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Wei J, Shan Y, Xiao Z, Wen L, Tao Y, Fang X, Luo H, Tang C, Li Y. Anp32e promotes renal interstitial fibrosis by upregulating the expression of fibrosis-related proteins. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:5897-5912. [PMID: 36263179 PMCID: PMC9576520 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.74431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Acidic nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family member e (Anp32e) has been reported to contribute to early mammalian development and cancer metastasis. However, the pathophysiological role of Anp32e in renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that Anp32e was highly expressed in the region of RIF in patients with IgA nephropathy, unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mouse kidneys, and Boston University mouse proximal tubular (BUMPT) cells when treated with TGF-β1; this upregulation was positively correlated with the total fibrotic area of the kidneys. The overexpression of Anp32e enhanced the TGF-β1-induced production of fibrosis-related proteins (fibronectin (Fn) and collagen type I (Col-I)) in BUMPT cells whereas the knockdown of Anp32e suppressed the deposition of these fibrosis-related proteins in UUO mice and TGF-β1-stimulated BUMPT cells. In particular, Anp32e overexpression alone induced the deposition of Fn and Col-I in both mouse kidneys and BUMPT cells without TGF-β1 stimulation. Furthermore, we revealed that the overexpression of Anp32e induced the expression of TGF-β1 and p-Smad3 while TGF-β1 inhibitor SB431542 reversed the Anp32e-induced upregulation of Fn and Col-I in BUMPT cells without TGF-β1 stimulation. Collectively, our data demonstrate that Anp32e promotes the deposition of fibrosis-related proteins by regulating the TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Wei
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Shan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zheng Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Lu Wen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yilin Tao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xi Fang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Hanwen Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Chengyuan Tang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,✉ Corresponding author: Ying Li. Address: Department of Nephrology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China. Tel: +86-731-85294184.
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Lahiri S, Kim H, Garcia-Perez I, Reza MM, Martin KA, Kundu P, Cox LM, Selkrig J, Posma JM, Zhang H, Padmanabhan P, Moret C, Gulyás B, Blaser MJ, Auwerx J, Holmes E, Nicholson J, Wahli W, Pettersson S. The gut microbiota influences skeletal muscle mass and function in mice. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/502/eaan5662. [PMID: 31341063 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aan5662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The functional interactions between the gut microbiota and the host are important for host physiology, homeostasis, and sustained health. We compared the skeletal muscle of germ-free mice that lacked a gut microbiota to the skeletal muscle of pathogen-free mice that had a gut microbiota. Compared to pathogen-free mouse skeletal muscle, germ-free mouse skeletal muscle showed atrophy, decreased expression of insulin-like growth factor 1, and reduced transcription of genes associated with skeletal muscle growth and mitochondrial function. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry analysis of skeletal muscle, liver, and serum from germ-free mice revealed multiple changes in the amounts of amino acids, including glycine and alanine, compared to pathogen-free mice. Germ-free mice also showed reduced serum choline, the precursor of acetylcholine, the key neurotransmitter that signals between muscle and nerve at neuromuscular junctions. Reduced expression of genes encoding Rapsyn and Lrp4, two proteins important for neuromuscular junction assembly and function, was also observed in skeletal muscle from germ-free mice compared to pathogen-free mice. Transplanting the gut microbiota from pathogen-free mice into germ-free mice resulted in an increase in skeletal muscle mass, a reduction in muscle atrophy markers, improved oxidative metabolic capacity of the muscle, and elevated expression of the neuromuscular junction assembly genes Rapsyn and Lrp4 Treating germ-free mice with short-chain fatty acids (microbial metabolites) partly reversed skeletal muscle impairments. Our results suggest a role for the gut microbiota in regulating skeletal muscle mass and function in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawon Lahiri
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hyejin Kim
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Isabel Garcia-Perez
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, London SW72AZ, UK
| | - Musarrat Maisha Reza
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Katherine A Martin
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Parag Kundu
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Center for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Laura M Cox
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joel Selkrig
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joram M Posma
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, London SW72AZ, UK
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Catherine Moret
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Balázs Gulyás
- Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin J Blaser
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.,Medical Service, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, London SW72AZ, UK
| | - Jeremy Nicholson
- Australian National Phenome Center, Murdoch University, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Walter Wahli
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,INRA ToxAlim Integrative Toxicology and Metabolism UMR1331, Chemin de Tournefeuille, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Sven Pettersson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Center for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Yang S, Zhou L, Reilly PT, Shen SM, He P, Zhu XN, Li CX, Wang LS, Mak TW, Chen GQ, Yu Y. ANP32B deficiency impairs proliferation and suppresses tumor progression by regulating AKT phosphorylation. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2082. [PMID: 26844697 PMCID: PMC4849165 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The acidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein 32B (ANP32B) is reported to impact normal development, with Anp32b-knockout mice exhibiting smaller size and premature aging. However, its cellular and molecular mechanisms, especially its potential roles in tumorigenesis, remain largely unclear. Here, we utilize 'knockout' models, RNAi silencing and clinical cohorts to more closely investigate the role of this enigmatic factor in cell proliferation and cancer phenotypes. We report that, compared with Anp32b wild-type (Anp32b+/+) littermates, a broad panel of tissues in Anp32b-deficient (Anp32b−/−) mice are demonstrated hypoplasia. Anp32b−/− mouse embryo fibroblast cell has a slower proliferation, even after oncogenic immortalization. ANP32B knockdown also significantly inhibits in vitro and in vivo growth of cancer cells by inducing G1 arrest. In line with this, ANP32B protein has higher expression in malignant tissues than adjacent normal tissues from a cohort of breast cancer patients, and its expression level positively correlates with their histopathological grades. Moreover, ANP32B deficiency downregulates AKT phosphorylation, which involves its regulating effect on cell growth. Collectively, our findings suggest that ANP32B is an oncogene and a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, China
| | - L Zhou
- Department of Surgery, Branch of Shanghai First People's Hospital, SJTU-SM, Shanghai, China
| | - P T Reilly
- Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - S-M Shen
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, China
| | - P He
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, China
| | - X-N Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, China
| | - C-X Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, China
| | - L-S Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - T W Mak
- Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - G-Q Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, China
| | - Y Yu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, China
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Reilly PT, Yu Y, Hamiche A, Wang L. Cracking the ANP32 whips: important functions, unequal requirement, and hints at disease implications. Bioessays 2014; 36:1062-71. [PMID: 25156960 PMCID: PMC4270211 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201400058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The acidic (leucine-rich) nuclear phosphoprotein 32 kDa (ANP32) family is composed of small, evolutionarily conserved proteins characterized by an N-terminal leucine-rich repeat domain and a C-terminal low-complexity acidic region. The mammalian family members (ANP32A, ANP32B, and ANP32E) are ascribed physiologically diverse functions including chromatin modification and remodelling, apoptotic caspase modulation, protein phosphatase inhibition, as well as regulation of intracellular transport. In addition to reviewing the widespread literature on the topic, we present a concept of the ANP32s as having a whip-like structure. We also present hypotheses that ANP32C and other intronless sequences should not currently be considered bona fide family members, that their disparate necessity in development may be due to compensatory mechanisms, that their contrasting roles in cancer are likely context-dependent, along with an underlying hypothesis that ANP32s represent an important node of physiological regulation by virtue of their diverse biochemical activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T Reilly
- Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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