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The Effects of RBP4 and Vitamin D on the Proliferation and Migration of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells via the JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3046777. [PMID: 35082965 PMCID: PMC8786468 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3046777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are one of the main causes of the development of diabetic atherosclerotic process. The aim of our study was to assess the role of RBP4 in the proliferation and migration of VSMCs and the inhibitory effect of vitamin D on the mechanisms. In an in vivo experiment, rats were randomly classified into 6 groups: the control group, diabetic rats, diabetic atherosclerotic rats (diabetic rats intraperitoneally injected with RBP4), diabetic atherosclerotic rats treated with 0.075 μg kg−1 d−1 vitamin D, 0.15 μg kg−1 d−1 vitamin D and 0.3 μg kg−1 d−1 vitamin D. We found that the levels of JAK2, STAT3, cylinD1, and Bcl-2 were increased in diabetic atherosclerotic rats, and these increases were improved after vitamin D supplementation. Furthermore, to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms, cells were cultured with glucose in the presence of RBP4 and the absence of RBP4, respectively, and vitamin D of different concentrations and different intervention times was simultaneously adopted. The proliferation and migration of VSMCs was enhanced and the levels of JAK2, STAT3, cyclinD1, and Bcl-2 were increased in the cells transfected with RBP4 overexpression plasmid. Moreover, vitamin D supplementation was detected to lower the expressions of JAK2, STAT3, cyclinD1, and Bcl-2 and inhibit the abnormal proliferation of VSMCs caused by the RBP4/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. RBP4 can promote the proliferation and migration of VSMCs and contributes to the development of diabetic macroangiopathy via regulating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. This mechanism of RBP4 can be inhibited by vitamin D supplementation.
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Zhao H, Wan L, Chen Y, Zhang H, Xu Y, Qiu S. FasL incapacitation alleviates CD4 + T cells-induced brain injury through remodeling of microglia polarization in mouse ischemic stroke. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 318:36-44. [PMID: 29395324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation responses involving the crosstalk between infiltrated T cells and microglia play crucial roles in ischemia stroke. Recent studies showed that Fas ligand (FasL) mutation could reduce post-stroke T cell invasion and microglia activation. In this study, we demonstrated that CD4+ T cells could induce M1 microglia polarization through NF-κB signaling pathway, whereas FasL mutant CD4+ T cells significantly reversed this effect. Besides, Th17/Treg cells balance was skewed into Treg cells after FasL mutation. In addition, conditioned medium from co-culture of FasL mutant CD4+ T cells and microglia could alleviate neuronal injury. Collectively, FasL incapacitation could alleviate CD4+ T cells-induced inflammation through remodeling microglia polarization, suggesting a therapeutic potential for control of inflammation responses after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Lihua Wan
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Shuwei Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China.
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Huhtinen A, Hongisto V, Laiho A, Löyttyniemi E, Pijnenburg D, Scheinin M. Gene expression profiles and signaling mechanisms in α 2B-adrenoceptor-evoked proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2017; 11:65. [PMID: 28659168 PMCID: PMC5490158 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-017-0439-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND α2-adrenoceptors are important regulators of vascular tone and blood pressure. Regulation of cell proliferation is a less well investigated consequence of α2-adrenoceptor activation. We have previously shown that α2B-adrenoceptor activation stimulates proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). This may be important for blood vessel development and plasticity and for the pathology and therapeutics of cardiovascular disorders. The underlying cellular mechanisms have remained mostly unknown. This study explored pathways of regulation of gene expression and intracellular signaling related to α2B-adrenoceptor-evoked VSMC proliferation. RESULTS The cellular mechanisms and signaling pathways of α2B-adrenoceptor-evoked proliferation of VSMCs are complex and include redundancy. Functional enrichment analysis and pathway analysis identified differentially expressed genes associated with α2B-adrenoceptor-regulated VSMC proliferation. They included the upregulated genes Egr1, F3, Ptgs2 and Serpine1 and the downregulated genes Cx3cl1, Cav1, Rhoa, Nppb and Prrx1. The most highly upregulated gene, Lypd8, represents a novel finding in the VSMC context. Inhibitor library screening and kinase activity profiling were applied to identify kinases in the involved signaling pathways. Putative upstream kinases identified by two different screens included PKC, Raf-1, Src, the MAP kinases p38 and JNK and the receptor tyrosine kinases EGFR and HGF/HGFR. As a novel finding, the Src family kinase Lyn was also identified as a putative upstream kinase. CONCLUSIONS α2B-adrenoceptors may mediate their pro-proliferative effects in VSMCs by promoting the activity of bFGF and PDGF and the growth factor receptors EGFR, HGFR and VEGFR-1/2. The Src family kinase Lyn was also identified as a putative upstream kinase. Lyn is known to be expressed in VSMCs and has been identified as an important regulator of GPCR trafficking and GPCR effects on cell proliferation. Identified Ser/Thr kinases included several PKC isoforms and the β-adrenoceptor kinases 1 and 2. Cross-talk between the signaling mechanisms involved in α2B-adrenoceptor-evoked VSMC proliferation thus appears to involve PKC activation, subsequent changes in gene expression, transactivation of EGFR, and modulation of kinase activities and growth factor-mediated signaling. While many of the identified individual signals were relatively small in terms of effect size, many of them were validated by combining pathway analysis and our integrated screening approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Huhtinen
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Vesa Hongisto
- Toxicology Division, Misvik Biology Oy, Turku, Finland
| | - Asta Laiho
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Eliisa Löyttyniemi
- Department of Biostatistics, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Dirk Pijnenburg
- PamGene International BV, Wolvenhoek 10, 5211HH s’Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Mika Scheinin
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Zheng C, Qiao ZH, Hou MZ, Liu NN, Fu B, Ding R, Li YY, Wei LP, Liu AL, Shen H. GLYX-13, a NMDA Receptor Glycine-Site Functional Partial Agonist, Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia Injury In Vivo and Vitro by Differential Modulations of NMDA Receptors Subunit Components at Different Post-Ischemia Stage in Mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2017. [PMID: 28649199 PMCID: PMC5465280 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive activation of NMDA receptors (NMDARs) is implicated in pathological synaptic plasticity also known as post-ischemic long-term potentiation (i-LTP) which was produced by glutamate mediated excitotoxicity after stroke. In the past decades, many NMDARs inhibitors failed in clinical investigations due to severe psychotomimetic side effects. GLYX-13 is a NMDAR modulator with glycine site partial agonist properties and has potential protective effects on ischemic neuronal death. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of GLYX-13 attenuating the ischemic neuronal damage remains elusive. Our study was conducted to examine the molecular, cellular and behavioral actions of GLYX-13 in stroke, and further characterize the mechanism underlying the neuroprotective actions via modulation of the NMDAR subunit composition. In present study we found that in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) stroke model, GLYX-13 blocked i-LTP and restored the ratio of NR2A/NR2B subunit composition. The glycine site of NMDARs full coagonist D-serine completely blocked the effects of GLYX-13 on i-LTP. Besides, in vivo middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model, GLYX-13 decreased the cerebral infarct volume and reduced injury of hippocampus. Western analysis showed that GLYX-13 down-regulated the expression of phosphorylated NR2B (Tyr1472) and up-regulated phosphorylated NR2A (Tyr1325). Furthermore, GLYX-13 treatment along with NR2B specific antagonist (Ro256981) failed to exhibit any additional neuro-protective effects, whereas the application of NR2A antagonist (NVP-AAM007) abolished the neuroprotective effects of GLYX-13, which suggested that the protective action of GLYX-13 should be by its regulation of NMDAR subunit components. Our study provides important insights on the potential protective mechanism of GLYX-13 in ischemia and proposes the glycine site of NMDARs as a novel target for developing therapeutic strategies to store synaptic function in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zheng
- Laboratory of Neurobiology in Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin, China
| | - Zhi H Qiao
- Laboratory of Neurobiology in Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin, China
| | - Meng Z Hou
- Laboratory of Neurobiology in Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin, China
| | - Nan N Liu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology in Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin, China
| | - Bin Fu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology in Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin, China
| | - Ran Ding
- Laboratory of Neurobiology in Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin, China
| | - Yuan Y Li
- Laboratory of Neurobiology in Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin, China
| | - Liang P Wei
- Laboratory of Neurobiology in Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin, China
| | - Ai L Liu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology in Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Laboratory of Neurobiology in Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin, China
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Rong R, Yang H, Rong L, Wei X, Li Q, Liu X, Gao H, Xu Y, Zhang Q. Proteomic analysis of PSD-93 knockout mice following the induction of ischemic cerebral injury. Neurotoxicology 2016; 53:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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PSD-93 deletion inhibits Fyn-mediated phosphorylation of NR2B and protects against focal cerebral ischemia. Neurobiol Dis 2014; 68:104-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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The role of IL-17 promotes spinal cord neuroinflammation via activation of the transcription factor STAT3 after spinal cord injury in the rat. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:786947. [PMID: 24914249 PMCID: PMC4021861 DOI: 10.1155/2014/786947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Design. In this study, we investigated the role of IL-17 via activation of STAT3 in the pathophysiology of SCI. Objective. The purpose of the experiments is to study the expression of IL-17 and related cytokines via STAT3 signaling pathways, which is caused by the acute inflammatory response following SCI in different periods via establishing an acute SCI model in rat. Methods. Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan hind limb locomotor rating scale was used to assess the rat hind limb motor function. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression levels of IL-17 and p-STAT3 in spinal cord tissues. Western blotting analysis was used to determine the protein expression of p-STAT3 in spinal cord tissue. RT-PCR was used to analyze the mRNA expression of IL-17 and IL-23p19 in the spleen tissue. ELISA was used to determine the peripheral blood serum levels of IL-6, IL-21, and IL-23. Results. Compared to the sham-operated group, the expression levels of IL-17, p-STAT3, IL-6, IL-21, and IL-23 were significantly increased and peaked at 24 h after SCI. The increased levels of cytokines were correlated with the SCI disease stages. Conclusion. IL-17 may play an important role in promoting spinal cord neuroinflammation after SCI via activation of STAT3.
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Xiang S, Dong NG, Liu JP, Wang Y, Shi JW, Wei ZJ, Hu XJ, Gong L. Inhibitory effects of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 on inflammatory cytokine expression and migration and proliferation of IL-6/IFN-γ-induced vascular smooth muscle cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 33:615-622. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-013-1168-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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