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Wang M, Shi J, Yu C, Zhang X, Xu G, Xu Z, Ma Y. Emerging strategy towards mucosal healing in inflammatory bowel disease: what the future holds? Front Immunol 2023; 14:1298186. [PMID: 38155971 PMCID: PMC10752988 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1298186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, the therapeutic goal of conventional treatment among inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients is alleviating exacerbations in acute phase, maintaining remission, reducing recurrence, preventing complications, and increasing quality of life. However, the persistent mucosal/submucosal inflammation tends to cause irreversible changes in the intestinal structure, which can barely be redressed by conventional treatment. In the late 1990s, monoclonal biologics, mainly anti-TNF (tumor necrosis factor) drugs, were proven significantly helpful in inhibiting mucosal inflammation and improving prognosis in clinical trials. Meanwhile, mucosal healing (MH), as a key endoscopic and histological measurement closely associated with the severity of symptoms, has been proposed as primary outcome measures. With deeper comprehension of the mucosal microenvironment, stem cell niche, and underlying mucosal repair mechanisms, diverse potential strategies apart from monoclonal antibodies have been arising or undergoing clinical trials. Herein, we elucidate key steps or targets during the course of MH and review some promising treatment strategies capable of promoting MH in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingyan Shi
- Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gaoxin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziyan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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2
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Chen X, Yang D, Wang Q, Zhou A. Gastroprotective Effects of the Aqueous Extract of Finger Citron Pickled Products against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Damage: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Foods 2023; 12:2355. [PMID: 37372566 DOI: 10.3390/foods12122355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Finger citron pickled products (FCPP), as folk remedies, are famous in southern China for protecting gastric mucosa. However, the gastric mucosa protection of FCPP has not been reported yet, and its effective mechanism is unclear. In this study, the protective mechanism of FCPP aqueous extract on gastric mucosa was investigated in vitro and in vivo for the first time, using human gastric mucosa epithelial cells (GES-1) and acute alcoholic gastric ulcer rat model respectively. Furthermore, we also investigated the main substances in the aqueous extract that exert gastroprotective activity using a GES-1 scratch test and basic chemical composition analysis. FCPP aqueous extract was found to play a protective and reparative role in GES-1 by promoting the secretion of trefoil factor thyroid transcription factor 2 (TFF2) and inhibiting the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in cells damaged by alcohol. The ulcer index of gastric tissue induced by alcohol was significantly decreased (p < 0.01) after pretreatment with FCPP aqueous extract, indicating that FCPP aqueous extract had a good protective effect on the stomach mucosa. Moreover, FCPP aqueous extract could increase superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and inhibit malondialdehyde (MDA) content, exhibiting good antioxidant capacity. Aqueous extract of FCPP could also effectively inhibit the increase of cytokines TNF-α, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum of rats, and promote the increase of anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-10 (IL-10) to some extent. Furthermore, FCPP aqueous extract could inhibit the expression of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB/P65) protein, caspase-1 protein and IL-1β protein in the gastric tissue of rats, while promoting the expression of IκBα protein, indicating that the gastric mucosa protection effects of FCPP aqueous extract were mainly dependent on the NF-κB/caspase-1/IL-1β axis. The polysaccharides in FCPP aqueous extract might be the main components that exerted gastroprotective activity, as demonstrated by GES-1 cell scratch assay. This study confirmed that FCPP aqueous extract presented promising potential in protecting gastric mucosa and avoiding gastric ulcers, which could provide an experimental basis for further utilizing the medicinal value and developing new products of FCPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoai Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Aimei Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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3
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Role of MicroRNA in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Clinical Evidence and the Development of Preclinical Animal Models. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092204. [PMID: 34571853 PMCID: PMC8468560 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of microRNA (miRNA) is implicated in cancer, inflammation, cardiovascular disorders, drug resistance, and aging. While most researchers study miRNA's role as a biomarker, for example, to distinguish between various sub-forms or stages of a given disease of interest, research is also ongoing to utilize these small nucleic acids as therapeutics. An example of a common pleiotropic disease that could benefit from miRNA-based therapeutics is inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which is characterized by chronic inflammation of the small and large intestines. Due to complex interactions between multiple factors in the etiology of IBD, development of therapies that effectively maintain remission for this disease is a significant challenge. In this review, we discuss the role of dysregulated miRNA expression in the context of clinical ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD)-the two main forms of IBD-and the various preclinical mouse models of IBD utilized to validate the therapeutic potential of targeting these miRNA. Additionally, we highlight advances in the development of genetically engineered animal models that recapitulate clinical miRNA expression and provide powerful preclinical models to assess the diagnostic and therapeutic promise of miRNA in IBD.
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Braga Emidio N, Brierley SM, Schroeder CI, Muttenthaler M. Structure, Function, and Therapeutic Potential of the Trefoil Factor Family in the Gastrointestinal Tract. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:583-597. [PMID: 32832864 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Trefoil factor family peptides (TFF1, TFF2, and TFF3) are key players in protecting, maintaining, and repairing the gastrointestinal tract. Accordingly, they have the therapeutic potential to treat and prevent a variety of gastrointestinal disorders associated with mucosal damage. TFF peptides share a conserved motif, including three disulfide bonds that stabilize a well-defined three-loop-structure reminiscent of a trefoil. Although multiple functions have been described for TFF peptides, their mechanisms at the molecular level remain poorly understood. This review presents the status quo of TFF research relating to gastrointestinal disorders. Putative TFF receptors and protein partners are described and critically evaluated. The therapeutic potential of these peptides in gastrointestinal disorders where altered mucosal biology plays a crucial role in the underlying etiology is discussed. Finally, areas of investigation that require further research are addressed. Thus, this review provides a comprehensive update on TFF literature as well as guidance toward future research to better understand this peptide family and its therapeutic potential for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayara Braga Emidio
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Stuart M Brierley
- Visceral Pain Research Group, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medicial Research Insittitue (FHMRI), Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia.,Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.,Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Christina I Schroeder
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Markus Muttenthaler
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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5
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Wu C, Wang X, Jiang T, Li C, Zhang L, Gao X, Tian F, Li N, Li J. Partial Enteral Nutrition Mitigated Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Damage of Rat Small Intestinal Barrier. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8080502. [PMID: 27548209 PMCID: PMC4997415 DOI: 10.3390/nu8080502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: This study was designed to investigate a relatively optimum dose of partial enteral nutrition (PEN) which effectively attenuates intestinal barrier dysfunction initiated by ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). Methods: In experiment 1, 60 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were subjected to intestinal IRI and assigned to six groups according to the different proportion of EN administrations: namely total parenteral nutrition (TPN or 0%EN), 10%EN, 20%EN, 40%EN, 60%EN, and total enteral nutrition (TEN or 100%) groups, the deficits of intraluminal calorie were supplemented by PN. In experiment 2, 50 male SD rats were subjected to intestinal IRI and divided into five groups based on the results of experiment 1: TPN, TEN, 20%EN, TPN plus pretreatment with NF-κB antagonist 30 min before IRI (TPN+PDTC), and TPN plus pretreatment with HIF-1α antagonist 30 min before IRI (TPN+YC-1) groups. Results: In experiment 1, previous IRI combined with subsequent EN shortage disrupted the structure of intestinal epithelial cell and tight junctions (TJs). While 20% dose of EN had an obviously protective effect on these detrimental consequences. In experiment 2, compared with TPN only, 20%EN exerted a significant protection of barrier function of intestinal epithelium. Analogous results were observed when TPN combined with specific NF-κB/HIF-1α inhibitors (PDTC and YC-1). Meanwhile, the expression of NF-κB/HIF-1α had a similar trend among the groups. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that 20%EN is the minimally effective dosage of EN which promotes the recovery of intestinal barrier function after IRI in a rat model. Furthermore, we discreetly speculate that this benefit is, at least partly, related to NF-κB/HIF-1α pathway expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wu
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China.
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Xinying Wang
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China.
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China.
| | - Chaojun Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University and Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China.
| | - Xuejin Gao
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China.
| | - Feng Tian
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China.
| | - Ning Li
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China.
| | - Jieshou Li
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China.
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6
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Human Trefoil Factor 3 induces the transcription of its own promoter through STAT3. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30421. [PMID: 27453253 PMCID: PMC4958921 DOI: 10.1038/srep30421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human trefoil factor 3 (hTFF3) is a small peptide of potential therapeutic value. The
mechanisms underlying the transcriptional regulation of hTFF3 remain unclear. The
purpose of this study was to identify the core functional elements for the
self-induction action of hTFF3 and transcription factors. First, truncated promoters
were constructed to identify the functional regions of the hTFF3 promoter. Next,
point mutation, chromatin immunoprecipitation, RNA interference, and gene
overexpression experiments were performed to analyze the transcriptional binding
sites responsible for the self-induced transcription of hTFF3. Our results revealed
the −1450 bp to −1400 bp fragment of
the hTFF3 promoter was the functional region for the self-induction action of hTFF3.
Bioinformatics analysis confirmed that a STAT3 binding site is present in the
−1417 bp to −1409 bp region.
Subsequently, site-directed mutagenesis analysis determined that this STAT3 binding
site was critical for the self-induction effect of hTFF3. ChIP experiments confirmed
that STAT3 binds to the hTFF3 promoter. STAT3 overexpression and knockdown
experiments revealed that STAT3 enhanced the self-induction effect and the
expression of hTFF3. This study confirmed that hTFF3 exhibits self-induction action,
and that STAT3 is the key transcription factor to maintain the function of
self-induction.
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7
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Castañeda-Lopez ME, Garza-Veloz I, Lopez-Hernandez Y, Barbosa-Cisneros OY, Martinez-Fierro ML. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Modified Adenoviral Vectors for Gene Therapy: A View through Animal Models Tested. Immunol Invest 2016; 45:450-70. [PMID: 27245510 DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2016.1168831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The central dogma of gene therapy relies on the application of novel therapeutic genes to treat or prevent diseases. The main types of vectors used for gene transfer are adenovirus, retrovirus, lentivirus, liposome, and adeno-associated virus vectors. Gene therapy has emerged as a promising alternative for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. The main targets are cytokines, co-stimulatory molecules, and different types of cells from hematological and mesenchymal sources. In this review, we focus on molecules with anti-inflammatory effects used for in vivo gene therapy mediated by adenoviral gene transfer in the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, with particular emphasis on autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Castañeda-Lopez
- a Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Unidad Academica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas , Zacatecas , Mexico.,b Centro de Innovacion Tecnologica e Industrial, Unidad Academica de Ingenieria Electrica , Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas , Zacatecas , Mexico
| | - I Garza-Veloz
- a Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Unidad Academica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas , Zacatecas , Mexico.,b Centro de Innovacion Tecnologica e Industrial, Unidad Academica de Ingenieria Electrica , Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas , Zacatecas , Mexico
| | - Y Lopez-Hernandez
- c CONACyT Research Fellow, Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Unidad Academica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud , Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas , Mexico
| | - O Y Barbosa-Cisneros
- d Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Unidad Academica de Ciencias Quimicas de la Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas , Zacatecas , Mexico
| | - M L Martinez-Fierro
- a Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Unidad Academica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas , Zacatecas , Mexico.,b Centro de Innovacion Tecnologica e Industrial, Unidad Academica de Ingenieria Electrica , Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas , Zacatecas , Mexico
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8
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Yi X, Chang X, Wang J, Yan C, Zhang B. Intestinal trefoil factor increased the Bcl-2 level in a necrotizingenterocolitis neonate rat model. Turk J Med Sci 2016; 46:921-5. [PMID: 27513274 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1501-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of intestinal trefoil factor (ITF) on necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) by observing the pathological changes and detecting the protein level differences in Caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2 in an NEC neonate rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS A Wistar rat model of NEC was established and 30 one-day-old neonate Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups including a normal control (group A), NEC rats treated with 0.2 ml physiological saline through intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection (group B), and NEC rats treated with 0.2 mg ITF by i.p injection (group C). RESULTS Compared with group B, there were statistically significant differences in Caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2 levels in groups A and C(P < 0.05). Moreover, there was a significant difference in the Bcl-2 level between groups A and B (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION ITF alleviated injury of the intestinal tract in neonate rats with NEC and this mechanism was possibly related to a reduction in the expression of Caspase-3 and Bax and the increase in Bcl-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolian Yi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hangzhou Normal University Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Yuhang District Maternity and Child Care Centers of Hangzhou City, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jijie Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Yuhang District Maternity and Child Care Centers of Hangzhou City, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caixia Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Binghong Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Sun Z, Liu H, Yang Z, Shao D, Zhang W, Ren Y, Sun B, Lin J, Xu M, Nie S. Intestinal trefoil factor activates the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to protect gastric mucosal epithelium from damage. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:1123-32. [PMID: 24990304 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal trefoil factor (ITF, also named as trefoil factor 3, TFF3) is a member of the TFF-domain peptide family, which plays an essential role in the regulation of cell survival, cell migration and maintains mucosal epithelial integrity in the gastrointestinal tract. However, the underlying mechanisms and associated molecules remain unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the protective effects of ITF on gastric mucosal epithelium injury and its possible molecular mechanisms of action. In the present study, we show that ITF was able to promote the proliferation and migration of GES-1 cells via a mechanism that involves the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Western blot results indicated that ITF induced a dose- and time-dependent increase in the Akt signaling pathway. ITF also plays an essential role in the restitution of GES-1 cell damage induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS induced the apoptosis of GES-1 cells, decreased cell viability significantly (P<0.01) and led to epithelial tight junction damage, which is attenuated via ITF treatment. The protective effect of ITF on the integrity of GES-1 was abrogated by inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Taken together, our results demonstrate that ITF promotes the proliferation and migration of gastric mucosal epithelial cells and preserves gastric mucosal epithelial integrity after damage is mediated by activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. This study suggested that the PI3K/Akt pathway could act as a key intracellular pathway in the gastric mucosal epithelium that may serve as a therapeutic target to preserve epithelial integrity during injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaorui Sun
- Department of Emergency, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Department of Emergency, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, P.R. China
| | - Zhizhou Yang
- Department of Emergency, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, P.R. China
| | - Danbing Shao
- Department of Emergency, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, P.R. China
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Emergency, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, P.R. China
| | - Baodi Sun
- Department of Emergency, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, P.R. China
| | - Jinfeng Lin
- Department of Emergency, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, P.R. China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Emergency, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, P.R. China
| | - Shinan Nie
- Department of Emergency, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, P.R. China
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10
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Sun Y, Wang L, Zhou Y, Mao X, Deng X. Cloning and characterization of the human trefoil factor 3 gene promoter. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95562. [PMID: 24743382 PMCID: PMC3990673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human trefoil factor 3 (hTFF3) is a small-molecule peptide with potential medicinal value. Its main pharmacological function is to alleviate gastrointestinal mucosal injuries caused by various factors and promote the repair of damaged mucosa. However, how its transcription is regulated is not yet known. The aim of this study was to clone the hTFF3 gene promoter region, identify the core promoter and any transcription factors that bind to the promoter, and begin to clarify the regulation of its expression. The 5′ flanking sequence of the hTFF3 gene was cloned from human whole blood genomic DNA by PCR. Truncated promoter fragments with different were cloned and inserted into the pGL3-Basic vector to determine the position of the core hTFF3 promoter. Transcription element maintaining basic transcriptional activity was assessed by mutation techniques. Protein-DNA interactions were analyzed by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). RNA interference and gene over-expression were performed to assay the effect of transcription factor on the hTFF3 expression. The results showed that approximately 1,826 bp of the fragment upstream of hTFF3 was successfully amplified, and its core promoter region was determined to be from −300 bp to −280 bp through analysis of truncated mutants. Mutation analysis confirmed that the sequence required to maintain basic transcriptional activity was accurately positioned from −300 bp to −296 bp. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that this area contained a Sp1 binding site. Sp1 binding to the hTFF3 promoter was confirmed by ChIP experiments. Sp1 over-expression and interference experiments showed that Sp1 enhanced the transcriptional activity of the hTFF3 promoter and increased hTFF3 expression. This study demonstrated that Sp1 plays an important role in maintaining the transcription of hTFF3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Sun
- Department of Burn Surgery, Huaihai Hospital affiliated to Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Burn Surgery, No. 97 Hospital of PLA, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Liangxi Wang
- Department of Burn Surgery, Huaihai Hospital affiliated to Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Burn Surgery, No. 97 Hospital of PLA, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yifang Zhou
- Department of Burn Surgery, Huaihai Hospital affiliated to Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Burn Surgery, No. 97 Hospital of PLA, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xuefei Mao
- Department of Burn Surgery, Huaihai Hospital affiliated to Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Burn Surgery, No. 97 Hospital of PLA, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiangdong Deng
- Department of Burn Surgery, Huaihai Hospital affiliated to Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Burn Surgery, No. 97 Hospital of PLA, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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11
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Li P, Turner JH. Chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps is associated with increased expression of trefoil factor family peptides. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2014; 4:571-6. [DOI: 10.1002/alr.21334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine; Nashville TN
| | - Justin H. Turner
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine; Nashville TN
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12
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Aamann L, Vestergaard EM, Grønbæk H. Trefoil factors in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:3223-3230. [PMID: 24696606 PMCID: PMC3964394 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i12.3223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which comprises ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, is characterized by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The trefoil factors 1, 2, and 3 (TFF1-3) are a family of peptides that play important roles in the protection and repair of epithelial surfaces, including the gastrointestinal tract. TFFs may be involved in IBD pathogenesis and are a potential treatment option. In the present review, we describe the TFF family and their potential role in IBD by summarizing the current knowledge of their expression, possible function and pharmacological role in IBD.
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