Tunagur MT, Aksu H, Kurt Tunagur EM, Yilmaz M. Associations between neurological soft signs, executive functions, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in boys with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Indian J Psychiatry 2024;
66:433-439. [PMID:
38919566 PMCID:
PMC11195744 DOI:
10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_694_22]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background
To determine the association between neurological soft signs, executive functions, and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Methods
Serum BDNF levels were measured in 87 drug-naive boys with ADHD, aged 7-12 years. The Revised Physical and Neurological Examination for Subtle Signs for neurological soft signs, Stroop Color-Word Test for attention functions, and Judgment of Line Orientation Test (JLOT) for visuospatial abilities were performed.
Results
Age correlated negatively with dysrhythmia, total time, and total overflow in timed movements, Stroop Color-Word Time (SCWT), and serum BDNF levels. The JLOT significantly negatively correlated with Total Gaits and Stations (P1) and Total Time in Timed Movements (adjusted R 2 = 0.247). In addition, SCWT maintained a significant correlation with Total Overflow in Timed Movements (adjusted R 2 = 0.206). There was no correlation between serum BDNF levels and NSS.
Conclusion
The association between NSS, visuospatial abilities, and selective attention may express a maturational delay in ADHD pathophysiology. Moreover, BDNF may play a role in this maturational delay. Future studies should investigate the contribution of BDNF to neuronal maturation in ADHD.
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