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Lin L, Liao ZH, Li CQ. Insight into the role of mitochondrion-related gene anchor signature in mitochondrial dysfunction of neutrophilic asthma. J Asthma 2024; 61:912-929. [PMID: 38294718 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2024.2311241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE At present, targeting molecular-pharmacological therapy is still difficult in neutrophilic asthma. The investigation aims to identify and validate mitochondrion-related gene signatures for diagnosis and specific targeting therapeutics in neutrophilic asthma. METHODS Bronchial biopsy samples of neutrophilic asthma and healthy people were identified from the GSE143303 dataset and then matched with human mitochondrial gene data to obtain mitochondria-related differential genes (MitoDEGs). Signature mitochondria-related diagnostic markers were jointly screened by support vector machine (SVM) analysis, least absolute shrinkage, and selection operator (LASSO) regression. The expression of marker MitoDEGs was evaluated by validation datasets GSE147878 and GSE43696. The diagnostic value was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Meanwhile, the infiltrating immune cells were analyzed by the CIBERSORT. Finally, oxidative stress level and mitochondrial functional morphology for asthmatic mice and BEAS-2B cells were evaluated. The expression of signature MitoDEGs was verified by qPCR. RESULTS 67 MitoDEGs were identified. Five signature MitoDEGs (SOD2, MTHFD2, PPTC7, NME6, and SLC25A18) were further screened out. The area under the curve (AUC) of signature MitoDEGs presented a good diagnostic performance (more than 0.9). There were significant differences in the expression of signature MitoDEGs between neutrophilic asthma and non-neutrophilic asthma. In addition, the basic features of mitochondrial dysfunction were demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo experiments. The expression of signature MitoDEGs in the neutrophilic asthma mice presented a significant difference from the control group. CONCLUSIONS These MitoDEGs signatures in neutrophilic asthma may hold potential as anchor diagnostic and therapeutic targets in neutrophilic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeng-Hua Liao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao-Qian Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, People's Republic of China
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2
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Tavares de Sousa H, Ferreira M, Gullo I, Rocha AM, Pedro A, Leitão D, Oliveira C, Carneiro F, Magro F. Fibrosis-related transcriptome unveils a distinctive remodeling matrix pattern in penetrating ileal Crohn's disease. J Crohns Colitis 2024:jjae064. [PMID: 38700484 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjae064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Stricturing (B2) and penetrating (B3) ileal Crohn's disease have been reported to present similar levels of histopathological transmural fibrosis. This study aimed to compare the fibrosis-related transcriptomic profiles of penetrating and stricturing ileal Crohn's disease. METHODS Using Nanostring technology and comparative bioinformatics, we analyzed the expression of 787 fibrosis-related genes in 36 ileal surgical specimens, 12 B2 and 24 B3, the latter including 12 cases with associated stricture(s) (B3s) and 12 without (B3o). Quality control of extracted RNA was performed according to Nanostring parameters and principal component analysis for the distribution analysis. For the selection of the differentially expressed genes a p-adjusted <0.05 and Fold Change ≤-1.5 or ≥ 1.5 was adopted. qPCR and immunohistochemistry analyses were used to validate selected differentially expressed genes. RESULTS We included 34 patients with B2 and B3 phenotypes, balanced for age at diagnosis, age at surgery, gender, Crohn's disease localization, perianal disease and therapy. Inflammation and fibrosis histopathological scoring were similar in all cases. B2 and B3 groups showed a very good clustering regarding 30 significantly differentially expressed genes, all being remarkably upregulated in B3. More than half of these genes were involved in Crohn's disease fibrogenesis, while eight differentially expressed genes were so in other organs. The most significantly active biologic processes and pathways in penetrating disease were response to TGFβand matrix organization and degradation, as validated by immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS Despite the histopathological similarities in fibrosis between stricturing and penetrating ileal Crohn's disease, their fibrosis-related transcriptomic profiles are distinct. Penetrating disease exhibits a distinctive transcriptomic landscape related to enhanced matrix remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Tavares de Sousa
- Gastroenterology Department, Algarve University Hospital Center (CHUA), Portimão, Portugal
- ABC-Algarve Biomedical Center, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Marta Ferreira
- Computer Science Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Irene Gullo
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Mafalda Rocha
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Pedro
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Dina Leitão
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Oliveira
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Carneiro
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Magro
- Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Portugal
- Department of Gastroenterology, São João University Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal
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3
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Leyton E, Matus D, Espinoza S, Benitez JM, Cortés BI, Gomez W, Arévalo NB, Murgas P, Manque P, Woehlbier U, Duran-Aniotz C, Hetz C, Behrens MI, SanMartín CD, Nassif M. DEF8 and Autophagy-Associated Genes Are Altered in Mild Cognitive Impairment, Probable Alzheimer’s Disease Patients, and a Transgenic Model of the Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:S163-S178. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-201264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background: Disturbances in the autophagy/endolysosomal systems are proposed as early signatures of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, few studies are available concerning autophagy gene expression in AD patients. Objective: To explore the differential expression of classical genes involved in the autophagy pathway, among them a less characterized one, DEF8 (Differentially expressed in FDCP 8), initially considered a Rubicon family member, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and probable AD (pAD) and correlate the results with the expression of DEF8 in the brain of 5xFAD mice. Method: By real-time PCR and flow cytometry, we evaluated autophagy genes levels in PBMCs from MCI and pAD patients. We evaluated DEF8 levels and its localization in brain samples of the 5xFAD mice by real-time PCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence. Results: Transcriptional levels of DEF8 were significantly reduced in PBMCs of MCI and pAD patients compared with healthy donors, correlating with the MoCA and MoCA-MIS cognitive tests scores. DEF8 protein levels were increased in lymphocytes from MCI but not pAD, compared to controls. In the case of brain samples from 5xFAD mice, we observed a reduced mRNA expression and augmented protein levels in 5xFAD compared to age-matched wild-type mice. DEF8 presented a neuronal localization. Conclusion: DEF8, a protein proposed to act at the final step of the autophagy/endolysosomal pathway, is differentially expressed in PBMCs of MCI and pAD and neurons of 5xFAD mice. These results suggest a potential role for DEF8 in the pathophysiology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Leyton
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Autophagy, Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Matus
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Autophagy, Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sandra Espinoza
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Autophagy, Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Matías Benitez
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Autophagy, Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bastián I. Cortés
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Autophagy, Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Wileidy Gomez
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Autophagy, Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nohela B. Arévalo
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Murgas
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Immunology Laboratory, Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricio Manque
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ute Woehlbier
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Duran-Aniotz
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - María Isabel Behrens
- Departamento de Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Clínica Avanzada (CICA), Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Neurología y Psiquiatría, Clínica Alemana de Santiago
| | - Carol D. SanMartín
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Melissa Nassif
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Autophagy, Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
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Yu B, Yin YX, Tang YP, Wei KL, Pan ZG, Li KZ, Guo XW, Hu BL. Diagnostic and Predictive Value of Immune-Related Genes in Crohn's Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:643036. [PMID: 33936061 PMCID: PMC8085323 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.643036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal immune cell infiltration is associated with the pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease (CD). This study aimed to determine the diagnostic and predictive value of immune-related genes in CD. Seven Gene Expression Omnibus datasets that analyzed the gene expression in CD tissues were downloaded. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was used to estimate the infiltration of the immune cells in CD tissues. Immune-related genes were screened by overlapping the immune-related genes with differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was used to identify key immune-related DEGs. Diagnostic value of CD and predictive value of anti-TNFα therapy were analyzed. Immunohistochemical (IHC) assay was used to verify gene expression in CD tissues. There were significant differences among CD tissues, paired CD tissues, and normal intestinal tissues regarding the infiltration of immune cells. AQP9, CD27, and HVCN1 were identified as the key genes of the three sub-clusters in the PPI network. AQP9, CD27, and HVCN1 had mild to moderate diagnostic value in CD, and the diagnostic value of AQP9 was better than that of CD27 and HVCN1. AQP9 expression was decreased in CD after patients underwent anti-TNFα therapy, but no obvious changes were observed in non-responders. AQP9 had a moderate predictive value in patients who had undergone treatment. IHC assay confirmed that the expression of AQP9, CD27, and HVCN1 in CD tissues was higher than that in normal intestinal tissues, and AQP9, CD27 was correlated with the activity of CD. Immune-related genes, AQP9, CD27, and HVCN1 may act as auxiliary diagnostic indicators for CD, and AQP9 could serve as a promising predictive indicator in patients who underwent anti-TNF therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yi-Xin Yin
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Yan-Ping Tang
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Kang-Lai Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ke-Zhi Li
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Xian-Wen Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Bang-Li Hu
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
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5
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Roberts RL, Wallace MC, Seinen ML, van Bodegraven AA, Krishnaprasad K, Jones GT, van Rij AM, Baird A, Lawrance IC, Prosser R, Bampton P, Grafton R, Simms LA, Studd C, Bell SJ, Kennedy MA, Halliwell J, Gearry RB, Radford-Smith G, Andrews JM, McHugh PC, Barclay ML. Nonsynonymous Polymorphism in Guanine Monophosphate Synthetase Is a Risk Factor for Unfavorable Thiopurine Metabolite Ratios in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2018; 24:2606-2612. [PMID: 29788244 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izy163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up to 20% of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who are refractory to thiopurine therapy preferentially produce 6-methylmercaptopurine (6-MMP) at the expense of 6-thioguanine nucleotides (6-TGN), resulting in a high 6-MMP:6-TGN ratio (>20). The objective of this study was to evaluate whether genetic variability in guanine monophosphate synthetase (GMPS) contributes to preferential 6-MMP metabolizer phenotype. METHODS Exome sequencing was performed in a cohort of IBD patients with 6-MMP:6-TGN ratios of >100 to identify nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs). In vitro assays were performed to measure GMPS activity associated with these nsSNPs. Frequency of the nsSNPs was measured in a cohort of 530 Caucasian IBD patients. RESULTS Two nsSNPs in GMPS (rs747629729, rs61750370) were detected in 11 patients with very high 6-MMP:6-TGN ratios. The 2 nsSNPs were predicted to be damaging by in silico analysis. In vitro assays demonstrated that both nsSNPs resulted in a significant reduction in GMPS activity (P < 0.05). The SNP rs61750370 was significantly associated with 6-MMP:6-TGN ratios ≥100 (odds ratio, 5.64; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-25.12; P < 0.031) in a subset of 264 Caucasian IBD patients. CONCLUSIONS The GMPS SNP rs61750370 may be a reliable risk factor for extreme 6MMP preferential metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Roberts
- Department of Surgical Sciences (Dunedin), University of Otago, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Mary C Wallace
- Department of Surgical Sciences (Dunedin), University of Otago, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Margien L Seinen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Geriatrics, Atrium-ORBIS Medical Center, Heerlen-Sittard, the Netherlands
| | - Adriaan A van Bodegraven
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Geriatrics, Atrium-ORBIS Medical Center, Heerlen-Sittard, the Netherlands
| | | | - Gregory T Jones
- Department of Surgical Sciences (Dunedin), University of Otago, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Andre M van Rij
- Department of Surgical Sciences (Dunedin), University of Otago, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Angela Baird
- Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Saint John of God Hospital, Subiaco, WA, Australia
| | - Ian C Lawrance
- Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Saint John of God Hospital, Subiaco, WA, Australia.,Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Ruth Prosser
- Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter Bampton
- Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Rachel Grafton
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lisa A Simms
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Corrie Studd
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sally J Bell
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martin A Kennedy
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Jacob Halliwell
- Centre for Biomarker Research, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Richard B Gearry
- Department of Gastroenterology, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Graham Radford-Smith
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jane M Andrews
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Patrick C McHugh
- Centre for Biomarker Research, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Murray L Barclay
- Department of Gastroenterology, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
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6
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Lim SZ, Chua EW. Revisiting the Role of Thiopurines in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Through Pharmacogenomics and Use of Novel Methods for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1107. [PMID: 30349479 PMCID: PMC6186994 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine, often referred to as thiopurine compounds, are commonly used in the management of inflammatory bowel disease. However, patients receiving these drugs are prone to developing adverse drug reactions or therapeutic resistance. Achieving predefined levels of two major thiopurine metabolites, 6-thioguanine nucleotides and 6-methylmercaptopurine, is a long-standing clinical practice in ensuring therapeutic efficacy; however, their correlation with treatment response is sometimes unclear. Various genetic markers have also been used to aid the identification of patients who are thiopurine-sensitive or refractory. The recent discovery of novel Asian-specific DNA variants, namely those in the NUDT15 gene, and their link to thiopurine toxicity, have led clinicians and scientists to revisit the utility of Caucasian biomarkers for Asian individuals with inflammatory bowel disease. In this review, we explore the limitations associated with the current methods used for therapeutic monitoring of thiopurine metabolites and how the recent discovery of ethnicity-specific genetic markers can complement thiopurine metabolites measurement in formulating a strategy for more accurate prediction of thiopurine response. We also discuss the challenges in thiopurine therapy, alongside the current strategies used in patients with reduced thiopurine response. The review is concluded with suggestions for future work aiming at using a more comprehensive approach to optimize the efficacy of thiopurine compounds in inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eng Wee Chua
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Changes in CD73, CD39 and CD26 expression on T-lymphocytes of ANCA-associated vasculitis patients suggest impairment in adenosine generation and turn-over. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11683. [PMID: 28916770 PMCID: PMC5601951 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12011-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular adenosine, generated via the concerted action of CD39 and CD73, contributes to T-cell differentiation and function. Adenosine concentrations are furthermore influenced by adenosine deaminase binding protein CD26. Because aberrant T-cell phenotypes had been reported in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic auto-antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) patients, an impaired expression of these molecules on T-cells of AAV patients was hypothesized in the present study. While in AAV patients (n = 29) CD26 was increased on CD4+ lymphocytes, CD39 and CD73 were generally reduced on patients’ T-cells. In CD4+ cells significant differences in CD73 expression were confined to memory CD45RA- cells, while in CD4- lymphocytes differences were significant in both naïve CD45RA+ and memory CD45RA- cells. The percentage of CD4-CD73+ cells correlated with micro-RNA (miR)−31 expression, a putative regulator of factor inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (FIH-1), inversely with serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and positively with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). No correlation with disease activity, duration, and ANCA profile was found. It remains to be assessed if a decreased CD73 and CD39 expression underlies functional impairment of lymphocytes in AAV patients. Likewise, the relations between frequencies of CD4-CD73+ cells and serum CRP or eGFR require further functional elucidation.
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8
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DeCoursey TE. The intimate and controversial relationship between voltage-gated proton channels and the phagocyte NADPH oxidase. Immunol Rev 2017; 273:194-218. [PMID: 27558336 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
One of the most fascinating and exciting periods in my scientific career entailed dissecting the symbiotic relationship between two membrane transporters, the Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced form (NADPH) oxidase complex and voltage-gated proton channels (HV 1). By the time I entered this field, there had already been substantial progress toward understanding NADPH oxidase, but HV 1 were known only to a tiny handful of cognoscenti around the world. Having identified the first proton currents in mammalian cells in 1991, I needed to find a clear function for these molecules if the work was to become fundable. The then-recent discoveries of Henderson, Chappell, and colleagues in 1987-1988 that led them to hypothesize interactions of both molecules during the respiratory burst of phagocytes provided an excellent opportunity. In a nutshell, both transporters function by moving electrical charge across the membrane: NADPH oxidase moves electrons and HV 1 moves protons. The consequences of electrogenic NADPH oxidase activity on both membrane potential and pH strongly self-limit this enzyme. Fortunately, both consequences specifically activate HV 1, and HV 1 activity counteracts both consequences, a kind of yin-yang relationship. Notwithstanding a decade starting in 1995 when many believed the opposite, these are two separate molecules that function independently despite their being functionally interdependent in phagocytes. The relationship between NADPH oxidase and HV 1 has become a paradigm that somewhat surprisingly has now extended well beyond the phagocyte NADPH oxidase - an industrial strength producer of reactive oxygen species (ROS) - to myriad other cells that produce orders of magnitude less ROS for signaling purposes. These cells with their seven NADPH oxidase (NOX) isoforms provide a vast realm of mechanistic obscurity that will occupy future studies for years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E DeCoursey
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Physiology, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
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9
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Combination treatment with 6-mercaptopurine and allopurinol in HepG2 and HEK293 cells - Effects on gene expression levels and thiopurine metabolism. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173825. [PMID: 28278299 PMCID: PMC5344510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination treatment with low-dose thiopurine and allopurinol (AP) has successfully been used in patients with inflammatory bowel disease with a so called skewed thiopurine metabolite profile. In red blood cells in vivo, it reduces the concentration of methylated metabolites and increases the concentration of the phosphorylated ones, which is associated with improved therapeutic efficacy. This study aimed to investigate the largely unknown mechanism of AP on thiopurine metabolism in cells with an active thiopurine metabolic pathway using HepG2 and HEK293 cells. Cells were treated with 6-mercaptopurine (6MP) and AP or its metabolite oxypurinol. The expression of genes known to be associated with thiopurine metabolism, and the concentration of thiopurine metabolites were analyzed. Gene expression levels were only affected by AP in the presence of 6MP. The addition of AP to 6MP affected the expression of in total 19 genes in the two cell lines. In both cell lines the expression of the transporter SLC29A2 was reduced by the combined treatment. Six regulated genes in HepG2 cells and 8 regulated genes in HEK293 cells were connected to networks with 18 and 35 genes, respectively, present at known susceptibility loci for inflammatory bowel disease, when analyzed using a protein-protein interaction database. The genes identified as regulated as well as the disease associated interacting genes represent new candidates for further investigation in the context of combination therapy with thiopurines and AP. However, no differences in absolute metabolite concentrations were observed between 6MP+AP or 6MP+oxypurinol vs. 6MP alone in either of the two cell lines. In conclusion; the effect of AP on gene expression levels requires the presence of 6MP, at least in vitro. Previously described AP-effects on metabolite concentrations observed in red blood cells in vivo could not be reproduced in our cell lines in vitro. AP’s effects in relation to thiopurine metabolism are complex. The network-identified susceptibility genes represented biological processes mainly associated with purine nucleotide biosynthetic processes, lymphocyte proliferation, NF-KB activation, JAK-STAT signaling, and apoptotic signaling at oxidative stress.
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10
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Fernández A, Pupo A, Mena-Ulecia K, Gonzalez C. Pharmacological Modulation of Proton Channel Hv1 in Cancer Therapy: Future Perspectives. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 90:385-402. [PMID: 27260771 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.103804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacological modulation of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment has emerged as a relevant component for cancer therapy. Several approaches aiming to deplete innate and adaptive suppressive populations, to circumvent the impairment in antigen presentation, and to ultimately increase the frequency of activated tumor-specific T cells are currently being explored. In this review, we address the potentiality of targeting the voltage-gated proton channel, Hv1, as a novel strategy to modulate the tumor microenvironment. The function of Hv1 in immune cells such as macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, and T cells has been associated with the maintenance of NADPH oxidase activity and the generation of reactive oxygen species, which are required for the host defense against pathogens. We discuss evidence suggesting that the Hv1 proton channel could also be important for the function of these cells within the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, as summarized here, tumor cells express Hv1 as a primary mechanism to extrude the increased amount of protons generated metabolically, thus maintaining physiologic values for the intracellular pH. Therefore, because this channel might be relevant for both tumor cells and immune cells supporting tumor growth, the pharmacological inhibition of Hv1 could be an innovative approach for cancer therapy. With that focus, we analyzed the available compounds that inhibit Hv1, highlighted the need to develop better drugs suitable for patients, and commented on the future perspectives of targeting Hv1 in the context of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audry Fernández
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences of Valparaíso, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Amaury Pupo
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences of Valparaíso, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Karel Mena-Ulecia
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences of Valparaíso, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Carlos Gonzalez
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences of Valparaíso, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valparaíso, Chile
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Gene Expression-Genotype Analysis Implicates GSDMA, GSDMB, and LRRC3C as Contributors to Inflammatory Bowel Disease Susceptibility. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:834805. [PMID: 26484354 PMCID: PMC4592899 DOI: 10.1155/2015/834805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the biological foundation of the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, susceptibility locus rs2872507, we have investigated the expression of 13 genes using ileal and colonic biopsies from patients with IBD (inflamed and noninflamed mucosa) or from individuals without IBD (noninflamed mucosa). The susceptibility allele was consistently associated with reduced expression of GSDMB (P = 4.1 × 10−3–7.2 × 10−10). The susceptibility allele was also associated with the increased expression of GSDMA (P = 1.6 × 10−4) and LRRC3C (P = 7.8 × 10−6) in colon tissue from individuals without IBD and with the reduced expression of PGAP3 (IBD; P = 2.0 × 10−3) and ZPBP2 (Crohn's disease; P = 7.7 × 10−4) in noninflamed ileum. Inflammation resulted in the reduced colonic expression of ERBB2, GRB7, MIEN1, and PGAP3 (P = 1.0 × 10−4–1.0 × 10−9) and the increased colonic expression of IKZF3 and CSF3 (P = 2.4 × 10−7–3.5 × 10−8). Based on our results and published findings on GSDMA, GSDMB, LRRC3C, and related proteins, we propose that this locus in part affects IBD susceptibility via effects on apoptosis and cell proliferation and believe this hypothesis warrants further experimental investigation.
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Seredenina T, Demaurex N, Krause KH. Voltage-Gated Proton Channels as Novel Drug Targets: From NADPH Oxidase Regulation to Sperm Biology. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:490-513. [PMID: 24483328 PMCID: PMC4543398 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Voltage-gated proton channels are increasingly implicated in cellular proton homeostasis. Proton currents were originally identified in snail neurons less than 40 years ago, and subsequently shown to play an important auxiliary role in the functioning of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases. Molecular identification of voltage-gated proton channels was achieved less than 10 years ago. Interestingly, so far, only one gene coding for voltage-gated proton channels has been identified, namely hydrogen voltage-gated channel 1 (HVCN1), which codes for the HV1 proton channel protein. Over the last years, the first picture of putative physiological functions of HV1 has been emerging. RECENT ADVANCES The best-studied role remains charge and pH compensation during the respiratory burst of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase (NOX). Strong evidence for a role of HV1 is also emerging in sperm biology, but the relationship with the sperm NOX5 remains unclear. Probably in many instances, HV1 functions independently of NOX: for example in snail neurons, basophils, osteoclasts, and cancer cells. CRITICAL ISSUES Generally, ion channels are good drug targets; however, this feature has so far not been exploited for HV1, and hitherto no inhibitors compatible with clinical use exist. However, there are emerging indications for HV1 inhibitors, ranging from diseases with a strong activation of the phagocyte NOX (e.g., stroke) to infertility, osteoporosis, and cancer. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Clinically useful HV1-active drugs should be developed and might become interesting drugs of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Seredenina
- 1 Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva University Medical Faculty , Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Demaurex
- 2 Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, Geneva University Medical Faculty , Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Krause
- 1 Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva University Medical Faculty , Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland .,3 Department of Genetic and Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals , Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
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Roberts RL, Barclay ML. Update on thiopurine pharmacogenetics in inflammatory bowel disease. Pharmacogenomics 2015; 16:891-903. [PMID: 26067482 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.15.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine remain pivotal therapies for the maintenance of disease remission in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. While thiopurine S-methyltransferase deficiency was the first pharmacogenetic phenomenon to be recognized to influence thiopurine toxicity and reliably predict leukopenia, it does not predict other adverse effects, nor does it explain most cases of thiopurine resistance. In recent years, a number of other genetic polymorphisms have received increasing attention in the literature. In particular, SNPs in NUDT15 and in the class II HLA locus have been shown to predict thiopurine-related leukopenia and pancreatitis. The aim of this review is to provide a concise update of genetic variability which may influence patient response to azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Roberts
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dunedin School of Medicine, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Murray L Barclay
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Department of Gastroenterology, Christchurch Hospital, Private Bag 4710, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Abstract
The main properties of the voltage-gated proton channel (HV1) are described in this review, along with what is known about how the channel protein structure accomplishes its functions. Just as protons are unique among ions, proton channels are unique among ion channels. Their four transmembrane helices sense voltage and the pH gradient and conduct protons exclusively. Selectivity is achieved by the unique ability of H3O(+) to protonate an Asp-Arg salt bridge. Pathognomonic sensitivity of gating to the pH gradient ensures HV1 channel opening only when acid extrusion will result, which is crucial to most of its biological functions. An exception occurs in dinoflagellates in which influx of H(+) through HV1 triggers the bioluminescent flash. Pharmacological interventions that promise to ameliorate cancer, asthma, brain damage in ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease, autoimmune diseases, and numerous other conditions await future progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E. DeCoursey
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Physiology, Rush University, 1750 West Harrison, Chicago IL, 60612 USA
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Exome sequencing and array-based comparative genomic hybridisation analysis of preferential 6-methylmercaptopurine producers. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2015; 15:414-21. [DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2015.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Genetic and functional profiling of Crohn's disease: autophagy mechanism and susceptibility to infectious diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:297501. [PMID: 23738324 PMCID: PMC3662122 DOI: 10.1155/2013/297501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Crohn's disease is a complex disease in which genome, microbiome, and environment interact to produce the immunological background of the disease. Disease in childhood is more extensive and characterized by a rapid progression, leading to severe repercussions in the course of the disorder. Several genetic variations have been associated with an increased risk of developing the disease and most of these are also implicated in other autoimmune disorders. The gut has many tiers of defense against incursion by luminal microbes, including the epithelial barrier and the innate and adaptive immune responses. Moreover, recent evidence shows that bacterial and viral infections, as well as inflammasome genes and genes involved in the autophagy process, are implicated in Crohn's disease pathogenesis. The aim of this review is to establish how much the diagnostic system can improve, thus increasing the success of Crohn's disease diagnosis. The major expectation for the near future is to be able to anticipate the possible consequences of the disease already in childhood, thus preventing associated complications, and to choose the best treatment for each patient.
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