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Cornille M, Moriceau S, Khonsari RH, Heuzé Y, Loisay L, Boitez V, Morice A, Arnaud E, Collet C, Bensidhoum M, Kaci N, Boddaert N, Paternoster G, Rauschendorfer T, Werner S, Mansour SL, Di Rocco F, Oury F, Legeai-Mallet L. FGFR3 overactivation in the brain is responsible for memory impairments in Crouzon syndrome mouse model. J Exp Med 2022; 219:213050. [PMID: 35254402 PMCID: PMC8906494 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Crouzon syndrome with acanthosis nigricans (CAN, a rare type of craniosynostosis characterized by premature suture fusion and neurological impairments) has been linked to a gain-of-function mutation (p.Ala391Glu) in fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3). To characterize the CAN mutation's impact on the skull and on brain functions, we developed the first mouse model (Fgfr3A385E/+) of this syndrome. Surprisingly, Fgfr3A385E/+ mice did not exhibit craniosynostosis but did show severe memory impairments, a structurally abnormal hippocampus, low activity-dependent synaptic plasticity, and overactivation of MAPK/ERK and Akt signaling pathways in the hippocampus. Systemic or brain-specific pharmacological inhibition of FGFR3 overactivation by BGJ398 injections rescued the memory impairments observed in Fgfr3A385E/+ mice. The present study is the first to have demonstrated cognitive impairments associated with brain FGFR3 overactivation, independently of skull abnormalities. Our results provide a better understanding of FGFR3's functional role and the impact of its gain-of-function mutation on brain functions. The modulation of FGFR3 signaling might be of value for treating the neurological disorders associated with craniosynostosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxence Cornille
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1163, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Moriceau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151, Institut Necker Enfants–Malades, Depart: Cell growth and Signaling, Université Paris-Sorbonne–Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Roman H. Khonsari
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1163, Paris, France,Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale et Chirurgie Plastique, Hôpital Necker–Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Fentes et Malformations Faciales MAFACE, Filière Maladies Rares TeteCou, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Yann Heuzé
- UMR5199 PACEA, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Ministère de la Culture, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Léa Loisay
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1163, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Boitez
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151, Institut Necker Enfants–Malades, Depart: Cell growth and Signaling, Université Paris-Sorbonne–Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Anne Morice
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1163, Paris, France,Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale et Chirurgie Plastique, Hôpital Necker–Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Fentes et Malformations Faciales MAFACE, Filière Maladies Rares TeteCou, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Eric Arnaud
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital Necker–Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Craniosténoses et Malformations Craniofaciales CRANIOST, Filière Maladies Rares TeteCou, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Collet
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire–PôleB2P, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Paris-GH St-Louis Lariboisière F.Widal–Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Morad Bensidhoum
- LaboratoireB2OA, Unité Mixte de Recherche CNRS7052, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nabil Kaci
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1163, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Boddaert
- UMR-1163 Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker–Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France,Département de Radiologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Necker–Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Giovanna Paternoster
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital Necker–Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Craniosténoses et Malformations Craniofaciales CRANIOST, Filière Maladies Rares TeteCou, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Theresa Rauschendorfer
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Werner
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Federico Di Rocco
- Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Franck Oury
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151, Institut Necker Enfants–Malades, Depart: Cell growth and Signaling, Université Paris-Sorbonne–Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Legeai-Mallet
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1163, Paris, France,Correspondence to Laurence Legeai-Mallet:
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Abstract
The identification of mutations in FGFR3 in bladder tumors in 1999 led to major interest in this receptor and during the subsequent 20 years much has been learnt about the mutational profiles found in bladder cancer, the phenotypes associated with these and the potential of this mutated protein as a target for therapy. Based on mutational and expression data, it is estimated that >80% of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancers (NMIBC) and ∼40% of muscle-invasive bladder cancers (MIBC) have upregulated FGFR3 signalling, and these frequencies are likely to be even higher if alternative splicing of the receptor, expression of ligands and changes in regulatory mechanisms are taken into account. Major efforts by the pharmaceutical industry have led to development of a range of agents targeting FGFR3 and other FGF receptors. Several of these have entered clinical trials, and some have presented very encouraging early results in advanced bladder cancer. Recent reviews have summarised the drugs and related clinical trials in this area. This review will summarise what is known about the effects of FGFR3 and its mutant forms in normal urothelium and bladder tumors, will suggest when and how this protein contributes to urothelial cancer pathogenesis and will highlight areas that may benefit from further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A. Knowles
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
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Del Piccolo N, Sarabipour S, Hristova K. A New Method to Study Heterodimerization of Membrane Proteins and Its Application to Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:1288-1301. [PMID: 27927983 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.755777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) is controlled through their lateral association in the plasma membrane. RTKs are believed to form both homodimers and heterodimers, and the different dimers are believed to play unique roles in cell signaling. However, RTK heterodimers remain poorly characterized, as compared with homodimers, because of limitations in current experimental methods. Here, we develop a FRET-based methodology to assess the thermodynamics of hetero-interactions in the plasma membrane. To demonstrate the utility of the methodology, we use it to study the hetero-interactions between three fibroblast growth factor receptors-FGFR1, FGFR2, and FGFR3-in the absence of ligand. Our results show that all possible FGFR heterodimers form, suggesting that the biological roles of FGFR heterodimers may be as significant as the homodimer roles. We further investigate the effect of two pathogenic point mutations in FGFR3 (A391E and G380R) on heterodimerization. We show that each of these mutations stabilize most of the heterodimers, with the largest effects observed for FGFR3 wild-type/mutant heterodimers. We thus demonstrate that the methodology presented here can yield new knowledge about RTK interactions and can further our understanding of signal transduction across the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuala Del Piccolo
- From the Department of Materials Science & Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
| | - Sarvenaz Sarabipour
- From the Department of Materials Science & Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
| | - Kalina Hristova
- From the Department of Materials Science & Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
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Sarabipour S, Hristova K. Pathogenic Cysteine Removal Mutations in FGFR Extracellular Domains Stabilize Receptor Dimers and Perturb the TM Dimer Structure. J Mol Biol 2016; 428:3903-3910. [PMID: 27596331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Missense mutations that introduce or remove cysteine residues in receptor tyrosine kinases are believed to cause pathologies by stabilizing the active receptor tyrosine kinase dimers. However, the magnitude of this stabilizing effect has not been measured for full-length receptors. Here, we characterize the dimer stabilities of three full-length fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) mutants harboring pathogenic cysteine substitutions: the C178S FGFR1 mutant, the C342R FGFR2 mutant, and the C228R FGFR3 mutant. We find that the three mutations stabilize the FGFR dimers. We further see that the mutations alter the configuration of the FGFR transmembrane dimers. Thus, both aberrant dimerization and perturbed dimer structure likely contribute to the pathological phenotypes arising due to these mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvenaz Sarabipour
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21212, USA
| | - Kalina Hristova
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21212, USA.
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Sarabipour S, Hristova K. Mechanism of FGF receptor dimerization and activation. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10262. [PMID: 26725515 PMCID: PMC4725768 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (fgfs) are widely believed to activate their receptors by mediating receptor dimerization. Here we show, however, that the FGF receptors form dimers in the absence of ligand, and that these unliganded dimers are phosphorylated. We further show that ligand binding triggers structural changes in the FGFR dimers, which increase FGFR phosphorylation. The observed effects due to the ligands fgf1 and fgf2 are very different. The fgf2-bound dimer structure ensures the smallest separation between the transmembrane (TM) domains and the highest possible phosphorylation, a conclusion that is supported by a strong correlation between TM helix separation in the dimer and kinase phosphorylation. The pathogenic A391E mutation in FGFR3 TM domain emulates the action of fgf2, trapping the FGFR3 dimer in its most active state. This study establishes the existence of multiple active ligand-bound states, and uncovers a novel molecular mechanism through which FGFR-linked pathologies can arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvenaz Sarabipour
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Kalina Hristova
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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Sarabipour S, Del Piccolo N, Hristova K. Characterization of membrane protein interactions in plasma membrane derived vesicles with quantitative imaging Förster resonance energy transfer. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:2262-9. [PMID: 26244699 PMCID: PMC4841635 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe an experimental tool, termed quantitative imaging Förster resonance energy transfer (QI-FRET), that enables the quantitative characterization of membrane protein interactions. The QI-FRET methodology allows us to acquire binding curves and calculate association constants for complex membrane proteins in the native plasma membrane environment. The method utilizes FRET detection, and thus requires that the proteins of interest are labeled with florescent proteins, either FRET donors or FRET acceptors. Since plasma membranes of cells have complex topologies precluding the acquisition of two-dimensional binding curves, the FRET measurements are performed in plasma membrane derived vesicles that bud off cells as a result of chemical or osmotic stress. The results overviewed here are acquired in vesicles produced with an osmotic vesiculation buffer developed in our laboratory, which does not utilize harsh chemicals. The concentrations of the donor-labeled and the acceptor-labeled proteins are determined, along with the FRET efficiencies, in each vesicle. The experiments utilize transient transfection, such that a wide variety of concentrations is sampled. Then, data from hundreds of vesicles are combined to yield dimerization curves. Here we discuss recent findings about the dimerization of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), membrane proteins that control cell growth and differentiation via lateral dimerization in the plasma membrane. We focus on the dimerization of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3), a RTK that plays a critically important role in skeletal development. We study the role of different FGFR3 domains in FGFR3 dimerization in the absence of ligand, and we show that FGFR3 extracellular domains inhibit unliganded dimerization, while contacts between the juxtamembrane domains, which connect the transmembrane domains to the kinase domains, stabilize the unliganded FGFR3 dimers. Since FGFR3 has been documented to harbor many pathogenic single amino acid mutations that cause skeletal and cranial dysplasias, as well as cancer, we also study the effects of these mutations on dimerization. First, we show that the A391E mutation, linked to Crouzon syndrome with acanthosis nigricans and to bladder cancer, significantly enhances FGFR3 dimerization in the absence of ligand and thus induces aberrant receptor interactions. Second, we present results about the effect of three cysteine mutations that cause thanatophoric dysplasia, a lethal phenotype. Such cysteine mutations have been hypothesized previously to cause constitutive dimerization, but we find instead that they have a surprisingly modest effect on dimerization. Most of the studied pathogenic mutations also altered FGFR3 dimer structure, suggesting that both increases in dimerization propensities and changes in dimer structure contribute to the pathological phenotypes. The results acquired with the QI-FRET method further our understanding of the interactions between FGFR3 molecules and RTK molecules in general. Since RTK dimerization regulates RTK signaling, our findings advance our knowledge of RTK activity in health and disease. The utility of the QI-FRET method is not restricted to RTKs, and we thus hope that in the future the QI-FRET method will be applied to other classes of membrane proteins, such as channels and G protein-coupled receptors.
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MESH Headings
- Acanthosis Nigricans/etiology
- Acanthosis Nigricans/genetics
- Cell Membrane/chemistry
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Craniofacial Dysostosis/etiology
- Craniofacial Dysostosis/genetics
- Dimerization
- Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
- Humans
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/chemistry
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/deficiency
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/metabolism
- Thanatophoric Dysplasia/etiology
- Thanatophoric Dysplasia/genetics
- Transport Vesicles/chemistry
- Transport Vesicles/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvenaz Sarabipour
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Nuala Del Piccolo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Kalina Hristova
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
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Sarabipour S, Hristova K. FGFR3 unliganded dimer stabilization by the juxtamembrane domain. J Mol Biol 2015; 427:1705-14. [PMID: 25688803 PMCID: PMC4380549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) conduct biochemical signals upon dimerization in the membrane plane. While RTKs are generally known to be activated in response to ligand binding, many of these receptors are capable of forming unliganded dimers that are likely important intermediates in the signaling process. All 58 RTKs consist of an extracellular (EC) domain, a transmembrane (TM) domain, and an intracellular domain that includes a juxtamembrane (JM) sequence and a kinase domain. Here we investigate directly the effect of the JM domain on unliganded dimer stability of FGFR3, a receptor that is critically important for skeletal development. The data suggest that FGFR3 unliganded dimers are stabilized by receptor-receptor contacts that involve the JM domains. The contribution is significant, as it is similar in magnitude to the stabilizing contribution of a pathogenic mutation and the repulsive contribution of the EC domain. Furthermore, we show that the effects of the JM domain and a TM pathogenic mutation on unliganded FGFR3 dimer stability are additive. We observe that the JM-mediated dimer stabilization occurs when the JM domain is linked to FGFR3 TM domain and not simply anchored to the plasma membrane. These results point to a coordinated stabilization of the unliganded dimeric state of FGFR3 by its JM and TM domains via a mechanism that is distinctly different from the case of another well studied receptor, EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvenaz Sarabipour
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21212, USA
| | - Kalina Hristova
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21212, USA.
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Sarabipour S, Hristova K. FGFR3 transmembrane domain interactions persist in the presence of its extracellular domain. Biophys J 2014; 105:165-71. [PMID: 23823235 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Isolated receptor tyrosine kinase transmembrane (TM) domains have been shown to form sequence-specific dimers in membranes. Yet, it is not clear whether studies of isolated TM domains yield knowledge that is relevant to full-length receptors or whether the large glycosylated extracellular domains alter the interactions between the TM helices. Here, we address this question by quantifying the effect of the pathogenic A391E TM domain mutation on the stability of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 dimer in the presence of the extracellular domain and comparing these results to the case of the isolated TM fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 domains. We perform the measurements in plasma membrane-derived vesicles using a Förster-resonance-energy-transfer-based method. The effect of the mutation on dimer stability in both cases is the same (∼-1.5 kcal/mol), suggesting that the interactions observed in simple TM-peptide model systems are relevant in a biological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvenaz Sarabipour
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Di Rocco F, Biosse Duplan M, Heuzé Y, Kaci N, Komla-Ebri D, Munnich A, Mugniery E, Benoist-Lasselin C, Legeai-Mallet L. FGFR3 mutation causes abnormal membranous ossification in achondroplasia. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:2914-25. [PMID: 24419316 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
FGFR3 gain-of-function mutations lead to both chondrodysplasias and craniosynostoses. Achondroplasia (ACH), the most frequent dwarfism, is due to an FGFR3-activating mutation which results in impaired endochondral ossification. The effects of the mutation on membranous ossification are unknown. Fgfr3(Y367C/+) mice mimicking ACH and craniofacial analysis of patients with ACH and FGFR3-related craniosynostoses provide an opportunity to address this issue. Studying the calvaria and skull base, we observed abnormal cartilage and premature fusion of the synchondroses leading to modifications of foramen magnum shape and size in Fgfr3(Y367C/+) mice, ACH and FGFR3-related craniosynostoses patients. Partial premature fusion of the coronal sutures and non-ossified gaps in frontal bones were also present in Fgfr3(Y367C/+) mice and ACH patients. Our data provide strong support that not only endochondral ossification but also membranous ossification is severely affected in ACH. Demonstration of the impact of FGFR3 mutations on craniofacial development should initiate novel pharmacological and surgical therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Di Rocco
- INSERM U781, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Hopital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France
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