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Speeckaert R, Hoorens I, Lambert J, Speeckaert M, van Geel N. Beyond visual inspection: The value of infrared thermography in skin diseases, a scoping review. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024; 38:1723-1737. [PMID: 38251780 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Although warmth is a key sign of inflammatory skin lesions, an objective assessment and follow-up of the temperature changes are rarely done in dermatology. The recent availability of accurate, sensitive and cost-effective thermography devices has made the implementation of thermography in clinical settings feasible. The aim of this scoping review is to summarize the evidence around the value and pitfalls of infrared thermography (IRT) when used in the dermatology clinic. A systematic literature search was done for original articles using IRT in skin disorders. The results concerning the potential of IRT for diagnosis, severity staging and monitoring of skin diseases were collected. The data on the sensitivity and specificity of IRT were extracted. Numerous studies have investigated IRT in various skin diseases, revealing its significant value in wound management, skin infections (e.g. cellulitis), vascular abnormalities and deep skin inflammation (e.g. hidradenitis suppurativa). For other dermatological applications such as the interpretation of intradermal and patch allergy testing, hyper-/anhidrosis, erythromelalgia, cold urticaria and lymph node metastases more complex calculations, provocation tests or active cooling procedures are required. Dermatologists should be aware of a learning curve of IRT and recognize factors contributing to false positive and false negative results. Nonetheless, enough evidence is available to recommend IRT as a supplement to the clinical evaluation for the diagnosis, severity and follow-up of several skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabelle Hoorens
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jo Lambert
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Nanja van Geel
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Tomei L, Saretta F, Arasi S, Sarti L, Licari A, Giovannini M, Barni S, Liccioli G, Tallarico V, Piccorossi A, Caffarelli C, Novembre E, Mori F. Cold Anaphylaxis in Children: Italian Case Series and Review of the Literature. Diseases 2023; 11:143. [PMID: 37873787 PMCID: PMC10594430 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11040143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic urticaria (CU) is one of the most common skin disorders worldwide. Among the inducible subgroup of CU, cold urticaria (ColdU) can affect both children and adults and is the only type associated with the risk of anaphylaxis without cofactors. In the scientific literature, data about cold anaphylaxis (ColdA) are poor, especially at pediatric age, and little is known about risk factors associated with the onset of systemic reactions and about the criteria for prescribing adrenaline auto-injectors (AAIs) in these patients. We describe the clinical characteristics and management of a case series of 21 patients with a history of ColdA, and we compare them with the pediatric case reports and case series published so far. On the basis of the scientific literature and of our case series of patients, we suggest that AAI should be prescribed to all high-risk patients: those with urticaria caused by cold-water immersion, oropharyngeal reactions, and with a previous history of systemic symptoms or anaphylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Tomei
- Allergy Unit, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Saretta
- Pediatric Department, Latisana-Palmanova Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Stefania Arasi
- Translational Research in Pediatric Specialties Area, Division of Allergy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Sarti
- Allergy Unit, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Amelia Licari
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Mattia Giovannini
- Allergy Unit, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Simona Barni
- Allergy Unit, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Liccioli
- Allergy Unit, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Valeria Tallarico
- Pediatric Unit, University Hospital Renato Dulbecco, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Caffarelli
- Pediatric Clinic, Medicine and Surgery Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Elio Novembre
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Mori
- Allergy Unit, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy
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Linkous C, Pagan AD, Shope C, Andrews L, Snyder A, Ye T, Valdebran M. Applications of Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging Technology in Dermatology. JID INNOVATIONS 2023; 3:100187. [PMID: 37564105 PMCID: PMC10410171 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2023.100187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Laser speckle contrast imaging or laser speckle imaging (LSI) is a noninvasive imaging technology that can detect areas of dynamic perfusion or vascular flow. Thus, LSI has shown increasing diagnostic utility in various pathologies and has been employed for intraoperative, postoperative, and long-term monitoring in many medical specialties. Recently, LSI has gained traction in clinical dermatology because it can be effective in the assessment of pathologies that are associated with increased perfusion and hypervascularity compared with that of normal tissue. To date, LSI has been found to be highly accurate in monitoring skin graft reperfusion, determining the severity of burns, evaluating neurosurgical revascularization, assessing persistent perfusion in capillary malformations after laser therapy, and differentiating malignant and benign skin lesions. LSI affords the advantage of noninvasively assessing lesions before more invasive methods of diagnosis, such as tissue biopsy, while remaining inexpensive and exhibiting no adverse events to date. However, potential obstacles to its clinical use include tissue movement artifact, primarily qualitative data, and unclear impact on clinical practice given the lack of superiority data compared with the current standard-of-care diagnostic methods. In this review, we discuss the clinical applications of LSI in dermatology for use in the diagnosis and monitoring of vascular, neoplastic, and inflammatory skin conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Linkous
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Angel D. Pagan
- School of Medicine, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Chelsea Shope
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Laura Andrews
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Alan Snyder
- Department of Dermatology & Dermatologic Surgery, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Tong Ye
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Regenerative Medicine & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Manuel Valdebran
- Department of Dermatology & Dermatologic Surgery, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Kulthanan K, Church MK, Grekowitz EM, Hawro T, Kiefer LA, Munprom K, Nanchaipruek Y, Rujitharanawong C, Terhorst-Molawi D, Maurer M. Evidence for histamine release in chronic inducible urticaria – A systematic review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:901851. [PMID: 35967442 PMCID: PMC9365951 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.901851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundChronic inducible urticaria (CIndU) constitutes a group of nine different CIndUs in which pruritic wheals and/or angioedema occur after exposure to specific and definite triggers. Histamine released from activated and degranulating skin mast cells is held to play a key role in the pathogenesis of CIndU, but evidence to support this has, as of yet, not been reviewed systematically or in detail. We aim to characterize the role and relevance of histamine in CIndU.MethodsWe systematically searched 3 electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Embase) for studies that reported increased serum or skin histamine concentration (direct evidence) or in vitro or ex vivo histamine release (indirect evidence) following trigger exposure.ResultsAn initial total of 3,882 articles was narrowed down to 107 relevant studies of which 52 were in cold urticaria, 19 in cholinergic urticaria, 14 in heat urticaria, 10 in contact urticaria, 7 each in solar urticaria and vibratory angioedema, 4 each in symptomatic dermographism and aquagenic urticaria, and 3 in delayed pressure urticaria. The results of our review support that histamine has a key pathogenic role in the pathogenesis of all CIndUs, but it is not the sole mediator as evidenced by the often poor relationship between the level of histamine and severity of symptoms and the variable clinical efficacy of H1-antihistamines.ConclusionsHistamine released from skin mast cells is a key driver of the development of signs and symptoms and a promising therapeutic target in CIndU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokvalai Kulthanan
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Martin K. Church
- Institute of Allergology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Maria Grekowitz
- Institute of Allergology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tomasz Hawro
- Institute of Allergology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venereology, Institute and Comprehensive Center for Inflammation Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Lea Alice Kiefer
- Institute of Allergology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kanyalak Munprom
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yanisorn Nanchaipruek
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chuda Rujitharanawong
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Dorothea Terhorst-Molawi
- Institute of Allergology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Institute of Allergology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Marcus Maurer,
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Wang RR, Yuan TY, Wang JM, Chen YC, Zhao JL, Li MT, Fang LH, Du GH. Immunity and inflammation in pulmonary arterial hypertension: From pathophysiology mechanisms to treatment perspective. Pharmacol Res 2022; 180:106238. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Pauk J, Wasilewska A, Ihnatouski M. Infrared Thermography Sensor for Disease Activity Detection in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E3444. [PMID: 31394720 PMCID: PMC6720753 DOI: 10.3390/s19163444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A recent review of thermography studies in rheumatoid arthritis shows limited data about disease activity and mostly focuses on differences between the thermography of rheumatoid arthritis patients and typical subjects. A retrospective study compared patients with high disease activity (n = 50), moderate disease activity (n = 16), and healthy participants (n = 42), taking into account demographic, clinical, laboratory, and thermography parameters. We applied an infrared thermography sensor and a fingers examination protocol. Outcomes included the mean temperature of five fingers of a hand: In static, post-cooling, post-rewarming, the total change in mean temperature of fingers due to cold provocation, the total change in mean temperature of fingers due to rewarming, the area under the cooling curve, the area under the heating curve, the difference between the area under the rewarming and the cooling curve, and temperature intensity distribution maps. For patients with high disease activity, a lower area under the heating curve and a lower difference between the area under the rewarming curve and the cooling curve were observed, as well as a smaller total change in mean temperature due to rewarming, compared to patients with moderate disease activity (p < 0.05). Our study findings could be helpful in patients with an equivocal clinical examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Pauk
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Automatics and Robotics Faculty, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45C, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Wasilewska
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Automatics and Robotics Faculty, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45C, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Mikhail Ihnatouski
- Scientific and Research Department, Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno, Elizy Azeska 22, 230023 Grodno, Belarus
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Burkes SA, Patel M, Adams DM, Hammill AM, Eaton KP, Randall Wickett R, Visscher MO. Infantile hemangioma status by dynamic infrared thermography: A preliminary study. Int J Dermatol 2016; 55:e522-32. [PMID: 27062495 PMCID: PMC5026852 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infantile hemangiomas (IH) are initially warm due to increased proliferation and perfusion then involute with apoptosis and reduced perfusion. Objective quantitative evaluation of IH treatment response is essential for improving outcomes. We applied a functional imaging method, dynamic infrared (IR) thermography, to investigate IH status versus control skin and over time. MATERIALS AND METHODS A preliminary prospective observational study was conducted among 25 subjects with superficial or mixed IHs (< 19 months) over 59 clinic visits. Infrared images of IHs and control sites, standardized color images, and three-dimensional images were obtained. Tissue responses following application and removal of a cold stress were recorded with video IR thermography. Outcomes included areas under the curve during cooling (AUCcool ) and rewarming (AUCrw ) and thermal intensity distribution maps. RESULTS AUCcool and AUCrw were significantly higher and cooling rate slower for IHs versus uninvolved tissue indicating greater heat, presumably due to greater perfusion and metabolism for the IH. IR distribution maps showed specific areas of high and low temperature. Significant changes in IH thermal activity were reflected in the difference (AUCcool - AUCrw ), with 6.2 at 2.2 months increasing to 37.6 at 12.8 months. IH cooling rate increased with age, indicating slower recovery, and interpreted as reduced proliferation and/or involution. CONCLUSIONS Dynamic IR thermography was a well-tolerated, quantitative functional imaging modality appropriate for the clinic, particularly when structural changes, i.e., height, volume, color, were not readily observed. It may assist in monitoring progress, individualizing treatment, and evaluating therapies. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION www.clinicaltrials.gov (Identifier NCT02061735).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoná A Burkes
- Skin Sciences Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Manish Patel
- Hemangioma and Vascular Malformation Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Denise M Adams
- Hemangioma and Vascular Malformation Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Adrienne M Hammill
- Hemangioma and Vascular Malformation Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kenneth P Eaton
- Imaging Research Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - R Randall Wickett
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Marty O Visscher
- Skin Sciences Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Boyden SE, Desai A, Cruse G, Young ML, Bolan HC, Scott LM, Eisch AR, Long RD, Lee CCR, Satorius CL, Pakstis AJ, Olivera A, Mullikin JC, Chouery E, Mégarbané A, Medlej-Hashim M, Kidd KK, Kastner DL, Metcalfe DD, Komarow HD. Vibratory Urticaria Associated with a Missense Variant in ADGRE2. N Engl J Med 2016; 374:656-63. [PMID: 26841242 PMCID: PMC4782791 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1500611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Patients with autosomal dominant vibratory urticaria have localized hives and systemic manifestations in response to dermal vibration, with coincident degranulation of mast cells and increased histamine levels in serum. We identified a previously unknown missense substitution in ADGRE2 (also known as EMR2), which was predicted to result in the replacement of cysteine with tyrosine at amino acid position 492 (p.C492Y), as the only nonsynonymous variant cosegregating with vibratory urticaria in two large kindreds. The ADGRE2 receptor undergoes autocatalytic cleavage, producing an extracellular subunit that noncovalently binds a transmembrane subunit. We showed that the variant probably destabilizes an autoinhibitory subunit interaction, sensitizing mast cells to IgE-independent vibration-induced degranulation. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E Boyden
- From the Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute (S.E.B., C.L.S., D.L.K.), Mast Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, (A.D., G.C., H.C.B., L.M.S., A.R.E., A.O., D.D.M., H.D.K.), Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute (C.-C.R.L.), and National Institutes of Health (NIH) Intramural Sequencing Center, National Human Genome Research Institute (J.C.M.), NIH, Bethesda, and Clinical Research Directorate-Clinical Monitoring Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick (M.L.Y.) - both in Maryland; Veterinary Pathology Section, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, MT (R.D.L.); the Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.J.P., K.K.K.); Medical Genetics Unit, Saint Joseph University, Beirut (E.C.) and Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University, Fanar (M.M.-H.) - both in Lebanon; and Institut Jérôme Lejeune, Paris (A.M.)
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Komarow HD, Arceo S, Young M, Nelson C, Metcalfe DD. Dissociation between history and challenge in patients with physical urticaria. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2014; 2:786-90. [PMID: 25439372 PMCID: PMC4254441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical urticaria is a subtype of chronic urticaria induced by a physical stimulus. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the consistency between a history of physical urticaria and results of challenge testing. METHODS Seventy-six subjects, ages 3 to 77 years old, were referred with the diagnosis of a physical urticaria and were evaluated by using challenge testing directed toward the presenting diagnosis, yet included other stimuli based on history. The majority of subjects were tested to 3 or more stimuli, thus 294 provocation tests were performed. Fifty-seven subjects were surveyed for the status of their physical urticaria at least 1 year after initial evaluation. RESULTS Of the 76 subjects with a positive history of a physical urticaria, 38% (n = 29) were challenge negative to the presenting diagnosis. Eight subjects within the challenge negative group reacted positively to additional testing, thus 28% (n = 21) remained negative to all challenge testing, which allowed discontinuation of medications and avoidance behavior. A negative challenge result was less likely with subjects who presented with cold-induced urticaria (25%), delayed pressure urticaria (25%), and dermatographism (29%), yet more common with cholinergic (65%) and solar urticaria (67%). A 1-year follow-up survey of 57 subjects was consistent with initial results. Nineteen of this subgroup were rechallenged for the presenting diagnosis, and the outcome was unchanged in 17 subjects and, in 2 subjects the urticaria had resolved. CONCLUSIONS The diagnosis by history of a physical urticaria should be verified by testing whenever possible and particularly if the condition is judged as severe and thus requires both significant life-style changes and pharmacologic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirsh D Komarow
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.
| | - Sarah Arceo
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Michael Young
- Clinical Research Directorate/Clinical Monitoring Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc, formerly SAIC-Frederick Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Md
| | - Celeste Nelson
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Dean D Metcalfe
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
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Li Q, Jie Y, Wang C, Zhang Y, Guo H, Pan Z. Tryptase compromises corneal epithelial barrier function. Cell Biochem Funct 2013; 32:183-7. [PMID: 23996353 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.2991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiyan Li
- Beijing Ophthalmol and Vis Sci Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing 100730 China
| | - Ying Jie
- Beijing Ophthalmol and Vis Sci Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing 100730 China
| | - Cong Wang
- Beijing Ophthalmol and Vis Sci Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing 100730 China
| | - Yingnan Zhang
- Beijing Ophthalmol and Vis Sci Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing 100730 China
| | - Huiling Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology; Chinese PLA 306 Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Zhiqiang Pan
- Beijing Ophthalmol and Vis Sci Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing 100730 China
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