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Kim JW, Kim JM, Choi ME, Jeon EJ, Park JM, Kim YM, Choi JS. Adiponectin is associated with inflammaging and age-related salivary gland lipid accumulation. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:1840-1858. [PMID: 36988495 PMCID: PMC10085617 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Dry mouth is frequently observed in the elderly, and enhanced lipid accumulation plays a critical role in cellular senescence in the salivary gland (SG). We investigated the mechanisms that mediate lipogenesis-associated SG senescence. Adult (28.6 ± 6.6 y.o. and 43.3 ± 1.5 y.o.) and aged (82.0 ± 4.3 y.o. and 88.0 ± 4.3 y.o.) human parotid and submandibular glands were compared with respect to histologic findings, 8-OHdG (8-hydroxy 2 deoxyguanosine) expression patterns, TUNEL (Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling) and SA-β-gal (senescence-associated β-galactosidase) assay results. Also, microarray analysis was performed on RNA extracted from adult and aged SG to identify DEGs (differentially expressed genes). The effects of silencing ADIPOQ (Adiponectin) were evaluated by quantifying cell proliferation, immunohistochemical staining for cellular senescence and inflammation-associated proteins, SA-β-gal assays, RT-PCR, and western blot. Histological findings demonstrated the presence of more lipocytes, chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and lymphocytic infiltration in old SG. In addition, old tissues demonstrated higher expressions of SA-β-gal, more apoptotic cells in TUNEL assays, and higher oxidative stress by 8-OHdG immunostaining. Microarray analysis showed lipogenesis was significantly upregulated in old tissues. Silencing of ADIPOQ (a lipogenesis-related gene) reduced inflammation and SA-β-gal levels and increased cell proliferation and the expressions of amylase and aquaporin 5 in human SG epithelial cells. The study shows ADIPOQ is a potential target molecule for the modulation of lipogenesis associated with SG senescence.
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Dave A, Nekritz E, Charytonowicz D, Beaumont M, Smith M, Beaumont K, Silva J, Sebra R. Integration of Single-Cell Transcriptomics With a High Throughput Functional Screening Assay to Resolve Cell Type, Growth Kinetics, and Stemness Heterogeneity Within the Comma-1D Cell Line. Front Genet 2022; 13:894597. [PMID: 36630696 PMCID: PMC9237515 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.894597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell lines are one of the most frequently implemented model systems in life sciences research as they provide reproducible high throughput testing. Differentiation of cell cultures varies by line and, in some cases, can result in functional modifications within a population. Although research is increasingly dependent on these in vitro model systems, the heterogeneity within cell lines has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we have leveraged high throughput single-cell assays to investigate the Comma-1D mouse cell line that is known to differentiate in culture. Using scRNASeq and custom single-cell phenotype assays, we resolve the clonal heterogeneity within the referenced cell line on the genomic and functional level. We performed a cohesive analysis of the transcriptome of 5,195 sequenced cells, of which 85.3% of the total reads successfully mapped to the mm10-3.0.0 reference genome. Across multiple gene expression analysis pipelines, both luminal and myoepithelial lineages were observed. Deep differential gene expression analysis revealed eight subclusters identified as luminal progenitor, luminal differentiated, myoepithelial differentiated, and fibroblast subpopulations-suggesting functional clustering within each lineage. Gene expression of published mammary stem cell (MaSC) markers Epcam, Cd49f, and Sca-1 was detected across the population, with 116 (2.23%) sequenced cells expressing all three markers. To gain insight into functional heterogeneity, cells with patterned MaSC marker expression were isolated and phenotypically investigated through a custom single-cell high throughput assay. The comparison of growth kinetics demonstrates functional heterogeneity within each cell cluster while also illustrating significant limitations in current cell isolation methods. We outlined the upstream use of our novel automated cell identification platform-to be used prior to single-cell culture-for reduced cell stress and improved rare cell identification and capture. Through compounding single-cell pipelines, we better reveal the heterogeneity within Comma-1D to identify subpopulations with specific functional characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpit Dave
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Erin Nekritz
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Daniel Charytonowicz
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Michael Beaumont
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Melissa Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Kristin Beaumont
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jose Silva
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Robert Sebra
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Center for Advanced Genomics Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Sema4, A Mount Sinai Venture, Stamford, CT, United States
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Fan X, Zhang Z, Qiu L, Zhang Y, Miao Y. Polymorphisms of the kappa casein ( CSN3) gene and inference of its variants in water buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis). Arch Anim Breed 2019; 62:585-596. [PMID: 31893216 PMCID: PMC6920614 DOI: 10.5194/aab-62-585-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Kappa casein plays a crucial role in the formation of stable casein micelles and has a key influence on milk-clotting properties. However, current understanding of buffalo CSN3 gene polymorphisms is not sufficient. In this study, the polymorphisms in the complete coding sequence (CDS) of the buffalo CSN3 were detected using PCR product direct sequencing. The CDS of CSN3 for river and swamp buffalo was the same in length, which contained an open reading frame of 573 nucleotides encoding a peptide containing 190 amino acid residues. A total of eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was identified in two types of buffalo. Among them, c.86C>T, c.252G>C, c.445G>A, c.467C>T and c.516A>C were non-synonymous, which leads to p.Pro8Leu, p.Lys63Asn, p.Val128Ile, p.Thr135Ile and p.Glu151Asp substitutions in buffalo kappa casein ( κ -CN), respectively. The substitution of p.Thr135Ile may exert a vital effect on the function of buffalo κ -CN. Eleven haplotypes were defined based on the SNPs found in buffalo, and accordingly, seven protein variants and four synonymous variants of buffalo κ -CN were inferred, called variants A, B, B 1 , C, C 1 , C 2 , D, E, F, F 1 and G. The variants observed in water buffalo did not exist in the Bos genus. In addition, 14 amino acid differential sites of κ -CN between buffalo and the Bos genus were identified, of which 3 were located at glycosylation sites (80S, 96T, 141S) and 4 at phosphorylation sites (19S, 80S, 96T, 141S). It is speculated that they may lead to differences in the physicochemical properties of κ -CN between buffalo and the Bos genus. This study will lay a foundation for exploring the association between the variation in the CSN3 gene and the lactation traits of buffalo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Fan
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Zifang Zhang
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary medicine, Yunnan Agricultural College of Vocational Education, Kunming 650212, Yunnan, China
| | - Lihua Qiu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Yongyun Zhang
- Teaching Demonstration Center of the Basic Experiments of Agricultural Majors, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Yongwang Miao
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
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Liao XD, Zhou CH, Zhang J, Shen JL, Wang YJ, Jin YC, Li SL. Effect of all-trans retinoic acid on casein and fatty acid synthesis in MAC-T cells. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019; 33:1012-1022. [PMID: 31480153 PMCID: PMC7206372 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Objective Caseins and fatty acids of milk are synthesized and secreted by the epithelial cells of the mammary gland. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), an active metabolite of vitamin A, has been shown to promote mammary development. This study was conducted to determine the effect of ATRA on casein synthesis and fatty acid composition in MAC-T cells. Methods MAC-T cells were allowed to differentiate for 4 d, treated with ATRA (0, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 μM), and incubated for 3 d. We analyzed the fatty acid composition, the mRNA expression of casein and fatty acid synthesis-related genes, and the phosphorylation of casein synthesis-related proteins of MAC-T cells by gas chromatography, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting, respectively. Results In MAC-T cells, ATRA increased the mRNA levels of αS1-casein and β-casein, janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and E74-like factor 5 of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 β (STAT5-β) pathway, ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 (S6K1) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, inhibited the mRNA expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E of the mTOR pathway, and promoted the phosphorylation of STAT5-β and S6K1 proteins. Additionally, ATRA increased the de novo synthesis of fatty acids, reduced the content of long-chain fatty acids, the ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids (SFA), the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to SFA, and the ratio of ω-6 to ω-3 PUFA. The mRNA levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1, fatty acid synthase, lipoprotein lipase, stearoyl-CoA desaturase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) were enhanced by ATRA. Conclusion ATRA promotes the synthesis of casein by regulating JAK2/STAT5 pathway and downstream mTOR signaling pathway, and it improves the fatty acid composition of MAC-T cells by regulating SREBP1-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Dong Liao
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Chang-Hai Zhou
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jing-Lin Shen
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Ya-Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yong-Cheng Jin
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Sheng-Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Nair SS, Das S S, Nair RP, Indira M. Supplementation of all trans retinoic acid ameliorates ethanol-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress. Arch Physiol Biochem 2018; 124:131-138. [PMID: 28857622 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1369548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Molecular pathogenesis of chronic alcoholism is linked to increased endoplasmic reticulum stress. Ethanol is a competitive inhibitor of vitamin A metabolism and vitamin A supplementation aggravates existing liver problems. Hence, we probed into the impact of supplementation of all trans retinoic acid (ATRA), the active metabolite of vitamin A on ethanol-induced endoplasmic reticulcum stress. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups - I: Control; II: Ethanol; III: ATRA; IV: ATRA + Ethanol. After 90 days the animals were sacrificed to study markers of lipid peroxidation in hepatic microsomal fraction and expression of ER stress proteins and apoptosis in liver. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Ethanol caused hepatic hyperlipidemia, enhanced microsomal lipid peroxidation, upregulated expression of unfolded protein response associated proteins and that of apoptosis. Ethanol also led to downregulation of retinoid receptors. ATRA supplementation reversed all these alterations indicating the decrease in ethanol-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saritha S Nair
- a Department of Biochemistry , University of Kerala , Thiruvananthapuram , Kerala , India
| | - Syam Das S
- a Department of Biochemistry , University of Kerala , Thiruvananthapuram , Kerala , India
| | - Reshma P Nair
- b Agroprocessing and Technology Division , CSIR-NIIST , Thiruvananthapuram , Kerala , India
| | - M Indira
- a Department of Biochemistry , University of Kerala , Thiruvananthapuram , Kerala , India
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Regulation of retinal pigment epithelial cell phenotype by Annexin A8. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4638. [PMID: 28680125 PMCID: PMC5498634 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03493-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinoic acid derivative fenretinide (FR) is capable of transdifferentiating cultured retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells towards a neuronal-like phenotype, but the underlying mechanisms are not understood. To identify genes involved in this process we performed a microarray analysis of RPE cells pre- and post-FR treatment, and observed a marked down-regulation of AnnexinA8 (AnxA8) in transdifferentiated cells. To determine whether AnxA8 plays a role in maintaining RPE cell phenotype we directly manipulated AnxA8 expression in cultured and primary RPE cells using siRNA-mediated gene suppression, and over-expression of AnxA8-GFP in conjunction with exposure to FR. Treatment of RPE cells with AnxA8 siRNA recapitulated exposure to FR, with cell cycle arrest, neuronal transdifferentiation, and concomitant up-regulation of the neuronal markers calretinin and calbindin, as assessed by real-time PCR and immunofluorescence. In contrast, AnxA8 transient over-expression in ARPE-19 cells prevented FR-induced differentiation. Ectopic expression of AnxA8 in AnxA8-depleted cells led to decreased neuronal marker staining, and normal cell growth as judged by phosphohistone H3 staining, cell counting and cleaved caspase-3 levels. These data show that down-regulation of AnxA8 is both necessary and sufficient for neuronal transdifferentiation of RPE cells and reveal an essential role for AnxA8 as a key regulator of RPE phenotype.
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Lee H, Han NR, Hwang JY, Yun JI, Kim C, Park KH, Lee ST. Gelatin Directly Enhances Neurogenic Differentiation Potential in Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Without Stimulation of Neural Progenitor Cell Proliferation. DNA Cell Biol 2016; 35:530-6. [PMID: 27171118 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2016.3237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gelatin has been reported to induce generation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with enhanced potential of differentiation into neuronal lineage cells. However, the presence of various cell types besides MSCs in bone marrow has raised doubts about the effects of gelatin. In the following report, we determined whether gelatin can directly enhance neurogenic differentiation potential in MSCs without proliferation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs). MSCs comprised a high proportion of bone marrow-derived primary cells (BMPCs) and gelatin induced significant increases in MSC proliferation during primary culture, and the proportion of MSCs was maintained at more than 99% throughout the subculture. However, NPCs comprised a low percentage of BMPCs and a decrease in proliferation was detected despite gelatin treatment during the primary culture, and the proportion of subcultured NPCs gradually decreased. In a similar manner, MSCs exposed to gelatin during primary culture showed more enhanced neurogenic differentiation ability than those not exposed to gelatin. Together, these results demonstrate that gelatin directly enhances neurogenic differentiation in bone marrow-derived MSCs without stimulating NPC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Lee
- 1 Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Na Rae Han
- 1 Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jae Yeon Hwang
- 2 Division of Applied Animal Science, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jung Im Yun
- 3 Division of Animal Resource Science, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Choonghyo Kim
- 4 Department of Neurosurgery, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Kyu Hyun Park
- 1 Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon, Korea.,3 Division of Animal Resource Science, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Seung Tae Lee
- 1 Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon, Korea.,2 Division of Applied Animal Science, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon, Korea
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Jiang Y, Zhang L. Mechanism of all-transretinoic acid increasing retinoblastoma sensitivity to vincristine. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2016; 9:278-82. [PMID: 26972402 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of all-transretinoic acid (ATRA) increasing retinoblastoma (RB) sensitivity to vincristine, and the inhibiting effect of vincristine combined with ATRA treatment on the SO-RB50 cell proliferation. METHODS SO-RB50 cells were cultivated by routine culture method. Different concentrations of vincristine or ATRA were added into culture solution. After 48 h, cell counting kit-8 was used to detect the median inhibitory concentration (IC50) of vincristine combined with ATRT treatment to SO-RB50 cells. SO-RB50 cells were divided into drug combination group, vincristine group, ATRA group and control group. Different drugs were added into the culture solution respectively for cell culture based on the IC50 value. Cell counting kit-8 was used to detect the cell proliferation every 24-h cultivation. After continuous determination for 6 d, data was processed to draw the cell growth curve. After drug use for 72 h, flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of different cell cycles of SO-RB50 cells in each group. After drug use for 48 h, annexin V/propidium iodide method was used to detect the SO-RB50 cell apoptosis in each group. RESULTS The IC50 value of vincristine treatment on the SO-RB50 cells was 0.11 μmol/L, and ATRT was 12.84 μmol/L. The cell growth curve in control group rose gradually along with the extended culture time, but after vincristine and ATRA treatment, the cell growth curve was smooth and steady. The cell increment was the least in drug combination group and its cell growth curve was the smoothest. There was significant difference in A450 48 h and 72 h after treatment (Fgrouping = 77.316, P < 0.001; Ftime = 86.985, P < 0.001). Compared with control group, A450 value in drug combination group, vincristine group, ATRA group was significant lower (P < 0.001). Compared with control group, the G2/M phase cell proportion in vincristine group was significantly increased, while the G0/G1 phase cell proportion was significantly decreased; the G0/G1 phase cell proportion in ATRA group was significantly increased, while the S phase cell proportion was significantly decreased (FG0/G1 = 85.878, Fs = 56.455, FG2/M = 85.878, P < 0.001). After 48 h, there was significant difference in SO-RB50 cell apoptosis rate among groups (F = 11.312, P < 0.05). The apoptosis rate in drug combination group was significantly higher than that of other groups (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS ATRA can increase the sensitivity of SO-RB50 cells to vincristine. Vincristine combined with ATRA treatment can significantly increase the inhibiting effect on SO-RB50 cells, which may be related with promoting cell apoptosis and involving in cell cycle control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
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Zhu Z, Zhu J, Zhao X, Yang K, Lu L, Zhang F, Shen W, Zhang R. All-Trans Retinoic Acid Ameliorates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Reducing Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133414. [PMID: 26186635 PMCID: PMC4506146 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury interferes with the restoration of blood flow to ischemic myocardium. Oxidative stress-elicited apoptosis has been reported to contribute to I/R injury. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has anti-apoptotic activity as previously reported. Here, we investigated the effects and the mechanism of action of ATRA on myocardial I/R injury both in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, ATRA reduced the size of the infarcted area (17.81±1.05% vs. 24.41±1.03%, P<0.05) and rescued cardiac function loss (ejection fraction 46.42±6.76% vs. 37.18±4.63%, P<0.05) after I/R injury. Flow-cytometric analysis and TUNEL assay demonstrated that the protective role of ATRA on myocardial I/R injury was related to its anti-apoptotic effects. The anti-apoptotic effects of ATRA were associated with partial inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and significantly less phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) including p38, JNK, and ERK. Western blot analysis also revealed that ATRA pre-treatment increased a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 (ADAM10) expression (0.65 ± 0.20 vs. 0.41±0.02 in vivo) and reduced the level of receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) (0.38 ± 0.17 vs. 0.52 ± 0.11 in vivo). Concomitantly, the protective role of ATRA on I/R injury was not observed in RAGE-KO mice. The current results indicated that ATRA could prevent myocardial injury and reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis after I/R effectively. One possible mechanism underlying these effects is that ATRA could increase ADAM10 expression and thus cleave RAGE, which is the main receptor up-stream of MAPKs in myocardial I/R injury, resulting in the down-regulation of MAPK signaling and protective role on myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengbin Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Jinzhou Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Xiaoran Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Ke Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Fengru Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Weifeng Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Ruiyan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
- * E-mail:
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Kobayashi T, Suzuki M, Morikawa M, Kino K, Tanuma SI, Miyazawa H. Transcriptional regulation of Tal2 gene by all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) in P19 cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2014; 38:248-56. [PMID: 25482166 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b14-00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
TAL2 is a transcription factor required in the normal development of mouse brain. In a previous study, we demonstrated that the expression of Tal2 gene is induced by the complex of all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) and retinoic acid receptor α (RARα) in mouse embryonal carcinoma P19 cells. atRA is also known to be important in inducing P19 cells to differentiate into the neural lineage. Therefore, we believe that the function of TAL2 in neural differentiation may be clarified by utilizing P19 cells. As the atRA-RARα complex induced the expression of Tal2, we focused on the regulatory region that is involved in its transcription. The atRA-RARα complex occupies a characteristic retinoic acid response element (RARE) located in the promoter of target genes. Therefore, we searched for RARE on the mouse Tal2 and found that a RARE-like element was located in the intron. We also found that a TATA-box-like element was located in the 5'-region of Tal2. Involvement between transcriptional activity and the TATA-box-like element was confirmed in the luciferase assay, and TATA-box binding protein was bound to this element upstream of Tal2 in P19 cells. atRA signaling activated the transcription through the RARE-like element, and RARα was bound to this element on Tal2 in P19 cells. In addition, the interaction between these elements on Tal2 was shown in the chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. These results suggest that the transcription of Tal2 is coordinately mediated by two distal regulatory elements.
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11
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Kobayashi T, Komori R, Ishida K, Kino K, Tanuma SI, Miyazawa H. Tal2 expression is induced by all-trans retinoic acid in P19 cells prior to acquisition of neural fate. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4935. [PMID: 24816818 PMCID: PMC4017210 DOI: 10.1038/srep04935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
TAL2 is a member of the basic helix-loop-helix family and is essential for the normal development of the mouse brain. However, the function of TAL2 during brain development is unclear. P19 cells are pluripotent mouse embryonal carcinoma cells that adopt neural fates upon exposure to all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) and culture in suspension. We found that the expression of Tal2 gene was induced in P19 cells after addition of atRA in suspension culture. Tal2 expression was detected within 3 h after the induction, and had nearly returned to basal levels by 24 h. When GFP-tagged TAL2 (GFP-TAL2) was expressed in P19 cells, we observed GFP-TAL2 in the nucleus. Moreover, we showed that atRA and retinoic acid receptor α regulated Tal2 expression. These results demonstrate for the first time that atRA induces Tal2 expression in P19 cells, and suggest that TAL2 commits to the acquisition of neural fate in brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanobu Kobayashi
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314-1 Shido, Sanuki, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
| | - Rie Komori
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314-1 Shido, Sanuki, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ishida
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314-1 Shido, Sanuki, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
| | - Katsuhito Kino
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314-1 Shido, Sanuki, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
| | - Sei-ichi Tanuma
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyazawa
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314-1 Shido, Sanuki, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
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