly, association with L. intricata ameliorated these stress effects with the growth and calcification rates of M. vertebralis being similar to those observed in ambient conditions. Total chlorophyll levels in M. vertebralis decreased when in association with L. intricata, while maximum photochemical efficiency increased in ambient conditions. Net production estimates remained similar between M. vertebralis in isolation and in association with L. intricata, although both production and respiration rates of M. vertebralis were significantly higher when associated with L. intricata. These results indicate that the association with L. intricata increases the resilience of M. vertebralis to climate change stress, providing one of the first examples of physiological buffering by a marine alga that can ameliorate the negative effects of changing ocean conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steve S. Doo
- Coastal & Marine Ecosystems GroupSchool of Life & Environmental SciencesThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
- Geoecology and Carbonate Sedimentology GroupLeibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT)BremenGermany
| | - Aero Leplastrier
- Research School of Earth SciencesThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Alexia Graba‐Landry
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef StudiesJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQldAustralia
| | - Januar Harianto
- Coastal & Marine Ecosystems GroupSchool of Life & Environmental SciencesThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Ross A. Coleman
- Coastal & Marine Ecosystems GroupSchool of Life & Environmental SciencesThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Maria Byrne
- Coastal & Marine Ecosystems GroupSchool of Life & Environmental SciencesThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ramajo L, Lagos NA, Duarte CM. Seagrass Posidonia oceanica diel pH fluctuations reduce the mortality of epiphytic forams under experimental ocean acidification. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 146:247-254. [PMID: 31426153 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It is hypothesized that pH fluctuations produced by seagrasses metabolism may confer marine calcifiers resistance to ocean acidification. Here, we tested this thesis by comparing the net population growth rate (NPGR) of a foraminifer species (Rosalina sp.) epiphytic of Mediterranean seagrass (Posidonia oceanica) to average current and projected pH scenarios under either stable conditions or diel fluctuations in pH of 0.3 units; variations similar to that experienced in their habitat. No significant differences were found in NPGRs between the fluctuating and stable pH treatments at current pH levels. NPGRs in treatments where pH fluctuated did not present significant differences to the treatment with high and stable pH conditions. In contrast, foraminifers exposed to stable low pH regimes experienced a steep decline in NPGR. These results suggest that diel pH fluctuations generated by P. oceanica photosynthetic activity could confer resistance to ocean acidification to Rosalina sp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ramajo
- Centro de Estudios Avazados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile; Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CiiCC), Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Nelson A Lagos
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CiiCC), Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos M Duarte
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Guamán-Guevara F, Austin H, Hicks N, Streeter R, Austin WEN. Impacts of ocean acidification on intertidal benthic foraminiferal growth and calcification. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220046. [PMID: 31433797 PMCID: PMC6703850 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Foraminifera are expected to be particularly susceptible to future changes in ocean carbonate chemistry as a function of increased atmospheric CO2. Studies in an experimental recirculating seawater system were performed with a dominant benthic foraminiferal species collected from intertidal mudflats. We investigated the experimental impacts of ocean acidification on survival, growth/calcification, morphology and the biometric features of a calcareous species Elphidium williamsoni. Foraminifera were exposed for 6 weeks to four different pH treatments that replicated future scenarios of a high CO2 atmosphere resulting in lower seawater pH. Results revealed that declining seawater pH caused a decline in foraminiferal survival rate and growth/calcification (mainly through test weight reduction). Scanning electron microscopy image analysis of live specimens at the end of the experimental period show changes in foraminiferal morphology with clear signs of corrosion and cracking on the test surface, septal bridges, sutures and feeding structures of specimens exposed to the lowest pH conditions. These findings suggest that the morphological changes observed in shell feeding structures may serve to alter: (1) foraminiferal feeding efficiency and their long-term ecological competitiveness, (2) the energy transferred within the benthic food web with a subsequent shift in benthic community structures and (3) carbon cycling and total CaCO3 production, both highly significant processes in coastal waters. These experimental results open-up the possibility of modelling future impacts of ocean acidification on both calcification and dissolution in benthic foraminifera within mid-latitude intertidal environments, with potential implications for understanding the changing marine carbon cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabricio Guamán-Guevara
- School of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St. Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland
| | - Heather Austin
- School of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St. Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland
| | - Natalie Hicks
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Streeter
- School of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St. Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland
| | - William E. N. Austin
- School of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St. Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland
- The Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Oban, Scotland
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Richier S, Achterberg EP, Humphreys MP, Poulton AJ, Suggett DJ, Tyrrell T, Moore CM. Geographical CO 2 sensitivity of phytoplankton correlates with ocean buffer capacity. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:4438-4452. [PMID: 29799660 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of anthropogenic CO2 is significantly altering ocean chemistry. A range of biological impacts resulting from this oceanic CO2 accumulation are emerging, however, the mechanisms responsible for observed differential susceptibility between organisms and across environmental settings remain obscure. A primary consequence of increased oceanic CO2 uptake is a decrease in the carbonate system buffer capacity, which characterizes the system's chemical resilience to changes in CO2 , generating the potential for enhanced variability in pCO2 and the concentration of carbonate [ CO32- ], bicarbonate [ HCO3- ], and protons [H+ ] in the future ocean. We conducted a meta-analysis of 17 shipboard manipulation experiments performed across three distinct geographical regions that encompassed a wide range of environmental conditions from European temperate seas to Arctic and Southern oceans. These data demonstrated a correlation between the magnitude of natural phytoplankton community biological responses to short-term CO2 changes and variability in the local buffer capacity across ocean basin scales. Specifically, short-term suppression of small phytoplankton (<10 μm) net growth rates were consistently observed under enhanced pCO2 within experiments performed in regions with higher ambient buffer capacity. The results further highlight the relevance of phytoplankton cell size for the impacts of enhanced pCO2 in both the modern and future ocean. Specifically, cell size-related acclimation and adaptation to regional environmental variability, as characterized by buffer capacity, likely influences interactions between primary producers and carbonate chemistry over a range of spatio-temporal scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Richier
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Eric P Achterberg
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthew P Humphreys
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | - David J Suggett
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Essex, UK
- Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia
| | - Toby Tyrrell
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Christopher Mark Moore
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ocean acidification compromises a planktic calcifier with implications for global carbon cycling. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2225. [PMID: 28533519 PMCID: PMC5440396 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01530-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenically-forced changes in ocean chemistry at both the global and regional scale have the potential to negatively impact calcifying plankton, which play a key role in ecosystem functioning and marine carbon cycling. We cultured a globally important calcifying marine plankter (the foraminifer, Globigerina bulloides) under an ecologically relevant range of seawater pH (7.5 to 8.3 total scale). Multiple metrics of calcification and physiological performance varied with pH. At pH > 8.0, increased calcification occurred without a concomitant rise in respiration rates. However, as pH declined from 8.0 to 7.5, calcification and oxygen consumption both decreased, suggesting a reduced ability to precipitate shell material accompanied by metabolic depression. Repair of spines, important for both buoyancy and feeding, was also reduced at pH < 7.7. The dependence of calcification, respiration, and spine repair on seawater pH suggests that foraminifera will likely be challenged by future ocean conditions. Furthermore, the nature of these effects has the potential to actuate changes in vertical transport of organic and inorganic carbon, perturbing feedbacks to regional and global marine carbon cycling. The biological impacts of seawater pH have additional, important implications for the use of foraminifera as paleoceanographic indicators.
Collapse
|
11
|
Prazeres M, Uthicke S, Pandolfi JM. Ocean acidification induces biochemical and morphological changes in the calcification process of large benthic foraminifera. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 282:20142782. [PMID: 25694619 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.2782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Large benthic foraminifera are significant contributors to sediment formation on coral reefs, yet they are vulnerable to ocean acidification. Here, we assessed the biochemical and morphological impacts of acidification on the calcification of Amphistegina lessonii and Marginopora vertebralis exposed to different pH conditions. We measured growth rates (surface area and buoyant weight) and Ca-ATPase and Mg-ATPase activities and calculated shell density using micro-computer tomography images. In A. lessonii, we detected a significant decrease in buoyant weight, a reduction in the density of inner skeletal chambers, and an increase of Ca-ATPase and Mg-ATPase activities at pH 7.6 when compared with ambient conditions of pH 8.1. By contrast, M. vertebralis showed an inhibition in Mg-ATPase activity under lowered pH, with growth rate and skeletal density remaining constant. While M. vertebralis is considered to be more sensitive than A. lessonii owing to its high-Mg-calcite skeleton, it appears to be less affected by changes in pH, based on the parameters assessed in this study. We suggest difference in biochemical pathways of calcification as the main factor influencing response to changes in pH levels, and that A. lessonii and M. vertebralis have the ability to regulate biochemical functions to cope with short-term increases in acidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Prazeres
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Sven Uthicke
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No. 3, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia
| | - John M Pandolfi
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Uthicke S, Momigliano P, Fabricius KE. High risk of extinction of benthic foraminifera in this century due to ocean acidification. Sci Rep 2013. [PMCID: PMC3642656 DOI: 10.1038/srep01769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations lead to decreased pH and carbonate availability in the ocean (Ocean Acidification, OA). Carbon dioxide seeps serve as ‘windows into the future’ to study the ability of marine invertebrates to acclimatise to OA. We studied benthic foraminifera in sediments from shallow volcanic CO2 seeps in Papua New Guinea. Conditions follow a gradient from present day pH/pCO2 to those expected past 2100. We show that foraminiferal densities and diversity declined steeply with increasing pCO2. Foraminifera were almost absent at sites with pH < 7.9 (>700 μatm pCO2). Symbiont-bearing species did not exhibit reduced vulnerability to extinction at <7.9 pH. Non-calcifying taxa declined less steeply along pCO2 gradients, but were also absent in samples at pH < 7.9. Data suggest the possibility of an OA induced ecological extinction of shallow tropical benthic foraminifera by 2100; similar to extinctions observed in the geological past.
Collapse
|