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You J, Xue H, Chao C, Zhang Z, Tan X, Wang X, Li H. Histone Methyltransferase SUV39H2 Supports Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cell Metastasis by Regulation of SIRT1. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38994737 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor with high metastatic features originating from the nasopharynx. However, the underlying mechanism of Suppressor of variegation 3-9 homolog 2 (SUV39H2) in NPC remains poorly understood. RT-qPCR was carried out to examine SUV39H2 and SIRT1 expression in NPC tissues and cells. Kaplan-Meier method was utilized to evaluate the association between SUV39H2 level and overall survival. The function of SUV39H2 and SIRT1 in NPC cell viability, metastasis, and apoptosis was tested through CCK-8, transwell, and flow cytometry experiments. Here, it was uncovered that SUV39H2 level was augmented in NPC tissues and cells. Moreover, SUV39H2 expedited NPC cell viability, metastasis, and inhibited apoptosis, while SIRT1 addition reversed these impacts. Besides, SUV39H2 induced H3K9me3 enhancement to repress SIRT1 transcription via binding to SIRT1 promoter. Collectively, our results demonstrated upregulated SUV39H2 aggravated NPC tumorigenesis through SIRT1, which may offer a potential therapeutic target for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang You
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixiang Xue
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Changjiang Chao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixuan Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoye Tan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoye Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Lujan DA, Ochoa JL, Beswick EJ, Howard TA, Hathaway HJ, Perrone-Bizzozero NI, Hartley RS. Cold-Inducible RNA Binding Protein Impedes Breast Tumor Growth in the PyMT Murine Model for Breast Cancer. Biomedicines 2024; 12:340. [PMID: 38397942 PMCID: PMC10886683 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
RNA binding proteins (RBPs) post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by associating with regulatory sequences in the untranslated regions of mRNAs. Cold-inducible RBP (CIRP) is a stress-induced RBP that was recently shown to modulate inflammation in response to cellular stress, where it increases or decreases pro-tumorigenic (proinflammatory) cytokines in different contexts. CIRP expression is altered in several cancers, including breast cancer, but the effects of CIRP on inflammation in breast cancer is not known. Here, we investigate if CIRP alters growth and the inflammatory profile of breast tumors. Transgenic mice overexpressing CIRP in the mammary epithelium were crossed with the PyMT mouse model of breast cancer, and the effects on both early and late tumorigenesis and inflammation were assessed. The effects of CIRP knockdown were also assessed in Py2T cell grafts. Overexpression of CIRP led to decreased tumorigenesis in the PyMT mouse model. Conversely, the knockdown of CIRP in Py2T cell grafts led to increased tumor growth. Luminex cytokine assays assessed the effects on the inflammatory environment. CIRP/PyMT mammary glands/mammary tumors and serum had decreased cytokines that promote inflammation, angiogenesis, and metastasis compared to PyMT mammary glands and serum, documenting a shift towards an environment less supportive of tumorigenesis. CIRP overexpression also decreased CD4+ helper T cells and increased CD8+ cytotoxic T cells in mammary tumors. Overall, these data support a role for CIRP as a potent antitumor molecule that suppresses both local and systemic pro-tumorigenic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Lujan
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (D.A.L.); (J.L.O.); (T.A.H.); (H.J.H.)
| | - Joey L. Ochoa
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (D.A.L.); (J.L.O.); (T.A.H.); (H.J.H.)
| | - Ellen J. Beswick
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40506, USA;
| | - Tamara A. Howard
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (D.A.L.); (J.L.O.); (T.A.H.); (H.J.H.)
| | - Helen J. Hathaway
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (D.A.L.); (J.L.O.); (T.A.H.); (H.J.H.)
| | - Nora I. Perrone-Bizzozero
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
| | - Rebecca S. Hartley
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (D.A.L.); (J.L.O.); (T.A.H.); (H.J.H.)
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Liu X, Liu X, Mao W, Guo Y, Bai N, Jin L, Shou Q, Fu H. Tetrastigma polysaccharide reprogramming of tumor-associated macrophages via PPARγ signaling pathway to play antitumor activity in breast cancer. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 314:116645. [PMID: 37196813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tetrastigma Hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg (SYQ) is a typical She ethnomedicine that has been used in anti-tumor treatment in Chinese folklore. The polysaccharide of SYQ (SYQ-PA) has been reported to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, but the effect and mechanism on antitumor is still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the activity and mechanism of SYQ-PA against breast cancer in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, different stages of MMTV-PYMT mice, which at 4-week-old and 8-week-old representative the transition from hyperplasia to late carcinoma, were used to investigate the potential effect of SYQ-PA of breast cancer development in vivo. The mechanism was explored with IL4/13-induced peritoneal macrophages model. Flow cytometry assay was employed to analysis the change of tumor microenvironment and the macrophages typing. The inhibition of the condition medium from macrophages on breast cancer cells was detected with xCELLigence system detection. The inflammation factors were tested with cytometric bead array. Co-culture system was used to detect the cell migration and invasion. In addition, the underlying mechanism was investigated using RNAseq analysis, Q-PCR and Western blot, and the PPARγ inhibitor was used to verify the mechanism. RESULTS SYQ-PA significantly attenuated the process of breast primary tumor growth and reduced the infiltration of TAMs accompanied promoting the polarization of M1 phenotype in MMTV-PyMT mice. Then in vitro studies showed that SYQ-PA promoted macrophages polarization form IL4/13 induced M2 toward to the anti-tumor M1 phenotypes, and the conditioned medium (CM) from the induced macrophages inhibited the proliferation of breast cancer cells. At the same time, SYQ-PA treated macrophages inhibited the migration and invasion of 4T1 in the co-culture system. Further results indicated that SYQ-PA suppressed the release of anti-inflammatory factors and promoted the production of inflammatory cytokines which may induce M1 macrophage polarization and inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation. Subsequently, the underlying mechanism analysis based on RNAseq and molecular assays indicated that SYQ-PA inhibited PPARγ expression and regulated downstream NF-κB in macrophages. After treated with PPARγ inhibitor, T0070907, the effect of SYQ-PA was decreased, or even disappeared. As the downstream, the expression of β-catenin was also inhibited obviously, those above all contribute the process of SYQ-PA induced M1 macrophages polarization. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, SYQ-PA was observed inhibited breast cancer, at least in part, via PPARγ activation- and β-catenin-mediated M2 macrophages polarization. These data expound the antitumor effect and mechanism of SYQ-PA, and provide a possible that SYQ-PA can be used as an adjuvant drug for macrophage tumor immunotherapy in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liu
- Second Clinical Medical School, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Sexual Function of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Xianli Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Weiye Mao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Yingxue Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Ningning Bai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Lu Jin
- Second Clinical Medical School, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Sexual Function of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Qiyang Shou
- Second Clinical Medical School, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Sexual Function of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China; Jinghua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jinhua, 321000, China.
| | - Huiying Fu
- Second Clinical Medical School, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Sexual Function of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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Loh AHP, Angelina C, Wong MK, Tan SH, Sukhatme SA, Yeo T, Lim SB, Lee YT, Soh SY, Leung W, Chang KTE, Chua YW, Alkaff SMF, Lim TKH, Lim CT, Chen ZX. Pro-metastatic and mesenchymal gene expression signatures characterize circulating tumor cells of neuroblastoma patients with bone marrow metastases and relapse. Front Oncol 2022; 12:939460. [PMID: 36176417 PMCID: PMC9513238 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.939460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing marker-based methods of minimal residual disease (MRD) determination in neuroblastoma do not effectively enrich for the circulating disease cell population. Given the relative size differential of neuroblastoma tumor cells over normal hematogenous cells, we hypothesized that cell size-based separation could enrich circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood samples and disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) from bone marrow aspirates (BMA) of neuroblastoma patients, and that their gene expression profiles could vary dynamically with various disease states over the course of treatment. Using a spiral microfluidic chip, peripheral blood of 17 neuroblastoma patients at 3 serial treatment timepoints (diagnosis, n=17; post-chemotherapy, n=11; and relapse, n=3), and bone marrow samples at diagnosis were enriched for large intact circulating cells. Profiling the resulting enriched samples with immunohistochemistry and mRNA expression of 1490 cancer-related genes via NanoString, 13 of 17 samples contained CTCs displaying cytologic atypia, TH and PHOX2B expression and/or upregulation of cancer-associated genes. Gene signatures reflecting pro-metastatic processes and the neuroblastoma mesenchymal super-enhancer state were consistently upregulated in 7 of 13 samples, 6 of which also had metastatic high-risk disease. Expression of 8 genes associated with PI3K and GCPR signaling were significantly upregulated in CTCs of patients with bone marrow metastases versus patients without. Correspondingly, in patients with marrow metastases, differentially-expressed gene signatures reflected upregulation of immune regulation in bone marrow DTCs versus paired CTCs samples. In patients who later developed disease relapse, 5 genes involved in immune cell regulation, JAK/STAT signaling and the neuroblastoma mesenchymal super-enhancer state (OLFML2B, STAT1, ARHGDIB, STAB1, TLR2) were upregulated in serial CTC samples over their disease course, despite urinary catecholamines and bone marrow aspirates not indicating the disease recurrences. In summary, using a label-free cell size-based separation method, we enriched and characterized intact circulating cells in peripheral blood indicative of neuroblastoma CTCs, as well as their DTC counterparts in the bone marrow. Expression profiles of pro-metastatic genes in CTCs correlated with the presence of bone marrow metastases at diagnosis, while longitudinal profiling identified persistently elevated expression of genes in CTCs that may serve as novel predictive markers of hematogenous MRD in neuroblastoma patients that subsequently relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos H. P. Loh
- VIVA-KKH Paediatric Brain and Solid Tumour Programme, Children’s Blood and Cancer Centre, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Clara Angelina
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Meng Kang Wong
- VIVA-KKH Paediatric Brain and Solid Tumour Programme, Children’s Blood and Cancer Centre, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sheng Hui Tan
- VIVA-KKH Paediatric Brain and Solid Tumour Programme, Children’s Blood and Cancer Centre, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sarvesh A. Sukhatme
- Mechanobiology Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Trifanny Yeo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Su Bin Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - York Tien Lee
- VIVA-KKH Paediatric Brain and Solid Tumour Programme, Children’s Blood and Cancer Centre, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shui Yen Soh
- VIVA-KKH Paediatric Brain and Solid Tumour Programme, Children’s Blood and Cancer Centre, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatric Subspecialties Haematology/Oncology Service, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wing Leung
- VIVA-KKH Paediatric Brain and Solid Tumour Programme, Children’s Blood and Cancer Centre, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatric Subspecialties Haematology/Oncology Service, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kenneth T. E. Chang
- VIVA-KKH Paediatric Brain and Solid Tumour Programme, Children’s Blood and Cancer Centre, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yong Wei Chua
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Syed M. F. Alkaff
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tony K. H. Lim
- Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhi Xiong Chen
- VIVA-KKH Paediatric Brain and Solid Tumour Programme, Children’s Blood and Cancer Centre, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Zhi Xiong Chen,
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Jin L, Guo Y, Mao W, Wang J, Jin L, Liu X, Shou Q, Fu H. Total glucosides of paeony inhibit breast cancer growth by inhibiting TAMs infiltration through NF-κB/CCL2 signaling. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 104:154307. [PMID: 35841664 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The high density of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and inflammatory factors are crucial elements leading to tumor immune tolerance. Previously, we found that total glucosides of paeony (TGP) have strong inhibitory effects on the release of various inflammatory factors; however, it is unclear whether the inhibitory effects can improve the inflammatory microenvironment of tumors. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the mechanism via which TGP depresses tumor growth and metastasis via modulation of TAM infiltration in breast cancer. METHODS We assessed the effects of TGP on various mouse models of tumor. Lung metastasis was detected using hematoxylin and eosin staining. T cell (CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+) effector and memory subsets, and TAM (CD45+CD11b+F4/80+) populations in the tumor microenvironment (TME) were examined using flow cytometry. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage experiments were used to investigate the TGP anti-inflammatory effects in vitro. Furthermore, conditional medium (CM) was added to detect 4T1 breast cancer cell growth using a Real-Time Cell Analyzer (RTCA) xCELLigence system. Inflammatory cytokine and chemokine levels were measured using cytometric bead array (CBA) kits and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). NF-κB expression in the nucleus was examined by immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis. RESULTS TGP suppressed tumor growth and lung metastasis, decreased CD45+CD11b+F4/80+ (TAMs) population obviously, and increased CD44LowCD62LHi (T memory stem cells) and CD44HiCD62LHi (central memory cells) populations in the tumor-infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In addition, TGP reduced inflammatory factor levels in tumors, thus inhibiting the infiltration of TAMs to improve the inflammation immunosuppressive microenvironment. In the in vitro experiment, TGP inhibited IL-10 and C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 (CCL2) secretion and mRNA expression in LPS-stimulated macrophages to inhibit 4T1 cell growth and restrain macrophages M2 polarization. In addition, TGP can directly inhibit 4T1 cell proliferation by restraining autocrine CCL2 and IL-10. Further mechanistic studies reavealed that TGP inhibited CCL2 secretion by inhibiting NF-κB accumulation in the nucleus in macrophages. CONCLUSION TGP reduced TAM recruitment mainly through the NF-κB/CCL2 signaling pathway, thereby promoting T cell infiltration in the TME. TGP has a unique advantage in balancing the inflammatory response. Furthermore, our results present novel insights on the mechanisms underlying TAM infiltration that were inhibited by TGP, with potential application in development of novel therapies targeting CCL2 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Jin
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Sexual function of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yingxue Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310005, China
| | - Weiye Mao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310005, China
| | - Jingwei Wang
- Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310005, China
| | - Lushuai Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310005, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Sexual function of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Qiyang Shou
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Sexual function of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China; School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310005, China.
| | - Huiying Fu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Sexual function of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China; School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310005, China.
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Yu J, Mu Q, Fung M, Xu X, Zhu L, Ho RJY. Challenges and opportunities in metastatic breast cancer treatments: Nano-drug combinations delivered preferentially to metastatic cells may enhance therapeutic response. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 236:108108. [PMID: 34999182 PMCID: PMC9256851 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in breast cancer treatments and related 5-year survival outcomes, metastatic breast cancer cures remain elusive. The current standard of care includes a combination of surgery, radiation therapy and drug therapy. However, even the most advanced procedures and treatments do not prevent breast cancer recurrence and metastasis. Once metastasis occurs, patient prognosis is poor. Recent elucidation of the spatiotemporal transit of metastatic cancer cells from primary tumor sites to distant sites provide an opportunity to integrate knowledge of drug disposition in our effort to enhance drug localization and exposure in cancer laden tissues . Novel technologies have been developed, but could be further refined to facilitate the distribution of drugs to target cancer cells and tissues. The purpose of this review is to highlight the challenges in metastatic breast cancer treatment and focus on novel drug combination and nanotechnology approaches to overcome the challenges. With improved definition of metastatic tissue target, directed localization and retention of multiple, pharmacologically active drugs to tissues and cells of interest may overcome the limitations in breast cancer treatment that may lead to a cure for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Qingxin Mu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Millie Fung
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Linxi Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Rodney J Y Ho
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Zhang W, Dong Y, Sartor O, Zhang K. Deciphering the Increased Prevalence of TP53 Mutations in Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Cancer Inform 2022; 21:11769351221087046. [PMID: 35392296 PMCID: PMC8980432 DOI: 10.1177/11769351221087046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of TP53 mutations in advanced prostate cancers (PCa) is 3 to 5 times of the quantity in primary PCa. By an integrative analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas and Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer data, we revealed the supporting evidence for 2 complementary hypotheses: H1 - TP53 abnormalities promote metastasis or therapy-resistance of PCa cells, and H2—part of TP53 mutations in PCa metastases occur after the diagnosis of original cancers. The plausibility of these hypotheses can explain the increased prevalence of TP53 mutations in PCa metastases. With H1 and H2 as the general assumptions, we developed mathematical models to decipher the change of the percentage frequency (prevalence) of TP53 mutations from primary tumors to metastases. The following results were obtained. Compared to TP53-normal patients, TP53-mutated patients had poorer biochemical relapse-free survival, higher Gleason scores, and more advanced t-stages (P < .01). Single-nucleotide variants in metastases more frequently occurred on G bases of the coding sequence than those in primary cancers (P = .03). The profile of TP53 hotspot mutations was significantly different between primary and metastatic PCa as demonstrated in a set of statistical tests (P < .05). By the derived formulae, we estimated that about 40% TP53 mutation records collected from metastases occurred after the diagnosis of the original cancers. Our study provided significant insight into PCa progression. The proposed models can also be applied to decipher the prevalence of mutations on TP53 (or other driver genes) in other cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Zhang
- Bioinformatics Core of Xavier NIH RCMI Center of Cancer Research, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Oliver Sartor
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kun Zhang
- Bioinformatics Core of Xavier NIH RCMI Center of Cancer Research, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Liu Y, Qi C, Zheng L, Li J, Wang L, Yang Y. 1H-NMR based metabolic study of MMTV-PyMT mice along with pathological progress to screen biomarkers for the early diagnosis of breast cancer. Mol Omics 2022; 18:167-177. [DOI: 10.1039/d1mo00387a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study showed the common metabolic changes between BC patients and mice, which were related to pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, P. R. China
| | - Cuiling Qi
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Lingyun Zheng
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jiangchao Li
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Lijing Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yongxia Yang
- Pharmacy Information Engineering Department, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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9
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Biofabrication of advanced in vitro and ex vivo cancer models for disease modeling and drug screening. FUTURE DRUG DISCOVERY 2021. [DOI: 10.4155/fdd-2020-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioengineered in vitro models have advanced from 2D cultures and simple 3D cell aggregates to more complex organoids and organ-on-a-chip platforms. This shift has been substantial in cancer research; while simple systems remain in use, multi-tissue type tumor and tissue chips and patient-derived tumor organoids have grown rapidly. These more advanced models offer new tools to cancer researchers based on human tumor physiology and the potential for interactions with nontumor tissue physiology while avoiding critical differences between human and animal biology. In this focused review, the authors discuss the importance of organoid and organ-on-a-chip platforms, with a particular focus on modeling cancer, to highlight oncology-focused in vitro model platform technologies that improve upon the simple 2D cultures and 3D spheroid models of the past.
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10
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Li B, Zheng Y, Yang L. The Oncogenic Potential of SUV39H2: A Comprehensive and Perspective View. J Cancer 2019; 10:721-729. [PMID: 30719171 PMCID: PMC6360419 DOI: 10.7150/jca.28254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications at the histone level have attracted significant attention because of their roles in tumorigenesis. Suppressor of variegation 3-9 homolog 2 (SUV39H2, also known as KMT1B) is a member of the SUV39 subfamily of lysine methyltransferases (KMTs) that plays a significant role in histone H3-K9 di-/tri-methylation, transcriptional regulation and cell cycle. Overexpressions of SUV39H2 at gene, mRNA and protein levels are known to be associated with a range of cancers: leukemia, lymphomas, lung cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, hepatocellular cancer and so on. Accumulating evidence indicates that SUV39H2 acts as an oncogene and contributes to the initiation and progression of cancers. It could, therefore, be a promising target for anti-cancer treatment. In this review, we focus on the dysregulation of SUV39H2 in cancers, including its clinical prognostic predictor role, molecular mechanism involved in cancer occurrence and development, relevant inhibitors against cancer, and its epigenetic modification interaction with immunotherapy. A better understanding of the SUV39H2 will be beneficial to the development of molecular-targeted therapies in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baihui Li
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
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11
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Aleman J, Skardal A. A multi-site metastasis-on-a-chip microphysiological system for assessing metastatic preference of cancer cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 116:936-944. [PMID: 30450540 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic disease remains one of the primary reasons for cancer-related deaths, yet the majority of in vitro cancer models focus on the primary tumor sites. Here, we describe a metastasis-on-a-chip device that houses multiple bioengineered three-dimensional (3D) organoids, established by a 3D photopatterning technique employing extracellular matrix-derived hydrogel biomaterials. Specifically, cancer cells begin in colorectal cancer (CRC) organoid, which resides in a single microfluidic chamber connected to multiple downstream chambers in which liver, lung, and endothelial constructs are housed. Under recirculating fluid flow, tumor cells grow in the primary site, eventually enter circulation, and can be tracked via fluorescent imaging. Importantly, we describe that in the current version of this platform, HCT116 CRC cells preferentially home to the liver and lung constructs; the corresponding organs of which CRC metastases arise the most in human patients. We believe that in subsequent studies this platform can be implemented to better understand the mechanisms underlying metastasis, perhaps resulting in the identification of targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Aleman
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Aleksander Skardal
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Translational Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Comprehensive Cancer Center at Wake Forest Baptist Medical, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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12
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Bell R, Barraclough R, Vasieva O. Gene Expression Meta-Analysis of Potential Metastatic Breast Cancer Markers. Curr Mol Med 2018; 17:200-210. [PMID: 28782484 PMCID: PMC5748874 DOI: 10.2174/1566524017666170807144946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer metastasis is a highly prevalent cause of death for European females. DNA microarray analysis has established that primary tumors, which remain localized, differ in gene expression from those that metastasize. Cross-analysis of these studies allow to revile the differences that may be used as predictive in the disease prognosis and therapy. Objective: The aim of the project was to validate suggested prognostic and therapeutic markers using meta-analysis of data on gene expression in metastatic and primary breast cancer tumors. Method: Data on relative gene expression values from 12 studies on primary breast cancer and breast cancer metastasis were retrieved from Genevestigator (Nebion) database. The results of the data meta-analysis were compared with results of literature mining for suggested metastatic breast cancer markers and vectors and consistency of their reported differential expression. Results: Our analysis suggested that transcriptional expression of the COX2 gene is significantly downregulated in metastatic tissue compared to normal breast tissue, but is not downregulated in primary tumors compared with normal breast tissue and may be used as a differential marker in metastatic breast cancer diagnostics. RRM2 gene expression decreases in metastases when compared to primary breast cancer and could be suggested as a marker to trace breast cancer evolution. Our study also supports MMP1, VCAM1, FZD3, VEGFC, FOXM1 and MUC1 as breast cancer onset markers, as these genes demonstrate significant differential expression in breast neoplasms compared with normal breast tissue. Conclusion: COX2 and RRM2 are suggested to be prominent markers for breast cancer metastasis. The crosstalk between upstream regulators of genes differentially expressed in primary breast tumors and metastasis also suggests pathways involving p53, ER1, ERB-B2, TNF and WNT, as the most promising regulators that may be considered for new complex drug therapeutic interventions in breast cancer metastatic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bell
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB. United Kingdom
| | - R Barraclough
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB. United Kingdom
| | - O Vasieva
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB. United Kingdom
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13
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Gaston J, Cheradame L, Yvonnet V, Deas O, Poupon MF, Judde JG, Cairo S, Goffin V. Intracellular STING inactivation sensitizes breast cancer cells to genotoxic agents. Oncotarget 2018; 7:77205-77224. [PMID: 27791205 PMCID: PMC5363581 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the IFN/STAT1 pathway is closely associated with drug response and recurrence of breast cancer treated by chemotherapy. The aim of the current study was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved upstream and downstream of this pathway in order to identify distinct entities that might be manipulated to improve treatment efficacy. Four breast cancer cell lines (T-47D, MCF7, MDA-MB-231 and HBCx-19 established from the eponymous PDX) were treated in vitro with mafosfamide, a DNA damage inducer. In two of these cell lines (MCF7 and HBCx-19), genotoxic treatment upregulated type I IFN expression leading to paracrine activation of IFN/STAT1 signaling pathway after 6–8 days. We show that STING, a well-characterized inducer of IFN in immune cells, is rapidly triggered in MCF7 cells under genotoxic stress and forms nuclear foci that co-localize with phosphorylated IRF-3 and γH2AX. STING silencing abrogated chemotherapy-induced type I IFN production and signaling and potentiated genotoxic treatment efficacy as it promoted cell death extent and delayed cell colony regrowth. Similar results were obtained after silencing PARP12, one selected gene of the IFN/STAT1 pathway fingerprint. In summary, this study provides the first demonstration of STING activation in breast cancer cells. Our data suggest that genotoxic-induced, STING-mediated type I IFN signaling is a cell-intrinsic mechanism of breast cancer cell survival and regrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Gaston
- Inserm, U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), University Paris Descartes, Faculty of Medicine, Paris, France.,XenTech, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Laura Cheradame
- Inserm, U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), University Paris Descartes, Faculty of Medicine, Paris, France.,XenTech, 91000 Evry, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Stefano Cairo
- XenTech, 91000 Evry, France.,LTTA Center, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Vincent Goffin
- Inserm, U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), University Paris Descartes, Faculty of Medicine, Paris, France
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14
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Klintman M, Buus R, Cheang MCU, Sheri A, Smith IE, Dowsett M. Changes in Expression of Genes Representing Key Biologic Processes after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer, and Prognostic Implications in Residual Disease. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 22:2405-16. [PMID: 27179111 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary aim was to derive evidence for or against the clinical importance of several biologic processes in patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) by assessing expression of selected genes with prior implications in prognosis or treatment resistance. The secondary aim was to determine the prognostic impact in residual disease of the genes' expression. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Expression levels of 24 genes were quantified by NanoString nCounter on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded residual tumors from 126 patients treated with NAC and 56 paired presurgical biopsies. The paired t test was used for testing changes in gene expression, and Cox regression and penalized elastic-net Cox Regression for estimating HRs. RESULTS After NAC, 12 genes were significantly up- and 8 downregulated. Fourteen genes were significantly associated with time to recurrence in univariable analysis in residual disease. In a multivariable model, ACACB, CD3D, MKI67, and TOP2A added prognostic value independent of clinical ER(-), PgR(-), and HER2(-) status. In ER(+)/HER2(-) patients, ACACB, PAWR, and ERBB2 predicted outcome, whereas CD3D and PAWR were prognostic in ER(-)/HER2(-) patients. By use of elastic-net analysis, a 6-gene signature (ACACB, CD3D, DECORIN, ESR1, MKI67, PLAU) was identified adding prognostic value independent of ER, PgR, and HER2. CONCLUSIONS Most of the tested genes were significantly enriched or depleted in response to NAC. Expression levels of genes representing proliferation, stromal activation, metabolism, apoptosis, stemcellness, immunologic response, and Ras-ERK activation predicted outcome in residual disease. The multivariable gene models identified could, if validated, be used to identify patients needing additional post-neoadjuvant treatment to improve prognosis. Clin Cancer Res; 22(10); 2405-16. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Klintman
- Academic Department of Biochemistry, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom. Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Richard Buus
- Academic Department of Biochemistry, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom. Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maggie Chon U Cheang
- Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amna Sheri
- Breast Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian E Smith
- Breast Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mitch Dowsett
- Academic Department of Biochemistry, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom. Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom. Breast Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Mazzocchi A, Soker S, Skardal A. Biofabrication Technologies for Developing In Vitro Tumor Models. CANCER DRUG DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-60511-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Elgqvist J. Nanoparticles as Theranostic Vehicles in Experimental and Clinical Applications-Focus on Prostate and Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1102. [PMID: 28531102 PMCID: PMC5455010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate and breast cancer are the second most and most commonly diagnosed cancer in men and women worldwide, respectively. The American Cancer Society estimates that during 2016 in the USA around 430,000 individuals were diagnosed with one of these two types of cancers, and approximately 15% of them will die from the disease. In Europe, the rate of incidences and deaths are similar to those in the USA. Several different more or less successful diagnostic and therapeutic approaches have been developed and evaluated in order to tackle this issue and thereby decrease the death rates. By using nanoparticles as vehicles carrying both diagnostic and therapeutic molecular entities, individualized targeted theranostic nanomedicine has emerged as a promising option to increase the sensitivity and the specificity during diagnosis, as well as the likelihood of survival or prolonged survival after therapy. This article presents and discusses important and promising different kinds of nanoparticles, as well as imaging and therapy options, suitable for theranostic applications. The presentation of different nanoparticles and theranostic applications is quite general, but there is a special focus on prostate cancer. Some references and aspects regarding breast cancer are however also presented and discussed. Finally, the prostate cancer case is presented in more detail regarding diagnosis, staging, recurrence, metastases, and treatment options available today, followed by possible ways to move forward applying theranostics for both prostate and breast cancer based on promising experiments performed until today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörgen Elgqvist
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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17
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Askew EB, Bai S, Parris AB, Minges JT, Wilson EM. Androgen receptor regulation by histone methyltransferase Suppressor of variegation 3-9 homolog 2 and Melanoma antigen-A11. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 443:42-51. [PMID: 28042025 PMCID: PMC5303141 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) transcriptional activity depends on interactions between the AR NH2-terminal region and transcriptional coregulators. A yeast two-hybrid screen of a human testis library using predicted α-helical NH2-terminal fragment AR-(370-420) as bait identified suppressor of variegation 3-9 homolog 2 (SUV39H2) histone methyltransferase as an AR interacting protein. SUV39H2 interaction with AR and the AR coregulator, melanoma antigen-A11 (MAGE-A11), was verified in two-hybrid, in vitro glutathione S-transferase affinity matrix and coimmunoprecipitation assays. Fluorescent immunocytochemistry colocalized SUV39H2 and AR in the cytoplasm without androgen, in the nucleus with androgen, and with MAGE-A11 in the nucleus independent of androgen. Chromatin immunoprecipitation using antibodies raised against SUV39H2 demonstrated androgen-dependent recruitment of AR and SUV39H2 to the androgen-responsive upstream enhancer of the prostate-specific antigen gene. SUV39H2 functioned cooperatively with MAGE-A11 to increase androgen-dependent AR transcriptional activity. SUV39H2 histone methyltransferase is an AR coactivator that increases androgen-dependent transcriptional activity through interactions with AR and MAGE-A11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily B Askew
- Laboratories for Reproductive Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Suxia Bai
- Laboratories for Reproductive Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Amanda B Parris
- Laboratories for Reproductive Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - John T Minges
- Laboratories for Reproductive Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Elizabeth M Wilson
- Laboratories for Reproductive Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
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18
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Cai Y, Nogales-Cadenas R, Zhang Q, Lin JR, Zhang W, O’Brien K, Montagna C, Zhang ZD. Transcriptomic dynamics of breast cancer progression in the MMTV-PyMT mouse model. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:185. [PMID: 28212608 PMCID: PMC5316186 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3563-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant breast cancer with complex molecular mechanisms of progression and metastasis remains a leading cause of death in women. To improve diagnosis and drug development, it is critical to identify panels of genes and molecular pathways involved in tumor progression and malignant transition. Using the PyMT mouse, a genetically engineered mouse model that has been widely used to study human breast cancer, we profiled and analyzed gene expression from four distinct stages of tumor progression (hyperplasia, adenoma/MIN, early carcinoma and late carcinoma) during which malignant transition occurs. RESULTS We found remarkable expression similarity among the four stages, meaning genes altered in the later stages showed trace in the beginning of tumor progression. We identified a large number of differentially expressed genes in PyMT samples of all stages compared with normal mammary glands, enriched in cancer-related pathways. Using co-expression networks, we found panels of genes as signature modules with some hub genes that predict metastatic risk. Time-course analysis revealed genes with expression transition when shifting to malignant stages. These may provide additional insight into the molecular mechanisms beyond pathways. CONCLUSIONS Thus, in this study, our various analyses with the PyMT mouse model shed new light on transcriptomic dynamics during breast cancer malignant progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cai
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY USA
| | | | - Quanwei Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY USA
| | - Jhih-Rong Lin
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY USA
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY USA
| | - Kelly O’Brien
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY USA
| | - Cristina Montagna
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY USA
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY USA
| | - Zhengdong D. Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY USA
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19
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Takahashi J, Misawa M, Iwahashi H. Combined treatment with X-ray irradiation and 5-aminolevulinic acid elicits better transcriptomic response of cell cycle-related factors than X-ray irradiation alone. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 92:774-789. [PMID: 27586078 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2016.1230240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a precursor of the photosensitizer protoporphyrin (PpIX) used in photodynamic therapy. In our previous work, PpIX enhanced the generation of reactive oxygen species by X-ray irradiation. In this study, we evaluated the potential of ALA as an endogenous sensitizer to X-ray irradiation. METHODOLOGY Tumor-bearing C57BL/6J mice implanted with B16-BL6 melanoma cells were subsequently treated with irradiation (3 Gy/day for 10 days; total, 30 Gy) plus local administration of 50 mg/kg ALA 24 hours prior to each irradiation (ALA-XT). Tumor-bearing mice without treatment (NT), those treated with ALA only (ALAT), and those treated with X-ray irradiation only (XT) were used as controls. RESULTS ALA potentiated tumor suppression by X-ray irradiation. In microarray analyses using tumor tissue collected after 10 sessions of fractional irradiation, functional analysis revealed that the majority of dysregulated genes in the XT and ALA-XT groups were related to cell-cycle arrest. Finally, the XT and ALA-XT groups differed in the strength of expression, but not in the pattern of expression. CONCLUSIONS mRNA analysis revealed that the combined use of ALA and X-ray irradiation sensitized tumors to X-ray treatment. Furthermore, the present results were consistent with ALA's tumor suppressive effects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Takahashi
- a Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology , Tsukuba , Ibaraki , Japan
| | - Masaki Misawa
- b Human Technology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology , Tsukuba , Ibaraki , Japan
| | - Hitoshi Iwahashi
- c Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences , Gifu University , Gifu , Japan
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20
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Reza MA, Reza MH, Mahdiyeh L, Mehdi F, Hamid ZN. Evaluation Frequency of Merkel Cell Polyoma, Epstein-Barr and Mouse Mammary Tumor Viruses in Patients with Breast Cancer in Kerman, Southeast of Iran. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:7351-7. [PMID: 26514536 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.16.7351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. Roles of the Epstein-Barr, Merkel cell polyoma and mouse mammary tumor viruses in breast carcinogenesis are still controversial although any relationship would clearly be important for breast cancer etiology, early detection and prevention. In the present study associations between EBV, MMTV and Merkel cell polyoma virus and breast cancer in 100 Iranian patients were evaluated using paraffin-embedded tissues. EBER RNA and expression of p53 and large T antigen were evaluated by real time PCR and CD34, p63, HER2, PR and ER markers were studied by immunohistochemistry. EBV was detected in 8/100 (8%), MMTV in 12/100 (12%), MPy in 3/100 (3%) and EBER RNA in 18/100 (18%) cases. None of the control samples demonstrated any of the viruses. p53 was suppressed in EBV, MPy and MMTV positive samples. The large T antigen rate was raised in MPy positive samples. Our results showed that EBV, MMTV and the Merkel cell polyoma virus are foundwith some proportion of breast cancers in our patients, suggesting that these viruses might have a significant role in breast cancer in Kerman, southeast of Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malekpour Afshar Reza
- Kerman University of Medical sciences, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Research Center of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Kerman, Iran E-mail :
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21
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Skardal A, Devarasetty M, Forsythe S, Atala A, Soker S. A reductionist metastasis-on-a-chip platform for in vitro tumor progression modeling and drug screening. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 113:2020-32. [PMID: 26888480 PMCID: PMC5778914 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Current animal and 2-D cell culture models employed in metastasis research and drug discovery remain poor mimics of human cancer physiology. Here we describe a "metastasis-on-a-chip" system allowing real time tracking of fluorescent colon cancer cells migrating from hydrogel-fabricated gut constructs to downstream liver constructs within a circulatory fluidic device system that responds to environmental manipulation and drug treatment. Devices consist of two chambers in which gut and liver constructs are housed independently, but are connected in series via circulating fluid flow. Constructs were biofabricated with a hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel system, capable of a variety of customizations, inside of which representative host tissue cells were suspended and metastatic colon carcinoma tumor foci were created. The host tissue of the constructs expressed normal epithelial markers, which the tumor foci failed to express. Instead, tumor regions lost membrane-bound adhesion markers, and expressed mesenchymal and proliferative markers, suggesting a metastatic phenotype. Metastatic tumor foci grew in size, eventually disseminating from the intestine construct and entering circulation, subsequently reaching in the liver construct, thus mimicking some of the migratory events observed during metastasis. Lastly, we demonstrated the ability to manipulate the system, including chemically modulating the hydrogel system mechanical properties and administering chemotherapeutic agents, and evaluated the effects of these parameters on invasive tumor migration. These results describe the capability of this early stage metastasis-on-a-chip system to model several important characteristics of human metastasis, thereby demonstrating the potential of the platform for making meaningful advances in cancer investigation and drug discovery. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 2020-2032. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Skardal
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157.
| | - Mahesh Devarasetty
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Steven Forsythe
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Shay Soker
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
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22
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Himmel LE, Lustberg MB, DeVries AC, Poi M, Chen CS, Kulp SK. Minocycline, a putative neuroprotectant, co-administered with doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide chemotherapy in a xenograft model of triple-negative breast cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 68:505-515. [PMID: 27555377 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Minocycline is purported to have neuroprotective properties in experimental models of some human neurologic diseases, and has therefore been identified as a putative neuroprotectant for chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI) in breast cancer patients. However, because its mechanism of action is believed to be mediated through anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-oxidant pathways, co-administration of minocycline with chemotherapeutic agents has the potential to reduce the efficacy of anticancer drugs. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of minocycline on the activity of the AC chemotherapeutic regimen (Adriamycin [doxorubicin], Cytoxan [cyclophosphamide]) in in vitro and in vivo models of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Clonogenic and methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assays were used to assess survival and viability in two TNBC cell lines treated with increasing concentrations of AC in the presence or absence of minocycline. Biomarkers of apoptosis, cell stress, and DNA damage were evaluated by western blot. The in vivo effects of AC and minocycline, each alone and in combination, were assessed in a xenograft model of TNBC in female athymic nude mice by weekly tumor volume measurement, body and organ weight measurement, and histopathology. Apoptosis and proliferation were characterized by immunohistochemistry in the xenografts tumors. Brains from tumor-bearing mice were evaluated for microglial activation, glial scars, and the proportion of neural progenitor cells. Data from these in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that minocycline does not diminish the cytotoxic and tumor-suppressive effects of this chemotherapeutic drug combination in TNBC cells. Moreover, minocycline appeared to prevent the reduction in doublecortin-positive neural progenitor cells observed in AC-treated mice. We posit that minocycline may be useful clinically for its reported neuroprotective activity in breast cancer patients receiving AC without loss of chemotherapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Himmel
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Maryam B Lustberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - A Courtney DeVries
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ming Poi
- Division of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ching-Shih Chen
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Samuel K Kulp
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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23
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Wang N, Wang Z, Wang Y, Xie X, Shen J, Peng C, You J, Peng F, Tang H, Guan X, Chen J. Dietary compound isoliquiritigenin prevents mammary carcinogenesis by inhibiting breast cancer stem cells through WIF1 demethylation. Oncotarget 2016; 6:9854-76. [PMID: 25918249 PMCID: PMC4496402 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered as the root of mammary tumorigenesis. Previous studies have demonstrated that ISL efficiently limited the activities of breast CSCs. However, the cancer prevention activities of ISL and its precise molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we report a novel function of ISL as a natural demethylation agent targeting WIF1 to prevent breast cancer. ISL administration suppressed in vivo breast cancer initiation and progression, accompanied by reduced CSC-like populations. A global gene expression profile assay further identified WIF1 as the main response gene of ISL treatment, accompanied by the simultaneous downregulation of β-catenin signaling and G0/G1 phase arrest in breast CSCs. In addition, WIF1 inhibition significantly relieved the CSC-limiting effects of ISL and methylation analysis further revealed that ISL enhanced WIF1 gene expression via promoting the demethylation of its promoter, which was closely correlated with the inhibition of DNMT1 methyltransferase. Molecular docking analysis finally revealed that ISL could stably dock into the catalytic domain of DNMT1. Taken together, our findings not only provide preclinical evidence to demonstrate the use of ISL as a dietary supplement to inhibit mammary carcinogenesis but also shed novel light on WIF1 as an epigenetic target for breast cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neng Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Mammary Disease, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaoming Xie
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangang Shen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Cheng Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Jieshu You
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Fu Peng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hailin Tang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyuan Guan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jianping Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,School of Pharmaceutical Science, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
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24
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Abstract
Metastasis is often modeled by xenotransplantation of cell lines in immunodeficient mice. A wealth of information about tumor cell behavior in the new environment is obtained from these efforts. Yet by design, this approach is "tumor-centric," as it focuses on cell-autonomous determinants of human tumor dissemination in mouse tissues, in effect using the animal body as a sophisticated "Petri dish" providing nutrients and support for tumor growth. Transgenic or gene knockout mouse models of cancer allow the study of tumor spread as a systemic disease and offer a complimentary approach for studying the natural history of cancer. This introduction is aimed at describing the overall methodological approach to studying metastasis in genetically modified mice, with a particular focus on using animals with regulated expression of potent human oncogenes in the breast.
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25
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Legrier ME, Bièche I, Gaston J, Beurdeley A, Yvonnet V, Déas O, Thuleau A, Château-Joubert S, Servely JL, Vacher S, Lassalle M, Depil S, Tucker GC, Fontaine JJ, Poupon MF, Roman-Roman S, Judde JG, Decaudin D, Cairo S, Marangoni E. Activation of IFN/STAT1 signalling predicts response to chemotherapy in oestrogen receptor-negative breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2015; 114:177-87. [PMID: 26695443 PMCID: PMC4815803 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oestrogen receptor-negative (ER−) breast cancer is intrinsically sensitive to chemotherapy. However, tumour response is often incomplete, and relapse occurs with high frequency. The aim of this work was to analyse the molecular characteristics of residual tumours and early response to chemotherapy in patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) of breast cancer. Methods: Gene and protein expression profiles were analysed in a panel of ER− breast cancer PDXs before and after chemotherapy treatment. Tumour and stromal interferon-gamma expression was measured in xenografts lysates by human and mouse cytokine arrays, respectively. Results: The analysis of residual tumour cells in chemo-responder PDX revealed a strong overexpression of IFN-inducible genes, induced early after AC treatment and associated with increased STAT1 phosphorylation, DNA-damage and apoptosis. No increase in IFN-inducible gene expression was observed in chemo-resistant PDXs upon chemotherapy. Overexpression of IFN-related genes was associated with human IFN-γ secretion by tumour cells. Conclusions: Treatment-induced activation of the IFN/STAT1 pathway in tumour cells is associated with chemotherapy response in ER− breast cancer. Further validations in prospective clinical trials will aim to evaluate the usefulness of this signature to assist therapeutic strategies in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan Bièche
- Genetics Department, Hospital, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris 75005, France
| | - Julie Gaston
- XenTech, 4 rue Pierre Fontaine, Evry 91000, France
| | | | | | - Olivier Déas
- XenTech, 4 rue Pierre Fontaine, Evry 91000, France
| | - Aurélie Thuleau
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris 75005, France
| | | | - Jean-Luc Servely
- Department of Pathology, Veterinary School of Alfort, Maisons-Alfort 94704, France.,INRA, Phase Department, Nouzilly, France
| | - Sophie Vacher
- Genetics Department, Hospital, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris 75005, France
| | | | - Stéphane Depil
- Institut de Recherches Servier, PIT Oncology, Croissy-sur-Seine 78290, France
| | - Gordon C Tucker
- Institut de Recherches Servier, PIT Oncology, Croissy-sur-Seine 78290, France
| | | | | | - Sergio Roman-Roman
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris 75005, France
| | | | - Didier Decaudin
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris 75005, France.,Medical Oncology Department, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris 75005, France
| | | | - Elisabetta Marangoni
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris 75005, France
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26
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Browne G, Taipaleenmäki H, Bishop NM, Madasu SC, Shaw LM, van Wijnen AJ, Stein JL, Stein GS, Lian JB. Runx1 is associated with breast cancer progression in MMTV-PyMT transgenic mice and its depletion in vitro inhibits migration and invasion. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:2522-32. [PMID: 25802202 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Runx1 is a transcription factor essential for definitive hematopoiesis, and genetic abnormalities in Runx1 cause leukemia. Runx1 is functionally promiscuous and acts as either an oncogene or tumor suppressor gene in certain epithelial cancers. Recent evidence suggests that Runx1 is an important factor in breast cancer, however, its role remains ambiguous. Here, we addressed whether Runx1 has a specific pathological role during breast cancer progression and show that Runx1 has an oncogenic function. We observed elevated Runx1 expression in a subset of human breast cancers. Furthermore, throughout the course of disease progression in a classical mouse model of breast cancer (i.e., the MMTV-PyMT transgenic model), Runx1 expression increases in the primary site (mammary gland) and is further upregulated in tumors and distal lung metastatic lesions. Ex vivo studies using tumor epithelial cells derived from these mice express significantly higher levels of Runx1 than normal mammary epithelial cells. The tumor cells exhibit increased rates of migration and invasion, indicative of an aggressive cancer phenotype. Inhibition of Runx1 expression using RNA interference significantly abrogates these cancer-relevant phenotypic characteristics. Importantly, our data establish that Runx1 contributes to murine mammary tumor development and malignancy and potentially represents a key disease-promoting and prognostic factor in human breast cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Browne
- Department of Biochemistry and Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Hanna Taipaleenmäki
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Heisenberg-Group for Molecular Skeletal Biology, Department of Trauma, Hand & Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicole M Bishop
- Microscopy Imaging Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Sharath C Madasu
- Department of Biochemistry and Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Leslie M Shaw
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Janet L Stein
- Department of Biochemistry and Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Gary S Stein
- Department of Biochemistry and Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Jane B Lian
- Department of Biochemistry and Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
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27
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Aspirin blocks growth of breast tumor cells and tumor-initiating cells and induces reprogramming factors of mesenchymal to epithelial transition. J Transl Med 2015; 95:702-17. [PMID: 25867761 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), also known as aspirin, a classic, nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is widely used to relieve minor aches and pains and to reduce fever. Epidemiological studies and other experimental studies suggest that ASA use reduces the risk of different cancers including breast cancer (BC) and may be used as a chemopreventive agent against BC and other cancers. These studies have raised the tempting possibility that ASA could serve as a preventive medicine for BC. However, lack of in-depth knowledge of the mechanism of action of ASA reshapes the debate of risk and benefit of using ASA in prevention of BC. Our studies, using in vitro and in vivo tumor xenograft models, show a strong beneficial effect of ASA in the prevention of breast carcinogenesis. We find that ASA not only prevents breast tumor cell growth in vitro and tumor growth in nude mice xenograft model through the induction of apoptosis, but also significantly reduces the self-renewal capacity and growth of breast tumor-initiating cells (BTICs)/breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) and delays the formation of a palpable tumor. Moreover, ASA regulates other pathophysiological events in breast carcinogenesis, such as reprogramming the mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET) and delaying in vitro migration in BC cells. The tumor growth-inhibitory and reprogramming roles of ASA could be mediated through inhibition of TGF-β/SMAD4 signaling pathway that is associated with growth, motility, invasion, and metastasis in advanced BCs. Collectively, ASA has a therapeutic or preventive potential by attacking possible target such as TGF-β in breast carcinogenesis.
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28
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Yuan X, Zhang M, Wu H, Xu H, Han N, Chu Q, Yu S, Chen Y, Wu K. Expression of Notch1 Correlates with Breast Cancer Progression and Prognosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131689. [PMID: 26121683 PMCID: PMC4488260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Various studies have evaluated the significance of Notch1 expression in breast cancer, but the results have ever been disputed. By using 21 studies involving 3867 patients, this meta-analysis revealed that the expression of Notch1 was significantly higher in breast cancer than in normal tissues (OR=7.21; 95%CI, 4.7-11.07) and that higher Notch1 expression was associated with transition from ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive cancer (OR=3.75; 95% CI, 1.8-7.78). Higher Notch1 activity was observed in the basal subtype of breast cancer (OR=2.53; 95% CI, 1.18-5.43). Moreover, patients with Notch1 overexpression exhibited significantly worse overall and recurrence-free survival. Our meta-analysis suggests that Notch inhibitors may be useful in blocking the early progression of DCIS and that the outcomes of clinical trials for Notch1-targeting therapeutics could be improved by the molecular stratification of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Mingsheng Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Hanxiao Xu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Na Han
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Qian Chu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Shiying Yu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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29
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Gad E, Rastetter L, Slota M, Koehnlein M, Treuting PM, Dang Y, Stanton S, Disis ML. Natural history of tumor growth and immune modulation in common spontaneous murine mammary tumor models. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 148:501-10. [PMID: 25395320 PMCID: PMC4280094 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-014-3199-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies in patients with breast cancer suggest the immune microenvironment influences response to therapy. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between growth rates of tumors in common spontaneous mammary tumor models and immune biomarkers evaluated in the tumor and blood. TgMMTV-neu and C3(1)-Tag transgenic mice were followed longitudinally from birth, and MPA-DMBA-treated mice from the time of carcinogen administration, for the development of mammary tumors. Tumor-infiltrating CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cells, FOXP3(+) T-regulatory cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells were assessed by flow cytometry. Serum cytokines were evaluated in subsets of mice. Fine needle aspirates of tumors were collected and RNA was isolated to determine levels of immune and proliferation markers. Age of tumor onset and kinetics of tumor growth were significantly different among the models. Mammary tumors from TgMMTV-neu contained a lower CD8/CD4 ratio than that of other models (p < 0.05). MPA-DMBA-induced tumors contained a higher percentage of FOXP3(+) CD4(+) T-cells (p < 0.01) and MDSC (p < 0.001) compared with the other models. Individuals with significantly slower tumor growth demonstrated higher levels of Type I serum cytokines prior to the development of lesions compared to those with rapid tumor growth. Moreover, the tumors of animals with more rapid tumor growth demonstrated a significant increase in the expression of genes associated with Type II immunity than those with slower-progressing tumors. These data provide a foundation for the development of in vivo models to explore the relationship between endogenous immunity and response to standard therapies for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekram Gad
- Tumor Vaccine Group, Center for Translational Medicine in Women’s Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Lauren Rastetter
- Tumor Vaccine Group, Center for Translational Medicine in Women’s Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Meredith Slota
- Tumor Vaccine Group, Center for Translational Medicine in Women’s Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Marlese Koehnlein
- Tumor Vaccine Group, Center for Translational Medicine in Women’s Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Piper M. Treuting
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Yushe Dang
- Tumor Vaccine Group, Center for Translational Medicine in Women’s Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Sasha Stanton
- Tumor Vaccine Group, Center for Translational Medicine in Women’s Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Mary L. Disis
- Tumor Vaccine Group, Center for Translational Medicine in Women’s Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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30
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MET gene copy number predicts worse overall survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107677. [PMID: 25232729 PMCID: PMC4169409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives MET is a receptor present in the membrane of NSCLC cells and is known to promote cell proliferation, survival and migration. MET gene copy number is a common genetic alteration and inhibition o MET emerges as a promising targeted therapy in NSCLC. Here we aim to combine in a meta-analysis, data on the effect of high MET gene copy number on the overall survival of patients with resected NSCLC. Methods Two independent investigators applied parallel search strategies with the terms “MET AND lung cancer”, “MET AND NSCLC”, “MET gene copy number AND prognosis” in PubMed through January 2014. We selected the studies that investigated the association of MET gene copy number with survival, in patients who received surgery. Results Among 1096 titles that were identified in the initial search, we retrieved 9 studies on retrospective cohorts with adequate retrievable data regarding the prognostic impact of MET gene copy number on the survival of patients with NSCLC. Out of those, 6 used FISH and the remaining 3 used RT PCR to assess the MET gene copy number in the primary tumor. We calculated the I2 statistic to assess heterogeneity (I2 = 72%). MET gene copy number predicted worse overall survival when all studies were combined in a random effects model (HR = 1.78, 95% CI 1.22–2.60). When only the studies that had at least 50% of adenocarcinoma patients in their populations were included, the effect was significant (five studies, HR 1.55, 95% CI 1.23–1.94). This was not true when we included only the studies with no more than 50% of the patients having adenocarcinoma histology (four studies HR 2.18, 95% CI 0.97–4.90). Conclusions Higher MET gene copy number in the primary tumor at the time of diagnosis predicts worse outcome in patients with NSCLC. This prognostic impact may be adenocarcinoma histology specific.
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31
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Wang H, Gutierrez-Uzquiza A, Garg R, Barrio-Real L, Abera MB, Lopez-Haber C, Rosemblit C, Lu H, Abba M, Kazanietz MG. Transcriptional regulation of oncogenic protein kinase Cϵ (PKCϵ) by STAT1 and Sp1 proteins. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:19823-38. [PMID: 24825907 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.548446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of PKCϵ, a kinase associated with tumor aggressiveness and widely implicated in malignant transformation and metastasis, is a hallmark of multiple cancers, including mammary, prostate, and lung cancer. To characterize the mechanisms that control PKCϵ expression and its up-regulation in cancer, we cloned an ∼ 1.6-kb promoter segment of the human PKCϵ gene (PRKCE) that displays elevated transcriptional activity in cancer cells. A comprehensive deletional analysis established two regions rich in Sp1 and STAT1 sites located between -777 and -105 bp (region A) and -921 and -796 bp (region B), respectively, as responsible for the high transcriptional activity observed in cancer cells. A more detailed mutagenesis analysis followed by EMSA and ChIP identified Sp1 sites in positions -668/-659 and -269/-247 as well as STAT1 sites in positions -880/-869 and -793/-782 as the elements responsible for elevated promoter activity in breast cancer cells relative to normal mammary epithelial cells. RNAi silencing of Sp1 and STAT1 in breast cancer cells reduced PKCϵ mRNA and protein expression, as well as PRKCE promoter activity. Moreover, a strong correlation was found between PKCϵ and phospho-Ser-727 (active) STAT1 levels in breast cancer cells. Our results may have significant implications for the development of approaches to target PKCϵ and its effectors in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- HongBin Wang
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 and
| | - Alvaro Gutierrez-Uzquiza
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 and
| | - Rachana Garg
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 and
| | - Laura Barrio-Real
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 and
| | - Mahlet B Abera
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 and
| | - Cynthia Lopez-Haber
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 and
| | - Cinthia Rosemblit
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 and
| | - Huaisheng Lu
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 and
| | - Martin Abba
- the Centro de Investigaciones Inmunológicas Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CP1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Marcelo G Kazanietz
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 and
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32
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The E2F transcription factors regulate tumor development and metastasis in a mouse model of metastatic breast cancer. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:3229-43. [PMID: 24934442 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00737-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While the E2F transcription factors (E2Fs) have a clearly defined role in cell cycle control, recent work has uncovered new functions. Using genomic signature methods, we predicted a role for the activator E2F transcription factors in the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-polyomavirus middle T oncoprotein (PyMT) mouse model of metastatic breast cancer. To genetically test the hypothesis that the E2Fs function to regulate tumor development and metastasis, we interbred MMTV-PyMT mice with E2F1, E2F2, or E2F3 knockout mice. With the ablation of individual E2Fs, we noted alterations of tumor latency, histology, and vasculature. Interestingly, we noted striking reductions in metastatic capacity and in the number of circulating tumor cells in both the E2F1 and E2F2 knockout backgrounds. Investigating E2F target genes that mediate metastasis, we found that E2F loss led to decreased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegfa), Bmp4, Cyr61, Nupr1, Plod 2, P4ha1, Adamts1, Lgals3, and Angpt2. These gene expression changes indicate that the E2Fs control the expression of genes critical to angiogenesis, the remodeling of the extracellular matrix, tumor cell survival, and tumor cell interactions with vascular endothelial cells that facilitate metastasis to the lungs. Taken together, these results reveal that the E2F transcription factors play key roles in mediating tumor development and metastasis in addition to their well-characterized roles in cell cycle control.
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33
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Chen Y, McGee J, Chen X, Doman TN, Gong X, Zhang Y, Hamm N, Ma X, Higgs RE, Bhagwat SV, Buchanan S, Peng SB, Staschke KA, Yadav V, Yue Y, Kouros-Mehr H. Identification of druggable cancer driver genes amplified across TCGA datasets. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98293. [PMID: 24874471 PMCID: PMC4038530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) projects have advanced our understanding of the driver mutations, genetic backgrounds, and key pathways activated across cancer types. Analysis of TCGA datasets have mostly focused on somatic mutations and translocations, with less emphasis placed on gene amplifications. Here we describe a bioinformatics screening strategy to identify putative cancer driver genes amplified across TCGA datasets. We carried out GISTIC2 analysis of TCGA datasets spanning 16 cancer subtypes and identified 486 genes that were amplified in two or more datasets. The list was narrowed to 75 cancer-associated genes with potential "druggable" properties. The majority of the genes were localized to 14 amplicons spread across the genome. To identify potential cancer driver genes, we analyzed gene copy number and mRNA expression data from individual patient samples and identified 42 putative cancer driver genes linked to diverse oncogenic processes. Oncogenic activity was further validated by siRNA/shRNA knockdown and by referencing the Project Achilles datasets. The amplified genes represented a number of gene families, including epigenetic regulators, cell cycle-associated genes, DNA damage response/repair genes, metabolic regulators, and genes linked to the Wnt, Notch, Hedgehog, JAK/STAT, NF-KB and MAPK signaling pathways. Among the 42 putative driver genes were known driver genes, such as EGFR, ERBB2 and PIK3CA. Wild-type KRAS was amplified in several cancer types, and KRAS-amplified cancer cell lines were most sensitive to KRAS shRNA, suggesting that KRAS amplification was an independent oncogenic event. A number of MAP kinase adapters were co-amplified with their receptor tyrosine kinases, such as the FGFR adapter FRS2 and the EGFR family adapters GRB2 and GRB7. The ubiquitin-like ligase DCUN1D1 and the histone methyltransferase NSD3 were also identified as novel putative cancer driver genes. We discuss the patient tailoring implications for existing cancer drug targets and we further discuss potential novel opportunities for drug discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Oncology, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Jeremy McGee
- Department of Oncology, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Xianming Chen
- Department of Oncology, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Thompson N. Doman
- Department of Oncology, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Xueqian Gong
- Department of Oncology, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Youyan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Nicole Hamm
- Department of Oncology, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Xiwen Ma
- Department of Oncology, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Richard E. Higgs
- Department of Oncology, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Shripad V. Bhagwat
- Department of Oncology, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Sean Buchanan
- Department of Oncology, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Sheng-Bin Peng
- Department of Oncology, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Kirk A. Staschke
- Department of Oncology, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Vipin Yadav
- Department of Oncology, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Yong Yue
- Department of Oncology, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Hosein Kouros-Mehr
- Department of Oncology, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
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34
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Vieira FQ, Costa-Pinheiro P, Ramalho-Carvalho J, Pereira A, Menezes FD, Antunes L, Carneiro I, Oliveira J, Henrique R, Jerónimo C. Deregulated expression of selected histone methylases and demethylases in prostate carcinoma. Endocr Relat Cancer 2014; 21:51-61. [PMID: 24200674 DOI: 10.1530/erc-13-0375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa), a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality, arises through the acquisition of genetic and epigenetic alterations. Deregulation of histone methyltransferases (HMTs) or demethylases (HDMs) has been associated with PCa development and progression. However, the precise influence of altered HMTs or HDMs expression and respective histone marks in PCa onset and progression remains largely unknown. To clarify the role of HMTs and HDMs in prostate carcinogenesis, expression levels of 37 HMTs and 20 HDMs were assessed in normal prostate and PCa tissue samples by RT-qPCR. SMYD3, SUV39H2, PRMT6, KDM5A, and KDM6A were upregulated, whereas KMT2A-E (MLL1-5) and KDM4B were downregulated in PCa, compared with normal prostate tissues. Remarkably, PRMT6 was the histone modifier that best discriminated normal from tumorous tissue samples. Interestingly, EZH2 and SMYD3 expression levels significantly correlated with less differentiated and more aggressive tumors. Remarkably, SMYD3 expression levels were of independent prognostic value for the prediction of disease-specific survival of PCa patients with clinically localized disease submitted to radical prostatectomy. We concluded that expression profiling of HMTs and HDMs, especially SMYD3, might be of clinical usefulness for the assessment of PCa patients and assist in pre-therapeutic decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Quintela Vieira
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Research Center, Rua Dr António Bernardino Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal School of Allied Health Sciences (ESTSP), Polytechnic of Porto, Portugal Department of Pathology Department of Epidemiology Department of Urology, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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