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Kolhatkar AG, Dannongoda C, Kourentzi K, Jamison AC, Nekrashevich I, Kar A, Cacao E, Strych U, Rusakova I, Martirosyan KS, Litvinov D, Lee TR, Willson RC. Enzymatic synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:7535-50. [PMID: 25854425 PMCID: PMC4425032 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16047535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the first in vitro enzymatic synthesis of paramagnetic and antiferromagnetic nanoparticles toward magnetic ELISA reporting. With our procedure, alkaline phosphatase catalyzes the dephosphorylation of l-ascorbic-2-phosphate, which then serves as a reducing agent for salts of iron, gadolinium, and holmium, forming magnetic precipitates of Fe45±14Gd5±2O50±15 and Fe42±4Ho6±4O52±5. The nanoparticles were found to be paramagnetic at 300 K and antiferromagnetic under 25 K. Although weakly magnetic at 300 K, the room-temperature magnetization of the nanoparticles found here is considerably greater than that of analogous chemically-synthesized LnxFeyOz (Ln = Gd, Ho) samples reported previously. At 5 K, the nanoparticles showed a significantly higher saturation magnetization of 45 and 30 emu/g for Fe45±14Gd5±2O50±15 and Fe42±4Ho6±4O52±5, respectively. Our approach of enzymatically synthesizing magnetic labels reduces the cost and avoids diffusional mass-transfer limitations associated with pre-synthesized magnetic reporter particles, while retaining the advantages of magnetic sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arati G Kolhatkar
- Department of Chemistry and Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
| | - Chamath Dannongoda
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA.
| | - Katerina Kourentzi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
| | - Andrew C Jamison
- Department of Chemistry and Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
| | - Ivan Nekrashevich
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
| | - Archana Kar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
| | - Eliedonna Cacao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
| | - Ulrich Strych
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
| | - Irene Rusakova
- Department of Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
| | - Karen S Martirosyan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA.
| | - Dmitri Litvinov
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
| | - T Randall Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
| | - Richard C Willson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
- Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Departamento de Biotecnología e Ingeniería de Alimentos, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Monterrey, NL 64849, Mexico.
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