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Hoffmann E, Masthoff M, Kunz WG, Seidensticker M, Bobe S, Gerwing M, Berdel WE, Schliemann C, Faber C, Wildgruber M. Multiparametric MRI for characterization of the tumour microenvironment. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2024; 21:428-448. [PMID: 38641651 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-024-00891-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Our understanding of tumour biology has evolved over the past decades and cancer is now viewed as a complex ecosystem with interactions between various cellular and non-cellular components within the tumour microenvironment (TME) at multiple scales. However, morphological imaging remains the mainstay of tumour staging and assessment of response to therapy, and the characterization of the TME with non-invasive imaging has not yet entered routine clinical practice. By combining multiple MRI sequences, each providing different but complementary information about the TME, multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) enables non-invasive assessment of molecular and cellular features within the TME, including their spatial and temporal heterogeneity. With an increasing number of advanced MRI techniques bridging the gap between preclinical and clinical applications, mpMRI could ultimately guide the selection of treatment approaches, precisely tailored to each individual patient, tumour and therapeutic modality. In this Review, we describe the evolving role of mpMRI in the non-invasive characterization of the TME, outline its applications for cancer detection, staging and assessment of response to therapy, and discuss considerations and challenges for its use in future medical applications, including personalized integrated diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hoffmann
- Clinic of Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Max Masthoff
- Clinic of Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang G Kunz
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Max Seidensticker
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Bobe
- Gerhard Domagk Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Mirjam Gerwing
- Clinic of Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | | | - Cornelius Faber
- Clinic of Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Moritz Wildgruber
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Hamed M, Schäfer N, Bode C, Borger V, Potthoff AL, Eichhorn L, Giordano FA, Güresir E, Heimann M, Ko YD, Landsberg J, Lehmann F, Radbruch A, Scharnböck E, Schaub C, Schwab KS, Weller J, Herrlinger U, Vatter H, Schuss P, Schneider M. Preoperative Metastatic Brain Tumor-Associated Intracerebral Hemorrhage Is Associated With Dismal Prognosis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:699860. [PMID: 34595109 PMCID: PMC8476918 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.699860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Object Intra-tumoral hemorrhage is considered an imaging characteristic of advanced cancer disease. However, data on the influence of intra-tumoral hemorrhage in patients with brain metastases (BM) remains scarce. We aimed at investigating patients with BM who underwent neurosurgical resection of the metastatic lesion for a potential impact of preoperative hemorrhagic transformation on overall survival (OS). Methods Between 2013 and 2018, 357 patients with BM were surgically treated at the authors’ neuro-oncological center. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations were assessed for the occurrence of malignant hemorrhagic transformation. Results 122 of 375 patients (34%) with BM revealed preoperative intra-tumoral hemorrhage. Patients with hemorrhagic transformed BM exhibited a median OS of 5 months compared to 12 months for patients without intra-tumoral hemorrhage. Multivariate analysis revealed preoperative hemorrhagic transformation as an independent and significant predictor for worsened OS. Conclusions The present study identifies preoperative intra-tumoral hemorrhage as an indicator variable for poor prognosis in patients with BM undergoing neurosurgical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motaz Hamed
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO) Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Niklas Schäfer
- Division of Clinical Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO) Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Bode
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Valeri Borger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO) Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna-Laura Potthoff
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO) Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lars Eichhorn
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank A Giordano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO) Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Erdem Güresir
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO) Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Muriel Heimann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO) Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yon-Dschun Ko
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO) Bonn, Johanniter Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jennifer Landsberg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO) Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Felix Lehmann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Radbruch
- Department of Neuroradiology, Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO) Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Elisa Scharnböck
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO) Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christina Schaub
- Division of Clinical Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO) Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katjana S Schwab
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO) Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Johannes Weller
- Division of Clinical Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO) Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrich Herrlinger
- Division of Clinical Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO) Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hartmut Vatter
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO) Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Patrick Schuss
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO) Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Schneider
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO) Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Gounder S, Strudwick M. Multimodality imaging review for suspected ovarian torsion cases in children. Radiography (Lond) 2020; 27:236-242. [PMID: 32713824 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ovarian torsion (OT), although rare, can be described as a complete or partial twist of the ovary with impairment of blood flow. Although occurring at any age, it is more common in children and during pregnancy. Presenting symptoms are non-specific but include either persistent or intermittent acute abdominal pain, making early diagnosis difficult. Delayed diagnosis is associated with an increased need for oophorectomy. The aim of this literature review is to establish the safest and most efficacious imaging strategy for OT by comparing and contrasting evidence for current imaging modalities found in the literature. KEY FINDINGS Characteristically, OT can be identified through a combination of findings some of which includes an enlarged ovary, multiple follicles at the periphery and a "whirlpool" sign. Currently, ultrasound is the preferred primary imaging modality; although computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may also be used when findings are equivocal; with MRI being the safer option. CONCLUSION Ultimately, while it is true that ovarian torsion is not a common cause of acute abdominal pain in children, it should always be considered in the differential diagnosis. Prior to selecting an imaging modality; the clinical presentation, age group, possible radiation dose and availability of the modality needs to be considered to ensure the appropriate imaging strategy. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE With new tools such as scoring systems, B-flow imaging (BFI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) currently being explored for possible use in the future, early diagnosis of OT may be attainable. Thus, reducing the likelihood of adverse complications and consequently the need for oophorectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gounder
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - M Strudwick
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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Crisman CM, Patel AR, Winston G, Brennan CW, Tabar V, Moss NS. Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma Metastases to the Choroid Plexus. World Neurosurg 2020; 140:e7-e13. [PMID: 32251814 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.03.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intraventricular metastatic brain tumors account for a small, but challenging, fraction of metastatic brain tumors (0.9%-4.5%). Metastases from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) account for a large portion of these intraventricular tumors. Although patient outcomes have been assumed to be poor, these have not been reported in a modern series with a multimodality treatment paradigm of radiotherapy (RT), resection, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion. We have presented the first case series of patients with intraventricular metastatic tumors from RCC. METHODS We performed a single-institution retrospective review of patients with intraventricular RCC metastases treated from January 2003 to January 2019. Volumetric analysis was used to delineate the tumor size and the Kaplan-Meier method to evaluate the survival data. RESULTS A total of 22 intraventricular RCC metastases were identified in 19 patients with 61.3 patient-years of follow-up. The median patient age was 64 years, and the median tumor volume was 2.2 cm3. Overall, 19 metastases had been treated initially with RT. Of these, 16 had received stereotactic body RT and 3 had received whole brain RT. Three tumors were surgically excised and had received adjuvant stereotactic body RT in the upfront setting. Although 5 patients had presented with obstructive hydrocephalus, none had required CSF diversion. After treatment, 5 metastases had progressed, resulting in 1- and 3-year progression-free survival rates of 81.6% and 68%, respectively. The median overall survival was 2.8 years, with 1- and 5-year overall survival rates of 76.7% and 28.3%, respectively. Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis was not observed. CONCLUSIONS Despite the relatively limited overall survival for this population with metastatic cancer, comparable to contemporary parenchymal brain metastasis cohorts, reasonable local central nervous system control was achieved in most patients using a paradigm of focal RT and resection, where indicated. Finally, CSF diversion was not required even in patients presenting with hydrocephalus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina M Crisman
- Department of Neurosurgery, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Ankur R Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Metastasis Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Cameron W Brennan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Metastasis Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Viviane Tabar
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Metastasis Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Nelson S Moss
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Metastasis Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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Hilleary LA, Wratten C, Siva S, Hilleary J, Martin JM. Intratumoural renal cell carcinoma haemorrhage following stereotactic radiotherapy: a case report. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:671. [PMID: 31286870 PMCID: PMC6615206 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5899-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stereotactic radiotherapy is an emerging treatment option for patients with inoperable renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Haemorrhage has not previously been reported to occur as a result of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) to the kidney for primary RCC. We report an acute haemorrhage in a patient who received only one of three planned fractions of SBRT as part of a clinical trial. CASE PRESENTATION A 74 year old female had a left renal mass under observation for 4 years, during which time she was imaged repeatedly using ultrasound and CT scans. There has been no evidence of metastases, and the lesion has demonstrated a steady pattern of growth over the 4-year period. Fine needle aspiration histologically confirmed RCC. Following a multidisciplinary review, the patient was recommended for SBRT as she was not considered a surgical candidate. Treatment was planned for an ablative 42Gray (Gy) to be delivered in 3 fractions at 14Gy/fraction as part of a clinical trial. Our patient presented to the emergency department (ED) suffering left flank pain, fever and vomiting within 3 h of the first fraction of SBRT. CT showed the mass to have markedly increased in size, measuring 8.7 × 8.1 × 7.0 cm, from 6.5 × 5.4 × 5.6 cm. It was reported as an internal haemorrhage into the malignancy. The patient was admitted for analgesia, anti-pyretics, and transfusion of 2 units of packed red blood cells. The patient recovered without any further intervention but radiotherapy was discontinued. The patient was alive and free from disease progression two years after the aborted treatment. CONCLUSION Such events, though rare, are potentially serious, and therefore clinicians should be aware of such treatment related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam A Hilleary
- Calvary Mater Hospital, Locked Mail Bag 7 Hunter Region Mail Centre, Newcastle, New South Wales, 2310, Australia.
| | - Christopher Wratten
- Calvary Mater Hospital, Locked Mail Bag 7 Hunter Region Mail Centre, Newcastle, New South Wales, 2310, Australia.,University of Newcastle School of Medicine and Public Health, University Drive, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia
| | - Shankar Siva
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Locked Bag 5m A'Beckett St, Melbourne, Victoria, 8006, Australia
| | - Jenna Hilleary
- Calvary Mater Hospital, Locked Mail Bag 7 Hunter Region Mail Centre, Newcastle, New South Wales, 2310, Australia
| | - Jarad M Martin
- Calvary Mater Hospital, Locked Mail Bag 7 Hunter Region Mail Centre, Newcastle, New South Wales, 2310, Australia.,University of Newcastle School of Medicine and Public Health, University Drive, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia
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Yang X, Zhu J, Dai Y, Tian Z, Yang G, Shi H, Wu Y, Tao X. Multi-parametric effect in predicting tumor histological grade by using susceptibility weighted magnetic resonance imaging in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Med Imaging 2019; 19:24. [PMID: 30866854 PMCID: PMC6417004 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-019-0322-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) is helpful for depicting hemorrhage, calcification, and increased vascularity in some neoplasms, which may reflect tumor grade. In this study, we aimed to apply SWI in patients with oral tongue squamous cell carcinomas (OTSCCs) and relate multi-parametric effect to tumor histological grade prediction. METHODS Preoperative MR examinations were performed on a 1 .5T MRI scanner with T1-, T2- and contrast-enhanced (CE) T1-weighted imaging. In addition to routine head and neck MRI sequences, SWI was performed. Tumor thickness and volume were measured. Intratumoral susceptibility signal intensities (ITSSs), ITSS score and ITSS ratio on SWI were evaluated and recorded. Subjects were sub-grouped into low- and high-grade according to the histological findings post operation. Parameters such as tumor thickness, tumor volume and three ITSS related parameters were compared between low- and high-grade groups. ROC analysis was performed on above parameters to access the capability in predicting tumor histological grade. Different multi-parametric models were run to access multi-parametric combination effect. RESULTS Thirty patients with OTSCC were finally included in the study. Twenty of them were categorized as low-grade SCC and the other ten subjects were high-grade SCC according to the pathologic findings. No significant difference was seen for tumor thickness or tumor volume between two sub-groups. ITSSs were seen in 23/30 patients. Significant difference of ITSS scores between low- and high-grade OTSCCs was observed, with mean value of 0.95 ± 0.83 and 1.70 ± 0.95, respectively. Univariate ROC analysis demonstrated ITSSs, ITSS score and ITSS ratio were valuable parameters for predicting tumor histological grade and ITSSs was superior to the other two parameters, with an area under ROC curve of 0.790. Multi-parametric model using combination of ITSSs and tumor thickness would greatly improve the predictive capability in comparison with a univariate approach, yielding the area under ROC curve of 0.84(0.69,0.99). On contrast-enhanced SWI (CE-SWI), ITSSs were shown more clearly delineated in comparison with non-contrast enhanced SWI. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, SWI was superior in depiction of internal characteristics of OTSCCs, which would potentially provide more diagnostic information. Multi-parametric model using combination of ITSSs and tumor thickness would be valuable in predicting tumor histological grade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Yang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Jinyu Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yongming Dai
- United Imaging Healthcare, Shanghai, 201807, China
| | - Zhen Tian
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Gongxin Yang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Huimin Shi
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Yingwei Wu
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Tao
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
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Sun J, Yu S, Chen J, Xing Z, Zha T, Fan M, Zeng D, Xing W. Assessment of delayed graft function using susceptibility-weighted imaging in the early period after kidney transplantation: a feasibility study. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2019; 44:218-226. [PMID: 30054685 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-018-1709-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the feasibility of susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) for evaluating delayed graft function (DGF) during the early posttransplantation period. METHODS Sixty-nine recipients who accepted allograft renal transplantation underwent SWI during the second posttransplantation week. Renal allograft function was estimated via the glomerular filtration rate. Recipients with and without DGF were identified. For each transplanted kidney, the presence of abnormal signal intensity lesions (ASILs), excluding benign lesions, on SWI was assessed. Renal allograft function was compared between the recipients with and without ASILs. The correlation between ASILs and renal allograft function was tested by Spearman's rank correlation analysis. RESULTS Thirty-four recipients were diagnosed with DGF, while 35 recipients showed no DGF. In the DGF group, 16 recipients had low-intensity ASILs, primarily at the corticomedullary junction of transplanted kidneys on SWI, and no ASILs were found in 18 recipients. In the non-DGF group, none of the recipients showed ASILs on SWI. In the DGF group, the renal allograft function among the 16 recipients with low-intensity ASILs was significantly lower than that among the other 18 recipients (8.5 ± 4.2 vs. 19.7 ± 9.7 mL/min, P < 0.001). The presence of low-intensity ASILs on SWI showed a moderate negative correlation with renal allograft function in recipients with DGF (r = - 0.553, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION SWI can be used to evaluate DGF in the early post-kidney transplantation period.
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Arif-Tiwari H, Kalb BT, Bisla JK, Martin DR. Classification and Diagnosis of Cystic Renal Tumors: Role of MR Imaging Versus Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2018; 27:33-44. [PMID: 30466911 DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Superior soft tissue and contrast resolution of MR imaging benefits sensitivity to kidney cyst features and classification, which may have an impact on patient management and outcomes. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) may have nearly similar sensitivity for detection of cyst features yet is dependent on patient body habitus and adequacy of visualization windows for the kidneys, which does not have the same impact on MR imaging results. Both MR imaging and CEUS may provide superior kidney cyst assessment compared with contrast-enhanced CT; however, further research is needed, particularly for the identification of role of CEUS.
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Krishna S, Schieda N, Flood TA, Shanbhogue AK, Ramanathan S, Siegelman E. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the renal sinus. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2018; 43:3082-3100. [PMID: 29632991 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-018-1593-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This article presents methods to improve MR imaging approach of disorders of the renal sinus which are relatively uncommon and can be technically challenging. Multi-planar Single-shot T2-weighted (T2W) Fast Spin-Echo sequences are recommended to optimally assess anatomic relations of disease. Multi-planar 3D-T1W Gradient Recalled Echo imaging before and after Gadolinium administration depicts the presence and type of enhancement and relation to arterial, venous, and collecting system structures. To improve urographic phase MRI, concentrated Gadolinium in the collecting systems should be diluted. Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI) should be performed before Gadolinium administration to minimize T2* effects. Renal sinus cysts are common but can occasionally be confused for dilated collecting system or calyceal diverticula, with the latter communicating with the collecting system and filling on urographic phase imaging. Vascular lesions (e.g., aneurysm, fistulas) may mimic cystic (or solid) lesions on non-enhanced MRI but can be suspected by noting similar signal intensity to the blood pool and diagnosis can be confirmed with MR angiogram/venogram. Multilocular cystic nephroma commonly extends to the renal sinus, however, to date are indistinguishable from cystic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Solid hilar tumors are most commonly RCC and urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC). Hilar RCC are heterogeneous, hypervascular with epicenter in the renal cortex compared to UCC which are centered in the collecting system, homogeneously hypovascular, and show profound restricted diffusion. Diagnosis of renal sinus invasion in RCC is critically important as it is the most common imaging cause of pre-operative under-staging of disease. Fat is a normal component of the renal sinus; however, amount of sinus fat correlates with cardiovascular disease and is also seen in lipomatosis. Fat-containing hilar lesions include lipomas, angiomyolipomas, and less commonly other tumors which engulf sinus fat. Mesenchymal hilar tumors are rare. MR imaging diagnosis is generally not possible, although anatomic relations should be described to guide diagnosis by percutaneous biopsy or surgery.
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Joshi G, Crawford KA, Hanna TN, Herr KD, Dahiya N, Menias CO. US of Right Upper Quadrant Pain in the Emergency Department: Diagnosing beyond Gallbladder and Biliary Disease. Radiographics 2018; 38:766-793. [DOI: 10.1148/rg.2018170149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Joshi
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (G.J., K.A.C., T.N.H., K.D.H.) and Department of Emergency Medicine (G.J., T.N.H., K.D.H.), Emory University School of Medicine, 550 Peachtree St, Atlanta, GA 30308; and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (N.D., C.O.M.)
| | - Kevin A. Crawford
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (G.J., K.A.C., T.N.H., K.D.H.) and Department of Emergency Medicine (G.J., T.N.H., K.D.H.), Emory University School of Medicine, 550 Peachtree St, Atlanta, GA 30308; and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (N.D., C.O.M.)
| | - Tarek N. Hanna
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (G.J., K.A.C., T.N.H., K.D.H.) and Department of Emergency Medicine (G.J., T.N.H., K.D.H.), Emory University School of Medicine, 550 Peachtree St, Atlanta, GA 30308; and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (N.D., C.O.M.)
| | - Keith D. Herr
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (G.J., K.A.C., T.N.H., K.D.H.) and Department of Emergency Medicine (G.J., T.N.H., K.D.H.), Emory University School of Medicine, 550 Peachtree St, Atlanta, GA 30308; and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (N.D., C.O.M.)
| | - Nirvikar Dahiya
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (G.J., K.A.C., T.N.H., K.D.H.) and Department of Emergency Medicine (G.J., T.N.H., K.D.H.), Emory University School of Medicine, 550 Peachtree St, Atlanta, GA 30308; and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (N.D., C.O.M.)
| | - Christine O. Menias
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (G.J., K.A.C., T.N.H., K.D.H.) and Department of Emergency Medicine (G.J., T.N.H., K.D.H.), Emory University School of Medicine, 550 Peachtree St, Atlanta, GA 30308; and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (N.D., C.O.M.)
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Zhang JG, Xing ZY, Zha TT, Tian XJ, Du YN, Chen J, Xing W. Longitudinal assessment of rabbit renal fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction using two-dimensional susceptibility weighted imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 2017; 47:1572-1577. [PMID: 29236342 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies indicated that two-dimensional-susceptibility weighted imaging (2D-SWI) could serve as a useful biomarker for differentiating the grade of liver fibrosis. PURPOSE To evaluate the feasibility of 2D-SWI in the dynamic quantification of renal fibrosis in a rabbit model. STUDY TYPE Longitudinal study. ANIMAL MODEL Twenty-Four New Zealand White Rabbits including control group (n = 4); and renal fibrosis group (n = 20), by means of a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE The 3.0 T SWI using a 2D gradient-echo sequence. ASSESSMENT The relative SWI signal ratio(r) of cortical and medulla (r = SIrenal /SImuscle ) was longitudinally assessed before ligation and on weeks 2, 4, 6, and 8 following ligation. Sirius Red staining was used to assess the degree of fibrosis in five high-power fields. STATISTICAL TESTS The repeated measures of analysis of variance and linear regression analysis. RESULTS Both the cortical and medullary r values were significantly higher in the UUO kidneys at week 2 compared with the kidneys before ligation. Over the course of UUO progression, significant changes occurred in the cortical and medullary r values in vivo and fibrosis scores in vitro (all P values < 0.05). The r values gradually decreased, while the fibrosis scores gradually increased over 8 weeks following ligation. The linear regression analysis showed a strong and significant correlation between cortical and medullary r values and the pathologic fibrosis scores (R2 = 0.91, 0.81, respectively). DATA CONCLUSION The SWI sequence could provide a quantitative evaluation of renal fibrosis during UUO progression. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1572-1577.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Gang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Yu Xing
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zha
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Tian
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Ya-Nan Du
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Wei Xing
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
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Imaging features of papillary renal cell carcinoma with cystic change-dominant appearance in the era of the 2016 WHO classification. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2017; 42:1850-1856. [PMID: 28534069 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-017-1189-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Papillary renal cell carcinoma (P-RCC) typically exhibits a homogeneous, solid hypovascular mass; P-RCC with a cystic appearance is atypical. Tubulocystic RCC (TC-RCC), a newly proposed entity for renal tumors in the 2016 WHO classification, and cystic papillary RCC, may yield similar imaging findings. Therefore, we investigated the incidence of papillary RCC with cystic changes and compared its CT and pathologic features to differentiate between two entities. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 26 consecutive patients diagnosed with P-RCC. Two radiologists consensually identified dominant masses indicative of cystic changes on CT scans and recorded their Bosniak classification. In addition, two pathologists inspected the whole area of tumors macroscopically, labeled them as solid- or cystic change-dominant tumors, determined the pathogenesis of the cystic components (necrosis or hemorrhage), and recorded their inherent cystic characteristics (with/without TC-RCC components). We defined masses with cystic changes involving more than 50% of the entire tumor as cystic change-dominant tumors. RESULTS Of the 26 tumors, 7 (27%) were diagnosed cystic change-dominant based on imaging and pathologic findings, of these, 2 were classified as Bosniak type III and 5 as Bosniak type IV. The pathologists confirmed that two type IV tumors demonstrated extensive necrosis and one type IV tumor revealed extensive hemorrhage. Four P-RCCs (type III and IV, 2 each) were of a mixed type harboring both solid and cystic components. Only one tumor exhibited a multilocular cystic appearance. All 7 cystic change-dominant P-RCCs were pathologically diagnosed as a pure P-RCC without TC-RCC components. CONCLUSION While P-RCCs may contain cystic features, the multilocular type of cystic P-RCC is rare.
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Liu S, Buch S, Chen Y, Choi HS, Dai Y, Habib C, Hu J, Jung JY, Luo Y, Utriainen D, Wang M, Wu D, Xia S, Haacke EM. Susceptibility-weighted imaging: current status and future directions. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30:10.1002/nbm.3552. [PMID: 27192086 PMCID: PMC5116013 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) is a method that uses the intrinsic nature of local magnetic fields to enhance image contrast in order to improve the visibility of various susceptibility sources and to facilitate diagnostic interpretation. It is also the precursor to the concept of the use of phase for quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). Nowadays, SWI has become a widely used clinical tool to image deoxyhemoglobin in veins, iron deposition in the brain, hemorrhages, microbleeds and calcification. In this article, we review the basics of SWI, including data acquisition, data reconstruction and post-processing. In particular, the source of cusp artifacts in phase images is investigated in detail and an improved multi-channel phase data combination algorithm is provided. In addition, we show a few clinical applications of SWI for the imaging of stroke, traumatic brain injury, carotid vessel wall, siderotic nodules in cirrhotic liver, prostate cancer, prostatic calcification, spinal cord injury and intervertebral disc degeneration. As the clinical applications of SWI continue to expand both in and outside the brain, the improvement of SWI in conjunction with QSM is an important future direction of this technology. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saifeng Liu
- The MRI Institute for Biomedical Research, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Sagar Buch
- The MRI Institute for Biomedical Research, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, US
| | - Hyun-Seok Choi
- Department of Radiology, St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yongming Dai
- The MRI Institute of Biomedical Research, Detroit, Michigan, US
| | - Charbel Habib
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, US
| | - Jiani Hu
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, US
| | - Joon-Yong Jung
- Department of Radiology, St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu Luo
- Department of Radiology, the Branch of Shanghai First Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - David Utriainen
- The MRI Institute of Biomedical Research, Detroit, Michigan, US
| | - Meiyun Wang
- Department of Radiology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Dongmei Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Xia
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - E. Mark Haacke
- The MRI Institute for Biomedical Research, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, US
- The MRI Institute of Biomedical Research, Detroit, Michigan, US
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Address correspondence to: E. Mark Haacke, Ph.D., 3990 John R Street, MRI Concourse, Detroit, MI 48201. 313-745-1395,
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Evaluation of sclerosis in Modic changes of the spine using susceptibility-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Eur J Radiol 2017; 88:148-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2016.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Xie L, Bennett KM, Liu C, Johnson GA, Zhang JL, Lee VS. MRI tools for assessment of microstructure and nephron function of the kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F1109-F1124. [PMID: 27630064 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00134.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MRI can provide excellent detail of renal structure and function. Recently, novel MR contrast mechanisms and imaging tools have been developed to evaluate microscopic kidney structures including the tubules and glomeruli. Quantitative MRI can assess local tubular function and is able to determine the concentrating mechanism of the kidney noninvasively in real time. Measuring single nephron function is now a near possibility. In parallel to advancing imaging techniques for kidney microstructure is a need to carefully understand the relationship between the local source of MRI contrast and the underlying physiological change. The development of these imaging markers can impact the accurate diagnosis and treatment of kidney disease. This study reviews the novel tools to examine kidney microstructure and local function and demonstrates the application of these methods in renal pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Xie
- Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah;
| | - Kevin M Bennett
- Department of Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Chunlei Liu
- Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; and.,Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - G Allan Johnson
- Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; and
| | - Jeff Lei Zhang
- Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Vivian S Lee
- Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Evaluation of T1-Weighted MRI to Detect Intratumoral Hemorrhage Within Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma as a Feature Differentiating From Angiomyolipoma Without Visible Fat. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2016; 207:585-91. [DOI: 10.2214/ajr.16.16062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Sun J, Xing Z, Xing W, Zheng L, Chen J, Fan M, Chen T, Zhang Z. Intratumoral Macroscopic Fat and Hemorrhage Combination Useful in the Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Solid Renal Masses. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2960. [PMID: 26962796 PMCID: PMC4998877 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the value of combining the detection of intratumoral macroscopic fat and hemorrhage in the differentiation of the benign from malignant solid renal masses.Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), chemical shift (CS)-MRI, and susceptibility-weighted imaging were performed in 152 patients with 152 solid renal masses, including 48 benign and 104 malignant masses all pathologically confirmed. The presence of macroscopic fat detected by CS-MRI and hemorrhage detected by susceptibility-weighted imaging were evaluated in all masses. The rates of macroscopic fat and hemorrhage observed between benign and malignant masses were compared by a χ test. All masses found to contain macroscopic fat with or without hemorrhage were considered to be benign. The remaining masses (without macroscopic fat) found not to contain hemorrhage were considered to be benign. Only those found to contain hemorrhage alone were considered to be malignant. The evaluation indexes for differentiating and forecasting the benign and malignant masses were calculated.Significant differences in the rate of macroscopic fat (observed in 85.42% of benign masses vs. 0% of malignant masses) and hemorrhage (observed in 4.17% of benign masses vs. 95.19% of malignant masses) were measured in the benign and malignant groups (P < 0.005, for both). The 41 masses containing macroscopic fat with or without hemorrhage and 11 masses containing neither macroscopic fat nor hemorrhage were considered to be benign. The 100 masses containing no macroscopic fat and only hemorrhage were considered to be malignant. By combining the results for the macroscopic fat and hemorrhage, the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity in the differential diagnosis of the benign and malignant masses were 96.05%, 95.19%, and 97.92%, respectively, and the accuracy and error rate of forecasting the benign and malignant masses were 95.39% and 4.61%, respectively.Combining the detection intratumoral macroscopic fat and hemorrhage can be used to differentiate the benign from malignant solid renal masses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sun
- From the Department of Radiology (JS, WX, JC); Department of Urology (ZX, MF); Department of Pathology (TC), Affiliated Third Hospital of Suzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Radiology (LZ, ZZ), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Department of Radiology (LZ), Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center (ZZ), Northwestern University Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Kurz FT, Freitag M, Schlemmer HP, Bendszus M, Ziener CH. Grundlagen und Anwendungen der suszeptibilitätsgewichteten Bildgebung. Radiologe 2016; 56:124-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s00117-015-0069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Haacke EM, Liu S, Buch S, Zheng W, Wu D, Ye Y. Quantitative susceptibility mapping: current status and future directions. Magn Reson Imaging 2014; 33:1-25. [PMID: 25267705 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is a new technique for quantifying magnetic susceptibility. It has already found various applications in quantifying in vivo iron content, calcifications and changes in venous oxygen saturation. The accuracy of susceptibility mapping is dependent on several factors. In this review, we evaluate the entire process of QSM from data acquisition to individual data processing steps. We also show preliminary results of several new concepts introduced in this review in an attempt to improve the quality and accuracy for certain steps. The uncertainties in estimating susceptibility differences using susceptibility maps, phase images, and T2* maps are analyzed and compared. Finally, example clinical applications are presented. We conclude that QSM holds great promise in quantifying iron and becoming a standard clinical tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mark Haacke
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Saifeng Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sagar Buch
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Weili Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Dongmei Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongquan Ye
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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Danhier P, De Preter G, Magat J, Godechal Q, Porporato PE, Jordan BF, Feron O, Sonveaux P, Gallez B. Multimodal cell tracking of a spontaneous metastasis model: comparison between MRI, electron paramagnetic resonance and bioluminescence. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2014; 9:143-53. [PMID: 24523059 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
MRI cell tracking is a promising technique for tracking various cell types in living animals. Usually, cells are incubated with iron oxides so that the particles are taken up before the cells are injected in vivo. In the present study, we aimed to monitor migration of luciferase-expressing mouse renal cancer cells (RENCA-luc) after intrarenal or intrasplenic injection. These cells were labelled using Molday Ion Rhodamine B (MIRB) fluorescent superparamagnetic iron oxide particles. Their fate after injection was first assessed using ex vivo X-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. This biodistribution study showed that RENCA-luc cells quickly colonized the lungs and the liver after intrarenal and intrasplenic injection, respectively. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) studies confirmed that this cell line preferentially metastasized to these organs. Early tracking of labelled RENCA-luc cells in the liver using high-field MRI (11.7 T) was not feasible because of a lack of sensitivity. MRI of MIRB-labelled RENCA-luc cells after injection in the left kidney was then performed. T2 - and T2 *-weighted images showed that the labelled cells induced hypointense signals at the injection site. Nevertheless, the hypointense regions tended to disappear after several days, mainly owing to dilution of the MIRB iron oxides with cell proliferation. In conclusion, EPR is well adapted to ex vivo analysis of tissues after cell tracking experiments and allows short-term monitoring of metastasizing cells. MRI is a suitable tool for checking labelled cells at their injection site, but dilution of the iron oxides owing to cell division remains a major limitation. BLI remains the most suitable technique for long-term monitoring of metastatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Danhier
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Dai Y, Dong S, Zhu M, Wu D, Zhong Y. Visualizing cerebral veins in fetal brain using susceptibility-weighted MRI. Clin Radiol 2014; 69:e392-7. [PMID: 25060932 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM To explore the feasibility of two-dimensional (2D) susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) in the visualization of cerebral veins in the foetal brain. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-two pregnant healthy women (gestational age: 19-37 weeks, mean: 28.5 ± 7.1 weeks) underwent SWI examination using a 1.5 T MRI system. Two neurologists independently analysed all magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. The relationship between the veins detected and the gestational age was investigated. The prominence of veins was assessed using a categorical score. RESULTS In total, 167 veins were detected by SWI in 29 subjects with a symmetric hemisphere distribution (p > 0.05). An additional vein was detected by SWI biweekly from 24 weeks of gestation. Most veins of Galen and internal cerebral veins on SWI images were prominent, whereas others were faint or moderate. CONCLUSION SWI appears to be a feasible method of detecting cerebral veins in the foetal brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Dai
- Philips Healthcare, People's Republic of China
| | - S Dong
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, People's Republic of China
| | - M Zhu
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, People's Republic of China.
| | - D Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Zhong
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, People's Republic of China
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Chen J, Ding J, Dai Y, Xing W, Sun J, Zhang Z, Xuan Y, Pilli V, Haacke EM, Hu J. Assessment of intratumoral micromorphology for patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma using susceptibility-weighted imaging. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65866. [PMID: 23755287 PMCID: PMC3675045 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple treatment options exist for the management of renal cell carcinomas. Preoperative evaluation of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CRCC) grades is important for deciding upon the appropriate method of therapy. We hypothesize that susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) is sensitive enough to detect intratumoral microvessles and microbleeding in renal cell carcinoma, which can be used to grade CRCC. Material and Methods Retrospective reviews of 37 patients with pathologically proven CRCCs were evaluated. All patients underwent SWI examinations. The characteristics of intratumoral susceptibility signal intensity (ITSS) includes the likelihood of the presence of ITSS, morphology of ITSS, dominant structure of ITSS and ratio of ITSS area to tumor area, which were all assessed on SWI. The results were compared using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test. Results ITSS was seen in all patients except 4 patients with low-grade CRCCs. There was no significant difference between low and high-grade CRCCs when looking at the likelihood of the presence of ITSS. There was a significant difference in the mean score of dominant structures between low and high-grade CRCCs. Specifically, more dominant vascular structures and less hemorrhage were seen in low-grade tumors (2.15±1.05) compared to high-grade tumors (1.27±0.47) (P<0.005). The ratio of ITSS area to tumor area was also significantly higher for the high-grade group (1.55±0.52) than that for the low-grade group (0.88±0.43) on SWI (P<0.005). Conclusion SWI is useful for grading CRCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Third Hospital of Suzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jiule Ding
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Third Hospital of Suzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongming Dai
- Siemens Healthcare China, MR Collaboration NE Asia, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xing
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Third Hospital of Suzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail: (WX); (JH)
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Third Hospital of Suzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zishu Zhang
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Yang Xuan
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Vasuki Pilli
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - E. Mark Haacke
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jiani Hu
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (WX); (JH)
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