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Khamit A, Chakraborty P, Zahorán S, Villányi Z, Orvos H, Hermesz E. Stress-Induced Changes in Nucleocytoplasmic Localization of Crucial Factors in Gene Expression Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3895. [PMID: 38612704 PMCID: PMC11012061 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the toxic effect of harmful materials, unfiltered by the placenta, on neonatal umbilical cord (UC) vessels, focusing on stress-induced adaptations in transcriptional and translational processes. It aims to analyze changes in pathways related to mRNA condensate formation, transcriptional regulation, and DNA damage response under maternal smoking-induced stress. UC vessels from neonates born to smoking (Sm) and nonsmoking mothers (Ctr) were examined. Immunofluorescence staining and confocal microscopy assessed the localization of key markers, including Transcription Complex Subunit 1 (CNOT1) and the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II enzyme (RPB1). Additionally, markers of DNA damage response, such as Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1, were evaluated. In Sm samples, dissolution of CNOT1 granules in UC vessels was observed, potentially aiding stalled translation and enhancing transcription via RPB1 assembly and translocation. Control vessels showed predominant cytoplasmic RPB1 localization. Despite adaptive responses, Sm endothelial cells exhibited significant damage, indicated by markers like Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1. Ex vivo metal treatment on control vessels mirrored Sm sample alterations, emphasizing marker roles in cell survival under toxic exposure. Maternal smoking induces specific molecular adaptations in UC vessels, affecting mRNA condensate formation, transcriptional regulation, and DNA damage response pathways. Understanding these intricate molecular mechanisms could inform interventions to improve neonatal health outcomes and mitigate adverse effects of toxic exposure during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khamit
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary; (A.K.); (P.C.); (S.Z.); (Z.V.)
| | - Payal Chakraborty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary; (A.K.); (P.C.); (S.Z.); (Z.V.)
| | - Szabolcs Zahorán
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary; (A.K.); (P.C.); (S.Z.); (Z.V.)
| | - Zoltán Villányi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary; (A.K.); (P.C.); (S.Z.); (Z.V.)
| | - Hajnalka Orvos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Edit Hermesz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary; (A.K.); (P.C.); (S.Z.); (Z.V.)
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2
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Interdisciplinary Overview of Lipopeptide and Protein-Containing Biosurfactants. Genes (Basel) 2022; 14:genes14010076. [PMID: 36672817 PMCID: PMC9859011 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosurfactants are amphipathic molecules capable of lowering interfacial and superficial tensions. Produced by living organisms, these compounds act the same as chemical surfactants but with a series of improvements, the most notable being biodegradability. Biosurfactants have a wide diversity of categories. Within these, lipopeptides are some of the more abundant and widely known. Protein-containing biosurfactants are much less studied and could be an interesting and valuable alternative. The harsh temperature, pH, and salinity conditions that target organisms can sustain need to be understood for better implementation. Here, we will explore biotechnological applications via lipopeptide and protein-containing biosurfactants. Also, we discuss their natural role and the organisms that produce them, taking a glimpse into the possibilities of research via meta-omics and machine learning.
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3
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Molecular Background of Toxic-Substances-Induced Morphological Alterations in the Umbilical Cord Vessels and Fetal Red Blood Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314673. [PMID: 36499001 PMCID: PMC9736329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between smoking and human health has been investigated mostly in adults, despite the fact that the chemicals originating from sustained maternal smoking disrupt the carefully orchestrated regulatory cascades in the developing fetus. In this study, we followed molecular alterations in the umbilical cord (UC) vessels and fetal red blood cells (RBCs), which faithfully reflect the in vivo status of the fetus. We showed evidence for the decreased level of DNA-PKcs-positive nuclei in samples with smoking origin, which is associated with the impaired DNA repair system. Furthermore, we pointed out the altered ratio of MMP-9 metalloproteinase and its endogenous inhibitor TIMP-1, which might be a possible explanation for the morphological abnormalities in the UC vessels. The presented in vivo dataset emphasizes the higher vulnerability of the veins, as the primary target for the toxic materials unfiltered by the placenta. All these events become amplified by the functionally impaired fetal RBC population via a crosstalk mechanism between the vessel endothelium and the circulating RBCs. In our ex vivo approach, we looked for the molecular explanation of metal-exposure-induced alterations, where expressions of the selected genes were upregulated in the control group, while samples with smoking origin showed a lack of response, indicative of prior long-term in utero exposure.
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Dall'Alba G, Casa PL, Abreu FPD, Notari DL, de Avila E Silva S. A Survey of Biological Data in a Big Data Perspective. BIG DATA 2022; 10:279-297. [PMID: 35394342 DOI: 10.1089/big.2020.0383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The amount of available data is continuously growing. This phenomenon promotes a new concept, named big data. The highlight technologies related to big data are cloud computing (infrastructure) and Not Only SQL (NoSQL; data storage). In addition, for data analysis, machine learning algorithms such as decision trees, support vector machines, artificial neural networks, and clustering techniques present promising results. In a biological context, big data has many applications due to the large number of biological databases available. Some limitations of biological big data are related to the inherent features of these data, such as high degrees of complexity and heterogeneity, since biological systems provide information from an atomic level to interactions between organisms or their environment. Such characteristics make most bioinformatic-based applications difficult to build, configure, and maintain. Although the rise of big data is relatively recent, it has contributed to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of life. The main goal of this article is to provide a concise and reliable survey of the application of big data-related technologies in biology. As such, some fundamental concepts of information technology, including storage resources, analysis, and data sharing, are described along with their relation to biological data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Dall'Alba
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biotechnology Institute, Department of Life Sciences, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
- Genome Science and Technology Program, Faculty of Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Pedro Lenz Casa
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biotechnology Institute, Department of Life Sciences, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Pessi de Abreu
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biotechnology Institute, Department of Life Sciences, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Daniel Luis Notari
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biotechnology Institute, Department of Life Sciences, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Scheila de Avila E Silva
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biotechnology Institute, Department of Life Sciences, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
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5
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Fetal oxygen supply can be improved by an effective cross-talk between fetal erythrocytes and vascular endothelium. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166243. [PMID: 34371111 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In twin/multiple pregnancy, siblings experience an adverse intrauterine environment which forms the major etiological factor leading to pathological conditions. The status of the developing fetus is highly determined by the nitric oxide (NO) level, that facilitates vasodilation which in turn modulates the oxygen and nutrition supply. As the umbilical cord (UC) lacks innervation, activation of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) is fundamental to maintain adequate NO production. Recent ground breaking fact showed that under stress conditions, circulating red blood cells (RBCs) can actively produces NO as a "rescue mechanism". Therefore, this study majorly focused on the molecular mechanisms that affected the redox environment by altering NOS3 activation - both in the UC arteries and vein endothelium and RBCs - that have impacts on developmental parameters, like birth weight. In connection to that, we pursued the communication efficiency between the vessels' endothelium and the circulating RBCs in demand of bioavailable NO. Our results indicated that twinning itself at stage 33-35 weeks, does not reduce the NOS3 level and its phosphorylation status in the cord vessels. However, RBC-NOS3 activation is highly upregulated during this period - providing additional evidence for the active regulatory role of fetal RBCs in the rate of blood flow - and this functional activity highly correlates with the birth weight of the fetuses. Detailed analysis on NOS3 signalling at different time points of gestation could establish a benchmark in understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the process of developing neonatal vascular diseases.
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Zahorán S, Szántó PR, Bódi N, Bagyánszki M, Maléth J, Hegyi P, Sári T, Hermesz E. Sustained Maternal Smoking Triggers Endothelial-Mediated Oxidative Stress in the Umbilical Cord Vessels, Resulting in Vascular Dysfunction. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040583. [PMID: 33918732 PMCID: PMC8069726 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability is fundamental in the regulation of redox balance and functionality of the endothelium, especially in the case of the umbilical cord (UC), which has no innervation. The analysis of UC vessel-related complications could serve as a useful tool in the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to neonatal cardiovascular disorders. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the mechanisms that rule the severity of prenatal endothelial dysfunction, induced by the long-term effect of maternal smoking. Our analysis describes the initiation and the consequences of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) deactivation, along with the up-regulation of possible compensatory pathways, using structural, molecular and biochemical approaches. This study was carried out on both the UC arteries and veins originated from neonates born to non-smoking and heavy-smoking mothers. The alterations stimulated by maternal smoking are vessel-specific and proportional to the level of exposure to harmful materials passed through the placenta. Typically, in the primarily exposed veins, an increased formation of reactive oxygen species and an up-regulation of the highly-efficient NOS2-NO producing pathway were detected. Despite all the extensive structural and functional damages, the ex vivo heat and cadmium ion-treated UC vein pieces still support the potential for stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szabolcs Zahorán
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary; (S.Z.); (P.R.S.)
| | - Péter R. Szántó
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary; (S.Z.); (P.R.S.)
| | - Nikolett Bódi
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary; (N.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Mária Bagyánszki
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary; (N.B.); (M.B.)
| | - József Maléth
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary;
- HAS-USZ Momentum Epithel Cell Signalling and Secretion Research Group, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Hegyi
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7601 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Tamás Sári
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Edit Hermesz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary; (S.Z.); (P.R.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-(62)-544-887
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7
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Chakraborty P, Dugmonits KN, Orvos H, Hermesz E. Mature Twin Neonates Exhibit Oxidative Stress via Nitric Oxide Synthase Dysfunctionality: A Prognostic Stress Marker in the Red Blood Cells and Umbilical Cord Vessels. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090845. [PMID: 32927592 PMCID: PMC7555925 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine hypoxic condition increases the generation of reactive oxygen species and fetal oxidative stress. Multiple pregnancy always bears an additional oxidative stress condition with severe complications, such as prematurity, structural abnormalities, delayed development and low birthweight. The umbilical cord (UC) vessels, along with circulating fetal red blood cells (RBCs), highly determine the oxygenation status of fetus and regulate the feto-placental circulation. As UC lacks innervation, the activation of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) is fundamental for proper NO production. Therefore, we aimed to study the NOS3 activation pathways along with damages to macromolecules in the endothelium of UC vessels and RBCs of mature non-discordant twins, in connection to major differences in their birth weight. We provide evidence that, under severe hypoxic conditions such as twin pregnancy, the NOS3-related NO production pathways are altered both in UC vessels and RBCs; moreover, the extent of changes is highly birthweight-specific. Furthermore, macromolecular damages are prominent in the RBCs and arteries compared to the vein, with a similar increase in the Arginase1 level, which is believed to play a role in NOS3 functionality, resulting in endothelial dysfunctionality, which might have relevance to the major etiologies of cardiovascular diseases in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Chakraborty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, P.O.Box 533, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary; (P.C.); (K.N.D.)
| | - Krisztina N. Dugmonits
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, P.O.Box 533, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary; (P.C.); (K.N.D.)
| | - Hajnalka Orvos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, P.O.Box 533, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Edit Hermesz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, P.O.Box 533, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary; (P.C.); (K.N.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +36-62-544887
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8
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Torres-Ávila JF, Espitia-Pérez L, Bonatto D, Silva FRD, Oliveira IMD, Silva LFO, Corrêa DS, Dias JF, Silva JD, Henriques JAP. Systems chemo-biology analysis of DNA damage response and cell cycle effects induced by coal exposure. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20190134. [PMID: 32609278 PMCID: PMC7315349 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2019-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle alterations are among the principle hallmarks of cancer. Consequently, the study of cell cycle regulators has emerged as an important topic in cancer research, particularly in relation to environmental exposure. Particulate matter and coal dust around coal mines have the potential to induce cell cycle alterations. Therefore, in the present study, we performed chemical analyses to identify the main compounds present in two mineral coal samples from Colombian mines and performed systems chemo-biology analysis to elucidate the interactions between these chemical compounds and proteins associated with the cell cycle. Our results highlight the role of oxidative stress generated by the exposure to the residues of coal extraction, such as major inorganic oxides (MIOs), inorganic elements (IEs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) on DNA damage and alterations in the progression of the cell cycle (blockage and/or delay), as well as structural dysfunction in several proteins. In particular, IEs such as Cr, Ni, and S and PAHs such as benzo[a]pyrene may have influential roles in the regulation of the cell cycle through DNA damage and oxidative stress. In this process, cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases, zinc finger proteins such as TP53, and protein kinases may play a central role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose F Torres-Ávila
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro de Biotecnologia, Departamento de Biofísica, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Lyda Espitia-Pérez
- Universidad del Sinú, Grupo de Investigación Biomédica y Biología Molecular, Montería, Córdoba, Colombia
| | - Diego Bonatto
- Centro de Biotecnologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Iuri Marques de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro de Biotecnologia, Departamento de Biofísica, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luís F O Silva
- Universidad de la Costa, Civil and Environmental Department, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Dione Silva Corrêa
- Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Toxicologia Aplicada, Centro de Pesquisa de Produtos e Desenvolvimento, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Johnny Ferraz Dias
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Física, Laboratório de Implantação de Íons, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Laboratório de Toxicologia Genética, Canoas, RS, Brazil.,Universidade La Salle, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - João Antonio Pêgas Henriques
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro de Biotecnologia, Departamento de Biofísica, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Laboratório de Genômica, Proteômica e Reparo de DNA, RS, Brazil
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9
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Dalberto D, Nicolau CC, Garcia ALH, Nordin AP, Grivicich I, Silva JD. Cytotoxic and genotoxic evaluation of cotinine using human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y). Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20190123. [PMID: 32478795 PMCID: PMC7271658 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2019-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cotinine is the main metabolite of nicotine, which is metabolized in the liver
through a cytochrome P450 enzyme. Different studies point to genetic instability
caused by nicotine, such as single and double DNA strand breaks and micronuclei
formation, but little is known about the effect of cotinine. Therefore, the
present in vitro study assessed the effects of cotinine on cell
viability and DNA damage in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, as well as genotoxicity
related to oxidative stress mechanisms. Comparisons with nicotine were also
performed. An alkaline comet assay modified by repair endonucleases (FPG, OGG1,
and Endo III) was used to detect oxidized nucleobases. SH-SY5Y neuronal cells
were cultured under standard conditions and exposed for 3 h to different
concentrations of cotinine and nicotine. Cytotoxicity was observed at higher
doses of cotinine and nicotine in the MTT assay. In the trypan blue assay, cells
showed viability above 80% for both compounds. Alkaline comet assay results
demonstrated a significant increase in damage index and frequency for cells
treated with cotinine and nicotine, presenting genotoxicity. The results of the
enzyme-modified comet assay suggest a DNA oxidative damage induced by nicotine.
Unlike other studies, our results demonstrated genotoxicity induced by both
cotinine and nicotine. The similar effects observed for these two pyridine
alkaloids may be due to the similarity of their structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana Dalberto
- Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde - PPGBioSaúde, Laboratório de Toxicologia Genética, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline Cardoso Nicolau
- Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde - PPGBioSaúde, Laboratório de Toxicologia Genética, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Leticia Hilario Garcia
- Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde - PPGBioSaúde, Laboratório de Toxicologia Genética, Canoas, RS, Brazil.,Universidade Feevale, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Qualidade Ambiental, Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriane Perachi Nordin
- Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde - PPGBioSaúde, Laboratório de Toxicologia Genética, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ivana Grivicich
- Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde - PPGBioSaúde, , Laboratório de Biologia de Cancer, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde - PPGBioSaúde, Laboratório de Toxicologia Genética, Canoas, RS, Brazil.,Universidade La Salle, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Canoas, RS, Brazil
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10
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Sirbu IO, Chiş AR, Moise AR. Role of carotenoids and retinoids during heart development. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158636. [PMID: 31978553 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The nutritional requirements of the developing embryo are complex. In the case of dietary vitamin A (retinol, retinyl esters and provitamin A carotenoids), maternal derived nutrients serve as precursors to signaling molecules such as retinoic acid, which is required for embryonic patterning and organogenesis. Despite variations in the composition and levels of maternal vitamin A, embryonic tissues need to generate a precise amount of retinoic acid to avoid congenital malformations. Here, we summarize recent findings regarding the role and metabolism of vitamin A during heart development and we survey the association of genes known to affect retinoid metabolism or signaling with various inherited disorders. A better understanding of the roles of vitamin A in the heart and of the factors that affect retinoid metabolism and signaling can help design strategies to meet nutritional needs and to prevent birth defects and disorders associated with altered retinoid metabolism. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Carotenoids recent advances in cell and molecular biology edited by Johannes von Lintig and Loredana Quadro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioan Ovidiu Sirbu
- Biochemistry Department, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; Timisoara Institute of Complex Systems, V. Lucaciu 18, 300044 Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Aimée Rodica Chiş
- Biochemistry Department, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alexander Radu Moise
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biology and Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada.
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11
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Balogh G, Chakraborty P, Dugmonits KN, Péter M, Végh AG, Vígh L, Hermesz E. Sustained maternal smoking-associated changes in the physico-chemical properties of fetal RBC membranes might serve as early markers for vascular comorbidities. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158615. [PMID: 31926297 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Maternal smoking-induced congenital heart and microvascular defects are closely associated with the impaired functioning of the in-utero feto-placental circulation system. Current groundbreaking facts revealed intimate crosstalk between circulating red blood cells (RBCs) and the vascular endothelium. Thus, RBCs have become the protagonists under varied pathological and adverse pro-oxidative cellular stress conditions. We isolated and screened fetal RBCs from the arterial cord blood of neonates, born to non-smoking (RBC-NS) and smoking mothers (RBC-S), assuming that parameters of fetal RBCs are blueprints of conditions experienced in-utero. Using atomic force microscopy and mass spectrometry-based shotgun lipidomics in the RBC-S population we revealed induced membrane stiffness, loss in intrinsic plastic activities and several abnormalities in their membrane-lipid composition, that could consequently result in perturbed hemodynamic flow movements. Altogether, these features are indicative of the outcome of neonatal microvascular complications and suggest unavailability for the potential rescue mechanism in cases of vascular endothelium impairment due to altered membrane integrity and rheological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Balogh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Payal Chakraborty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Krisztina N Dugmonits
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mária Péter
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila G Végh
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Vígh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Edit Hermesz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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12
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Jiménez-Vidal L, Espitia-Pérez P, Torres-Ávila J, Ricardo-Caldera D, Salcedo-Arteaga S, Galeano-Páez C, Pastor-Sierra K, Espitia-Pérez L. Nuclear factor erythroid 2 - related factor 2 and its relationship with cellular response in nickel exposure: a systems biology analysis. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 20:78. [PMID: 31852525 PMCID: PMC6921378 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-019-0360-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nickel and nickel-containing compounds (NCC) are known human carcinogens. However, the precise molecular mechanisms of nickel-induced malignant transformation remain unknown. Proposed mechanisms suggest that nickel and NCC may participate in the dual activation/inactivation of enzymatic pathways involved in cell defenses against oxidative damage, where Nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays a central role. Methods For assessing the potential role of proteins involved in the Nrf2-mediated response to nickel and NCC exposure, we designed an interactome network using the STITCH search engine version 5.0 and the STRING software 10.0. The major NCC-protein interactome (NCPI) generated was analyzed using the MCODE plugin, version 1.5.1 for the detection of interaction modules or subnetworks. Main centralities of the NCPI were determined with the CentiScape 2.2 plugin of Cytoscape 3.4.0 and main biological processes associated with each cluster were assessed using the BiNGO plugin of Cytoscape 3.4.0. Results Water-soluble NiSO4 and insoluble Ni3S2 were the most connected to proteins involved in the NCPI network. Nfr2 was detected as one of the most relevant proteins in the network, participating in several multifunctional protein complexes in clusters 1, 2, 3 and 5. Ontological analysis of cluster 3 revealed several processes related to unfolded protein response (UPR) and response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Conclusions Cellular response to NCC exposure was very comparable, particularly concerning oxidative stress response, inflammation, cell cycle/proliferation, and apoptosis. In this cellular response, Nfr2 was highly centralized and participated in several multifunctional protein complexes, including several related to ER-stress. These results add evidence on the possible Ni2+ induced – ER stress mainly associated with insoluble NCC. In this scenario, we also show how protein degradation mediated by ubiquitination seems to play key roles in cellular responses to Ni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Jiménez-Vidal
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Grupo de Investigación Biomédica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del Sinú, Calle 38 Cra 1W, Barrio Juan XXIII, Montería, Córdoba, Colombia
| | - Pedro Espitia-Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Grupo de Investigación Biomédica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del Sinú, Calle 38 Cra 1W, Barrio Juan XXIII, Montería, Córdoba, Colombia
| | - José Torres-Ávila
- Unit for Development and Innovation in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Dina Ricardo-Caldera
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales y Resistencia Bacteriana, Universidad del Sinú, Montería, Córdoba, Colombia
| | - Shirley Salcedo-Arteaga
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Grupo de Investigación Biomédica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del Sinú, Calle 38 Cra 1W, Barrio Juan XXIII, Montería, Córdoba, Colombia
| | - Claudia Galeano-Páez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Grupo de Investigación Biomédica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del Sinú, Calle 38 Cra 1W, Barrio Juan XXIII, Montería, Córdoba, Colombia
| | - Karina Pastor-Sierra
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Grupo de Investigación Biomédica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del Sinú, Calle 38 Cra 1W, Barrio Juan XXIII, Montería, Córdoba, Colombia
| | - Lyda Espitia-Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Grupo de Investigación Biomédica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del Sinú, Calle 38 Cra 1W, Barrio Juan XXIII, Montería, Córdoba, Colombia.
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13
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Wiencek JR, Gehrie EA, Keiser AM, Szklarski PC, Johnson-Davis KL, Booth GS. Detection of Nicotine and Nicotine Metabolites in Units of Banked Blood. Am J Clin Pathol 2019; 151:516-521. [PMID: 30715103 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqy176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the concentrations of nicotine and nicotine metabolites in RBC units as a means to estimate the point prevalence of exposure within the healthy donor pool. METHODS Segments from 105 RBC units were tested for the presence of nicotine, cotinine, or trans-3'-hydroxycotinine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Of the 20 (19%) units that contained detectable concentrations of nicotine, cotinine, or trans-3'-hydroxycotinine, 19 (18.1%) contained concentrations consistent with the use of a nicotine-containing product within 48 hours of specimen collection. One RBC unit contained nicotine concentrations consistent with passive exposure. CONCLUSIONS Chemicals from nicotine-containing products are detectable within the US RBC supply. Further investigation is needed to determine the risks of transfusion-associated exposure to nicotine and other tobacco-associated chemicals among vulnerable patient populations such as neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joesph R Wiencek
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville
| | - Eric A Gehrie
- Department of Pathology, Division of Transfusion Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Amaris M Keiser
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Penny C Szklarski
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Kamisha L Johnson-Davis
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City
| | - Garrett S Booth
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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14
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Berenguer M, Darnaudery M, Claverol S, Bonneu M, Lacombe D, Rooryck C. Prenatal retinoic acid exposure reveals candidate genes for craniofacial disorders. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17492. [PMID: 30504818 PMCID: PMC6269437 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35681-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Syndromes that display craniofacial anomalies comprise a major class of birth defects. Both genetic and environmental factors, including prenatal retinoic acid (RA) exposure, have been associated with these syndromes. While next generation sequencing has allowed the discovery of new genes implicated in these syndromes, some are still poorly characterized such as Oculo-Auriculo-Vertebral Spectrum (OAVS). Due to the lack of clear diagnosis for patients, developing new strategies to identify novel genes involved in these syndromes is warranted. Thus, our study aimed to explore the link between genetic and environmental factors. Owing to a similar phenotype of OAVS reported after gestational RA exposures in humans and animals, we explored RA targets in a craniofacial developmental context to reveal new candidate genes for these related disorders. Using a proteomics approach, we detected 553 dysregulated proteins in the head region of mouse embryos following their exposure to prenatal RA treatment. This novel proteomic approach implicates changes in proteins that are critical for cell survival/apoptosis and cellular metabolism which could ultimately lead to the observed phenotype. We also identified potential molecular links between three major environmental factors known to contribute to craniofacial defects including maternal diabetes, prenatal hypoxia and RA exposure. Understanding these links could help reveal common key pathogenic mechanisms leading to craniofacial disorders. Using both in vitro and in vivo approaches, this work identified two new RA targets, Gnai3 and Eftud2, proteins known to be involved in craniofacial disorders, highlighting the power of this proteomic approach to uncover new genes whose dysregulation leads to craniofacial defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Berenguer
- University Bordeaux, Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), U 1211 INSERM, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Muriel Darnaudery
- Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition et neurobiologie intégrée (NUTRINEURO), UMR 1286, 146, rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France - Inra, Nutrition et neurobiologie intégrée (NUTRINEURO), UMR 1286, F-33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphane Claverol
- Center of Functional Genomics, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marc Bonneu
- Center of Functional Genomics, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Didier Lacombe
- University Bordeaux, Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), U 1211 INSERM, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Caroline Rooryck
- University Bordeaux, Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), U 1211 INSERM, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
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Abstract
Determining the predictors of serum retinol at mid-pregnancy is relevant for planning interventions aimed at improving vitamin A status of pregnant women and their offspring. This prospective study assessed predictors of serum retinol at the beginning of the third trimester of pregnancy. We enrolled 442 pregnant women living in the urban area of Cruzeiro do Sul, Western Brazilian Amazon. Demographic, socio-economic, environmental and clinical characteristics as well as obstetric history, anthropometric, dietary and biochemical data, including serum retinol, were gathered between 16 and 20 gestational weeks. Serum retinol also measured at the beginning of the third trimester of pregnancy (approximately 28 gestational weeks) was the outcome of interest. Multiple linear regression models were used to evaluate associations with the outcome. Overall, the following variables explained serum retinol at the beginning of the third trimester of pregnancy in the adjusted model (R 2 = 11·1 %): seasonality (winter season - November to April; β=0·134; 95 % CI 0·063, 0·206), weekly consumption of Amazonian fruits (β=0·087; 95 % CI 0·012, 0·162) and retinol concentrations between 16 and 20 gestational weeks (β=0·045; 95 % CI 0·016, 0·074) were positively associated, whereas having a smoker in the house was negatively associated (β=-0·087; 95 % CI: -0·166, -0·009). Consumption of pro-vitamin A-rich fruits by pregnant women should be encouraged. Passive smoking may play a role in decreasing vitamin A status as a proxy of smoking exposure during pregnancy.
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16
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Kahl VFS, da Silva FR, Alves JDS, da Silva GF, Picinini J, Dhillon VS, Fenech M, de Souza MR, Dias JF, de Souza CT, Salvador M, Branco CDS, Thiesen FV, Simon D, da Silva J. Role of PON1, SOD2, OGG1, XRCC1, and XRCC4 polymorphisms on modulation of DNA damage in workers occupationally exposed to pesticides. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 159:164-171. [PMID: 29747151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco farming has been proving to induce poor health outcomes in agricultural workers, genomic instability being the triggering one. This study evaluated influence of PON1 (paraoxonase 1), SOD2 (superoxide dismutase), OGG1 (8-oxoguanine glycosylase), XRCC1 (X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 1), and XRCC4 (X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 4) genes polymorphisms on DNA damage in 121 subjects occupationally exposed to pesticides mixtures and nicotine at tobacco fields and 121 non-exposed individuals. Inorganic elements (Cl, P, S and Zn) and cotinine levels were found increased in farmers, confirming exposure. Results show higher frequencies of buccal micronucleus (MN), nuclear buds (NBUD), binucleated cells (BN) and damage index (comet assay), reduced telomere length (TL), and increased parameters of oxidative stress in farmers compared to non-exposed individuals. PON1 Gln/Gln genotype was associated with increased MN frequency. SOD2 Val/Val showed association with increased frequency of MN and NBUD and decreased antioxidant activity. The XRCC1 Arg/Arg showed protective effect for MN, BN and TL, which was also positively influenced by OGG1 -/Cys. MN was decreased in XRCC4 -/Ile farmers. These genotypes also showed a risk for antioxidant activity. Our study proposes that PON1 and SOD2 variants play a role in xenobiotic-metabolizing system in farmers, while base excision repair (BER) pathway could be the repair mechanism involved in genomic instability suffered by tobacco farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian F Silva Kahl
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Post-Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Jodel da Silva Alves
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Post-Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabrieli Flesch da Silva
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Post-Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Picinini
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Post-Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Varinderpal Singh Dhillon
- Health and Biosecurity Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michael Fenech
- Health and Biosecurity Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Melissa Rosa de Souza
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Post-Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Johnny F Dias
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Physics Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Claudia Telles de Souza
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Physics Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mirian Salvador
- Biotechnology Institute, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Flávia Valadão Thiesen
- Toxicology Institute, Catholic Pontifice University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel Simon
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Post-Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Post-Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
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17
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Kahl VFS, Dhillon VS, Simon D, da Silva FR, Salvador M, Branco CDS, Cappetta M, Martínez-López W, Thiesen FV, Dias JF, Souza CTD, Fenech M, da Silva J. Chronic occupational exposure endured by tobacco farmers from Brazil and association with DNA damage. Mutagenesis 2018; 33:119-128. [PMID: 29669110 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gex045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco farming is an important economic income in Brazil, although it has been challenged as regard the occupational exposure to both pesticides and nicotine endured by farmers. Chronic occupational exposure to complex mixtures can lead to health hazardous. We examined genomic instability and epigenetic changes in tobacco farmers occupationally exposed to pesticide mixtures and nicotine at tobacco fields. DNA damage was assessed by alkaline comet assay in blood cells. Genomic DNA was isolated, and telomere length was measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. We measured 5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine, a marker of global DNA methylation, and p16 promoter methylation. The oxidative profile was evaluated by trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) in serum. Exposure parameters, plasma cotinine and inorganic element levels, were also measured. DNA damage was significantly elevated for farmers in relation to unexposed group (P < 0.001; Mann-Whitney test) and positively associated with years of exposure. Inverse relationship between DNA damage and total equivalent antioxidant activity was demonstrated for exposed and unexposed groups. Exposed group showed significantly shorter telomeres (P < 0.001; unpaired t-test) and DNA hypomethylation (P < 0.001; unpaired t-test), as well as p16 hypermethylation (P = 0.003; Mann-Whitney test). Lipid peroxidation was increased for exposed group in relation to unexposed one (P = 0.02; Mann-Whitney test) and presented a positive correlation with global DNA methylation (P = 0.0264). Farmers have increased plasma cotinine levels (P < 0.001) and inorganic elements (phosphorus, sulphur and chlorine) in relation to unexposed group. Elevated oxidative stress levels due to chronic occupational pesticide mixtures and nicotine exposure in tobacco farmers were associated with higher DNA damage, shorter telomeres and altered DNA methylation. Telomere-accelerated attrition due to exposure may be potential intermediate step before a disease state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vívian F Silva Kahl
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Post-Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, São José, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Varinderpal Singh Dhillon
- Health and Biosecurity Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Daniel Simon
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Post-Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, São José, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Rabaioli da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Environmental Impact Assessment, UniLaSalle, Av. Victor Barreto, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mirian Salvador
- Biotechnology Institute, University of Caxias do Sul, Rua Travessão Solferino, Cruzeiro, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cátia Dos Santos Branco
- Biotechnology Institute, University of Caxias do Sul, Rua Travessão Solferino, Cruzeiro, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mónica Cappetta
- Laboratory of Genetic Epidemiology, Genetics Department, Medicine School, Universidad de la República, Av. General Flores, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Wilner Martínez-López
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Chromosome Patology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Av. Italia, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Flávia V Thiesen
- Toxicology Institute, Catholic Pontifice University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Johnny F Dias
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Physics Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, Agronomia, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Claudia Telles de Souza
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Physics Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, Agronomia, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Michael Fenech
- Health and Biosecurity Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Post-Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, São José, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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18
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Mohd Mutalip SS, Ab-Rahim S, Rajikin MH. Vitamin E as an Antioxidant in Female Reproductive Health. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:E22. [PMID: 29373543 PMCID: PMC5836012 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E was first discovered in 1922 as a substance necessary for reproduction. Following this discovery, vitamin E was extensively studied, and it has become widely known as a powerful lipid-soluble antioxidant. There has been increasing interest in the role of vitamin E as an antioxidant, as it has been discovered to lower body cholesterol levels and act as an anticancer agent. Numerous studies have reported that vitamin E exhibits anti-proliferative, anti-survival, pro-apoptotic, and anti-angiogenic effects in cancer, as well as anti-inflammatory activities. There are various reports on the benefits of vitamin E on health in general. However, despite it being initially discovered as a vitamin necessary for reproduction, to date, studies relating to its effects in this area are lacking. Hence, this paper was written with the intention of providing a review of the known roles of vitamin E as an antioxidant in female reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sharaniza Ab-Rahim
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Sg. Buloh Campus, Selangor 42300, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Hamim Rajikin
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Sg. Buloh Campus, Selangor 42300, Malaysia.
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19
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Hamirah NK, Kamsani YS, Mohamed Nor Khan NA, Ab Rahim S, Rajikin MH. Effects of Nicotine and Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction Supplementation on Cytoskeletal Structures of Murine Pre-Implantation Embryos. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2017; 23:373-379. [PMID: 29217815 PMCID: PMC5731215 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.905447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cytoskeletal structures, in particular actin and tubulin, provide a fundamental framework in all cells, including embryos. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of nicotine, which is a source of oxidative stress, and subsequent supplementation with Tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) on actin and tubulin of 2- and 8-cell murine embryos. Material/Methods Thirty female Balb/C mice were divided into 4 groups: Group 1 received: subcutaneous (sc) injection of 0.9% NaCl; Group 2 received sc injection of 3.0 nicotine mg/kg bw/day; Group 3 received 3.0 sc injection of nicotine mg/kg bw/day +60 mg/kg bw/day TRF; and Group 4 received 60 sc injection of TRF mg/kg bw/day for 7 consecutive days. The animals were superovulated with 5 IU PMSG followed by 5 IU hCG 48 h later. Animals were cohabited with fertile males overnight and euthanized through cervical dislocation at 24 h post coitum. Embryos at the 2- and 8-cell stages were harvested, fixed, and stained to visualize actin and tubulin distributions by using CLSM. Results Results showed that at 2-cell stage, actin intensities were significantly reduced in the nicotine group compared to that of the control group (p<0.001). In Group 3, the intensity of actin significantly increased compared to that of the nicotine group (p<0.001). At 8-cell stage, actin intensity of the nicotine group was significantly lower than that of the control group (p<0.001). The intensities of actin in Group 3 were increased compared to that of nicotine treatment alone (p<0.001). The same trend was seen in tubulin at 2- and 8-cell stages. Interestingly, both actin and tubulin structures in the TRF-treated groups were enhanced compared to the control. Conclusions This study suggests that TRF prevents the deleterious effects of nicotine on the cytoskeletal structures of 2- and 8-cell stages of pre-implantation mice embryos in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Kamsani Hamirah
- Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia.,Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yuhaniza Shafinie Kamsani
- Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia.,Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia.,Maternofetal and Embryo Research Group (MatE), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
| | - Nor-Ashikin Mohamed Nor Khan
- Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia.,Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia.,Maternofetal and Embryo Research Group (MatE), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
| | - Sharaniza Ab Rahim
- Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia.,Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hamim Rajikin
- Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia.,Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia.,Maternofetal and Embryo Research Group (MatE), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
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20
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Lee LMY, Leung MBW, Kwok RCY, Leung YC, Wang CC, McCaffery PJ, Copp AJ, Shum ASW. Perturbation of Retinoid Homeostasis Increases Malformation Risk in Embryos Exposed to Pregestational Diabetes. Diabetes 2017; 66:1041-1051. [PMID: 28087565 PMCID: PMC5365142 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Pregestational diabetes is highly associated with an increased risk of birth defects. However, factors that can increase or reduce the expressivity and penetrance of malformations in pregnancies in women with diabetes remain poorly identified. All-trans retinoic acid (RA) plays crucial roles in embryogenesis. Here, we find that Cyp26a1, which encodes a key enzyme for catabolic inactivation of RA required for tight control of local RA concentrations, is significantly downregulated in embryos of diabetic mice. Embryonic tissues expressing Cyp26a1 show reduced efficiency of RA clearance. Embryos exposed to diabetes are thus sensitized to RA and more vulnerable to the deleterious effects of increased RA signaling. Susceptibility to RA teratogenesis is further potentiated in embryos with a preexisting genetic defect of RA metabolism. Increasing RA clearance efficiency using a preconditioning approach can counteract the increased susceptibility to RA teratogenesis in embryos of diabetic mice. Our findings provide new insight into gene-environment interactions that influence individual risk in the manifestation of diabetes-related birth defects and shed light on environmental risk factors and genetic variants for a stratified medicine approach to screening women with diabetes who are of childbearing age and assessing the risk of birth defects during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo M Y Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Maran B W Leung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Rachel C Y Kwok
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yun Chung Leung
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Chi Chiu Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Peter J McCaffery
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, U.K
| | - Andrew J Copp
- Newlife Birth Defects Research Centre, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, U.K
| | - Alisa S W Shum
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Kahl VFS, da Silva J, da Silva FR. Influence of exposure to pesticides on telomere length in tobacco farmers: A biology system approach. Mutat Res 2016; 791-792:19-26. [PMID: 27566293 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Various pesticides in the form of mixtures must be used to keep tobacco crops pest-free. Recent studies have shown a link between occupational exposure to pesticides in tobacco crops and increased damage to the DNA, mononuclei, nuclear buds and binucleated cells in buccal cells as well as micronuclei in lymphocytes. Furthermore, pesticides used specifically for tobacco crops shorten telomere length (TL) significantly. However, the molecular mechanism of pesticide action on telomere length is not fully understood. Our study evaluated the interaction between a complex mixture of chemical compounds (tobacco cultivation pesticides plus nicotine) and proteins associated with maintaining TL, as well as the biological processes involved in this exposure by System Biology tools to provide insight regarding the influence of pesticide exposure on TL maintenance in tobacco farmers. Our analysis showed that one cluster was associated with TL proteins that act in bioprocesses such as (i) telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening; (ii) senescence; (iii) age-dependent telomere shortening; (iv) DNA repair (v) cellular response to stress and (vi) regulation of proteasome ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process. We also describe how pesticides and nicotine regulate telomere length. In addition, pesticides inhibit the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and consequently increase proteins of the shelterin complex, avoiding the access of telomerase in telomere and, nicotine activates UPS mechanisms and promotes the degradation of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), decreasing telomerase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Francília Silva Kahl
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde and PPGGTA, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde and PPGGTA, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil.
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22
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Folkesson M, Sadowska N, Vikingsson S, Karlsson M, Carlhäll CJ, Länne T, Wågsäter D, Jensen L. Differences in cardiovascular toxicities associated with cigarette smoking and snuff use revealed using novel zebrafish models. Biol Open 2016; 5:970-8. [PMID: 27334697 PMCID: PMC4958274 DOI: 10.1242/bio.018812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco use is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease and the only avoidable risk factor associated with development of aortic aneurysm. While smoking is the most common form of tobacco use, snuff and other oral tobacco products are gaining popularity, but research on potentially toxic effects of oral tobacco use has not kept pace with the increase in its use. Here, we demonstrate that cigarette smoke and snuff extracts are highly toxic to developing zebrafish embryos. Exposure to such extracts led to a palette of toxic effects including early embryonic mortality, developmental delay, cerebral hemorrhages, defects in lymphatics development and ventricular function, and aneurysm development. Both cigarette smoke and snuff were more toxic than pure nicotine, indicating that other compounds in these products are also associated with toxicity. While some toxicities were found following exposure to both types of tobacco product, other toxicities, including developmental delay and aneurysm development, were specifically observed in the snuff extract group, whereas cerebral hemorrhages were only found in the group exposed to cigarette smoke extract. These findings deepen our understanding of the pathogenic effects of cigarette smoking and snuff use on the cardiovascular system and illustrate the benefits of using zebrafish to study mechanisms involved in aneurysm development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Folkesson
- Division of Drug Research, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Natalia Sadowska
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Svante Vikingsson
- Division of Drug Research, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Matts Karlsson
- Division of Applied Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics, Department of Management and Engineering, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Carl-Johan Carlhäll
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Toste Länne
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Dick Wågsäter
- Division of Drug Research, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lasse Jensen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
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Kirmse B, Yao TJ, Hofherr S, Kacanek D, Williams PL, Hobbs CV, Hazra R, Borkowsky W, Van Dyke RB, Summar M. Acylcarnitine Profiles in HIV-Exposed, Uninfected Neonates in the United States. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2016; 32:339-48. [PMID: 26548585 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2015.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We sought to determine the prevalence of abnormal acylcarnitine profiles (ACP) in HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) newborns and to explore the association of abnormal ACP with clinical laboratory outcomes and antiretroviral drug exposures. Clinically, ACP are used to assess for fatty acid oxidation (FAO) dysfunction and normal FAO is necessary for optimal fetal/neonatal growth and development. We analyzed serum ACP in 522 HEU neonates enrolled in the Surveillance Monitoring for ART Toxicities (SMARTT) study of the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study (PHACS) and evaluated the associations of abnormal ACP with in utero exposure to combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in logistic regression models, adjusting for maternal demographic, disease, and behavioral characteristics. We evaluated the associations of abnormal ACP with laboratory parameters and measures of neurodevelopment and growth. Of 522 neonates, 89 (17%) had abnormal ACP. In adjusted analyses, in utero exposure to a protease inhibitor (PI) was associated with higher odds of having an abnormal ACP [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.35, 95% CI: 0.96, 5.76, p = 0.06] with marginal significance while exposure to a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) was associated with lower odds (aOR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.80, p = 0.02). Mean ALT levels were slightly higher in those with abnormal ACP, but no differences in lactate, glucose, or CPK were observed. ACP status was not associated with neurodevelopment at 1 year or growth at 2 and 3 years of age. Abnormal ACP in HEU neonates are associated with exposure to PI-containing as opposed to NNRTI-containing antiretroviral (ARV) regimens but are not associated with serious postnatal clinical problems. Further studies are needed to determine the long-term health implications of abnormal acylcarnitine metabolism at birth in HEU children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Kirmse
- Children's National Health System, Division of Genetics & Metabolism, Washington, DC
| | - Tzy-Jyun Yao
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sean Hofherr
- Children's National Health System, Division of Genetics & Metabolism, Washington, DC
| | - Deborah Kacanek
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paige L. Williams
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charlotte V. Hobbs
- New York University/Langone School of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease and Immunology, New York, New York
| | - Rohan Hazra
- National Institutes of Health (NICHD), Maternal and Pediatric Infectious Disease Branch, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - William Borkowsky
- New York University/Langone School of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease and Immunology, New York, New York
| | | | - Marshall Summar
- Children's National Health System, Division of Genetics & Metabolism, Washington, DC
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Inamdar AS, Croucher RE, Chokhandre MK, Mashyakhy MH, Marinho VCC. Maternal Smokeless Tobacco Use in Pregnancy and Adverse Health Outcomes in Newborns: A Systematic Review. Nicotine Tob Res 2014; 17:1058-66. [DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntu255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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25
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Mostowska A, Hozyasz KK, Wójcicki P, Galas-Filipowicz D, Lasota A, Dunin-Wilczyńska I, Lianeri M, Jagodziński PP. Genetic variants in BRIP1 (BACH1) contribute to risk of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 100:670-8. [PMID: 25045080 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The etiology of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is very complex and still not well elucidated. Given the critical role of DNA damage repair in the embryonic development, we decided to test the hypothesis that polymorphisms of selected DNA repair genes might contribute to the risk of NSCL/P in the Polish population. METHODS Analysis of 36 polymorphisms in 12 DNA damage repair genes (ATM, BLM, BRCA1, BRIP1, E2F1, MLH1, MRE11A, MSH2, MSH6, NBN, RAD50, and RAD51) was conducted using TaqMan assays in a group of 263 NSCL/P patients and matched control group (n = 526). RESULTS Statistical analysis of genotyping results revealed that nucleotide variants in the BRIP1 (BACH1) gene were associated with the risk of NSCL/P. Under assumption of a dominant model, the calculated odds ratios (ORs) for BRIP1 rs8075370 and rs9897121 were 1.689 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.249-2.282; p = 0.0006) and 1.621 (95% CI, 1.200-2.191; p = 0.0016), respectively. These results were statistically significant even after applying multiple testing correction. Additional evidence for a causative role of BRIP1 in NSCL/P etiology was provided by haplotype analysis. Borderline association with a decreased risk of this anomaly was also observed for BLM rs401549 (ORrecessive = 0.406; 95% CI, 0.223-1.739; p = 0.002) and E2F1 rs2071054 (ORdominant = 0.632; 95% CI, 0.469-0.852; p = 0.003). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that polymorphic variants of DNA damage repair genes play a role in the susceptibility to NSCL/P. BRIP1 might be novel candidate gene for this common developmental anomaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna Mostowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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26
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Feltes BC, de Faria Poloni J, Nunes IJG, Bonatto D. Fetal alcohol syndrome, chemo-biology and OMICS: ethanol effects on vitamin metabolism during neurodevelopment as measured by systems biology analysis. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2014; 18:344-63. [PMID: 24816220 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2013.0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a prenatal disease characterized by fetal morphological and neurological abnormalities originating from exposure to alcohol. Although FAS is a well-described pathology, the molecular mechanisms underlying its progression are virtually unknown. Moreover, alcohol abuse can affect vitamin metabolism and absorption, although how alcohol impairs such biochemical pathways remains to be elucidated. We employed a variety of systems chemo-biology tools to understand the interplay between ethanol metabolism and vitamins during mouse neurodevelopment. For this purpose, we designed interactomes and employed transcriptomic data analysis approaches to study the neural tissue of Mus musculus exposed to ethanol prenatally and postnatally, simulating conditions that could lead to FAS development at different life stages. Our results showed that FAS can promote early changes in neurotransmitter release and glutamate equilibrium, as well as an abnormal calcium influx that can lead to neuroinflammation and impaired neurodifferentiation, both extensively connected with vitamin action and metabolism. Genes related to retinoic acid, niacin, vitamin D, and folate metabolism were underexpressed during neurodevelopment and appear to contribute to neuroinflammation progression and impaired synapsis. Our results also indicate that genes coding for tubulin, tubulin-associated proteins, synapse plasticity proteins, and proteins related to neurodifferentiation are extensively affected by ethanol exposure. Finally, we developed a molecular model of how ethanol can affect vitamin metabolism and impair neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno César Feltes
- Centro de Biotecnologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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27
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Environmental pollutants and lifestyle factors induce oxidative stress and poor prenatal development. Reprod Biomed Online 2014; 29:17-31. [PMID: 24813750 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Developmental toxicity caused by exposure to a mixture of environmental pollutants has become a major health concern. Human-made chemicals, including xenoestrogens, pesticides and heavy metals, as well as unhealthy lifestyle behaviours, mainly tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption and medical drug abuse, are major factors that adversely influence prenatal development and increase susceptibility of offspring to diseases. There is evidence to suggest that the developmental toxicological mechanisms of chemicals and lifestyle factors involve the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cellular oxidative damage. Overproduction of ROS induces oxidative stress, a state where increased ROS generation overwhelms antioxidant protection and subsequently leads to oxidative damage of cellular macromolecules. Data on the involvement of oxidative stress in the mechanism of developmental toxicity following exposure to environmental pollutants are reviewed in an attempt to provide an updated basis for future studies on the toxic effect of such pollutants, particularly the notion of increased risk for developmental toxicity due to combined and cumulative exposure to various environmental pollutants. The aims of such studies are to better understand the mechanisms by which environmental pollutants adversely affect conceptus development and to elucidate the impact of cumulative exposures to multiple pollutants on post-natal development and health outcomes. Developmental toxicity caused by exposure to mixture of environmental pollutants has become a major health concern. Human-made chemicals, including xenoestrogens, pesticides and heavy metals, as well as unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, mainly tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption and medical drug abuse, are major factors that adversely influence prenatal development and increase the susceptibility of offspring to development complications and diseases. There is evidence to suggest that the developmental toxicological mechanisms of human-made chemicals and unhealthy lifestyle factors involve the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cellular oxidative damage. Overproduction of ROS induces oxidative stress, a state where increased generation of ROS overwhelms antioxidant protection and subsequently leads to oxidative damage of cellular macromolecules. Exposure to various environmental pollutants induces synergic and cumulative dose-additive adverse effects on prenatal development, pregnancy outcomes and neonate health. Data from the literature on the involvement of oxidative stress in the mechanism of developmental toxicity following in vivo exposure to environmental pollutants will be reviewed in an attempt to provide an updated basis for future studies on the toxic effect of such pollutants, particularly the notion of increased risk for developmental toxicity due to combined and cumulative exposure to various environmental pollutants. The aims of such studies are to better understand the mechanisms by which environmental pollutants adversely affect conceptus development and to elucidate the impact of cumulative exposures to multiple pollutants on postnatal development and health outcomes.
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Street ME, Buscema M, Smerieri A, Montanini L, Grossi E. Artificial Neural Networks, and Evolutionary Algorithms as a systems biology approach to a data-base on fetal growth restriction. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 113:433-8. [PMID: 23827462 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the specific aims of systems biology is to model and discover properties of cells, tissues and organisms functioning. A systems biology approach was undertaken to investigate possibly the entire system of intra-uterine growth we had available, to assess the variables of interest, discriminate those which were effectively related with appropriate or restricted intrauterine growth, and achieve an understanding of the systems in these two conditions. The Artificial Adaptive Systems, which include Artificial Neural Networks and Evolutionary Algorithms lead us to the first analyses. These analyses identified the importance of the biochemical variables IL-6, IGF-II and IGFBP-2 protein concentrations in placental lysates, and offered a new insight into placental markers of fetal growth within the IGF and cytokine systems, confirmed they had relationships and offered a critical assessment of studies previously performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Street
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14-43126 Parma, Italy.
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