1
|
Wen Y, Yang L, Wang Z, Liu X, Gao M, Zhang Y, Wang J, He P. Blocked conversion of Lactobacillus johnsonii derived acetate to butyrate mediates copper-induced epithelial barrier damage in a pig model. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:218. [PMID: 37777765 PMCID: PMC10542248 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01655-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-copper diets have been widely used to promote growth performance of pigs, but excess copper supplementation can also produce negative effects on ecosystem stability and organism health. High-copper supplementation can damage the intestinal barrier and disturb the gut microbiome community. However, the specific relationship between high-copper-induced intestinal damage and gut microbiota or its metabolites is unclear. OBJECTIVE Using fecal microbiota transplantation and metagenomic sequencing, responses of colonic microbiota to a high-copper diet was profiled. In addition, via comparison of specific bacteria and its metabolites rescue, we investigated a network of bacteria-metabolite interactions involving conversion of specific metabolites as a key mechanism linked to copper-induced damage of the colon. RESULTS High copper induced colonic damage, Lactobacillus extinction, and reduction of SCFA (acetate and butyrate) concentrations in pigs. LefSe analysis and q-PCR results confirmed the extinction of L. johnsonii. In addition, transplanting copper-rich fecal microbiota to ABX mice reproduced the gut characteristics of the pig donors. Then, L. johnsonii rescue could restore decreased SCFAs (mainly acetate and butyrate) and colonic barrier damage including thinner mucus layer, reduced colon length, and tight junction protein dysfunction. Given that acetate and butyrate concentrations exhibited a positive correlation with L. johnsonii abundance, we investigated how L. johnsonii exerted its effects by supplementing acetate and butyrate. L. johnsonii and butyrate administration but not acetate could correct the damaged colonic barrier. Acetate administration had no effects on butyrate concentration, indicating blocked conversion from acetate to butyrate. Furthermore, L. johnsonii rescue enriched a series of genera with butyrate-producing ability, mainly Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, we reveal the microbiota-mediated mechanism of high-copper-induced colonic damage in piglets. A high-copper diet can induce extinction of L. johnsonii which leads to colonic barrier damage and loss of SCFA production. Re-establishment of L. johnsonii normalizes the SCFA-producing pathway and restores colonic barrier function. Mechanistically, Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group mediated conversion of acetate produced by L. johnsonii to butyrate is indispensable in the protection of colonic barrier function. Collectively, these findings provide a feasible mitigation strategy for gut damage caused by high-copper diets. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Luqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Meng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Pingli He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jangid A, Fukuda S, Suzuki Y, Taylor TD, Ohno H, Prakash T. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing revealed the prebiotic potential of a grain-based diet in mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6748. [PMID: 35468931 PMCID: PMC9038746 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10762-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we elucidated the effect of grain-based (GB) diet containing both soluble and insoluble fibers and purified ingredients-based (PIB) diet containing only insoluble fiber, namely cellulose on mice gut microbiome using whole shotgun based metagenomic sequencing. Although the fiber content in both diet types is the same (5%) the presence of soluble fiber only in the GB diet differentiates it from the PIB diet. The taxonomic analysis of sequenced reads reveals a significantly higher enrichment of probiotic Lactobacilli in the GB group as compared to the PIB group. Further, the enhancement of energy expensive cellular processes namely, cell cycle control, cell division, chromosome partitioning, and transcription is observed in the GB group which could be due to the metabolization of the soluble fiber for faster energy production. In contrast, a higher abundance of cellulolytic bacterial community namely, the members of family Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae and the metabolism functions are found in the PIB group. The PIB group shows a significant increase in host-derived oligosaccharide metabolism functions indicating that they might first target the host-derived oligosaccharides and self-stored glycogen in addition to utilising the available cellulose. In addition to the beneficial microbial community variations, both the groups also exhibited an increased abundance of opportunistic pathobionts which could be due to an overall low amount of fiber in the diet. Furthermore, backtracing analysis identified probiotic members of Lactobacillus, viz., L. crispatus ST1, L. fermentum CECT 5716, L. gasseri ATCC 33323, L. johnsonii NCC 533 and L. reuteri 100-23 in the GB group, while Bilophila wadsworthia 3_1_6, Desulfovibrio piger ATCC 29098, Clostridium symbiosum WAL-14163, and Ruminococcaceae bacterium D16 in the PIB group. These data suggest that Lactobacilli, a probiotic community of microorganisms, are the predominant functional contributors in the gut of GB diet-fed mice, whereas pathobionts too coexisted with commensals in the gut microbiome of the PIB group. Thus at 5% fiber, GB modifies the gut microbial ecology more effectively than PIB and the inclusion of soluble fiber in the GB diet may be one of the primary factors responsible for this impact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Jangid
- BioX Centre and School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India
| | - Shinji Fukuda
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan.,Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.,Gut Environmental Design Group, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-0821, Japan.,Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan
| | - Todd D Taylor
- Laboratory for Microbiome Sciences, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohno
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.,Gut Environmental Design Group, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-0821, Japan
| | - Tulika Prakash
- BioX Centre and School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India. .,Laboratory for Microbiome Sciences, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Maresca D, De Filippis F, Robertiello A, Mauriello G. Metabolic Profiling and Cold-Starvation Stress Response of Oxygen-Tolerant Lactobacillus gasseri Strains Cultured in Batch Bioreactor. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7070200. [PMID: 31311070 PMCID: PMC6680863 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7070200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic and genotypic evidence indicates that many LAB strains can grow in presence of oxygen and can shift from fermentative to aerobic and/or respiratory metabolism. The aerobic and respiratory growth of several LAB species have been studied, allowing the selection of strains showing improved biomass production, long-term survival, and resistance under oxygen and stress conditions. The aim of this work was to observe the adaptation of two Lactobacillus gasseri strains, described in a previous work, to aerobic (air injection) and respiratory (air injection plus hemin and menaquionone) conditions obtained in a batch bioreactor. One strain showed the higher biomass production and oxygen consumption as well as the lower acidification in respiratory condition. Instead, the other one grew better in aerobic condition, even though the higher resistance to cold-starvation stress was registered in respiratory condition. In silico analysis revealed notable differences between AL3 and AL5 genomes and that of the type strain. This work contributes to understanding the adaptation response of lactobacilli to aerobic and respiratory metabolism. We demonstrated that the supposed activation of respiratory metabolism may provide several modifications to cell physiology. These features may be relevant in some technological and health-promoting applications, including starter and probiotic formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diamante Maresca
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Francesca De Filippis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Alessandro Robertiello
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Mauriello
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Low-cost effective culture medium optimization for d-lactic acid production by Lactobacillus coryniformis subsp. torquens under oxygen-deprived condition. ANN MICROBIOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-018-1362-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
5
|
Maresca D, Zotta T, Mauriello G. Adaptation to Aerobic Environment of Lactobacillus johnsonii/gasseri Strains. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:157. [PMID: 29479342 PMCID: PMC5811513 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygen is considered one of the main factors affecting probiotic bacteria survival due to the induction of oxidative damages caused by the action of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It has been shown that oxidative stress resistance in lactic acid bacteria is strongly dependent on the type of cell metabolism. Shift from fermentative to respiratory metabolism (through the addition of heme and menaquinone and in presence of oxygen) was associated to increase in biomass, long-term survival, and production of antioxidant enzymes. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of aerobic (presence of oxygen) and respiratory (presence of oxygen, heme, and menaquinone) cultivation on the growth kinetic, catalase production, oxygen uptake, and oxidative stress response of Lactobacillus johnsonii/gasseri strains previously isolated from infant feces. Seven strains showed to consume oxygen under aerobic and respiratory conditions. The strain AL5 showed a catalase activity in both growth conditions, while AL3 showed this activity only in respiratory condition. Respiratory condition improved their tolerance to oxidative compounds (hydrogen peroxide and ROS generators) and further they showed promising probiotic features. The exploration of respiratory competent phenotypes with probiotic features may be extremely useful for the development of competitive starter or probiotic cultures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diamante Maresca
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Teresa Zotta
- Institute of Food Science, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Mauriello
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Effect of electro-activated sweet whey on growth of Bifidobacterium , Lactobacillus , and Streptococcus strains under model growth conditions. Food Res Int 2018; 103:316-325. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
7
|
Oxygen-Inducible Conversion of Lactate to Acetate in Heterofermentative Lactobacillus brevis ATCC 367. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.01659-17. [PMID: 28842545 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01659-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus brevis is an obligatory heterofermentative lactic acid bacterium that produces high levels of acetate, which improve the aerobic stability of silages against deterioration caused by yeasts and molds. However, the mechanism involved in acetate accumulation has yet to be elucidated. Here, experimental evidence indicated that aerobiosis resulted in the conversion of lactate to acetate after glucose exhaustion in L. brevis ATCC 367 (GenBank accession number NC_008497). To elucidate the conversion pathway, in silico analysis showed that lactate was first converted to pyruvate by the reverse catalytic reaction of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); subsequently, pyruvate conversion to acetate might be mediated by pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) or pyruvate oxidase (POX). Transcriptional analysis indicated that the pdh and pox genes of L. brevis ATCC 367 were upregulated 37.92- and 18.32-fold, respectively, by oxygen and glucose exhaustion, corresponding to 5.32- and 2.35-fold increases in the respective enzyme activities. Compared with the wild-type strain, the transcription and enzymatic activity of PDH remained stable in the Δpox mutant, while those of POX increased significantly in the Δpdh mutant. More lactate but less acetate was produced in the Δpdh mutant than in the wild-type and Δpox mutant strains, and more H2O2 (a product of the POX pathway) was produced in the Δpdh mutant. We speculated that the high levels of aerobic acetate accumulation in L. brevis ATCC 367 originated mainly from the reuse of lactate to produce pyruvate, which was further converted to acetate by the predominant and secondary functions of PDH and POX, respectively.IMPORTANCE PDH and POX are two possible key enzymes involved in aerobic acetate accumulation in lactic acid bacteria (LAB). It is currently thought that POX plays the major role in aerobic growth in homofermentative LAB and some heterofermentative LAB, while the impact of PDH remains unclear. In this study, we reported that both PDH and POX worked in the aerobic conversion of lactate to acetate in L. brevis ATCC 367, in dominant and secondary roles, respectively. Our findings will further develop the theory of aerobic metabolism by LAB.
Collapse
|
8
|
Mizuno K, Mizuno M, Yamauchi M, Takemura AJ, Medrano Romero V, Morikawa K. Adjacent-possible ecological niche: growth of Lactobacillus species co-cultured with Escherichia coli in a synthetic minimal medium. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12880. [PMID: 29038545 PMCID: PMC5643319 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12894-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In certain conditions, members of the Lactobacillus genus are auxotrophs that have fastidious requirements for growth. Notably, Lactobacillus cannot grow in M9 medium, a minimal synthetic medium used for Escherichia coli. However, we found that some Lactobacillus strains can be grown in M9 when co-cultured with E. coli K-12. In the co-culture, L. casei proliferates exponentially, reaching cell densities of 108 CFU (colony-forming unit) ml-1 in 6 h and dominating E. coli in the late growth phase. Spent medium from E. coli grown overnight lacked this growth-promoting effect on L. casei. Similarly, the effect was not observed when the species were separated by a 0.4-µm membrane. Microscopic observations showed that L. casei are embedded in the micro-scale clusters of E. coli in the early growth phase. This study describes for the first time the ability of a Lactobacillus species to grow in minimal medium when in close proximity with co-cultured bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kouhei Mizuno
- Department of Creative Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu College, Kitakyushu, 802-0985, Japan.
| | - Mamiko Mizuno
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Mio Yamauchi
- Department of Creative Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu College, Kitakyushu, 802-0985, Japan
| | - Aya J Takemura
- PhD Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Veronica Medrano Romero
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Kazuya Morikawa
- Division of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tiani KA, Yeung TW, McClements DJ, Sela DA. Extending viability of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus johnsonii by microencapsulation in alginate microgels. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2017; 69:155-164. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2017.1343285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kendra A. Tiani
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
- Commonwealth Honors College, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Timothy W. Yeung
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - D. Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
- Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute of Applied Life Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - David A. Sela
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
- Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute of Applied Life Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
- Center for Microbiome Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zotta T, Parente E, Ricciardi A. Aerobic metabolism in the genusLactobacillus: impact on stress response and potential applications in the food industry. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 122:857-869. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Zotta
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Alimentazione-CNR; Avellino Italy
| | - E. Parente
- Dipartimento di Scienze; Università degli Studi della Basilicata; Potenza Italy
| | - A. Ricciardi
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari e Ambientali; Università degli Studi della Basilicata; Potenza Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ianniello R, Zheng J, Zotta T, Ricciardi A, Gänzle M. Biochemical analysis of respiratory metabolism in the heterofermentativeLactobacillus spicheriandLactobacillus reuteri. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 119:763-75. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R.G. Ianniello
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie; Forestali, Alimentari e Ambientali; Università degli Studi della Basilicata; Potenza Italy
| | - J. Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - T. Zotta
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Alimentazione-CNR; Avellino Italy
| | - A. Ricciardi
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie; Forestali, Alimentari e Ambientali; Università degli Studi della Basilicata; Potenza Italy
| | - M.G. Gänzle
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Valladares RB, Graves C, Wright K, Gardner CL, Lorca GL, Gonzalez CF. H2O2 production rate in Lactobacillus johnsonii is modulated via the interplay of a heterodimeric flavin oxidoreductase with a soluble 28 Kd PAS domain containing protein. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:716. [PMID: 26236298 PMCID: PMC4500961 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Host and commensals crosstalk, mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), has triggered a growing scientific interest to understand the mechanisms governing such interaction. However, the majority of the scientific studies published do not evaluate the ROS production by commensals bacteria. In this context we recently showed that Lactobacillus johnsonii N6.2, a strain of probiotic value, modulates the activity of the critical enzymes 2,3-indoleamine dioxygenase via H2O2 production. L. johnsonii N6.2 by decreasing IDO activity, is able to modify the tryptophan/kynurenine ratio in the host blood with further systemic consequences. Understanding the mechanisms of H2O2 production is critical to predict the probiotic value of these strains and to optimize bacterial biomass production in industrial processes. We performed a transcriptome analysis to identify genes differentially expressed in L. johnsonii N6.2 cells collected from cultures grown under different aeration conditions. Herein we described the biochemical characteristics of a heterodimeric FMN reductase (FRedA/B) whose in vitro activity is controlled by LjPAS protein with a typical Per-Arnst-Sim (PAS) sensor domain. Interestingly, LjPAS is fused to the FMN reductase domains in other lactobacillaceae. In L. johnsonii, LjPAS is encoded by an independent gene which expression is repressed under anaerobic conditions (>3 fold). Purified LjPAS was able to slow down the FRedA/B initial activity rate when the holoenzyme precursors (FredA, FredB, and FMN) were mixed in vitro. Altogether the results obtained suggest that LjPAS module regulates the H2O2 production helping the cells to minimize oxidative stress in response to environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo B Valladares
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Genetics Institute and Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christina Graves
- Department of Periodontology, College of Medicine, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Wright
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Genetics Institute and Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christopher L Gardner
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Genetics Institute and Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Graciela L Lorca
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Genetics Institute and Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Claudio F Gonzalez
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Genetics Institute and Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Slavica A, Trontel A, Jelovac N, Kosovec Ž, Šantek B, Novak S. Production of lactate and acetate by Lactobacillus coryniformis subsp. torquens DSM 20004 T in comparison with Lactobacillus amylovorus DSM 20531 T. J Biotechnol 2015; 202:50-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
14
|
Ianniello RG, Ricciardi A, Parente E, Tramutola A, Reale A, Zotta T. Aeration and supplementation with heme and menaquinone affect survival to stresses and antioxidant capability of Lactobacillus casei strains. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
15
|
Assessment of aerobic and respiratory growth in the Lactobacillus casei group. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99189. [PMID: 24918811 PMCID: PMC4053349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
One hundred eighty four strains belonging to the species Lactobacillus casei, L. paracasei and L. rhamnosus were screened for their ability to grow under aerobic conditions, in media containing heme and menaquinone and/or compounds generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), in order to identify respiratory and oxygen-tolerant phenotypes. Most strains were able to cope with aerobic conditions and for many strains aerobic growth and heme or heme/menaquinone supplementation increased biomass production compared to anaerobic cultivation. Only four L. casei strains showed a catalase-like activity under anaerobic, aerobic and respiratory conditions and were able to survive in presence of H2O2 (1 mM). Almost all L. casei and L. paracasei strains tolerated menadione (0.2 mM) and most tolerated pyrogallol (50 mM), while L. rhamnosus was usually resistant only to the latter compound. This is the first study in which an extensive screening of oxygen and oxidative stress tolerance of members of the L. casei group has been carried out. Results allowed the selection of strains showing the typical traits of aerobic and respiratory metabolism (increased pH and biomass under aerobic or respiratory conditions) and unique oxidative stress response properties. Aerobic growth and respiration may confer technological and physiological advantages in the L. casei group and oxygen-tolerant phenotypes could be exploited in several food industry applications.
Collapse
|
16
|
Chan SHJ, Nørregaard L, Solem C, Jensen PR. Acetate kinase isozymes confer robustness in acetate metabolism. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92256. [PMID: 24638105 PMCID: PMC3956926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetate kinase (ACK) (EC no: 2.7.2.1) interconverts acetyl-phosphate and acetate to either catabolize or synthesize acetyl-CoA dependent on the metabolic requirement. Among all ACK entries available in UniProt, we found that around 45% are multiple ACKs in some organisms including more than 300 species but surprisingly, little work has been done to clarify whether this has any significance. In an attempt to gain further insight we have studied the two ACKs (AckA1, AckA2) encoded by two neighboring genes conserved in Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) by analyzing protein sequences, characterizing transcription structure, determining enzyme characteristics and effect on growth physiology. The results show that the two ACKs are most likely individually transcribed. AckA1 has a much higher turnover number and AckA2 has a much higher affinity for acetate in vitro. Consistently, growth experiments of mutant strains reveal that AckA1 has a higher capacity for acetate production which allows faster growth in an environment with high acetate concentration. Meanwhile, AckA2 is important for fast acetate-dependent growth at low concentration of acetate. The results demonstrate that the two ACKs have complementary physiological roles in L. lactis to maintain a robust acetate metabolism for fast growth at different extracellular acetate concentrations. The existence of ACK isozymes may reflect a common evolutionary strategy in bacteria in an environment with varying concentrations of acetate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lasse Nørregaard
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christian Solem
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- * E-mail: (CS); (PRJ)
| | - Peter Ruhdal Jensen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- * E-mail: (CS); (PRJ)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
H(2)O(2) production in species of the Lactobacillus acidophilus group: a central role for a novel NADH-dependent flavin reductase. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:2229-39. [PMID: 24487531 DOI: 10.1128/aem.04272-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide production is a well-known trait of many bacterial species associated with the human body. In the presence of oxygen, the probiotic lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC 533 excretes up to 1 mM H(2)O(2), inducing growth stagnation and cell death. Disruption of genes commonly assumed to be involved in H(2)O(2) production (e.g., pyruvate oxidase, NADH oxidase, and lactate oxidase) did not affect this. Here we describe the purification of a novel NADH-dependent flavin reductase encoded by two highly similar genes (LJ_0548 and LJ_0549) that are conserved in lactobacilli belonging to the Lactobacillus acidophilus group. The genes are predicted to encode two 20-kDa proteins containing flavin mononucleotide (FMN) reductase conserved domains. Reductase activity requires FMN, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), or riboflavin and is specific for NADH and not NADPH. The Km for FMN is 30 ± 8 μM, in accordance with its proposed in vivo role in H(2)O(2) production. Deletion of the encoding genes in L. johnsonii led to a 40-fold reduction of hydrogen peroxide formation. H(2)O(2) production in this mutant could only be restored by in trans complementation of both genes. Our work identifies a novel, conserved NADH-dependent flavin reductase that is prominently involved in H(2)O(2) production in L. johnsonii.
Collapse
|