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Kantaputra P, Daroontum T, Chuamanochan M, Chaowattanapanit S, Kiratikanon S, Choonhakarn C, Intachai W, Olsen B, Tongsima S, Ngamphiw C, Pontisso P, Cox TC, Ounjai P. SERPINB3, Adult-Onset Immunodeficiency, and Generalized Pustular Psoriasis. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020266. [PMID: 36833193 PMCID: PMC9957076 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP; MIM 614204) is a rare and severe pustular autoinflammatory skin disease in which acute generalized erythema and scaling develop with numerous sterile pustules. GPP shares skin manifestations, especially pustular skin reaction, with adult-onset immunodeficiency (AOID) with anti-interferon-γ autoantibodies, an autoimmune disease. METHODS Clinical examinations and whole-exome sequencing (WES) were performed on 32 patients with pustular psoriasis phenotypes and 21 patients with AOID with pustular skin reaction. Immunohistochemical and histopathological studies were performed. RESULTS WES identified three Thai patients presenting with similar pustular phenotypes-two with a diagnosis of AOID and the other with GPP. A heterozygous missense variant chr18:g.61325778C>A NM_006919.2: c.438G>T; NP_008850.1: p.Lys146Asn; rs193238900 in SERPINB3 was identified in two patients: one with GPP and the other with AOID. The other patient who had AOID carried a heterozygous missense variant chr18:g.61323147T>C NM_006919.2: c.917A>G; NP_008850.1: p.Asp306Gly in SERPINB3. Immunohistochemical studies showed overexpression of SERPINA1 and SERPINB3, a hallmark of psoriatic skin lesions. CONCLUSIONS Genetic variants in SERPINB3 are associated with GPP and AOID with pustular skin reaction. The skin of patients with GPP and AOID carrying SERPINB3 mutations showed overexpression of SERPINB3 and SERPINA1. Clinically and genetically, GPP and AOID appear to share pathogenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piranit Kantaputra
- Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence:
| | - Teerada Daroontum
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Mati Chuamanochan
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Suteeraporn Chaowattanapanit
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Salin Kiratikanon
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Charoen Choonhakarn
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Worrachet Intachai
- Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Bjorn Olsen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sissades Tongsima
- National Biobank of Thailand, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Chumpol Ngamphiw
- National Biobank of Thailand, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Patrizia Pontisso
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
- European Reference Network—ERN RARE-LIVER, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Timothy C. Cox
- Departments of Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, and Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Puey Ounjai
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Office of Higher Education Commission, Ministry of Education, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Nakashima M, Kinoshita M, Nakashima H, Kato A, Mori K, Koiwai K, Shinomiya N, Seki S. Mouse Liver B Cells Phagocytose Streptococcus pneumoniae and Initiate Immune Responses against Their Antigens. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:26-37. [PMID: 35705250 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that mammalian B cells ingest particulate Ags, such as bacteria, although little is known about the effect of this function on acquired immunity. We investigated the role of bacterium-phagocytosing B cells in acquired host immune responses. Cultured mouse liver B cells substantially phagocytosed serum-opsonized Streptococcus pneumoniae and produced IgM. On adoptive transfer of liver B cells that phagocytose S. pneumoniae labeled with pHrodo Red succinimidyl ester, recipient mice showed elevated plasma levels of IgG specific for bacterial Ags. In particular, the levels of IgG2a and IgG2b specific for pneumococcal surface protein A, as well as IgG3 for pneumococcal polysaccharide, were markedly increased compared with total IgG specific for each Ag. When phagocytic liver B cells were cultured with spleen CD4+ T cells obtained from mice primed with heat-killed S. pneumoniae 7 d before, they induced IL-2 production and proliferation of the CD4+ T cells, along with Th1 cytokine production. However, they induced neither the CD4+ T cell production of IL-21, a suggested marker promoting B cell proliferation and differentiation, nor the expression of genes important for somatic hypermutation or isotype switching; such responses were particularly evident when splenic B cells merely capturing S. pneumoniae without processing them were cultured with spleen CD4+ T cells. These findings suggest that phagocytic liver B cells may be involved in acquired immune responses by presenting derivative peptides to CD4+ T cells without their own somatic hypermutation or isotype switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Nakashima
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan; and
| | - Manabu Kinoshita
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan; and
| | - Hiroyuki Nakashima
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan; and
| | - Azusa Kato
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan; and
| | - Kazuma Mori
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan; and
| | - Kazuki Koiwai
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan; and
| | - Nariyoshi Shinomiya
- Office of the President, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Shuhji Seki
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan; and
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Glerup R, Svensson M, Jakobsen LH, Fellstrøm B, Jensen JD, Christensen JH. Multiplex proteomics as risk predictor of infection in patients treated with hemodialysis-A prospective multicenter study. Hemodial Int 2021; 26:191-201. [PMID: 34964538 DOI: 10.1111/hdi.12987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Severe infection is a major problem in hemodialysis patients. Multiplex proteomics might reveal novel insights into disease mechanisms increasing the risk of infection and might also be used as a risk prediction tool. The aims of this study were (1) to evaluate associations between 92 proteins assessed by a proximity extension assay and the development of severe infection in patients on hemodialysis and (2) to develop a risk prediction model for severe infection using prespecified clinical variables and proteomics. METHODS Prospective, observational multicenter cohort study with 5-year follow-up. Patients receiving in-center hemodialysis in five facilities in Denmark were included. The primary composite endpoint was death caused by infection, bacteremia, and infections requiring hospitalization of at least 2 days or prolonging a hospital stay. FINDINGS Of 331 patients included 210 patients reached the primary endpoint during follow-up. In adjusted Cox regression analyses, 14 plasma proteins were associated with severe infection. Correcting for multiple testing revealed only cathepsin-L1 and interleukin-6 significantly associated with the primary outcome. Cathepsin-L1-hazard ratio: 1.64 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24-2.17) and interleukin-6-hazard ratio: 1.16 (95% CI 1.05-1.29). Apparent C-statistics of the risk prediction model using clinical variables was 0.605, addition of cathepsin-L1 and interleukin-6 to the model improved discrimination slightly: C = 0.625. DISCUSSION Proteomic profiling identified cathepsin-L1 and interleukin-6 as markers for infectious risk in hemodialysis patients. Further studies are needed to replicate the results and to examine possible causality. The developed risk prediction models need considerable improvement before implementation in clinical practice is meaningful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Glerup
- Department of Nephrology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - My Svensson
- Department of Renal Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lasse H Jakobsen
- Department of Hematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Bengt Fellstrøm
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jens D Jensen
- Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jeppe H Christensen
- Department of Nephrology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Cathepsin L, a Target of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1-α, Is Involved in Melanosome Degradation in Melanocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168596. [PMID: 34445307 PMCID: PMC8395286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic conditions induce the activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) to restore the supply of oxygen to tissues and cells. Activated HIF-1α translocates into the nucleus and binds to hypoxia response elements to promote the transcription of target genes. Cathepsin L (CTSL) is a lysosomal protease that degrades cellular proteins via the endolysosomal pathway. In this study, we attempted to determine if CTSL is a hypoxia responsive target gene of HIF-1α, and decipher its role in melanocytes in association with the autophagic pathway. The results of our luciferase reporter assay showed that the expression of CTSL is transcriptionally activated through the binding of HIF1-α at its promoter. Under autophagy-inducing starvation conditions, HIF-1α and CTSL expression is highly upregulated in melan-a cells. The mature form of CTSL is closely involved in melanosome degradation through lysosomal activity upon autophagosome–lysosome fusion. The inhibition of conversion of pro-CTSL to mature CTSL leads to the accumulation of gp100 and tyrosinase in addition to microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) II, due to decreased lysosomal activity in the autophagic pathway. In conclusion, we have identified that CTSL, a novel target of HIF-1α, participates in melanosome degradation in melanocytes through lysosomal activity during autophagosome–lysosome fusion.
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Perišić Nanut M, Pečar Fonović U, Jakoš T, Kos J. The Role of Cysteine Peptidases in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Differentiation and Modulation of Immune System Function. Front Immunol 2021; 12:680279. [PMID: 34335582 PMCID: PMC8322073 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.680279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cysteine cathepsins are primarily involved in the degradation and recycling of proteins in endo-lysosomal compartments but are also gaining recognition as pivotal proteolytic contributors to various immune functions. Through their extracellular proteolytic activities within the hematopoietic stem cell niche, they are involved in progenitor cell mobilization and differentiation. Cysteine cathepsins, such as cathepsins L and S contribute to antigen-induced adaptive immunity through major histocompatibility complex class II antigen presentation whereas cathepsin X regulates T-cell migration. By regulating toll-like receptor signaling and cytokine secretion cysteine cathepsins activate innate immune cells and affect their functional differentiation. Cathepsins C and H are expressed in cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells and are involved in processing of pro-granzymes into proteolytically active forms. Cytoplasmic activities of cathepsins B and L contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis of the adaptive immune response by regulating cell death of T and B lymphocytes. The expression pattern, localization, and activity of cysteine cathepsins is tightly connected to their function in immune cells. Furthermore, cysteine cathepsins together with their endogenous inhibitors, serve as mediators in the interplay between cancer and immune cells that results in immune cell anergy. The aim of the present article is to review the mechanisms of dysregulation of cysteine cathepsins and their inhibitors in relation to immune dysfunction to address new possibilities for regulation of their function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tanja Jakoš
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janko Kos
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Jakoš T, Pišlar A, Jewett A, Kos J. Cysteine Cathepsins in Tumor-Associated Immune Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2037. [PMID: 31555270 PMCID: PMC6724555 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine cathepsins are key regulators of the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Their expression, activity, and subcellular localization are associated with the distinct development and differentiation stages of immune cells. They promote the activation of innate myeloid immune cells since they contribute to toll-like receptor signaling and to cytokine secretion. Furthermore, they control lysosomal biogenesis and autophagic flux, thus affecting innate immune cell survival and polarization. They also regulate bidirectional communication between the cell exterior and the cytoskeleton, thus influencing cell interactions, morphology, and motility. Importantly, cysteine cathepsins contribute to the priming of adaptive immune cells by controlling antigen presentation and are involved in cytotoxic granule mediated killing in cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Cathepins'aberrant activity can be prevented by their endogenous inhibitors, cystatins. However, dysregulated proteolysis contributes significantly to tumor progression also by modulation of the antitumor immune response. Especially tumor-associated myeloid cells, such as tumor-associated macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, which are known for their tumor promoting and immunosuppressive functions, constitute the major source of excessive cysteine cathepsin activity in cancer. Since they are enriched in the tumor microenvironment, cysteine cathepsins represent exciting targets for development of new diagnostic and therapeutic moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Jakoš
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anja Pišlar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anahid Jewett
- UCLA School of Dentistry and Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Janko Kos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Liu CL, Guo J, Zhang X, Sukhova GK, Libby P, Shi GP. Cysteine protease cathepsins in cardiovascular disease: from basic research to clinical trials. Nat Rev Cardiol 2018; 15:351-370. [DOI: 10.1038/s41569-018-0002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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8
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Lu HJ, Yan J, Jin PY, Zheng GH, Qin SM, Wu DM, Lu J, Zheng YL. MicroRNA-152 inhibits tumor cell growth while inducing apoptosis via the transcriptional repression of cathepsin L in gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Cancer Biomark 2018; 21:711-722. [PMID: 29278883 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MicroRNAs are widely thought to play a regulatory role in gene expression. Although the more unique microRNA expression profiles have been reported in several tumors, there remains a scarcity of knowledge in relation to microRNA expression profiles in GISTs. During this study, through the alteration in the expression of microRNA-152 (miR-152) in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) cells, we subsequently evaluated its ability to influence the processes associated with cancer, including proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis, as well as the associated mechanisms. METHODS The expression of miR-152 and cathepsin L (CTSL) in GIST cell lines (GIST882, GIST430, GIST48 and GIST-T1) and normal gastric mucosal cell line RGM-1 were determined. A series of miR-152 mimics, miR-152 inhibitors, and siRNA against CTSL were introduced to treat GIST-T1 cells with the lowest miR-152 and the highest CTSL were assessed. Cell viability, cell cycle entry, apoptosis, and cell migration/invasion were all evaluated by means of CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry analyses of Annexin V-FITC/PI staining, and transwell assays. RESULTS The target prediction program and luciferase reporter gene assay verified CTSL is the target of miR-152. Regarding the biological significance of miR-152, siRNA knockdown and ectopic expression studies revealed that miR-152 mimic or siRNA against CTSL exposure reduced cell viability and migration/invasion, which resulted in more cells arrested at the S stage, and induced apoptosis. MiR-152 inhibitor exposure was observed to have induced effects on CTSL cells as opposed to those induced by that of the miR-152 mimics. In contrast, miR-152 downregulation abrogated the effects induced by siRNA against CTSL treatment. CONCLUSION The key findings of this study provided evidence suggesting that miR-152 functions by means of binding to CTSL to induce GIST cell apoptosis and inhibit proliferation, migration, and invasion. The anti-tumor role of miR-152 makes it an attractive therapeutic target for GIST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jie Lu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Emergency Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221009, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pei-Ying Jin
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gui-Hong Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Su-Ming Qin
- Department of Oncology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276003, Shandong, China
| | - Dong-Mei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan-Lin Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
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Lorenzo D, Duarte A, Mundiñano J, Berguer P, Nepomnaschy I, Piazzon I. A B-Cell Superantigen Induces the Apoptosis of Murine and Human Malignant B Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162456. [PMID: 27603942 PMCID: PMC5014328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell superantigens (Sags) bind to conserved sites of the VH or VL regions of immunoglobulin molecules outside their complementarity-determining regions causing the apoptosis of normal cognate B cells. No attempts to investigate whether B-cell Sags are able to induce the apoptosis of cognate malignant B cells were reported. In the present study we show that protein L (PpL), secreted by Finegoldia magna, a B-cell Sag which interacts with κ+ bearing cells, induces the apoptosis of murine and human κ+ lymphoma B cells both in vitro and in vivo. Apoptosis was not altered by caspase-8 inhibitor. No alterations in the levels of Bid, Fas and Fas-L were found suggesting that PpL does not activate the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis. The involvement of the intrinsic pathway was clearly indicated by: i) alterations in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) both in murine and human lymphoma cells exposed to PpL; ii) decreased levels of apoptosis in the presence of caspase-9 inhibitor; iii) significant increases of Bim and Bax protein levels and downregulation of Bcl-2; iv) the translocation from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria of Bax and Bim pro-apoptotic proteins and its inhibition by caspase-9 inhibitor but not by caspase-8 inhibitor and v) the translocation of Bcl-2 protein from the mitochondria to the cytosol and its inhibition by caspase-9 inhibitor but not by caspase-8 inhibitor. The possibility of a therapeutic use of Sags in lymphoma/leukemia B cell malignancies is discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Animals
- Annexin A5/metabolism
- Apoptosis/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- B7-2 Antigen/metabolism
- Bacterial Proteins/immunology
- Bcl-2-Like Protein 11/metabolism
- Burkitt Lymphoma/genetics
- Burkitt Lymphoma/immunology
- Burkitt Lymphoma/pathology
- Caspase 8/metabolism
- Caspase 9/metabolism
- Caspase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytosol/metabolism
- DNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins/immunology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin M/metabolism
- Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains/metabolism
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Protein Transport
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Superantigens/immunology
- bcl-2-Associated X Protein/genetics
- bcl-2-Associated X Protein/metabolism
- fas Receptor/genetics
- fas Receptor/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Lorenzo
- IMEX-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Duarte
- IMEX-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina
| | - Juliana Mundiñano
- IMEX-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina
| | - Paula Berguer
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Irene Nepomnaschy
- IMEX-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina
| | - Isabel Piazzon
- IMEX-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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Sun BG, Hu YH. Identification, mRNA expression profiling and activity characterization of cathepsin L from red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2015; 41:1463-1473. [PMID: 26164862 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0099-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cathepsin L is a cysteine protease with a papain-like structure. It is known to be implicated in multiple processes of mammalian immune response to pathogen infection. In teleost fish, the functionality of cathepsin L is less understood. In this work, we characterized a cathepsin L homologue (designated as SoCatL) from red drum Sciaenops ocellatus, an important farmed fish species in China. SoCatL possesses a typical domain arrangement characteristic of cathepsin L, which comprises a proregion and a protease domain with four catalytically essential residues (Gln137, Cys143, His282 and Asn302) conserved in various organisms. SoCatL shares moderate sequence identities with mammalian cathepsin L and relatively high sequence identities with teleost cathepsin L. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that SoCatL is evolutionally close to fish cathepsin L, especially those belonging to the Perciformes order. The homology model of SoCatL was discovered to exhibit a structure resembling human cathepsin L. Transcriptional expression of SoCatL was found ubiquitous in tissues and enhanced after experimental infection with a bacterial pathogen. Recombinant SoCatL purified from Escherichia coli (designated as rSoCatL) displayed apparent proteolytic activity, which was optimal at 50 °C and pH 7.0. The activity of rSoCatL required the catalytic residue Cys143 and was severely reduced by cathepsin inhibitor. These results suggest that SoCatL is a teleost cathepsin L homologue which functions as a cysteine protease and is likely to participate in the host immune response against bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-guang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yong-hua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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