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Rozario AM, Duwé S, Elliott C, Hargreaves RB, Moseley GW, Dedecker P, Whelan DR, Bell TDM. Nanoscale characterization of drug-induced microtubule filament dysfunction using super-resolution microscopy. BMC Biol 2021; 19:260. [PMID: 34895240 PMCID: PMC8665533 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01164-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The integrity of microtubule filament networks is essential for the roles in diverse cellular functions, and disruption of its structure or dynamics has been explored as a therapeutic approach to tackle diseases such as cancer. Microtubule-interacting drugs, sometimes referred to as antimitotics, are used in cancer therapy to target and disrupt microtubules. However, due to associated side effects on healthy cells, there is a need to develop safer drug regimens that still retain clinical efficacy. Currently, many questions remain open regarding the extent of effects on cellular physiology of microtubule-interacting drugs at clinically relevant and low doses. Here, we use super-resolution microscopies (single-molecule localization and optical fluctuation based) to reveal the initial microtubule dysfunctions caused by nanomolar concentrations of colcemid. RESULTS We identify previously undetected microtubule (MT) damage caused by clinically relevant doses of colcemid. Short exposure to 30-80 nM colcemid results in aberrant microtubule curvature, with a trend of increased curvature associated to increased doses, and curvatures greater than 2 rad/μm, a value associated with MT breakage. Microtubule fragmentation was detected upon treatment with ≥ 100 nM colcemid. Remarkably, lower doses (< 20 nM after 5 h) led to subtle but significant microtubule architecture remodelling characterized by increased curvature and suppression of microtubule dynamics. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the emerging hypothesis that microtubule-interacting drugs induce non-mitotic effects in cells, and establish a multi-modal imaging assay for detecting and measuring nanoscale microtubule dysfunction. The sub-diffraction visualization of these less severe precursor perturbations compared to the established antimitotic effects of microtubule-interacting drugs offers potential for improved understanding and design of anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Rozario
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia
| | - Sam Duwé
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Cade Elliott
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia
| | | | - Gregory W Moseley
- Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, 3800, Australia
| | - Peter Dedecker
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Donna R Whelan
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, 3552, Australia.
| | - Toby D M Bell
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia.
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Serikbaeva A, Tvorogova A, Kauanova S, Vorobjev IA. Analysis of Microtubule Dynamics Heterogeneity in Cell Culture. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1745:181-204. [PMID: 29476470 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7680-5_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) are dynamic components of the cytoskeleton playing an important role in a large number of cell functions. Individual MTs in living cells undergo stochastic switching between alternate states of growth, shortening and attenuated phase, a phenomenon known as tempered dynamic instability. Dynamic instability of MTs is usually analyzed by labeling MTs with +TIPs, namely, EB proteins. Tracking of +TIP trajectories allows analyzing MT growth in cells with a different density of MTs. Numerous labs now use +TIP to track growing MTs in a variety of cell cultures. However, heterogeneity of MT dynamics is usually underestimated, and rather small sampling for the description of dynamic instability parameters is often used. The strategy described in this chapter is the method for repetitive quantitative analysis of MT growth rate within the same cell that allows minimization of the variation in MT dynamics measurement. We show that variability in MT dynamics within a cell when using repeated measurements is significantly less than between different cells in the same chamber. This approach allows better estimation of the heterogeneity of cells' responses to different treatments. To compare the effects of different MT inhibitors, the protocol using normalized values for MT dynamics and repetitive measurements for each cell is employed. This chapter provides detailed methods for analysis of MT dynamics in tissue cultures. We describe protocols for imaging MT dynamics by fluorescent microscopy, contrast enhancement technique, and MT dynamics analysis using triple color-coded display based on sequential subtraction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anara Serikbaeva
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Technology, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Anna Tvorogova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sholpan Kauanova
- School of Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Ivan A Vorobjev
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Technology, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan.
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Penjweini R, Deville S, Haji Maghsoudi O, Notelaers K, Ethirajan A, Ameloot M. Investigating the effect of poly-l-lactic acid nanoparticles carrying hypericin on the flow-biased diffusive motion of HeLa cell organelles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 71:104-116. [PMID: 28722126 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, we investigate in human cervical epithelial HeLa cells the intracellular dynamics and the mutual interaction with the organelles of the poly-l-lactic acid nanoparticles (PLLA NPs) carrying the naturally occurring hydrophobic photosensitizer hypericin. METHODS Temporal and spatiotemporal image correlation spectroscopy was used for the assessment of the intracellular diffusion and directed motion of the nanocarriers by tracking the hypericin fluorescence. Using image cross-correlation spectroscopy and specific fluorescent labelling of endosomes, lysosomes and mitochondria, the NPs dynamics in association with the cell organelles was studied. Static colocalization experiments were interpreted according to the Manders' overlap coefficient. KEY FINDINGS Nanoparticles associate with a small fraction of the whole-organelle population. The organelles moving with NPs exhibit higher directed motion compared to those moving without them. The rate of the directed motion drops substantially after the application of nocodazole. The random component of the organelle motions is not influenced by the NPs. CONCLUSIONS Image correlation and cross-correlation spectroscopy are most appropriate to unravel the motion of the PLLA nanocarrier and to demonstrate that the rate of the directed motion of organelles is influenced by their interaction with the nanocarriers. Not all PLLA-hypericin NPs are associated with organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozhin Penjweini
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,NHLBI Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sarah Deville
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Environmental Risk and Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research, Mol, Belgium
| | - Omid Haji Maghsoudi
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kristof Notelaers
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Division of Nanoscopy, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Anitha Ethirajan
- Institute for Materials Research, IMO-IMOMEC, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Marcel Ameloot
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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4
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Pfaltzgraff ER, Roth GM, Miller PM, Gintzig AG, Ohi R, Bader DM. Loss of CENP-F results in distinct microtubule-related defects without chromosomal abnormalities. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:1990-9. [PMID: 27146114 PMCID: PMC4927273 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-12-0848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubule (MT)-binding centromere protein F (CENP-F) was previously shown to play a role exclusively in chromosome segregation during cellular division. Many cell models of CENP-F depletion show a lag in the cell cycle and aneuploidy. Here, using our novel genetic deletion model, we show that CENP-F also regulates a broader range of cellular functions outside of cell division. We characterized CENP-F(+/+) and CENP-F(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and found drastic differences in multiple cellular functions during interphase, including cell migration, focal adhesion dynamics, and primary cilia formation. We discovered that CENP-F(-/-) MEFs have severely diminished MT dynamics, which underlies the phenotypes we describe. These data, combined with recent biochemical research demonstrating the strong binding of CENP-F to the MT network, support the conclusion that CENP-F is a powerful regulator of MT dynamics during interphase and affects heterogeneous cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise R Pfaltzgraff
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Gretchen M Roth
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Paul M Miller
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Anneelizabeth G Gintzig
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Ryoma Ohi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - David M Bader
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
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Penjweini R, Deville S, D'Olieslaeger L, Berden M, Ameloot M, Ethirajan A. Intracellular localization and dynamics of Hypericin loaded PLLA nanocarriers by image correlation spectroscopy. J Control Release 2015; 218:82-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Zhu C, Zuo Y, Liang B, Yue H, Yue X, Wen G, Wang R, Quan J, Du J, Bu X. Distinct tubulin dynamics in cancer cells explored using a highly tubulin-specific fluorescent probe. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015. [PMID: 26214302 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc04927j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A highly specific fluorescent probe (OC9) was discovered exhibiting tubulin-specific affinity fluorescence, which allowed selective labeling of cellular tubulin in microtubules. Moreover, distinct tubulin dynamics in various cellular bio-settings such as drug resistant or epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) cancer cells were directly observed for the first time via OC9 staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuige Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, GuangZhou 510006, China.
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Prahl LS, Castle BT, Gardner MK, Odde DJ. Quantitative analysis of microtubule self-assembly kinetics and tip structure. Methods Enzymol 2014; 540:35-52. [PMID: 24630100 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-397924-7.00003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules are dynamic polymers of the cytoskeleton, which play important roles in cell division, polarization, and intracellular transport. Self-assembly of microtubule polymer from αβ-tubulin heterodimers is highly variable, with stochastic switching between alternate states of net growth and net shortening, a phenomenon known as dynamic instability. Microtubule tip structures are also variable and directly influence the kinetics of assembly and vice versa. TipTracker, a semiautomated, image processing-based tool, permits high spatial and temporal resolution measurements from fluorescence microscopy images (~10-40 nm, or 1-5 dimer lengths, at 1-10 Hz) with simultaneous tip structure estimation. We provide a walkthrough of the TipTracker code to demonstrate methods used to (1) fit the coordinates of the microtubule backbone; (2) track microtubule tip position; and (3) estimate tip structure from the spatial decay of the tip fluorescence distribution, discuss possible sources of error, and include an example protocol for nanometer-scale tip tracking in living cells. Additionally, we evaluate TipTracker's accuracy on simulated digital images and fixed microtubules to estimate accuracy under realistic imaging conditions. In summary, this chapter demonstrates the use of TipTracker in making robust, high-resolution measurements of microtubule tip dynamics and structures, facilitating quantitative investigations into nanoscale/molecular control of microtubule assembly. Although our primary focus is on microtubules, these methods are, in principle, suitable for other polymer structures, such as F-actin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis S Prahl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Brian T Castle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Melissa K Gardner
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - David J Odde
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
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Xia C, Nguyen M, Garrison AK, Zhao Z, Wang Z, Sutherland C, Ma L. CNP/cGMP signaling regulates axon branching and growth by modulating microtubule polymerization. Dev Neurobiol 2013; 73:673-87. [PMID: 23420620 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The peptide hormone CNP has recently been found to positively regulate axon branching and growth via activation of cGMP signaling in embryonic dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, but the cellular mechanisms mediating the regulation of these developmental processes have not been established. In this study, we provide evidence linking CNP/cGMP signaling to microtubule dynamics via the microtubule regulator CRMP2. First, phosphorylation of CRMP2 can be suppressed by cGMP activation in embryonic DRG neurons, and non-phosphorylated CRMP2 promotes axon branching and growth. In addition, real time analysis of growing microtubule ends indicates a similar correlation of CRMP2 phosphorylation and its activity in promoting microtubule polymerization rates and durations in both COS cells and DRG neuron growth cones. Moreover, direct activation of cGMP signaling leads to increased assembly of dynamic microtubules in DRG growth cones. Finally, low doses of a microtubule depolymerization drug nocodazole block CNP/cGMP-dependent axon branching and growth. Taken together, our results support a critical role of microtubule dynamics in mediating CNP/cGMP regulation of axonal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Xia
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
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