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Quy V. Nguyen, Pham MP, Meng L, Bui HM, Pham HT, Nguyen HV, Nguyen TT, Kang YX. Spatial Structure of the Dominant Tree Species in an Evergreen Broadleaved Forest Stand in South Vietnam. BIOL BULL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359022130131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Fibich P, Novotný V, Ediriweera S, Gunatilleke S, Gunatilleke N, Molem K, Weiblen GD, Lepš J. Common spatial patterns of trees in various tropical forests: Small trees are associated with increased diversity at small spatial scales. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:8085-8095. [PMID: 34188873 PMCID: PMC8216943 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tropical forests are notable for their high species diversity, even on small spatial scales, and right-skewed species and size abundance distributions. The role of individual species as drivers of the spatial organization of diversity in these forests has been explained by several hypotheses and processes, for example, stochastic dilution, negative density dependence, or gap dynamics. These processes leave a signature in spatial distribution of small trees, particularly in the vicinity of large trees, likely having stronger effects on their neighbors. We are exploring species diversity patterns within the framework of various diversity-generating hypotheses using individual species-area relationships. We used the data from three tropical forest plots (Wanang-Papua New Guinea, Barro Colorado Island-Panama, and Sinharaja-Sri Lanka) and included also the saplings (DBH ≥ 1 cm). Resulting cross-size patterns of species richness and evenness reflect the dynamics of saplings affected by the distribution of large trees. When all individuals with DBH ≥1 cm are included, ~50% of all tree species from the 25- or 50-ha plot can be found within 35 m radius of an individual tree. For all trees, 72%-78% of species were identified as species richness accumulators, having more species present in their surroundings than expected by null models. This pattern was driven by small trees as the analysis of DBH >10 cm trees showed much lower proportion of accumulators, 14%-65% of species identified as richness repellers and had low richness of surrounding small trees. Only 11%-26% of species had lower species evenness than was expected by null models. High proportions of species richness accumulators were probably due to gap dynamics and support Janzen-Connell hypothesis driven by competition or top-down control by pathogens and herbivores. Observed species diversity patterns show the importance of including small tree size classes in analyses of the spatial organization of diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Fibich
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of South BohemiaČeské BudějoviceCzech Republic
- Biology Centre CASInstitute of EntomologyČeské BudějoviceCzech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Novotný
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of South BohemiaČeské BudějoviceCzech Republic
- Biology Centre CASInstitute of EntomologyČeské BudějoviceCzech Republic
| | - Sisira Ediriweera
- Department of Science and TechnologyUva Wellassa UniversityBadullaSri Lanka
| | | | | | - Kenneth Molem
- New Guinea Binatang Research CenterMadangPapua New Guinea
| | - George D. Weiblen
- Department of Plant BiologyBell MuseumUniversity of MinnesotaSt PaulMNUSA
| | - Jan Lepš
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of South BohemiaČeské BudějoviceCzech Republic
- Biology Centre CASInstitute of EntomologyČeské BudějoviceCzech Republic
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Patterns of local species richness and their associations with functional traits in a 60‐ha tropical forest dynamics plot. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Shao X, Brown C, Worthy SJ, Liu L, Cao M, Li Q, Lin L, Swenson NG. Intra‐specific relatedness, spatial clustering and reduced demographic performance in tropical rainforest trees. Ecol Lett 2018; 21:1174-1181. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Shao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan 650201 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China
| | - Calum Brown
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research Atmospheric Environmental Research Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Kreuzeckbahnstraße 19 82467 Garmisch‐Partenkirchen Germany
| | | | - Lu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan 650201 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China
| | - Min Cao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan 650201 China
| | - Qiaoming Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan 650201 China
| | - Luxiang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan 650201 China
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Menglun Mengla Yunnan666303 China
| | - Nathan G. Swenson
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan 650201 China
- Department of Biology University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
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Long-term nitrogen addition affects the phylogenetic turnover of soil microbial community responding to moisture pulse. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17492. [PMID: 29235487 PMCID: PMC5727477 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17736-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
How press disturbance (long-term) influences the phylogenetic turnover of soil microbial communities responding to pulse disturbances (short-term) is not fully known. Understanding the complex connections between the history of environmental conditions, assembly processes and microbial community dynamics is necessary to predict microbial response to perturbation. We started by investigating phylogenetic spatial turnover (based on DNA) of soil prokaryotic communities after long-term nitrogen (N) deposition and temporal turnover (based on RNA) of communities responding to pulse by conducting short-term rewetting experiments. The results showed that moderate N addition increased ecological stochasticity and phylogenetic diversity. In contrast, high N addition slightly increased homogeneous selection and decreased phylogenetic diversity. Examining the system with higher phylogenetic resolution revealed a moderate contribution of variable selection across the whole N gradient. The moisture pulse experiment showed that high N soils had higher rates of phylogenetic turnover across short phylogenetic distances and significant changes in community compositions through time. Long-term N input history influenced spatial turnover of microbial communities, but the dominant community assembly mechanisms differed across different N deposition gradients. We further revealed an interaction between press and pulse disturbances whereby deterministic processes were particularly important following pulse disturbances in high N soils.
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Wiegand T, Uriarte M, Kraft NJ, Shen G, Wang X, He F. Spatially Explicit Metrics of Species Diversity, Functional Diversity, and Phylogenetic Diversity: Insights into Plant Community Assembly Processes. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2017. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110316-022936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Spatial processes underlie major species coexistence mechanisms. A range of spatial analysis techniques are increasingly applied to data of fully mapped communities to quantify spatial structures in species and phylogenetic and functional diversity at some given spatial scale with the goal of gaining insights into processes of community assembly and dynamics. We review these techniques, including spatial point pattern analysis, quadrat-based analyses, and individual-based neighborhood models, and provide a practical roadmap for ecologists in the analysis of local spatial structures in species and phylogenetic and functional diversity. We show how scale-dependent metrics of spatial diversity can be used in concert with ecological null models, statistical models, and dynamic community simulation models to detect spatial patterns, reveal the influence of the biotic neighborhood on plant performance, and quantify the relative contribution of species interactions, habitat heterogeneity, and stochastic processes to community assembly across scale. Future works should integrate these approaches into a dynamic spatiotemporal framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Wiegand
- Department of Ecological Modelling, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - María Uriarte
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York 10027
| | - Nathan J.B. Kraft
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Guochun Shen
- Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xugao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Fangliang He
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H1, Canada
- Sun Yat-sen University-Alberta Joint Laboratory for Biodiversity Conservation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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Wang X, Wiegand T, Kraft NJB, Swenson NG, Davies SJ, Hao Z, Howe R, Lin Y, Ma K, Mi X, Su SH, Sun IF, Wolf A. Stochastic dilution effects weaken deterministic effects of niche-based processes in species rich forests. Ecology 2016; 97:347-60. [PMID: 27145610 DOI: 10.1890/14-2357.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent theory predicts that stochastic dilution effects may result in species-rich communities with statistically independent species spatial distributions, even if the underlying ecological processes structuring the community are driven by deterministic niche differences. Stochastic dilution is a consequence of the stochastic geometry of biodiversity where the identities of the nearest neighbors of individuals of a given species are largely unpredictable. Under such circumstances, the outcome of deterministic species interactions may vary greatly among individuals of a given species. Consequently, nonrandom patterns in the biotic neighborhoods of species, which might be expected from coexistence or community assembly theory (e.g., individuals of a given species are neighbored by phylogenetically similar species), are weakened or do not emerge, resulting in statistical independence of species spatial distributions. We used data on phylogenetic and functional similarity of tree species in five large forest dynamics plots located across a gradient of species richness to test predictions of the stochastic dilution hypothesis. To quantify the biotic neighborhood of a focal species we used the mean phylogenetic (or functional) dissimilarity of the individuals of the focal species to all species within a local neighborhood. We then compared the biotic neighborhood of species to predictions from stochastic null models to test if a focal species was surrounded by more or less similar species than expected by chance. The proportions of focal species that showed spatial independence with respect to their biotic neighborhoods increased with total species richness. Locally dominant, high-abundance species were more likely to be surrounded by species that were statistically more similar or more dissimilar than expected by chance. Our results suggest that stochasticity may play a stronger role in shaping the spatial structure of species rich tropical forest communities than it does in species poorer forests. These findings represent an important step towards understanding the factors that govern the spatial configuration of local biotic communities. The stochastic dilution effect is a simple geometric mechanism that can explain why species' spatial distributions in species-rich communities approximate independence from their biotic neighborhood, even if deterministic niche processes are in effect.
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Tsai CH, Lin YC, Wiegand T, Nakazawa T, Su SH, Hsieh CH, Ding TS. Individual species-area relationship of woody plant communities in a heterogeneous subtropical monsoon rainforest. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124539. [PMID: 25884405 PMCID: PMC4401546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The spatial structure of species richness is often characterized by the species-area relationship (SAR). However, the SAR approach rarely considers the spatial variability of individual plants that arises from species interactions and species' habitat associations. Here, we explored how the interactions of individual plants of target species influence SAR patterns at a range of neighborhood distances. We analyzed the data of 113,988 woody plants of 110 species from the Fushan Forest Dynamics Plot (25 ha), northern Taiwan, which is a subtropical rainforest heavily influenced by typhoons. We classified 34 dominant species into 3 species types (i.e., accumulator, repeller, or no effect) by testing how the individual species-area relationship (i.e., statistics describing how neighborhood species richness changes around individuals) of target species departs (i.e., positively, negatively, or with no obvious trend) from a null model that accounts for habitat association. Deviation from the null model suggests that the net effect of species' interactions increases (accumulate) or decreases (repel) neighborhood species richness. We found that (i) accumulators were dominant at small interaction distances (<10-30 m); (ii) the detection of accumulator species was lower at large interaction distances (>30 m); (iii) repellers were rarely detected; and (iv) large-sized and abundant species tended to be accumulators. The findings suggest that positive species interactions have the potential to accumulate neighborhood species richness, particularly through size- and density-dependent mechanisms. We hypothesized that the frequently disturbed environment of this subtropical rainforest (e.g., typhoon-driven natural disturbances such as landslides, soil erosion, flooding, and windthrow) might create the spatial heterogeneity of species richness and promote positive species interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Han Tsai
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Lin
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Thorsten Wiegand
- Department of Ecological Modelling, UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Takefumi Nakazawa
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | - Chih-Hao Hsieh
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Su Ding
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Herrera-Alsina L, Villegas-Patraca R. Biologic interactions determining geographic range size: a one species response to phylogenetic community structure. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:968-76. [PMID: 24772275 PMCID: PMC3997314 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Range size variation in closely related species suggests different responses to biotic and abiotic heterogeneity across large geographic regions. Species turnover generates a wide spectrum of species assemblages, resulting in different competition intensities among taxa, creating restrictions as important as environmental constraints. We chose to adopt the widely used phylogenetic relatedness (NRI) measurement to define a metric that depicts competition strength (via phylogenetic similarity), which one focal species confronts in its environment. This new approach (NRIfocal) measures the potential of the community structure effect over performance of a single species. We chose two ecologically similar Peucaea sparrows, which co-occur and have highly dissimilar range size to test whether the population response to competition intensity is different between species. We analyzed the correlation between both Peucaea species population sizes and NRIfocal using data from point counts. Results indicated that the widespread species population size was not associated with NRIfocal, whereas the population of restricted-sized species exhibited a negative relationship with competition intensity. Consequently, a species' sensitivity to competition might be a limiting factor to range expansion, which provides new insights into geographic range analysis and community ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonel Herrera-Alsina
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Apartado Postal 27-3, CP 58089, Morelia, Michoacán, México ; Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Apartado Postal 27-3, CP 58089, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Rafael Villegas-Patraca
- Instituto de Ecología, A. C. Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa, 91070, Veracruz, Mexico
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