1
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Tohidi E, Ghaemi M, Golvajouei MS. A review on camelid nanobodies with potential application in veterinary medicine. Vet Res Commun 2024:10.1007/s11259-024-10432-x. [PMID: 38869749 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10432-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The single variable domains of camelid heavy-chain only antibodies, known as nanobodies, have taken a long journey since their discovery in 1989 until the first nanobody-based drug's entrance to the market in 2022. On account of their unique properties, nanobodies have been successfully used for diagnosis and therapy against various diseases or conditions. Although research on the application of recombinant antibodies has focused on human medicine, the development of nanobodies has paved the way for incorporating recombinant antibody production in favour of veterinary medicine. Currently, despite many efforts in developing these biomolecules with diversified applications, significant opportunities exist for exploiting these highly versatile and cost-effective antibodies in veterinary medicine. The present study attempts to identify existing gaps and shed light on paths for future research by presenting an updated review on camelid nanobodies with potential applications in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emadodin Tohidi
- Biotechnology Division, Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mehran Ghaemi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Golvajouei
- Biotechnology Division, Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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2
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Jayanthi BE, Jayanthi S, Segatori L. Design of Oscillatory Networks through Post-Translational Control of Network Components. SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY AND ENGINEERING 2023; 1:10004. [PMID: 38590452 PMCID: PMC11000592 DOI: 10.35534/sbe.2023.10004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Many essential functions in biological systems, including cell cycle progression and circadian rhythm regulation, are governed by the periodic behaviors of specific molecules. These periodic behaviors arise from the precise arrangement of components in biomolecular networks that generate oscillatory output signals. The dynamic properties of individual components of these networks, such as maturation delays and degradation rates, often play a key role in determining the network's oscillatory behavior. In this study, we explored the post-translational modulation of network components as a means to generate genetic circuits with oscillatory behaviors and perturb the oscillation features. Specifically, we used the NanoDeg platform-A bifunctional molecule consisting of a target-specific nanobody and a degron tag-to control the degradation rates of the circuit's components and predicted the effect of NanoDeg-mediated post-translational depletion of a key circuit component on the behavior of a series of proto-oscillating network topologies. We modeled the behavior of two main classes of oscillators, namely relaxation oscillator topologies (the activator-repressor and the Goodwin oscillator) and ring oscillator topologies (repressilators). We identified two main mechanisms by which non-oscillating networks could be induced to oscillate through post-translational modulation of network components: an increase in the separation of timescales of network components and mitigation of the leaky expression of network components. These results are in agreement with previous findings describing the effect of timescale separation and mitigation of leaky expression on oscillatory behaviors. This work thus validates the use of tools to control protein degradation rates as a strategy to modulate existing oscillatory signals and construct oscillatory networks. In addition, this study provides the design rules to implement such an approach based on the control of protein degradation rates using the NanoDeg platform, which does not require genetic manipulation of the network components and can be adapted to virtually any cellular protein. This work also establishes a framework to explore the use of tools for post-translational perturbations of biomolecular networks and generates desired behaviors of the network output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna E.K. Jayanthi
- Systems, Synthetic, and Physical Biology Graduate Program, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Shridhar Jayanthi
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Laura Segatori
- Systems, Synthetic, and Physical Biology Graduate Program, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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3
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Klangprapan S, Weng CC, Huang WT, Li YK, Choowongkomon K. Selection and Characterization of a Single-Chain Variable Fragment against Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Capsid and Impedimetric Immunosensor Development. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:24233-24243. [PMID: 34568701 PMCID: PMC8459408 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the primary causative agent of porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD) that causes huge global economic losses for the swine industry. Effective strategies or rapid detection of PCV2 in pig are essential to control PCVAD. Here, single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) were selected and characterized against the PCV2 capsid using phage display technology. Phage scFv clones were selected from the human scFv phagemid library (Tomlinson I + J) for direct panning against the PCV2 capsid. Eighty-four monoclonal phage scFvs were individually tested for binding to the PCV2 capsid by ELISA. Eight scFv clones showed significant binding to the PCV2 capsid and only three clones (clone nos. 13, 37, and 81) contained both VHCDRs and VLCDRs in the sequence. Clone scFv no. 81 had the highest reactivity to the PCV2 capsid and was constructed in the pET22b (+) expression vector. The recombinant was transformed to Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) for expression and purification. The scFv showed appropriate affinity to the PCV2 capsid by western blot analysis. Kinetics of scFv and the PCV2 capsid were determined using surface plasmon resonance and showed binding affinity in the nanomolar range (K D = 57.2 nM). Our scFv was first applied in the development of an impedimetric immunosensor for PCV2 capsid detection, and results showed that impedance increased with increasing PCV2 capsid expression with limit of detection = 114 nM. Findings demonstrated that our scFv has potential for use as a receptor for biosensor devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supaporn Klangprapan
- Genetic Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Graduate School, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Chang-Ching Weng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yaw-Kuen Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Kiattawee Choowongkomon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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4
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Jayanthi B, Bachhav B, Wan Z, Martinez Legaspi S, Segatori L. A platform for post-translational spatiotemporal control of cellular proteins. Synth Biol (Oxf) 2021; 6:ysab002. [PMID: 33763602 PMCID: PMC7976946 DOI: 10.1093/synbio/ysab002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cells process information through coordinated spatiotemporal regulation of proteins. Engineering cellular networks thus relies on efficient tools for regulating protein levels in specific subcellular compartments. To address the need to manipulate the extent and dynamics of protein localization, we developed a platform technology for the target-specific control of protein destination. This platform is based on bifunctional molecules comprising a target-specific nanobody and universal sequences determining target subcellular localization or degradation rate. We demonstrate that nanobody-mediated localization depends on the expression level of the target and the nanobody, and the extent of target subcellular localization can be regulated by combining multiple target-specific nanobodies with distinct localization or degradation sequences. We also show that this platform for nanobody-mediated target localization and degradation can be regulated transcriptionally and integrated within orthogonal genetic circuits to achieve the desired temporal control over spatial regulation of target proteins. The platform reported in this study provides an innovative tool to control protein subcellular localization, which will be useful to investigate protein function and regulate large synthetic gene circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Jayanthi
- Systems, Synthetic and Physical Biology Graduate Program, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bhagyashree Bachhav
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zengyi Wan
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Laura Segatori
- Systems, Synthetic and Physical Biology Graduate Program, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
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5
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Ma X, Lv C, Wang Q, Li C, Wang P, Luo C, Wu Y, Wei T, Liu S, Adam FEA, Yang Z, Wang X. C1QBP inhibits proliferation of porcine circovirus type 2 by restricting nuclear import of the capsid protein. Arch Virol 2021; 166:767-778. [PMID: 33420816 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04950-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Complement component 1 Q subcomponent-binding protein (C1QBP) has been shown to interact with the porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) Cap protein. Here, using yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and co-immunoprecipitation assays, as well as laser confocal microscopy, the interaction between C1QBP and Cap was confirmed. Furthermore, overexpression of C1QBP in cells altered the intracellular location of Cap, which was observed using confocal microscopy and verified by detection of Cap in nuclear protein extracts in a Western blot assay. By inhibiting nuclear transport of Cap, overexpression of C1QBP downregulated PCV2 proliferation in PK-15 cells, as determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). As C1QBP plays a similar role in a fusion of green fluorescent protein (GFP) with the Cap nuclear localisation signal (NLS) sequence, (CapNLS-GFP), we propose that the target site for C1QBP in Cap is possibly located in the NLS region. Considering all the results together, this study demonstrated that C1QBP interacts with the Cap NLS region, resulting in changes in the intracellular localisation of the Cap protein. We confirmed that overexpression of C1QBP inhibits the proliferation of PCV2, and this is possibly related to the function of C1QBP in controlling nuclear transport of Cap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Changjie Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Peixin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Siying Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Zengqi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinglong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Liu G, Qiao X, Chang C, Hua T, Wang J, Tang B, Zhang D. Reduction of Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome-Associated Clinical Symptoms by Virus-Like Particle Vaccine Against Porcine Parvovirus and Porcine Circovirus Type 2. Viral Immunol 2020; 33:444-456. [PMID: 32255758 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2019.0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) capsid (Cap) protein and porcine parvovirus (PPV) VP2 protein have been studied in vaccines to control postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). Virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines are nonreplicative vectors that deliver epitopes and induce immune responses. However, most VLP vaccines are recombinant proteins expressed in eukaryotic systems and are expensive and complex. In this study, the full-length PCV2-Cap and PPV-VP2 proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli, which self-assembled into VLPs. The highly soluble proteins were purified using Ni-chelating affinity chromatography. The proteins self-assembled into VLPs of ∼20 nm (Cap VLP) and 25 nm (VP2 VLP) in diameter. The immunogenicities of Cap VLP and VP2 VLP were determined in piglets coinfected with PPV and PCV2 postimmunization. The results suggested that Cap VLP and VP2 VLP did not antagonize each other. The combined vaccine induced stronger humoral and cellular immune responses and provided the best protection against PPV and PCV2 coinfection. On a farm containing PMWS-infected pigs, the combined Cap VLP and VP2 VLP vaccine significantly improved piglet growth indices; the average daily weight gains were significantly higher than those of the Cap VLP vaccine and nonimmunized groups. Thus, Cap and VP2 protein expression in E. coli is feasible for large-scale VLP vaccine production. The combined vaccine may be a promising candidate vaccine for better preventing PMWS-associated diseases coinfected with PCV2 and PPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyang Liu
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology and Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xuwen Qiao
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology and Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chen Chang
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology and Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tao Hua
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology and Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jichun Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology and Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Bo Tang
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology and Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Daohua Zhang
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology and Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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7
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Novel Lentivirus-Based Method for Rapid Selection of Inhibitory Nanobody against PRRSV. Viruses 2020; 12:v12020229. [PMID: 32092857 PMCID: PMC7077216 DOI: 10.3390/v12020229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence and re-emergence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has resulted in huge economic losses for the swine industry. Current vaccines are of limited efficacy against endemic circulating PRRSV variants. New strategies against PRRSV infection are in urgent need. Here, a nanobody library in Marc-145 cells is constructed for antiviral nanobodies. Nanobody encoding sequences from two non-immunized llamas were cloned to generate a pseudotyped lentiviral library. Several candidates were selected from survival cells post-PRRSV inoculation and further characterized. Nb9 was identified with strong antiviral activity. Moreover, Nb9 exerted antiviral activity via its interaction with PRRSV viral proteins, as revealed by immunofluorescence assay and Western blot. Taken together, the novel function-based screen of the lentivirus nanobody library, instead of the conventional affinity-based screen, offers an alternative strategy for antiviral reagents against PRRSV and other pathogens.
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8
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Qiao XW, Yu XM, Li PC, Yu SS, Chen J, Zhang YP, Yang L, Hou LT, Zheng QS, Hou JB. Immune efficacy of a porcine circovirus type 2 vaccine purified using Gram-positive enhancer matrix surface display technology. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:658-669. [PMID: 31183947 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Purification of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) using Gram-positive enhancer matrix (GEM) surface display technology and immunogenicity evaluation of the purified antigen. METHODS AND RESULTS A recombinant bifunctional protein containing a protein anchor domain and a 'virus anchor' domain was designed as a protein linker (PL) between PCV2 and GEM particles. By incubating with PL and GEM particles sequentially, PCV2 could be purified and enriched through a simple centrifugation process with GEM surface display technology. Our data showed that one unit (2·5 × 109 particles) of GEM particles with 80 μg PL could purify 100 ml of PCV2-containing culture supernatant (viral titre: 106·5 TCID50 per ml-1 ) with a recovery rate up to 99·6%. The impurity removal efficiency of this method, calculated according to decreased total protein content during purification, was approximately 98%. Furthermore, in vivo experimentation showed that piglets immunized with purified PCV2 could elicit strong immune responses to prevent against PCV2 infection. CONCLUSION Porcine circovirus type 2 could be efficiently purified and enriched with GEM display technology via a crucial PL, and the purified PCV2 could elicit effective immune responses against PCV2 infection. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The GEM-based purification method established here is cost-efficient and high-throughput, and may represent a promising large-scale purification method for PCV2 vaccine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-W Qiao
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Jiangsu, China
| | - X-M Yu
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - P-C Li
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - S-S Yu
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J Chen
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y-P Zhang
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - L Yang
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - L-T Hou
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Q-S Zheng
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J-B Hou
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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9
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Clarke SC, Ma B, Trinklein ND, Schellenberger U, Osborn MJ, Ouisse LH, Boudreau A, Davison LM, Harris KE, Ugamraj HS, Balasubramani A, Dang KH, Jorgensen B, Ogana HAN, Pham DT, Pratap PP, Sankaran P, Anegon I, van Schooten WC, Brüggemann M, Buelow R, Force Aldred S. Multispecific Antibody Development Platform Based on Human Heavy Chain Antibodies. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3037. [PMID: 30666250 PMCID: PMC6330309 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy chain-only antibodies (HCAbs) do not associate with light chains and their VH regions are functional as single domains, forming the smallest active antibody fragment. These VH regions are ideal building blocks for a variety of antibody-based biologics because they tolerate fusion to other molecules and may also be attached in series to construct multispecific antibodies without the need for protein engineering to ensure proper heavy and light chain pairing. Production of human HCAbs has been impeded by the fact that natural human VH regions require light chain association and display poor biophysical characteristics when expressed in the absence of light chains. Here, we present an innovative platform for the rapid development of diverse sets of human HCAbs that have been selected in vivo. Our unique approach combines antibody repertoire analysis with immunization of transgenic rats, called UniRats, that produce chimeric HCAbs with fully human VH domains in response to an antigen challenge. UniRats express HCAbs from large transgenic loci representing the entire productive human heavy chain V(D)J repertoire, mount robust immune responses to a wide array of antigens, exhibit diverse V gene usage and generate large panels of stable, high affinity, antigen-specific molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Biao Ma
- Teneobio, Inc., Menlo Park, CA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Laure-Hélène Ouisse
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, Inserm UMR 1064, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Duy T Pham
- Teneobio, Inc., Menlo Park, CA, United States
| | | | | | - Ignacio Anegon
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, Inserm UMR 1064, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
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10
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Jayanthi BE, Zhao W, Segatori L. Input-dependent post-translational control of the reporter output enhances dynamic resolution of mammalian signaling systems. Methods Enzymol 2019; 622:1-27. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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11
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Correction: Design and Selection of a Camelid Single-Chain Antibody Yeast Two-Hybrid Library Produced De Novo for the Cap Protein of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196619. [PMID: 29689104 PMCID: PMC5916494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056222.].
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12
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Zhao W, Pferdehirt L, Segatori L. Quantitatively Predictable Control of Cellular Protein Levels through Proteasomal Degradation. ACS Synth Biol 2018; 7:540-552. [PMID: 29061039 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.7b00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein function is typically studied and engineered by modulating protein levels within the complex cellular environment. To achieve fast, targeted, and predictable control of cellular protein levels without genetic manipulation of the target, we developed a technology for post-translational depletion based on a bifunctional molecule (NanoDeg) consisting of the antigen-binding fragment from the Camelidae species heavy-chain antibody (nanobody) fused to a degron signal that mediates degradation through the proteasome. We provide proof-of-principle demonstration of targeted degradation using a nanobody against the green fluorescent protein (GFP). Guided by predictive modeling, we show that customizing the NanoDeg rate of synthesis, rate of degradation, and mode of degradation enables quantitative and predictable control over the target's levels. Integrating the GFP-specific NanoDeg within a genetic circuit based on stimulus-dependent GFP output results in enhanced dynamic range and resolution of the output signal. By providing predictable control over cellular proteins' levels, the NanoDeg system could be readily used for a variety of systems-level analyses of cellular protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Lara Pferdehirt
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Laura Segatori
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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13
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Liu ZH, Huang D, Fu XJ, Cheng P, Du EQ. Comparison of three commonly used fusion tags for the expression of nanobodies in the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2017.1420426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ze-hui Liu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Di Huang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xiang-jing Fu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - En-qi Du
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, PR China
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Arezumand R, Mahdian R, Zeinali S, Hassanzadeh-Ghassabeh G, Mansouri K, Khanahmad H, Namvar-Asl N, Rahimi H, Behdani M, Cohan RA, Eavazalipour M, Ramazani A, Muyldermans S. Identification and characterization of a novel nanobody against human placental growth factor to modulate angiogenesis. Mol Immunol 2016; 78:183-192. [PMID: 27648860 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Placental growth factor (PlGF), a member of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) family, is considered as an important antigen associated with pathological conditions such as cancer cell growth, and metastasis. PlGF-targeting via nanobody (Nb) therefore could be beneficial to modulate these pathologies. In this work, phage-display and computational approach was employed to develop a high affinity PlGF-specific Nb. An Nb library was constructed against human recombinant PlGF (rPlGF). After panning on immobilized rPlGF the periplasmic-extract (PE) of individual colonies were screened by ELISA (PE-ELISA). The 3D structures of selected Nbs were then homology modeled and energy minimized using the AMBER force field. Binding score calculations were also assessed to reveal possible Nb-PlGF interactions. Via ELISA-based affinity/specificity determinations, the best-qualified Nb was further evaluated by proliferation, migration, 3D capillary formation, invasion assays and on Chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. An immune library of 1.5×107 individual Nb clones was constructed. By PE-ELISA 12 clones with strong signals were selected. Three out of 12 sequenced Nbs (Nb-C13, Nb-C18 and Nb-C62) showed high binding scores ranging between -378.7 and -461kcal/mol. Compared to a control Nb, Nb-C18 significantly inhibited proliferation, migration and the 3D-capillary formation of HUVEC cells (p<0.05) with an EC50 of 35nM, 42nM and 24nM and invasion of MDA-MB231was significantly suppressed (p<0.05) with an EC50 of57nM. The result of the CAM assay shows that Nb-C18 could inhibit the vascular formation in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane. This Nb can be used as anti-angiogenesis agent in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghaye Arezumand
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Molecular Science, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran; Department of Molecular Medicine, Pasture Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Mahdian
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Pasture Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sirous Zeinali
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Pasture Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Gholamreza Hassanzadeh-Ghassabeh
- Vrije University Brussel, Research group Cellular & Molecular Immunology, Brussels, Belgium; VIB, Nanobody Service Facility, Vrije University Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kamran Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hossein Khanahmad
- Department of Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nabiollah Namvar-Asl
- Laboratory of Animal Sciences, Production and Research Complex for Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamzeh Rahimi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Pasture Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Behdani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Pasture Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ahangari Cohan
- Department of Pilot Nanobiotechnology, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Eavazalipour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ali Ramazani
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Serge Muyldermans
- Vrije University Brussel, Research group Cellular & Molecular Immunology, Brussels, Belgium; VIB, Department of Structural Biology, Vrije University Brussel, Belgium
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Construction of a camelid VHH yeast two-hybrid library and the selection of VHH against haemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein of the Newcastle disease virus. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:39. [PMID: 26920806 PMCID: PMC4769559 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0664-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Newcastle disease (ND), which is caused by the Newcastle disease virus (NDV), is one of the most important avian diseases in poultry. Since its discovery in 1926, ND has caused great economic losses to the world poultry industry and remains a threat to chickens and wild birds. Although a stringent vaccination policy is widely adopted to control ND, ND outbreaks still occur, and virulent NDV is sporadically isolated from chickens and wild birds. To study the pathogenesis of ND and provide tools to prevent its prevalence, novel antibody fragments should be developed. The variable domains of the heavy chain of the heavy-chain antibodies (VHH) are the smallest naturally occurring antibodies derived from camelid heavy-chain antibodies. The comparatively small size, high affinity, high solubility, low immunogenicity and ability to bind epitopes inaccessible to conventional antibodies of VHH make them ideal candidates for a considerable number of therapeutic and biotechnological applications. However, an anti-NDV VHH has not been reported to date. RESULTS In this study, a VHH yeast two-hybrid library was constructed from NDV vaccine immunized C. bactrianus, and seven VHH fragments to the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein of NDV were successfully screened and characterized for the first time. These selected VHH clones were all expressed as soluble protein in E. coli. ELISA, dot blot, immunocytochemistry and pull down results showed that the screened VHHs could interact with NDV virion, among which five had neutralizing activity. In addition, the seven VHHs could inhibit the haemagglutination activity of different NDV strains. CONCLUSIONS We constructed an NDV-immunized VHH yeast two-hybrid library and screened and characterized seven VHHs targeting NDV HN protein for the first time. The seven VHHs may have great potential for NDV diagnosis, pathogenesis and therapeutics.
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Vivek PJ, Resmi MS, Sreekumar S, Sivakumar KC, Tuteja N, Soniya EV. Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase in Ginger Binds with Importin-α through Its Junction Domain for Nuclear Localization, and Further Interacts with NAC Transcription Factor. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1909. [PMID: 28133460 PMCID: PMC5233720 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are important sensors of Ca2+ elevations in plant cells regulating the gene expression linked with various cellular processes like stress response, growth and development, metabolism, and cytoskeleton dynamics. Ginger is an extensively used spice due to its unique flavor and immense medicinal value. The two major threats that interfere with the large scale production of ginger are the salinity and drought stress. ZoCDPK1 (Zingiber officinale Calcium-dependent protein kinase 1) is a salinity and drought-inducible CDPK gene isolated from ginger and undergoes dynamic subcellular localization during stress conditions. ZoCDPK1, with signature features of a typical Ca2+ regulated kinase, also possesses a bipartite nuclear localization sequence (NLS) in its junction domain (JD). A striking feature in ZoCDPK1 is the rare occurrence of a coupling between the NLS in JD and consensus sequences in regulatory domain. Here, we further identified its nature of nuclear localization and its interaction partners. In the homology model generated for ZoCDPK1, the regulatory domain mimics the crystal structure of the regulatory domain in Arabidopsis CDPK1. Molecular docking simulation of importin (ZoIMPα), an important protein involved in nuclear translocation, into the NLS of ZoCDPK1 was well-visualized. Furthermore, the direct interaction of ZoCDPK1 and ZoIMPα proteins was studied by the yeast 2-hybrid (Y2H) system, which confirmed that junction domain (JD) is an important interaction module required for ZoCDPK1 and ZoIMPα binding. The probable interacting partners of ZoCDPK1 were also identified using Y2H experiment. Of the 10 different stress-related interacting partners identified for ZoCDPK1, NAC transcription factor (TF) needs special mention, especially in the context of ZoCDPK1 function. The interaction between ZoCDPK1 and NAC TF, in fact, corroborate with the results of gene expression and over-expression studies of ZoCDPK1. Hence ZoCDPK1 is operating through NAC TF mediated ABA-independent, cold non-responsive stress signaling pathway in ginger.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sweda Sreekumar
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for BiotechnologyThiruvananthapuram, India
| | - K. C. Sivakumar
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for BiotechnologyThiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Narendra Tuteja
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity UniversityNoida, India
| | - Eppurathu Vasudevan Soniya
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for BiotechnologyThiruvananthapuram, India
- *Correspondence: Eppurathu Vasudevan Soniya
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de Marco A. Recombinant antibody production evolves into multiple options aimed at yielding reagents suitable for application-specific needs. Microb Cell Fact 2015; 14:125. [PMID: 26330219 PMCID: PMC4557595 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-015-0320-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibodies have been a pillar of basic research, while their relevance in clinical diagnostics and therapy is constantly growing. Consequently, the production of both conventional and fragment antibodies constantly faces more demanding challenges for the improvement of their quantity and quality. The answer to such an increasing need has been the development of a wide array of formats and alternative production platforms. This review offers a critical comparison and evaluation of the different options to help the researchers interested in expressing recombinant antibodies in their choice. RESULTS Rather than the compilation of an exhaustive list of the recent publications in the field, this review intendeds to analyze the development of the most innovative or fast-growing strategies. These have been illustrated with some significant examples and, when possible, compared with the existing alternatives. Space has also been given to those solutions that might represent interesting opportunities or that investigate critical aspects of the production optimization but for which the available data as yet do not allow for a definitive judgment. CONCLUSIONS The take-home message is that there is a clear process of progressive diversification concerning the antibody expression platforms and an effort to yield directly application-adapted immune-reagents rather than generic naked antibodies that need further in vitro modification steps before becoming usable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ario de Marco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Nova Gorica, Glavni Trg 9, 5261, Vipava, Slovenia.
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Matz J, Hérate C, Bouchet J, Dusetti N, Gayet O, Baty D, Benichou S, Chames P. Selection of intracellular single-domain antibodies targeting the HIV-1 Vpr protein by cytoplasmic yeast two-hybrid system. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113729. [PMID: 25436999 PMCID: PMC4249982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The targeting of HIV-1 using antibodies is of high interest as molecular tools to better understand the biology of the virus or as a first step toward the design of new inhibitors targeting critical viral intracellular proteins. Small and highly stable llama-derived single-domain antibodies can often be functionally expressed as intracellular antibodies in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. Using a selection method based on the Sos Recruitment System, a cytoplasmic yeast two-hybrid approach, we have isolated single-domain antibodies able to bind HIV-1 Vpr and Capside proteins in the yeast cytoplasm. One anti-Vpr single domain antibody was able to bind the HIV-1 regulatory Vpr protein in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, leading to its delocalization from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a functional single-domain intrabody targeting HIV-1 Vpr, isolated using an in vivo cytoplasmic selection method that alleviates some limitations of the conventional yeast two-hybrid system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Matz
- Inserm U1068, CRCM, Marseille, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université UM105, Marseille, France
- CNRS, UMR7258, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Cécile Hérate
- Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Inserm U1016, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Bouchet
- Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Inserm U1016, Paris, France
| | - Nelson Dusetti
- Inserm U1068, CRCM, Marseille, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université UM105, Marseille, France
- CNRS, UMR7258, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Odile Gayet
- Inserm U1068, CRCM, Marseille, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université UM105, Marseille, France
- CNRS, UMR7258, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Baty
- Inserm U1068, CRCM, Marseille, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université UM105, Marseille, France
- CNRS, UMR7258, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Serge Benichou
- Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Inserm U1016, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Chames
- Inserm U1068, CRCM, Marseille, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université UM105, Marseille, France
- CNRS, UMR7258, CRCM, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
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