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Shahbazi B, Mafakher L, Arab SS, Teimoori-Toolabi L. Kallistatin as an inhibitory protein against colorectal cancer cells through binding to LRP6. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:918-934. [PMID: 37114408 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2196704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Kallistatin (KL) is a member of the serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin) family regulating oxidative stress, vascular relaxation, inflammation, angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and invasion. The heparin-binding site of Kallistatin has an important role in the interaction with LRP6 leading to the blockade of the Wnt signaling pathway. In this study, we aimed to explore the structural basis of the Kallistatin-LRP6E1E4 complex using in silico approaches and evaluating the anti-proliferative, apoptotic, and cell cycle arrest activities of Kallistatin in colon cancer lines. The molecular docking showed Kallistatin could bind to the LRP6E3E4 much stronger than LRP6E1E2. The Kallistatin-LRP6E1E2 and Kallistatin-LRP6E3E4 complexes were stable during Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation. The Molecular Mechanics/Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area (MM/PBSA) showed that the Kallistatin-LRP6E3E4 has a higher binding affinity compared to Kallistatin-LRP6E1E2. Kallistatin induced higher cytotoxicity and apoptosis in HCT116 compared to the SW480 cell line. This protein-induced cell-cycle arrest in both cell lines at the G1 phase. The B-catenin, cyclin D1, and c-Myc expression levels were decreased in response to treatment with Kallistatin in both cell lines while the LRP6 expression level was decreased in the HCT116 cell line. Kallistatin has a greater effect on the HCT116 cell line compared to the SW480 cell line. Kallistatin can be used as a cytotoxic and apoptotic-inducing agent in colorectal cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Shahbazi
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ladan Mafakher
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Shahriar Arab
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ladan Teimoori-Toolabi
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Sikander M, Malik S, Apraku J, Kumari S, Khan P, Mandil H, Ganju A, Chauhan B, Bell MC, Singh MM, Khan S, Yallapu MM, Halaweish FT, Jaggi M, Chauhan SC. Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of Brominated-Ormeloxifene (Br-ORM) against Cervical Cancer. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:38839-38848. [PMID: 37901538 PMCID: PMC10601051 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant regulation of β-catenin signaling is strongly linked with cancer proliferation, invasion, migration, and metastasis, thus, small molecules that can inhibit this pathway might have great clinical significance. Our molecular modeling studies suggest that ormeloxifene (ORM), a triphenylethylene molecule that docks with β-catenin, and its brominated analogue (Br-ORM) bind more effectively with relatively less energy (-7.6 kcal/mol) to the active site of β-catenin as compared to parent ORM. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of a Br-ORM by NMR and FTIR, as well as its anticancer activity in cervical cancer models. Br-ORM treatment effectively inhibited tumorigenic features (cell proliferation and colony-forming ability, etc.) and induced apoptotic death, as evident by pronounced PARP cleavage. Furthermore, Br-ORM treatment caused cell cycle arrest at the G1-S phase. Mechanistic investigation revealed that Br-ORM targets the key proteins involved in promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as demonstrated by upregulation of E-cadherin and repression of N-cadherin, Vimentin, Snail, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expression. Br-ORM also represses the expression and nuclear subcellular localization of β-catenin. Consequently, Br-ORM treatment effectively inhibited tumor growth in an orthotopic cervical cancer xenograft mouse model along with EMT associated changes as compared to vehicle control-treated mice. Altogether, experimental findings suggest that Br-ORM is a novel, promising β-catenin inhibitor and therefore can be harnessed as a potent anticancer small molecule for cervical cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Sikander
- Department
of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas 78504, United States
- South
Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas 78504, United States
- University
of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Shabnam Malik
- Department
of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas 78504, United States
- South
Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas 78504, United States
- University
of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - John Apraku
- South
Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007-2201, United States
| | - Sonam Kumari
- University
of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
- National
Institutes of Health, Bathesda, South Dakota 20892-4874, United States
| | - Parvez Khan
- Jamia
Millia Islamia University, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Hassan Mandil
- University
of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Aditya Ganju
- University
of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
- Memorial
Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065 United States
| | - Bhavin Chauhan
- University
of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Maria C. Bell
- Sanford
Health, Sanford Gynecologic Oncology Clinic, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57104, United States
| | - Man Mohan Singh
- Endocrinology
Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Sheema Khan
- Department
of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas 78504, United States
- South
Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas 78504, United States
- University
of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Murali M. Yallapu
- Department
of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas 78504, United States
- South
Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas 78504, United States
- University
of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Fathi T. Halaweish
- South
Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007-2201, United States
| | - Meena Jaggi
- Department
of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas 78504, United States
- South
Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas 78504, United States
- University
of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Subhash C. Chauhan
- Department
of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas 78504, United States
- South
Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas 78504, United States
- University
of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
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3
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De S, Paul S, Manna A, Majumder C, Pal K, Casarcia N, Mondal A, Banerjee S, Nelson VK, Ghosh S, Hazra J, Bhattacharjee A, Mandal SC, Pal M, Bishayee A. Phenolic Phytochemicals for Prevention and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer: A Critical Evaluation of In Vivo Studies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030993. [PMID: 36765950 PMCID: PMC9913554 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most diagnosed and second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Limitations with existing treatment regimens have demanded the search for better treatment options. Different phytochemicals with promising anti-CRC activities have been reported, with the molecular mechanism of actions still emerging. This review aims to summarize recent progress on the study of natural phenolic compounds in ameliorating CRC using in vivo models. This review followed the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reporting and Meta-Analysis. Information on the relevant topic was gathered by searching the PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science databases using keywords, such as "colorectal cancer" AND "phenolic compounds", "colorectal cancer" AND "polyphenol", "colorectal cancer" AND "phenolic acids", "colorectal cancer" AND "flavonoids", "colorectal cancer" AND "stilbene", and "colorectal cancer" AND "lignan" from the reputed peer-reviewed journals published over the last 20 years. Publications that incorporated in vivo experimental designs and produced statistically significant results were considered for this review. Many of these polyphenols demonstrate anti-CRC activities by inhibiting key cellular factors. This inhibition has been demonstrated by antiapoptotic effects, antiproliferative effects, or by upregulating factors responsible for cell cycle arrest or cell death in various in vivo CRC models. Numerous studies from independent laboratories have highlighted different plant phenolic compounds for their anti-CRC activities. While promising anti-CRC activity in many of these agents has created interest in this area, in-depth mechanistic and well-designed clinical studies are needed to support the therapeutic use of these compounds for the prevention and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samhita De
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700 054, India
| | - Sourav Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur 713 209, India
| | - Anirban Manna
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700 054, India
| | | | - Koustav Pal
- Jawaharlal Institute Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry 605 006, India
| | - Nicolette Casarcia
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Arijit Mondal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, M.R. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Balisha 743 234, India
| | - Sabyasachi Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gupta College of Technological Sciences, Asansol 713 301, India
| | - Vinod Kumar Nelson
- Department of Pharmacology, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Anantapur 515 721, India
| | - Suvranil Ghosh
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700 054, India
| | - Joyita Hazra
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Ashish Bhattacharjee
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur 713 209, India
| | | | - Mahadeb Pal
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700 054, India
- Correspondence: or (M.P.); or (A.B.)
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
- Correspondence: or (M.P.); or (A.B.)
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Pei XM, Wong HT, Ng SSM, Leung WW, Wong YN, Tsang HF, Chan AKC, Wong YKE, Yu ACS, Yim AKY, Cho WCS, Chan JKC, Wong KF, Luk JM, Tai WCS, Wong SCC. The diagnostic significance of CDH17-positive circulating tumor cells in patients with colorectal cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2023; 23:171-179. [PMID: 36744385 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2023.2176223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in Hong Kong. We tested the hypothesis that circulating tumor cell (CTC) analysis by ARB101 antibody could be used as a tool for CRC detection, progression, and therapy response. RESEARCH METHODS ARB101 antibody was used for investigation of CDH17 expression in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) of CRC patients. RESULTS Using ARB101, highest sensitivity was observed in 98/100 (98%) colorectal cancer tissue compared to 72/100 gastric cancer (72%) and 27/32 pancreatic cancer (84%). Immunoreactivity of CDH17 was significantly higher in distant metastatic (tumor-node-metastasis [TNM] stage IV) than non-distant metastatic (TNM stage I to III) CRC. ARB101 antibody also manifested the higher sensitivity than c-erbB2 (8%) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeting antibodies (37%) with the significance (p < 0.0001). ARB101 positive CTCs were detected in 64/83 (77%) TNM stage I to IV CRC patients. Furthermore, ARB101 positive CTCs detected in TNM stage I to III CRC patients before and after surgical operation are statistically significant (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS CTC detection by ARB101 antibody could serve as a potential non-invasive approach for CRC detection, progression, and monitoring of treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Meng Pei
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Heong Ting Wong
- Department of Pathology, Kiang Wu Hospital, Macao, Macau Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Simon Siu Man Ng
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wing Wa Leung
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yee Ni Wong
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Hin Fung Tsang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Amanda Kit Ching Chan
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yin Kwan Evelyn Wong
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Allen Chi Shing Yu
- Department of Research and Develpment, Codex Genetics Limited, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Aldrin Kay Yuen Yim
- Department of Research and Develpment, Codex Genetics Limited, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - William Chi Shing Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - John Kwok Cheung Chan
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kwong Fai Wong
- Department of Research and Develpment Arbele Limited, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - John M Luk
- Department of Research and Develpment Arbele Limited, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - William Chi Shing Tai
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Sze Chuen Cesar Wong
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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5
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Lessey LR, Robinson SC, Chaudhary R, Daniel JM. Adherens junction proteins on the move—From the membrane to the nucleus in intestinal diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:998373. [PMID: 36274850 PMCID: PMC9581404 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.998373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The function and structure of the mammalian epithelial cell layer is maintained by distinct intercellular adhesion complexes including adherens junctions (AJs), tight junctions, and desmosomes. The AJ is most integral for stabilizing cell-cell adhesion and conserving the structural integrity of epithelial tissues. AJs are comprised of the transmembrane protein E-cadherin and cytoplasmic catenin cofactors (α, β, γ, and p120-catenin). One organ where malfunction of AJ is a major contributor to disease states is the mammalian intestine. In the intestine, cell-cell adhesion complexes work synergistically to maintain structural integrity and homeostasis of the epithelium and prevent its malfunction. Consequently, when AJ integrity is compromised in the intestinal epithelium, the ensuing homeostatic disruption leads to diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal carcinoma. In addition to their function at the plasma membrane, protein components of AJs also have nuclear functions and are thus implicated in regulating gene expression and intracellular signaling. Within the nucleus, AJ proteins have been shown to interact with transcription factors such as TCF/LEF and Kaiso (ZBTB33), which converge on the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. The multifaceted nature of AJ proteins highlights their complexity in modulating homeostasis and emphasizes the importance of their subcellular localization and expression in the mammalian intestine. In this review, we summarize the nuclear roles of AJ proteins in intestinal tissues; their interactions with transcription factors and how this leads to crosstalk with canonical Wnt signaling; and how nuclear AJ proteins are implicated in intestinal homeostasis and disease.
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6
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Association of β-Catenin, APC, SMAD3/4, Tp53, and Cyclin D1 Genes in Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Genet Res (Camb) 2022; 2022:5338956. [PMID: 36072013 PMCID: PMC9402361 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5338956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Accumulating evidence indicates that the expression and/or variants of several genes play an essential role in the progress of colorectal cancer (CRC). The current study is a meta-analysis undertaken to estimate the prognosis and survival associated with CTNNB1/β-catenin, APC, Wnt, SMAD3/4, TP53, and Cyclin D1 genes among CRC patients. Methods The authors searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Science Direct for relevant reports published between 2000 and 2020 and analyzed them to determine any relationship between the (immunohistochemically/sequencing-detected) gene expression and variants of the selected genes and the survival of CRC patients. Results The analysis included 34,074 patients from 64 studies. To evaluate association, hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated for overall survival (OS) or disease-free survival (DFS), with a 95% confidence interval (CIs). Pooled results showed that β-catenin overexpression, APC mutation, SMAD-3 or 4 loss of expression, TP53 mutations, and Cyclin D1 expression were associated with shorter OS. β-Catenin overexpression (HR: 0.137 (95% CI: 0.131–0.406)), loss of expression of SMAD3 or 4 (HR: 0.449 (95% CI: 0.146–0.753)), the mutations of TP53 (HR: 0.179 (95% CI: 0.126–0.485)), and Cyclin D1 expression (HR: 0.485 (95% CI: 0.772–0.198)) also presented risk for shorter DFS. Conclusions The present meta-analysis indicates that overexpression or underexpression and variants of CTNNB1/β-catenin, APC, SMAD3/4, TP53, and Cyclin D1 genes potentially acted as unfavorable biomarkers for the prognosis of CRC. The Wnt gene was not associated with prognosis.
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Kal S, Chakraborty S, Karmakar S, Ghosh MK. Wnt/β-catenin signaling and p68 conjointly regulate CHIP in colorectal carcinoma. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119185. [PMID: 34890713 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidences suggest abundant expression of Carboxy terminus of Hsc70 Interacting Protein or CHIP (alias STIP1 Homology and U-box Containing Protein 1 or STUB1) in colorectal carcinoma, but the mechanistic detail of this augmented expression pattern is unclear. The signature driver of canonical Wnt pathway, β-catenin, and its co-activator RNA helicase p68, are also overexpressed in colorectal carcinoma. In this study, we describe a novel mechanism of Wnt/β-catenin and p68 mediated transcriptional activation of CHIP gene leading to enhanced proliferation of colorectal carcinoma cells. Bioinformatic analyses reconfirmed an elevated CHIP expression level in colorectal carcinoma datasets. Wnt3A treatment and pharmacological activation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway resulted in increased nuclear translocation of β-catenin, augmenting CHIP expression. Likewise, immunoblotting and Real time PCR following overexpression and knockdown of β-catenin and p68 demonstrated upregulated and downregulated CHIP expression, respectively, at both mRNA and protein levels. p68 along with β-catenin were found to occupy Transcription Factor 4 (TCF4) binding sites on endogenous CHIP promoter and regulate its transcription. After cloning CHIP promoter, the increased and decreased promoter activities of CHIP induced by overexpression and knockdown of either β-catenin or p68 further confirmed transcriptional regulation of CHIP gene by Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade. Finally, enhanced cellular propagation and migration of colorectal carcinoma cells induced by 'Wnt/β-catenin-p68-CHIP' axis established the significance of this pathway in oncogenesis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report elucidating the mechanistic details of transcriptional regulation of CHIP (STUB1) gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satadeepa Kal
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata- 700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Shrabastee Chakraborty
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata- 700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Subhajit Karmakar
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata- 700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Mrinal K Ghosh
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata- 700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
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8
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Winarko W, Rahayu P, Soeatmadji D, Mintaroem K. Differences in the Expression of β-Catenin Nucleus/Cytoplasm Ratio e-Cadherin and n-Cadherin and Correlation of β-Catenin Cytoplasm and Cadherin in Model of Duke D Stage Colorectal Cancer Cell Line. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.6140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: β-catenin has a critical role in the homeostasis processes. Wnt/β-catenin signaling mainly involved in the modulation of cancer cell development.
AIM: This research aimed to investigate the differences of β-catenin expression observed in the form of nucleus–cytoplasm ratio, the differences of E-cadherin and N-cadherin expressions, and the correlation between N-cadherin and E-cadherin and β-catenin cytoplasm in Dukes D stage colorectal cancer (CRC), which is an advanced stage and has experienced metastasis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study followed an experimental research design. The processes of culture manufacturing and subculture preparation of Dukes D stage CRC cell line model were performed before the administration of β-catenin, E-cadherin, and N-cadherin antibodies. The next process was staining using fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate and rhodamine, and observations were performed using a confocal microscope. The number of cells was counted, and the intensity of antibody expression based on the arbitrary unit was measured.
RESULTS: There was a significant difference between the expression of β-catenin nucleus and cytoplasm expression (p = 0.00), as well as between E-cadherin expression and N-cadherin expression (p = 0.00). In addition, a correlation also existed between an increased N-cadherin expression and decreased E-cadherin expression and β-catenin cytoplasm in Dukes D stage CRC, but the results were not significant (p = 0.837 and p = 0.108).
CONCLUSION: In advanced-stage CRC (Dukes D), the Wnt signaling proved to be active and was characterized by a high expression of β-catenin nucleus, it activates the target gene. Similarly, at the Dukes D stage, N-cadherin expression increased whereas E-cadherin expression decreased in which causing the translocation of β-catenin into the nucleus.
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10
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Lin CH, Hsu TI, Chiou PY, Hsiao M, Wang WC, Chen YC, Lin JT, Wang JY, Lin PC, Lin FC, Tseng YK, Cheng HC, Chen CL, Lu PJ. Downregulation of STK4 promotes colon cancer invasion/migration through blocking β-catenin degradation. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:2574-2588. [PMID: 32741119 PMCID: PMC7530774 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian STE20-like kinase 1 (MST1/STK4/KRS2) encodes a serine/threonine kinase that is the mammalian homolog of Drosophila Hippo. STK4 plays an important role in controlling cell growth, apoptosis, and organ size. STK4 has been studied in many cancers with previous studies indicating an involvement in colon cancer lymph node metastasis and highlighting its potential as a diagnostic marker for colon cancer. However, the role of STK4 defect in promoting colon cancer progression is still understudied. Here, we found that STK4 was significantly downregulated in colon cancer and was associated with distal metastasis and poor survival. Furthermore, STK4 knockdown enhanced sphere formation and metastasis in vitro and promoted tumor development in vivo. We found that STK4 colocalized with β-catenin and directly phosphorylated β-catenin resulting in its degradation via the ubiquitin-mediated pathway. This may suggest that STK4 knockdown causes β-catenin phosphorylation failure and subsequently β-catenin accumulation, consequently leading to anchorage-independent growth and metastasis in colon cancer. Our results support that STK4 may act as a potential candidate for the assessment of β-catenin-mediated colon cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Han Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tai-I Hsu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Chiou
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ching Wang
- Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chia Chen
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Tai Lin
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Yuan Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Chan Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Forn-Chia Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Kai Tseng
- Department of Orthopedics, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chuan Cheng
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Long Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jung Lu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Clinical Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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11
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Queiroz CJS, Song F, Reed KR, Al-Khafaji N, Clarke AR, Vimalachandran D, Miyajima F, Pritchard DM, Jenkins JR. NAP1L1: A Novel Human Colorectal Cancer Biomarker Derived From Animal Models of Apc Inactivation. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1565. [PMID: 32850460 PMCID: PMC7431561 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide and most deaths result from metastases. We have analyzed animal models in which Apc, a gene that is frequently mutated during the early stages of colorectal carcinogenesis, was inactivated and human samples to try to identify novel potential biomarkers for CRC. Materials and Methods We initially compared the proteomic and transcriptomic profiles of the small intestinal epithelium of transgenic mice in which Apc and/or Myc had been inactivated. We then studied the mRNA and immunohistochemical expression of one protein that we identified to show altered expression following Apc inactivation, nucleosome assembly protein 1–like 1 (NAP1L1) in human CRC samples and performed a prognostic correlation between biomarker expression and survival in CRC patients. Results Nap1l1 mRNA expression was increased in mouse small intestine following Apc deletion in a Myc dependant manner and was also increased in human CRC samples. Immunohistochemical NAP1L1 expression was decreased in human CRC samples relative to matched adjacent normal colonic tissue. In a separate cohort of 75 CRC patients, we found a strong correlation between NAP1L1 nuclear expression and overall survival in those patients who had stage III and IV cancers. Conclusion NAP1L1 expression is increased in the mouse small intestine following Apc inactivation and its expression is also altered in human CRC. Immunohistochemical NAP1L1 nuclear expression correlated with overall survival in a cohort of CRC patients. Further studies are now required to clarify the role of this protein in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleberson J S Queiroz
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Henry Wellcome Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiaba, Brazil
| | - Fei Song
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Henry Wellcome Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,INFRAFRONTIER GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Karen R Reed
- Wales Gene Park, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Biosciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Nadeem Al-Khafaji
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Henry Wellcome Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Alan R Clarke
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Biosciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Dale Vimalachandran
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Chester, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Miyajima
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Henry Wellcome Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Eusebio, Brazil
| | - D Mark Pritchard
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Henry Wellcome Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - John R Jenkins
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Henry Wellcome Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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12
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Pádua D, Figueira P, Ribeiro I, Almeida R, Mesquita P. The Relevance of Transcription Factors in Gastric and Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells Identification and Eradication. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:442. [PMID: 32626705 PMCID: PMC7314965 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric and colorectal cancers have a high incidence and mortality worldwide. The presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) within the tumor mass has been indicated as the main reason for tumor relapse, metastasis and therapy resistance, leading to poor overall survival. Thus, the elimination of CSCs became a crucial goal for cancer treatment. The identification of these cells has been performed by using cell-surface markers, a reliable approach, however it lacks specificity and usually differs among tumor type and in some cases even within the same type. In theory, the ideal CSC markers are those that are required to maintain their stemness features. The knowledge that CSCs exhibit characteristics comparable to normal stem cells that could be associated with the expression of similar transcription factors (TFs) including SOX2, OCT4, NANOG, KLF4 and c-Myc, and signaling pathways such as the Wnt/β-catenin, Hedgehog (Hh), Notch and PI3K/AKT/mTOR directed the attention to the use of these similarities to identify and target CSCs in different tumor types. Several studies have demonstrated that the abnormal expression of some TFs and the dysregulation of signaling pathways are associated with tumorigenesis and CSC phenotype. The disclosure of common and appropriate biomarkers for CSCs will provide an incredible tool for cancer prognosis and treatment. Therefore, this review aims to gather the new insights in gastric and colorectal CSC identification specially by using TFs as biomarkers and divulge promising drugs that have been found and tested for targeting these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Pádua
- i3S – Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Figueira
- i3S – Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Ribeiro
- i3S – Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Almeida
- i3S – Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Mesquita
- i3S – Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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13
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Altered expression of fibroblast activation protein-α (FAP) in colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence and in lymph node and liver metastases. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:10337-10358. [PMID: 32428869 PMCID: PMC7346028 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health problem in elderly people because of its high incidence and high mortality rate. Despite early screening programs, more than half of CRC patients are diagnosed at advanced stages. Fibroblast activation protein-α (FAP) expression in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) has been associated with a higher risk of metastases and poor survival. Here, we have analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of FAP in 41 adenoma-carcinoma sequences. In addition, FAP expression was analyzed individually and in combination with β-catenin (BCAT), CD44 and Cyclin-D1 expression in primary tumors and in their corresponding lymph node and liver metastases (n=294). Finally, soluble FAP (sFAP) levels in plasma from CRC patients (n=127) were also analyzed by ELISA. FAP was expressed only in CRC tissue and its expression level was found to be higher in tumors exhibiting deeper local invasion and poorer cancer cell differentiation. FAP and concomitant nuclear BCAT expression in cancer cells at the infiltrating front of primary tumors and in lymph node metastases was independently associated with 5- and 10-year cancer specific and disease-free survival. Moreover, lower sFAP levels correlated with poorer survival. These findings support the potential importance of FAP as a biomarker of CRC development and progression.
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14
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Apprich V, Licka T, Freiler S, Gabriel C. Equine Hoof Canker: Bovine Papillomavirus Infection Is Not Associated With Impaired Keratinocyte Differentiation. Vet Pathol 2020; 57:525-534. [PMID: 32347169 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820921820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Impaired keratinocyte differentiation has recently been suggested as a key event in equine hoof canker development. Koilocytotic appearance of keratinocytes, one of the most characteristic morphological alterations in hoof canker tissue, is also a common marker for papillomavirus (PV) infection, and bovine PV-1 and/or -2 (BPV-1/2) has previously been detected in equine canker patients. Therefore, the present study aimed to correlate the frequency and severity of koilocytotic keratinocytes with BPV detection in hoof canker samples. Hoof tissue of 5/18 canker-affected horses and 2/6 control horses tested positive for BPV-1/2 DNA using polymerase chain reaction. Thus, no association between the presence of BPV-1/2 papillomaviral DNA and koilocytotic appearance was found. Proteins associated with but not specific for PV infection were also investigated. Using immunohistochemistry, specific adhesion molecules (E-cadherin and β-catenin) and intermediate filaments (keratins 6 and 14) important for intact epidermal barrier function and keratinocyte differentiation were documented in control samples (n = 6) and in hoof canker tissue samples (n = 19). Altered expression patterns of intermediate filaments and adhesion molecules were demonstrated in canker tissue, confirming the importance of incomplete keratinocyte differentiation, as well as the crucial role of keratinocyte differentiation in hoof canker.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Theresia Licka
- University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.,University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
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15
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Xie X, Li Y, Zhu H, Kuang Z, Chen D, Fan T. Prognostic Significance of β-Catenin Expression in Osteosarcoma: A Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:402. [PMID: 32328456 PMCID: PMC7160797 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: β-catenin plays a crucial role in the progression of osteosarcoma. However, the clinical significance of β-catenin over-expression in osteosarcoma still remains unclear. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis of studies that evaluated the impact of β-catenin on metastasis and overall survival (OS) in osteosarcoma. Methods: We searched PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Embase, Springer, Science Direct, OVID, Weipu, Wanfang and China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI) databases from their start year up to Aug.2019. Individual hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted and pooled HRs with 95% CIs or odd ratio (OR) were used to evaluate the relationships between β-catenin over-expression and metastasis and overall survival in osteosarcoma. Results: Eight related studies involving 521 patients were qualified for this meta-analysis. Results showed that over-expression of β-catenin was significantly correlated with metastasis (OR = 3.31, 95% CI = 2.08–5.24, P < 0.001) and overall survival (HR = 2.32, 95% CI = 1.48–363, P = 0.02). Conclusion: The meta-analysis revealed that over-expression of β-catenin might be associated with distant metastasis and overall survival in osteosarcoma, which reminds that β-catenin acts as a prognostic biomarker and it can guide the clinical therapy in osteosarcoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yumei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haixia Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixing Kuang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Nanping First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Deta Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyou Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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16
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Alexandraki KI, Kaltsas GA, Karavitaki N, Grossman AB. The Medical Therapy of Craniopharyngiomas: The Way Ahead. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:5751-5764. [PMID: 31369091 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-01299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Craniopharyngiomas, which are categorized as adamantinomatous (ACPs) or papillary (PCPs), have traditionally been treated with surgery and/or radiotherapy, although when the tumors progress or recur, therapeutic possibilities are very limited. Following recent advances in their molecular pathogenesis, new medical therapeutic options have emerged. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION The search strategy that we selected to identify the appropriate evidence involved the following medical subject headings (MeSH) terms: ("Craniopharyngioma" [MeSH] AND "Craniopharyngioma/drug therapy" [MeSH]) NOT ("review" [Publication Type] OR "review literature as topic" [MeSH Terms] OR "review" [All Fields]) AND ("2009/05/01" [PDat]: "2019/04/28" [PDat]). EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Mutations of β-catenin causing Wnt activation with alterations of the MEK/ERK pathway are encountered in the great majority of patients with ACPs; specific alterations also stratify patients to a more aggressive behavior. In most PCPs there is primary activation of the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway secondary to BRAF-V600E mutations. BRAF inhibitors, such as dabrafenib or vemurafenib, either alone or in combination with the MEK inhibitors trametinib and cobimetinib, have been administered to patients with PCPs producing clinically useful and, in some cases, sustained responses. In contrast to PCPs, drugs targeting β-catenin and its downstream MAPK pathway in ACPs have so far only been used in in vitro studies, but there appear to be promising new targets clinically. CONCLUSIONS The identification of specific genetic alterations in patients with craniopharyngiomas has expanded the therapeutic options, providing evidence for a customized approach using newer molecular agents. More studies including a larger number of carefully selected patients are required to evaluate the response to currently available and evolving agents alone and in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystallenia I Alexandraki
- Endocrine Unit, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Medicine, Laiko University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gregory A Kaltsas
- Endocrine Unit, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Medicine, Laiko University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Niki Karavitaki
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley B Grossman
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Centre for Endocrinology, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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17
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Wang J, Xing B, Liu W, Li J, Wang X, Li J, Yang J, Ji C, Li Z, Dong B, Gao J, Shen L. Molecularly annotation of mouse avatar models derived from patients with colorectal cancer liver metastasis. Theranostics 2019; 9:3485-3500. [PMID: 31281492 PMCID: PMC6587174 DOI: 10.7150/thno.32033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Liver is the most common metastatic site in advanced colorectal cancer. Most patients with colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM) do not benefit from current treatment. Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) with defined molecular signatures are attractive models for preclinical studies. Methods: Successfully established PDXs were evaluated to elucidate their fidelity of patients' biologic characteristics (pathologic, genetic and protein properties, together with chemosensitivity). The genomic variations of PDXs were analyzed by next-generation sequencing to explore the underlying molecular mechanism of metastasis and potential therapeutic targets. Results: CRLM (N=73) showed a significantly higher successful PDX establishment rate than primary specimens (N=26; 76.7% vs. 57.7%). CRLM PDXs recapitulated the pathologic, genetic and protein properties of parental tumors, as well as chemosensitivity. Frequent altered genes in PDXs showed high consistency compared to patients' genomic alterations and were enriched in MAPK, ErbB, cell cycle, focal adhesion pathways for CRLM PDXs, whereas primary tumor-derived PDXs only exhibited genomic variations involving ErbB and cell cycle. The genetic alterations showed high concordance between paired PDXs from primary and metastatic tissues, except for recurrent gene mutations (ARID1A, CDK8, ETV1, STAT5B and WNK3) and common copy number gains in chromosomes 20q (e.g., SRC/AURKA). Several potential drug targets such as KRAS, HER2, and FGFR2 were validated using corresponding inhibitors. Additionally, PDX models could also be used in screening efficient regimens for patients with no druggable alterations. Conclusion: This study has successfully established and validated a large panel of molecularly annotated platforms from patients with CRLM for preclinical studies.
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18
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Novel Thienopyrimidine Derivative, RP-010, Induces β-Catenin Fragmentation and Is Efficacious against Prostate Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050711. [PMID: 31126091 PMCID: PMC6563099 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Thienopyrimidines containing a thiophene ring fused to pyrimidine are reported to have a wide-spectrum of anticancer efficacy in vitro. Here, we report for the first time that thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine-based compounds, also known as the RP series, have efficacy in prostate cancer cells. The compound RP-010 was efficacious against both PC-3 and DU145 prostate cancer (PC) cells (IC50 < 1 µM). The cytotoxicity of RP-010 was significantly lower in non-PC, CHO, and CRL-1459 cell lines. RP-010 (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 µM) arrested prostate cancer cells in G2 phase of the cell cycle, and induced mitotic catastrophe and apoptosis in both PC cell lines. Mechanistic studies suggested that RP-010 (1 and 2 µM) affected the wingless-type MMTV (Wnt)/β-catenin signaling pathway, in association with β-catenin fragmentation, while also downregulating important proteins in the pathway, including LRP-6, DVL3, and c-Myc. Interestingly, RP-010 (1 and 2 µM) induced nuclear translocation of the negative feedback proteins, Naked 1 and Naked 2, in the Wnt pathway. In addition, RP-010 (0.5, 1, 2 and 4 µM) significantly decreased the migration of PC cells in vitro. Finally, RP-010 did not produce significant toxic effects in zebrafish at concentrations of up to 6 µM. In conclusion, RP-010 may be an efficacious and relatively nontoxic anticancer compound for prostate cancer. Future mechanistic and in vivo efficacy studies are needed to optimize the hit compound RP-010 for lead optimization and clinical use.
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19
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Elbadawy M, Usui T, Yamawaki H, Sasaki K. Emerging Roles of C-Myc in Cancer Stem Cell-Related Signaling and Resistance to Cancer Chemotherapy: A Potential Therapeutic Target Against Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2340. [PMID: 31083525 PMCID: PMC6539579 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Myc is a nuclear transcription factor that mainly regulates cell growth, cell cycle, metabolism, and survival. Myc family proteins contain c-Myc, n-Myc, and l-Myc. Among them, c-Myc can become a promising therapeutic target molecule in cancer. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are known to be responsible for the therapeutic resistance. In the previous study, we demonstrated that c-Myc mediates drug resistance of colorectal CSCs using a patient-derived primary three-dimensional (3D) organoid culture. In this review, we mainly focus on the roles of c-Myc-related signaling in the regulation of CSCs, chemotherapy resistance, and colorectal cancer organoids. Finally, we introduce the various types of c-Myc inhibitors and propose the possibility of c-Myc as a therapeutic target against colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elbadawy
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Elqaliobiya 13736, Egypt.
| | - Tatsuya Usui
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Yamawaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan.
| | - Kazuaki Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
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20
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Park SY, Kim D, Kee SH. Metformin-activated AMPK regulates β-catenin to reduce cell proliferation in colon carcinoma RKO cells. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:2695-2702. [PMID: 30854043 PMCID: PMC6365932 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.9892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin can suppress cell proliferation and viability by altering mitochondrial energy metabolism and by the activation of 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). The current study demonstrated that metformin-induced suppression of cell proliferation is further potentiated by AMPK-mediated suppression of β-catenin-dependent wingless-type (Wnt) signaling. Treatment with metformin reduced mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis, leading to an energy imbalance that may induce AMPK phosphorylation in RKO cells. Metformin treatment also decreased β-catenin expression in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Active AMPK was revealed to be associated with β-catenin. The decrease in β-catenin expression was inhibited by proteosome inhibition through phosphorylation of β-catenin at serine 33/37. Given that nuclear translocation-associated phosphorylation of β-catenin at serine was maintained, the association of β-catenin with AMPK may sequester β-catenin in the cytoplasm and lead to proteosomal degradation. Furthermore, metformin-induced suppression of cell proliferation was partially recovered by AMPK inhibition, while metformin inhibited Wnt-mediated cell proliferation and β-catenin expression. The present results suggest that AMPK activation can suppress β-catenin-dependent Wnt signaling by cytoplasmic sequestering of β-catenin through AMPK, which further decreases cell proliferation in addition to metformin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Yi Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasarang Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Ho Kee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea
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21
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The emergence of solid stress as a potent biomechanical marker of tumour progression. Emerg Top Life Sci 2018; 2:739-749. [PMID: 33530664 DOI: 10.1042/etls20180049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a disease of dysregulated mechanics which alters cell behaviour, compromises tissue structure, and promotes tumour growth and metastasis. In the context of tumour progression, the most widely studied of biomechanical markers is matrix stiffness as tumour tissue is typically stiffer than healthy tissue. However, solid stress has recently been identified as another marker of tumour growth, with findings strongly suggesting that its role in cancer is distinct from that of stiffness. Owing to the relative infancy of the field which draws from diverse disciplines, a comprehensive knowledge of the relationships between solid stress, tumorigenesis, and metastasis is likely to provide new and valuable insights. In this review, we discuss the micro- and macro-scale biomechanical interactions that give rise to solid stresses, and also examine the techniques developed to quantify solid stress within the tumour environment. Moreover, by reviewing the effects of solid stress on tissues, cancer and stromal cells, and signalling pathways, we also detail its mode of action at each level of the cancer cascade.
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22
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Roseweir AK, Kong CY, Park JH, Bennett L, Powell AGMT, Quinn J, van Wyk HC, Horgan PG, McMillan DC, Edwards J, Roxburgh CS. A novel tumor-based epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition score that associates with prognosis and metastasis in patients with Stage II/III colorectal cancer. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:150-159. [PMID: 29992570 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It is increasingly appreciated that host factors within the tumor center and microenvironment play a key role in dictating colorectal cancer (CRC) outcomes. As a result, the metastatic process has now been defined as a result of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Establishment of the role of EMT within the tumor center and its effect on the tumor microenvironment would be beneficial for prognosis and therapeutic intervention in CRC. The present study assessed five immunohistochemical EMT markers within the tumor center on a 185 Stage II/III CRC patient tissue microarray. In 185 patients with CRC, cytoplasmic snail (HR 1.94 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15-3.29, p = 0.012) and a novel combined EMT score (HR 3.86 95% CI 2.17-6.86, p < 0.001) were associated with decreased cancer-specific survival. The combined EMT score was also associated with increased tumor budding (p = 0.046), and systemic inflammation (p = 0.007), as well as decreased memory T-cells within the stroma (p = 0.030) and at the invasive margin (p = 0.035). Furthermore, the combined EMT score was associated with cancer-specific survival independent of TNM-stage (HR 4.12 95% CI 2.30-7.39, p < 0.001). In conclusion, a novel combined EMT score stratifies patient's survival in Stage II/III CRC and associates with key factors of tumor metastasis. Therefore, the combined EMT score could be used to identify patients at risk of micrometastases and who may benefit from standard adjuvant therapy, potentially in combination with EMT blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Roseweir
- School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - C Y Kong
- School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - J H Park
- School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsay Bennett
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - A G M T Powell
- Department of Genetics and Cancer, University of Cardiff, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - J Quinn
- School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - H C van Wyk
- School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - P G Horgan
- School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - D C McMillan
- School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Edwards
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - C S Roxburgh
- School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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23
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Liu L, Zhi Q, Shen M, Gong FR, Zhou BP, Lian L, Shen B, Chen K, Duan W, Wu MY, Tao M, Li W. FH535, a β-catenin pathway inhibitor, represses pancreatic cancer xenograft growth and angiogenesis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:47145-47162. [PMID: 27323403 PMCID: PMC5216931 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The WNT/β-catenin pathway plays an important role in pancreatic cancer carcinogenesis. We evaluated the correlation between aberrant β-catenin pathway activation and the prognosis pancreatic cancer, and the potential of applying the β-catenin pathway inhibitor FH535 to pancreatic cancer treatment. Meta-analysis and immunohistochemistry showed that abnormal β-catenin pathway activation was associated with unfavorable outcome. FH535 repressed pancreatic cancer xenograft growth in vivo. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of microarray data indicated that target genes responding to FH535 participated in stemness maintenance. Real-time PCR and flow cytometry confirmed that FH535 downregulated CD24 and CD44, pancreatic cancer stem cell (CSC) markers, suggesting FH535 impairs pancreatic CSC stemness. GO analysis of β-catenin chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing data identified angiogenesis-related gene regulation. Immunohistochemistry showed that higher microvessel density correlated with elevated nuclear β-catenin expression and unfavorable outcome. FH535 repressed the secretion of the proangiogenic cytokines vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α, and also inhibited angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Protein and mRNA microarrays revealed that FH535 downregulated the proangiogenic genes ANGPT2, VEGFR3, IFN-γ, PLAUR, THPO, TIMP1, and VEGF. FH535 not only represses pancreatic CSC stemness in vitro, but also remodels the tumor microenvironment by repressing angiogenesis, warranting further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qiaoming Zhi
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Meng Shen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fei-Ran Gong
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Binhua P Zhou
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lian Lian
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, Suzhou Xiangcheng People's Hospital, Suzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Suzhou Xiangcheng People's Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Bairong Shen
- Center for Systems Biology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Weiming Duan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Meng-Yao Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Min Tao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,PREMED Key Laboratory for Precision Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Center for Systems Biology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,PREMED Key Laboratory for Precision Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, Suzhou, China
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24
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Gong XY, Ma N, Xu HX, Chen F, Huang XH, Wang Q. Prognostic significance of c-Met, β-catenin and FAK in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma following surgery. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:3796-3805. [PMID: 29467897 PMCID: PMC5796308 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of specific molecular markers in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who had received surgery. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to measure the expression of hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-Met), β-catenin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in patients with HCC. c-Met expression was identified to be high in patients with larger tumors, higher α-fetoprotein (AFP) levels, higher Edmondson grades, portal vein invasion and higher tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stages. FAK expression was high in patients with portal vein invasion, higher Edmondson grades and higher TNM stages. β-catenin expression was high in patients with larger tumors, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, portal vein invasion, higher Edmondson grades and higher TNM stages. Following multivariate analysis, FAK (P=0.002) and β-catenin (P=0.006) expression levels were demonstrated to be significantly associated with Edmondson grade. Additionally, the tumor size (P=0.009) and HBV infection status (P=0.002) were revealed to be associated with β-catenin expression. Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis demonstrated that patients with HCC with higher FAK expression, higher β-catenin expression, portal vein invasion, higher Edmondson grades, higher TNM stages, younger ages and higher AFP levels had significantly poorer prognoses. Cox's regression analysis revealed that the survival period was correlated with the Edmondson grade, age, AFP level, and FAK and β-catenin expression. Univariate analysis of c-Met, β-catenin and FAK identified a significant correlation between FAK and β-catenin (P=0.015). Correlation analysis revealed no significant correlation between the three molecular markers, but β-catenin and c-Met were markedly correlated (P=0.052). No significant correlation between FAK, c-Met or β-catenin expression was identified. FAK and β-catenin expression demonstrated a correlation with a range of clinicopathological factors, and high FAK and β-catenin expression levels were identified to be correlated with a poor survival rate of patients with HCC. Thus, patients with higher FAK and β-catenin expression may require more aggressive therapy. The results of the present study suggest that FAK and β-catenin expression possess more prognostic value than c-Met expression in patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yi Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of General Surgical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Xu Xu
- Laboratory of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Fan Chen
- Department of General Surgical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Hui Huang
- Department of General Surgical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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25
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c-Cbl mediates the degradation of tumorigenic nuclear β-catenin contributing to the heterogeneity in Wnt activity in colorectal tumors. Oncotarget 2018; 7:71136-71150. [PMID: 27661103 PMCID: PMC5342068 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the loss of Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) in a majority of colorectal cancers (CRC), not all CRCs bear hallmarks of Wnt activation, such as nuclear β-catenin. This underscores the presence of other Wnt regulators that are important to define, given the pathogenic and prognostic roles of nuclear β-catenin in human CRC. Herein, we investigated the effect of Casitas B-lineage lymphoma (c-Cbl) on nuclear β-catenin, which is an oncoprotein upregulated in CRC due to loss-of-function APC or gain-of-function CTNNB1 mutations. Despite mechanistic rationale and recent discoveries of c-Cbl's mutations in solid tumors, little is known about its functional importance in CRC. Our study in a cohort of human CRC patients demonstrated an inverse correlation between nuclear β-catenin and c-Cbl. Further investigation showed that the loss of c-Cbl activity significantly enhanced nuclear β-catenin and CRC tumor growth in cell culture and a mouse xenograft model. c-Cbl interacted with and downregulated β-catenin in a manner that was independent of CTNNB1 or APC mutation status. This study demonstrates a previously unrecognized function of c-Cbl as a negative regulator of CRC.
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26
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Schirosi L, Mazzotta A, Opinto G, Pinto R, Graziano G, Tommasi S, Fucci L, Simone G, Mangia A. β-catenin interaction with NHERF1 and RASSF1A methylation in metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Oncotarget 2018; 7:67841-67850. [PMID: 27765918 PMCID: PMC5356523 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing need to identify new biomarkers in colorectal cancer (CRC) to further characterize this malignancy. β-catenin plays a central role in the Wnt signaling pathway. It also binds Na+/H+ exchanger regulating factor 1 (NHERF1) and interacts with the RAS-association domain family 1, isoform A (RASSF1A), but the mechanisms of this possible crosstalk are still not fully understood. In this study, we analyzed for the first time the different subcellular expression of β-catenin, NHERF1, and RASSF1A and their relationships with RASSF1A methylation in the progression of CRC. We assessed immunohistochemical expression and RASSF1A methylation in 51 patients with stage IV colorectal cancer. Biomarker expression analysis was carried out considering the tumor-adjacent normal tissue, the primary tumor, and the paired liver metastases. Regarding the tumor compartment, it was found that cytoplasmic β-catenin expression was positively correlated to membranous (r = 0.3002, p = 0.0323) and nuclear NHERF1 (r = 0.293, p = 0.0368). In the liver metastases, instead, we found a positive correlation of cytoplasmic and nuclear β-catenin expression with RASSF1A methylation (r = 0.4019, p = 0.0068 and r = 0.3194, p = 0.0345, respectively). In conclusion, our results showed that β-catenin was the crucial protagonist in metastatic CRC through different effector proteins involved in this developing process. In tumor tissues, β-catenin was predominantly associated with NHERF1 in a dynamic context, while interestingly in liver metastases, we noted an increase of its oncogenic function through RASSF1A inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Schirosi
- Functional Biomorphology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Mazzotta
- Functional Biomorphology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Opinto
- Functional Biomorphology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Pinto
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Giusi Graziano
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Stefania Tommasi
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Livia Fucci
- Pathology Department, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Simone
- Pathology Department, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Anita Mangia
- Functional Biomorphology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
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27
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Thyroid Hormone Promotes β-Catenin Activation and Cell Proliferation in Colorectal Cancer. Discov Oncol 2018; 9:156-165. [PMID: 29380230 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-018-0324-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone status has long been implicated in cancer development. Here we investigated the role of thyroxine (T4) in colorectal cancer cell lines HCT 116 (APC wild type) and HT-29 (APC mutant), as well as the primary cultures of cancer cells derived from patients. Cell proliferation was evaluated with standard assay and proliferation marker expression. β-Catenin activation was examined according to nuclear β-catenin accumulation and β-catenin target gene expression. The results showed that T4 increased colorectal cancer cell proliferation while cell number and viability were elevated by T4 in both established cell lines and primary cells. Moreover, the transcriptions of proliferative genes PCNA, CCND1, and c-Myc were enhanced by T4 in the primary cells. T4 induced nuclear β-catenin accumulation, as well as high cyclin D1 and c-Myc levels compared to the untreated cells. In addition, the β-catenin-directed transactivation of CCND1 and c-Myc promoters was also upregulated by T4. CTNNB1 transcription was raised by T4 in HCT 116, but not in HT-29, while the boosted β-catenin levels were observed in both. Lastly, the T4-mediated gene expression could be averted by the knockdown of β-catenin. These results suggested that T4 promotes β-catenin activation and cell proliferation in colorectal cancer, indicating that an applicable therapeutic strategy should be considered.
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28
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Wu Q, Zhou L, Yang Y, Qin Y, Ou Y. Correlation of Wnt antagonist sFPR1, Slug and β-catenin with prognosis and metastasis in colorectal carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:269-280. [PMID: 31938110 PMCID: PMC6957938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
sFPR1 plays an important role in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) tumorigenesis, Slug is also considered to be related to the development of CRC. However, the relationship between them and the mechanism of their involvement in CRC metastasis remain unknown. In this study, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect the expression of sFPR1, β-catenin, and Slug in 145 samples of CRC and corresponding surrounding "normal" mucosa tissues. Furthermore, clinicopathological features such as age, sex and so on were also collected retrospectively. Western blot and Transwell were used to detect proteins expression and migration capacity. In present study, the expression of sFPR1, Slug and β-catenin proteins were significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis and tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage of patients with CRC. sFPR1 expression showed a negative correlation with Slug and β-catenin. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that the postoperative 5-year OS of patients was related to the expression of sFPR1 and Slug, multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that sFPR1 expression was an independent prognostic factor for CRC patients. Moreover, we found that the expression of slug and β-catenin could be regulated by sFPR1 in SW480 cells, and migration capacity of SW480 cells was suppressed with sFPR1 restoration. In summary, our data suggest that sFRP1, Slug and β-catenin are related to metastasis and prognosis in CRC. sFPR1 could mediate CRC metastasis by regulating the expression of Slug and β-catenin. Combined detection of these factors may be of significant value in predicting the metastasis and prognosis in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Yanzi Qin
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Yurong Ou
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbu, Anhui, China
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29
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Yuan G, Zhang B, Yang S, Jin L, Datta A, Bae S, Chen X, Datta PK. Novel role of STRAP in progression and metastasis of colorectal cancer through Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Oncotarget 2017; 7:16023-37. [PMID: 26910283 PMCID: PMC4941295 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Serine-Threonine Kinase Receptor-Associated Protein (STRAP) interacts with a variety of proteins and influences a wide range of cellular processes. Aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been implicated in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we show the molecular mechanism by which STRAP induces CRC metastasis by promoting β-catenin signaling through its stabilization. We have genetically engineered a series of murine and human CRC and lung cancer cell lines to investigate the effects of STRAP on cell migration and invasion in vitro, and on tumorigenicity and metastasis in vivo. Downregulation of STRAP inhibits invasion, tumorigenicity, and metastasis of CRC cells. Mechanistically, STRAP binds with GSK-3β and reduces the phosphorylation, ubiquitylation, and degradation of β-catenin through preventing its binding to the destruction complex. This leads to an inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and reduction in the expression of downstream targets, such as Cyclin D1, matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9, and ß-TrCP. In human CRC specimens, higher STRAP expression correlates significantly with β-catenin expression with increased nuclear levels (R =0.696, p < .0001, n =128). Together, these results suggest that STRAP increases invasion and metastasis of CRC partly through inhibiting ubiquitin-dependent degradation of β-catenin and promoting Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guandou Yuan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bixiang Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanzhong Yang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lin Jin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Arunima Datta
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sejong Bae
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pran K Datta
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
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30
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Song Q, Ji Q, Li Q. The role and mechanism of β‑arrestins in cancer invasion and metastasis (Review). Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:631-639. [PMID: 29207104 PMCID: PMC5752234 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
β-arrestins are a family of adaptor proteins that regulate the signaling and trafficking of various G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). They consist of β-arrestin1 and β-arrestin2 and are considered to be scaffolding proteins. β-arrestins regulate cell proliferation, promote cell invasion and migration, transmit anti-apoptotic survival signals and affect other characteristics of tumors, including tumor growth rate, angiogenesis, drug resistance, invasion and metastatic potential. It has been demonstrated that β-arrestins serve roles in various physiological and pathological processes and exhibit a similar function to GPCRs. β-arrestins serve primary roles in cancer invasion and metastasis via various signaling pathways. The present review assessed the function and mechanism of β-arrestins in cancer invasion and metastasis via multiple signaling pathways, including mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal regulated kinase, Wnt/β-catenin, nuclear factor-κB and phosphoinositide-3 kinase/Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Song
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Qing Ji
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
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31
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Small bowel carcinomas in celiac or Crohn's disease: distinctive histophenotypic, molecular and histogenetic patterns. Mod Pathol 2017; 30:1453-1466. [PMID: 28664941 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2017.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Non-familial small bowel carcinomas are relatively rare and have a poor prognosis. Two small bowel carcinoma subsets may arise in distinct immune-inflammatory diseases (celiac disease and Crohn's disease) and have been recently suggested to differ in prognosis, celiac disease-associated carcinoma cases showing a better outcome, possibly due to their higher DNA microsatellite instability and tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes. In this study, we investigated the histological structure (glandular vs diffuse/poorly cohesive, mixed or solid), cell phenotype (intestinal vs gastric/pancreatobiliary duct type) and Wnt signaling activation (β-catenin and/or SOX-9 nuclear expression) in a series of 26 celiac disease-associated small bowel carcinoma, 25 Crohn's disease-associated small bowel carcinoma and 25 sporadic small bowel carcinoma cases, searching for new prognostic parameters. In addition, non-tumor mucosa of celiac and Crohn's disease patients was investigated for epithelial precursor changes (hyperplastic, metaplastic or dysplastic) to help clarify carcinoma histogenesis. When compared with non-glandular structure and non-intestinal phenotype, both glandular structure and intestinal phenotype were associated with a more favorable outcome at univariable or stage- and microsatellite instability/tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte-inclusive multivariable analysis. The prognostic power of histological structure was independent of the clinical groups while the non-intestinal phenotype, associated with poor outcome, was dominant among Crohn's disease-associated carcinoma. Both nuclear β-catenin and SOX-9 were preferably expressed among celiac disease-associated carcinomas; however, they were devoid, per se, of prognostic value. We obtained findings supporting an origin of celiac disease-associated carcinoma in SOX-9-positive immature hyperplastic crypts, partly through flat β-catenin-positive dysplasia, and of Crohn's disease-associated carcinoma in a metaplastic (gastric and/or pancreatobiliary-type) mucosa, often through dysplastic polypoid growths of metaplastic phenotype. In conclusion, despite their common origin in a chronically inflamed mucosa, celiac disease-associated and Crohn's disease-associated small bowel carcinomas differ substantially in histological structure, phenotype, microsatellite instability/tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte status, Wnt pathway activation, mucosal precursor lesions and prognosis.
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32
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Lim Y, Totsika M, Morrison M, Punyadeera C. Oral Microbiome: A New Biomarker Reservoir for Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancers. Theranostics 2017; 7:4313-4321. [PMID: 29158828 PMCID: PMC5695015 DOI: 10.7150/thno.21804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Current biomarkers (DNA, RNA and protein) for oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers demonstrate biological variations between individuals, rendering them impractical for clinical translation. Whilst these biomarkers originate from the host, there is not much information in the literature about the influence of oral microbiota on cancer pathogenesis, especially in oral cancers. Oral microbiotas are known to participate in disease initiation and progression not only limited to the oral cavity, but also at other distant sites. Due to the close proximity of oral microbiota and oral cavity and oropharyngeal tumours, abundance changes in oral microbiota may provide useful information on tumourigenesis. This review aims to highlight information on the role of oral microbiota in oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers. An in-depth analysis into the oral microbiota may provide a new avenue to diagnose and treat these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yenkai Lim
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovations, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
- The Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Makrina Totsika
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovations, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Mark Morrison
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Chamindie Punyadeera
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovations, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
- The Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
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33
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Hafeez BB, Ganju A, Sikander M, Kashyap VK, Hafeez ZB, Chauhan N, Malik S, Massey AE, Tripathi MK, Halaweish FT, Zafar N, Singh MM, Yallapu MM, Chauhan SC, Jaggi M. Ormeloxifene Suppresses Prostate Tumor Growth and Metastatic Phenotypes via Inhibition of Oncogenic β-catenin Signaling and EMT Progression. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:2267-2280. [PMID: 28615299 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ormeloxifene is a clinically approved selective estrogen receptor modulator, which has also shown excellent anticancer activity, thus it can be an ideal repurposing pharmacophore. Herein, we report therapeutic effects of ormeloxifene on prostate cancer and elucidate a novel molecular mechanism of its anticancer activity. Ormeloxifene treatment inhibited epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process as evident by repression of N-cadherin, Slug, Snail, vimentin, MMPs (MMP2 and MMP3), β-catenin/TCF-4 transcriptional activity, and induced the expression of pGSK3β. In molecular docking analysis, ormeloxifene showed proficient docking with β-catenin and GSK3β. In addition, ormeloxifene induced apoptosis, inhibited growth and metastatic potential of prostate cancer cells and arrested cell cycle in G0-G1 phase via modulation of cell-cycle regulatory proteins (inhibition of Mcl-1, cyclin D1, and CDK4 and induction of p21 and p27). In functional assays, ormeloxifene remarkably reduced tumorigenic, migratory, and invasive potential of prostate cancer cells. In addition, ormeloxifene treatment significantly (P < 0.01) regressed the prostate tumor growth in the xenograft mouse model while administered through intraperitoneal route (250 μg/mouse, three times a week). These molecular effects of ormeloxifene were also observed in excised tumor tissues as shown by immunohistochemistry analysis. Our results, for the first time, demonstrate repurposing potential of ormeloxifene as an anticancer drug for the treatment of advanced stage metastatic prostate cancer through a novel molecular mechanism involving β-catenin and EMT pathway. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(10); 2267-80. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Bin Hafeez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Centre, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Aditya Ganju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Centre, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Mohammed Sikander
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Centre, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Vivek K Kashyap
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Centre, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Zubair Bin Hafeez
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Neeraj Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Centre, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Shabnam Malik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Centre, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Andrew E Massey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Centre, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Manish K Tripathi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Centre, Memphis, Tennessee
| | | | - Nadeem Zafar
- Department of Pathology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Man M Singh
- Saraswati Dental College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Murali M Yallapu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Centre, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Subhash C Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Centre, Memphis, Tennessee.
| | - Meena Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Centre, Memphis, Tennessee.
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Li M, Dai Y, Wang L, Li L. Astrocyte elevated gene-1 promotes the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:2385-2390. [PMID: 28454408 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG1) was identified to be overexpressed in breast cancer, and to be associated with the development of breast cancer. In the present study, AEG1 was identified as highly expressed in the MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 breast cancer cell lines and was detected in the MCF-10A normal breast epithelial cell line. The present study established an AEG1-knockdown MCF-7 cell line to investigate the expression status of certain cancer-associated proteins. Western blotting demonstrated that AEG1 may affect cancer cell proliferation and invasion via activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, a hypothesis that has been supported by cell function tests. The results of the present study demonstrated that when AEG1 was significantly overexpressed in breast cancer cells it promoted cell proliferation and invasion via activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Therefore, AEG1 may serve as a novel therapeutic target in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxi Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University, Handan, Hebei 056002, P.R. China
| | - Yuna Dai
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University, Handan, Hebei 056002, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University, Handan, Hebei 056002, P.R. China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University, Handan, Hebei 056002, P.R. China
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35
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Zeng R, Duan L, Kong YK, Wu XL, Wang Y, Xin G, Yang KH. Prognostic significance of beta-catenin expression in patients with esophageal carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 15:6103-8. [PMID: 25124581 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.15.6103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have reported β-catenin involvement in the development of esophageal carcinoma (EC), but its prognostic significance for EC patients remains controversial. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to explore the issue in detail. After searching PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, we included a total of ten relevant studies. We pooled the overall survival (OS) data using RevMan 5.2 software. The results showed that aberrant expression of β-catenin was associated with a significant increase of mortality risk (hazard ratio 1.71, 95%CI 1.46-2.01; p<0.00001). Subgroup analyses further suggested that aberrant expression of β-catenin resulted in poor OS of EC patients regardless of histological type of EC, study location or criteria for aberrant expression of β-catenin, and the sensitivity analyses revealed that the result was robust. The meta-analysis revealed that aberrant expression of β-catenin could be a predicative factor of poor prognosis for EC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zeng
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China E-mail :
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36
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Zhang S, Wang Z, Shan J, Yu X, Li L, Lei R, Lin D, Guan S, Wang X. Nuclear expression and/or reduced membranous expression of β-catenin correlate with poor prognosis in colorectal carcinoma: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e5546. [PMID: 27930552 PMCID: PMC5266024 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The differential subcellular localizations of β-catenin (including membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus) play different roles in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the correlation between each subcellular localization of β-catenin and the prognosis of CRC patients remains undetermined. METHODS Systematic strategies were applied to search for eligible published studies in the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases. The correlation between each subcellular localizations of β-catenin expression and patients' clinicopathological features or prognosis was analyzed. RESULTS Finally, this meta-analysis, including 6238 cases from 34 studies, revealed that β-catenin overexpression in the nucleus (HR: 1.50[95% CI: 1.08-2.10]) or reduced expression of β-catenin in the membrane (HR: 1.33[95% CI: 1.15-1.54]) significantly correlated with lower 5-year overall survival (OS). Conversely, overexpression of β-catenin in the cytoplasm (HR: 1.00[95% CI: 0.85-1.18]) did not show significant association with 5-year OS. CONCLUSION This study suggested that β-catenin overexpression in the nucleus or reduced expression in the membrane, but not its overexpression in cytoplasm, could serve as a valuable prognostic predictor for CRC. However, additional large and well-designed prospective studies are required to verify our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhen Zhang
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention & Intervention, National Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention & Intervention, National Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinlan Shan
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention & Intervention, National Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuyan Yu
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention & Intervention, National Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling Li
- Division of Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Leukemia Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Rui Lei
- Department of Plastic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou
| | - Daozhe Lin
- Department of surgical oncology, Third Affiliate Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou
| | - Siqi Guan
- Department of Reproductive, Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention & Intervention, National Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Blaj C, Bringmann A, Schmidt EM, Urbischek M, Lamprecht S, Fröhlich T, Arnold GJ, Krebs S, Blum H, Hermeking H, Jung A, Kirchner T, Horst D. ADNP Is a Therapeutically Inducible Repressor of WNT Signaling in Colorectal Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:2769-2780. [PMID: 27903678 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Constitutively active WNT signaling is a hallmark of colorectal cancers and a driver of malignant tumor progression. Therapeutic targeting of WNT signaling is difficult due to high pathway complexity and its role in tissue homeostasis. Here, we identify the transcription factor ADNP as a pharmacologically inducible repressor of WNT signaling in colon cancer.Experimental Design: We used transcriptomic, proteomic, and in situ analyses to identify ADNP expression in colorectal cancer and cell biology approaches to determine its function. We induced ADNP expression in colon cancer xenografts by low-dose ketamine in vivo Clinical associations were determined in a cohort of 221 human colorectal cancer cases.Results: ADNP was overexpressed in colon cancer cells with high WNT activity, where it acted as a WNT repressor. Silencing ADNP expression increased migration, invasion, and proliferation of colon cancer cells and accelerated tumor growth in xenografts in vivo Treatment with subnarcotic doses of ketamine induced ADNP expression, significantly inhibited tumor growth, and prolonged survival of tumor-bearing animals. In human patients with colon cancer, high ADNP expression was linked to good prognosis.Conclusions: Our findings indicate that ADNP is a tumor suppressor and promising prognostic marker, and that ketamine treatment with ADNP induction is a potential therapeutic approach that may add benefit to current treatment protocols for patients with colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 23(11); 2769-80. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Blaj
- Pathologisches Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
| | - Agnes Bringmann
- Pathologisches Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
| | - Eva Marina Schmidt
- Pathologisches Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
| | - Manuela Urbischek
- Pathologisches Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Fröhlich
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
| | - Georg J Arnold
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
| | - Stefan Krebs
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
| | - Helmut Blum
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
| | - Heiko Hermeking
- Pathologisches Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Jung
- Pathologisches Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kirchner
- Pathologisches Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Horst
- Pathologisches Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Lee KS, Kwak Y, Nam KH, Kim DW, Kang SB, Choe G, Kim WH, Lee HS. Favorable prognosis in colorectal cancer patients with co-expression of c-MYC and ß-catenin. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:730. [PMID: 27619912 PMCID: PMC5020485 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2770-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of our research was to determine the prognostic impact and clinicopathological feature of c-MYC and β-catenin overexpression in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Methods Using immunohistochemistry (IHC), we measured the c-MYC and β-catenin expression in 367 consecutive CRC patients retrospectively (cohort 1). Also, c-MYC expression was measured by mRNA in situ hybridization. Moreover, to analyze regional heterogeneity, three sites of CRC including the primary, distant and lymph node metastasis were evaluated in 176 advanced CRC patients (cohort 2). Results In cohort 1, c-MYC protein and mRNA overexpression and ß-catenin nuclear expression were found in 201 (54.8 %), 241 (65.7 %) and 221 (60.2 %) of 367 patients, respectively, each of which was associated with improved prognosis (P = 0.011, P = 0.012 and P = 0.033, respectively). Moreover, co-expression of c-MYC and ß-catenin was significantly correlated with longer survival by univariate (P = 0.012) and multivariate (P = 0.048) studies. Overexpression of c-MYC protein was associated with mRNA overexpression (ρ, 0.479; P < 0.001) and nuclear ß-catenin expression (ρ, 0.282; P < 0.001). Expression of c-MYC and ß-catenin was heterogeneous depending on location in advanced CRC patients (cohort 2). Nevertheless, both c-MYC and ß-catenin expression in primary cancer were significantly correlated with improved survival in univariate (P = 0.001) and multivariate (P = 0.002) analyses. c-MYC and ß-catenin expression of lymph node or distant metastatic tumor was not significantly correlated with patients’ prognosis (P > 0.05). Conclusions Co-expression of c-MYC and ß-catenin was independently correlated with favorable prognosis in CRC patient. We concluded that the expression of c-MYC and ß-catenin might be useful predicting indicator of CRC patient’s prognosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2770-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Sang Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 173-82 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjin Kwak
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 173-82 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro (Yongon-dong), Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Han Nam
- Department of Pathology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, 875, Haeun-daero, Haeundae-gu, Busan, 612-896, Republic of Korea
| | - Duck-Woo Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 173-82 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Bum Kang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 173-82 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Gheeyoung Choe
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 173-82 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro (Yongon-dong), Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Ho Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro (Yongon-dong), Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Seung Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 173-82 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Republic of Korea.
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Su T, Washington MK, Ness RM, Rex DK, Smalley WE, Ulbright TM, Cai Q, Zheng W, Shrubsole MJ. Comparison of biomarker expression between proximal and distal colorectal adenomas: The Tennessee-Indiana Adenoma Recurrence Study. Mol Carcinog 2016; 56:761-773. [PMID: 27479195 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It is unclear if proximal and distal traditional adenomas present with differences in molecular events which contribute to cancer heterogeneity by tumor anatomical subsite. Participants from a colonoscopy-based study (n = 380) were divided into subgroups based on the location of their most advanced adenoma: proximal, distal, or "equivalent both sides." Eight biomarkers in the most advanced adenomas were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (Ki-67, COX-2, TGFβRII, EGFR, β-catenin, cyclin D1, c-Myc) or TUNEL (apoptosis). After an adjustment for pathological features, there were no significant differences between proximal and distal adenomas for any biomarker. Conversely, expression levels did vary by other features, such as their size, villous component, and synchronousness. Large adenomas had higher expression levels of Ki-67(P < 0.001), TGFβRII (P < 0.0001), c-Myc (P < 0.001), and cyclin D1 (P < 0.001) in comparison to small adenomas, and tubulovillous/villous adenomas also were more likely to have similar higher expression levels in comparison to tubular adenomas. Adenoma location is not a major determinant of the expression of these biomarkers outside of other pathological features. This study suggests similarly important roles of Wnt/β-catenin and TGF-β pathways in carcinogenesis in both the proximal and distal colorectum. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Su
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,GRECC, Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - M Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Reid M Ness
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Douglas K Rex
- Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Walter E Smalley
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Thomas M Ulbright
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indiana Pathology Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,GRECC, Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,GRECC, Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Martha J Shrubsole
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,GRECC, Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
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40
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Ma C, Lu B, Sun E. Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of survivin expression in renal cancer patients: a meta-analysis. Postgrad Med J 2016; 93:186-192. [PMID: 27489375 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2016-134105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survivin has been reported to play a role in the diagnosis and prognosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC); however, published data on this subject are conflicting. AIM To conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the impact of survivin as a prognostic marker and its association with clinicopathological variables in patients with RCC. METHOD Comprehensive searches of electronic databases (PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge Embase, Google Scholar Web and the Cochrane Library) were updated to June 2016 to retrieve eligible studies. The association strength was measured with relative risks (RRs) and pooled HRs with 95% CIs, which were extracted and pooled to determine the association between survivin expression and patient survival and clinicopathological features. RESULTS Ten studies with 1063 cases of RCC were included. Positive survivin expression in RCC was associated with the TNM stage (pooled RR 1.49; 95% CI 1.07 to 2.07) or Fuhrman grade (pooled RR 1.63; 95% CI 1.15 to 2.32) in patients. The correlation between survivin expression and gender was not significant (pooled RR 0.97; 95% CI 0.83 to 1.15). In addition, a considerable association was found between survivin expression and overall survival for patients with RCC (pooled HR 1.94; 95% CI 1.24 to 3.05 (multivariate model) and 5.41; 95% CI 4.08 to 7.17 (univariate model)). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that survivin is of prognostic significance in patients with RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengquan Ma
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bingxin Lu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Nankai hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Erlin Sun
- Tianjin institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Fahmidehkar MA, Shafiee SM, Eftekhar E, Mahbudi L, Seghatoleslam A. Induction of cell proliferation, clonogenicity and cell accumulation in S phase as a consequence of human UBE2Q1 overexpression. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:2169-2174. [PMID: 27602158 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is an important cellular mechanism with a pivotal role in the degradation of abnormal or short-lived proteins and the regulation of cell cycle and cell growth. The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is altered in multiple types of human malignancies, including colorectal cancer (CRC). The alteration in the expression of the novel human gene ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 Q1 (UBE2Q1), as a putative member of the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family, has been reported in several malignancies, including carcinoma of the breast, hepatocellular and colorectal cancer, and pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In the present study, the effect of UBE2Q1 overexpression on cell growth, clonogenicity, motility and cell cycle was investigated in a CRC cell line. The UBE2Q1 gene was cloned in the pCMV6-AN-GFP expression vector. A series of stable transfectants of SW1116 cells overexpressing UBE2Q1 protein were established and confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and western blotting. Using these cells, MTT assay was performed to evaluate cell growth and proliferation, while crystal violet staining was used for clonogenicity assay. Cell cycle analysis was also performed to survey the ratio of cells accumulated in different phases of the cell cycle upon transfection. The motility of these cells was also studied using wound healing assay. UBE2Q1 transfectants exhibited a faster growth in cell culture, increased colony formation capacity and enhanced motility compared with control non-transfected cells and cells transfected with empty vector (mock-transfected cells). UBE2Q1 overexpression also resulted in a significant decrease in the number of cells accumulated in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. The present findings suggest that UBE2Q1 may function as an oncogene that induces proliferation of cancer cells, and could be a novel diagnostic tool and a potential therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Fahmidehkar
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-45794, Iran
| | - Sayed Mohammad Shafiee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-45794, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Eftekhar
- Food and Cosmetic Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas 79158-73665, Iran
| | - Laleh Mahbudi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-45794, Iran
| | - Atefeh Seghatoleslam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-45794, Iran; Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71439-14693, Iran
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Nietzer S, Baur F, Sieber S, Hansmann J, Schwarz T, Stoffer C, Häfner H, Gasser M, Waaga-Gasser AM, Walles H, Dandekar G. Mimicking Metastases Including Tumor Stroma: A New Technique to Generate a Three-Dimensional Colorectal Cancer Model Based on a Biological Decellularized Intestinal Scaffold. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2016; 22:621-35. [PMID: 27137941 PMCID: PMC4943469 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2015.0557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor models based on cancer cell lines cultured two-dimensionally (2D) on plastic lack histological complexity and functionality compared to the native microenvironment. Xenogenic mouse tumor models display higher complexity but often do not predict human drug responses accurately due to species-specific differences. We present here a three-dimensional (3D) in vitro colon cancer model based on a biological scaffold derived from decellularized porcine jejunum (small intestine submucosa+mucosa, SISmuc). Two different cell lines were used in monoculture or in coculture with primary fibroblasts. After 14 days of culture, we demonstrated a close contact of human Caco2 colon cancer cells with the preserved basement membrane on an ultrastructural level as well as morphological characteristics of a well-differentiated epithelium. To generate a tissue-engineered tumor model, we chose human SW480 colon cancer cells, a reportedly malignant cell line. Malignant characteristics were confirmed in 2D cell culture: SW480 cells showed higher vimentin and lower E-cadherin expression than Caco2 cells. In contrast to Caco2, SW480 cells displayed cancerous characteristics such as delocalized E-cadherin and nuclear location of β-catenin in a subset of cells. One central drawback of 2D cultures—especially in consideration of drug testing—is their artificially high proliferation. In our 3D tissue-engineered tumor model, both cell lines showed decreased numbers of proliferating cells, thus correlating more precisely with observations of primary colon cancer in all stages (UICC I-IV). Moreover, vimentin decreased in SW480 colon cancer cells, indicating a mesenchymal to epithelial transition process, attributed to metastasis formation. Only SW480 cells cocultured with fibroblasts induced the formation of tumor-like aggregates surrounded by fibroblasts, whereas in Caco2 cocultures, a separate Caco2 cell layer was formed separated from the fibroblast compartment beneath. To foster tissue generation, a bioreactor was constructed for dynamic culture approaches. This induced a close tissue-like association of cultured tumor cells with fibroblasts reflecting tumor biopsies. Therapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was effective only in 3D coculture. In conclusion, our 3D tumor model reflects human tissue-related tumor characteristics, including lower tumor cell proliferation. It is now available for drug testing in metastatic context—especially for substances targeting tumor–stroma interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Nietzer
- 1 Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), University Hospital of the Julius-Maximilians University , Würzburg, Germany
| | - Florentin Baur
- 1 Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), University Hospital of the Julius-Maximilians University , Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Sieber
- 1 Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), University Hospital of the Julius-Maximilians University , Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan Hansmann
- 1 Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), University Hospital of the Julius-Maximilians University , Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Schwarz
- 1 Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), University Hospital of the Julius-Maximilians University , Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carolin Stoffer
- 1 Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), University Hospital of the Julius-Maximilians University , Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heide Häfner
- 2 Translational Center Würzburg "Regenerative Therapies in Oncology and Musculoskeletal Disease, " Fraunhofer Institute Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB , Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Gasser
- 3 Department of Surgery I, Molecular Oncology and Immunology, University Hospital of the Julius-Maximilians University , Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ana Maria Waaga-Gasser
- 3 Department of Surgery I, Molecular Oncology and Immunology, University Hospital of the Julius-Maximilians University , Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heike Walles
- 1 Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), University Hospital of the Julius-Maximilians University , Würzburg, Germany .,2 Translational Center Würzburg "Regenerative Therapies in Oncology and Musculoskeletal Disease, " Fraunhofer Institute Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB , Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gudrun Dandekar
- 1 Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), University Hospital of the Julius-Maximilians University , Würzburg, Germany .,2 Translational Center Würzburg "Regenerative Therapies in Oncology and Musculoskeletal Disease, " Fraunhofer Institute Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB , Würzburg, Germany
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Lv JH, Wang F, Shen MH, Wang X, Zhou XJ. SATB1 expression is correlated with β-catenin associated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2016; 17:254-61. [PMID: 26810818 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2016.1139239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SATB1, a global gene regulator, has been implicated in the growth and metastasis of multiple cancers, including colorectal cancer. While the understanding about the role of SATB1 in CRC remains limited. The aim of our study is to investigate the expression of SATB1 in CRC, and the relationship between SATB1 expression pattern and clinicopathological variables. A further aim is to analyze the correlation between SATB1 expression and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in CRC. Immunohistochemical expression of SATB1, β-catenin, E-cadherin, CK20, Vimentin, SMA, and desmin were assessed in a cohort of 200 patients using tissue microarrays. SATB1 was expressed in 133 (66.5%) CRC primary lesions, 14 (28%) adjacent colorectal mucosa specimens, and 60 (75%) corresponding lymph node metastases. The expression level of SATB1 was significantly higher in lymph node metastases than in CRC primary lesions and normal mucosa (P = 0.000). High expression of SATB1 in CRC was strongly correlated with poor differentiation of tumor tissues (P = 0.000). High expression of SATB1 was significantly correlated with aberrant expression of β-catenin (P = 0.0005), low expression of E-cadherin (P = 0.000) and CK20 (P = 0.000) and with high expression of Vimentin (P = 0.001). No SMA or desmin protein was expressed in the CRC cells. Our results suggested that high expression of SATB1 is significantly correlated with poor differentiation of CRC. SATB1 might promote the epithelial-mesenchymal transition by increasing the aberrant expression of β-catenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-huan Lv
- a Department of Pathology , Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University , Nanjing , China.,b Department of Pathology , the Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University , Suzhou , China
| | - Feng Wang
- b Department of Pathology , the Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University , Suzhou , China
| | - Ming-hong Shen
- b Department of Pathology , the Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University , Suzhou , China
| | - Xuan Wang
- a Department of Pathology , Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University , Nanjing , China
| | - Xiao-jun Zhou
- a Department of Pathology , Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University , Nanjing , China
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De Smedt L, Palmans S, Sagaert X. Tumour budding in colorectal cancer: what do we know and what can we do? Virchows Arch 2015; 468:397-408. [PMID: 26613731 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-015-1886-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Budding is a process during which individual or small clusters of up to five tumour cells detach from the main tumour mass and invade into the surrounding stroma. In colorectal cancer, this feature is observed in 20-40% of cases and is associated with lymphovascular invasion, lymph node and distant metastases, and poor prognosis. A variety of scoring systems for budding have been proposed but so far a gold standard is lacking, hampering implementation of a budding score in guidelines for pathological examination of colorectal cancer. Furthermore, little is known about the mechanisms which cause tumour cells to detach from the main tumour mass and obtain increased invasive potential. In this review, we present an overview of tumour budding including its definition, scoring systems, prognostic relevance and biological mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linde De Smedt
- Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 12 blok q bus 3001, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Palmans
- Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 12 blok q bus 3001, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xavier Sagaert
- Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 12 blok q bus 3001, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
- Pathology Department, UZ Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Wu Q, Yang Y, Wu S, Li W, Zhang N, Dong X, Ou Y. Evaluation of the correlation of KAI1/CD82, CD44, MMP7 and β-catenin in the prediction of prognosis and metastasis in colorectal carcinoma. Diagn Pathol 2015; 10:176. [PMID: 26408312 PMCID: PMC4582888 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-015-0411-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the relationship of KAI1/CD82, CD44, matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7) and β-catenin, and examine its association with clinicopathological features, metastasis and prognosis in colorectal carcinoma (CRC). METHODS Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis was used to detect the expression of KAI1/CD82, CD44, MMP7 and β-catenin in 174 archival surgical specimens of human CRC. Furthermore, clinicopathological features such as age, sex and so on were also collected retrospectively. RESULTS CD44, MMP7 and β-catenin expression was positively associated with distant metastasis, lymph node metastasis and tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage. However, decreased KAI1/CD82 expression correlated significantly with distant metastasis, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage. KAI1/CD82 expression showed a negative correlation with CD44, MMP7 and β-catenin. Furthermore, β-catenin expression showed a positive correlation with CD44 and MMP7. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that KAI1/CD82 and β-catenin expression were significantly associated with lymph node metastasis and KAI1/CD82 was significantly associated with distant metastasis. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that CD44, MMP7 and β-catenin expression was negatively correlated with overall survival (OS), while KAI1/CD82 expression was positively correlated with OS. Low KAI1/CD82 expression and high expression of CD44, MMP7 and β-catenin was associated with a poor prognosis in CRC. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that the expression of KAI1/CD82, MMP7 and β-catenin were independent predictors of OS in CRC. CONCLUSION The expression of KAI1/CD82, CD44, MMP7 and β-catenin is related to tumor metastasis and prognosis in CRC. Combined detection of these factors may be of significant value in predicting the prognosis and metastasis in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233004, China.
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233004, China.
| | - Shiwu Wu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233004, China.
| | - Wanyun Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233004, China.
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233004, China.
| | - Xiuqin Dong
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233004, China.
| | - Yurong Ou
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233004, China.
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Clinical implications of epithelial cell plasticity in cancer progression. Cancer Lett 2015; 366:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Nazemalhosseini Mojarad E, Kashfi SMH, Mirtalebi H, Almasi S, Chaleshi V, Kishani Farahani R, Tarban P, Molaei M, Zali MR, J.K. Kuppen P. Prognostic Significance of Nuclear β-Catenin Expression in Patients with Colorectal Cancer from Iran. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2015; 17:e22324. [PMID: 26421170 PMCID: PMC4584109 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.22324v2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Beta catenin plays a key role in cancer tumorigenesis. However, its prognostic significance in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) remains controversial. It has been demonstrated that 90% of all tumors have a mutation in individual components of multiple oncogenes in Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Accumulation of nuclear β-catenin in cytoplasm leads to uncontrolled cell proliferation. Thus, nuclear β-catenin accumulation may be a valuable biomarker associated with invasion, metastasis and poor prognosis of CRC. Objectives: In this study the prognostic value of beta catenin expression in 165 Iranian CRC patients was evaluated. Patients and Methods: In this cross sectional retrospective study immunohistochemistry analyses of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor tissues were performed to characterize the expression of nuclear β-catenin in a series of 165 Iranian patients with colorectal carcinoma. Heat-induced antigen retrieval using the microwave method was applied for all staining procedures. Staining was scored independently by two observers, and a high level of concordance (90%) was achieved. Statistical analysis was done using the SPSS software for Windows, version 13.0.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). Two-tailed P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The patients consisted of 85 males and 80 females. Eighty-eight patients had primary tumor of the rectum and sigmoid, while 77 patients had primary tumor of the colon. The mean period of follow-up was 47.2 ± 10 months and the median period of follow-up was 38 months (range 6 - 58) for each patient. Of 165 tumors, 32 tumors (19.39 %) showed expression of β-catenin and 133 (80.6 %) were negative for β-catenin expression. Based on our findings the distribution of Microsatellite Instability (MSI) status differed between patients with nuclear β-catenin positive and negative tumors and this difference was significant (P = 0.001). Patients with nuclear β-catenin positive expression profile were found to be younger than patients with negative nuclear β-catenin expression (P = 0.010). Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that tumors with β-catenin expression had a poorer prognosis compared to tumors without β-catenin expression. Conclusions: According to our findings, the distribution of nuclear b-catenin expression is a poor prognostic marker in patients with colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Nazemalhosseini Mojarad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Disease Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Hossein Kashfi
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastroenterology Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Hanieh Mirtalebi
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastroenterology Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Shohre Almasi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Disease Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Vahid Chaleshi
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastroenterology Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Roya Kishani Farahani
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastroenterology Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Peyman Tarban
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastroenterology Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mahsa Molaei
- Gastroenterology and Liver Disease Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Mahsa Molaei, Gastroenterology and Liver Disease Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2122432525, Fax: +98-2122432514, E-mail:
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Disease Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Peter J.K. Kuppen
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Gehren AS, Rocha MR, de Souza WF, Morgado-Díaz JA. Alterations of the apical junctional complex and actin cytoskeleton and their role in colorectal cancer progression. Tissue Barriers 2015; 3:e1017688. [PMID: 26451338 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2015.1017688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer represents the fourth highest mortality rate among cancer types worldwide. An understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate their progression can prevents or reduces mortality due to this disease. Epithelial cells present an apical junctional complex connected to the actin cytoskeleton, which maintains the dynamic properties of this complex, tissue architecture and cell homeostasis. Several studies have indicated that apical junctional complex alterations and actin cytoskeleton disorganization play a critical role in epithelial cancer progression. However, few studies have examined the existence of an interrelation between these 2 components, particularly in colorectal cancer. This review discusses the recent progress toward elucidating the role of alterations of apical junctional complex constituents and of modifications of actin cytoskeleton organization and discusses how these events are interlinked to modulate cellular responses related to colorectal cancer progression toward successful metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Sartorio Gehren
- Program of Cellular Biology; Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA) ; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Murilo Ramos Rocha
- Program of Cellular Biology; Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA) ; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - José Andrés Morgado-Díaz
- Program of Cellular Biology; Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA) ; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Expression and mutation pattern of β-catenin and adenomatous polyposis coli in colorectal cancer patients. Arch Med Res 2015; 46:54-62. [PMID: 25660336 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS β-Catenin and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) are major components of the Wnt pathway. This study aimed to investigate the expression of β-catenin and APC in tumors and lymph nodes in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and the mutational spectrum of the genes coding these proteins. METHODS Expression of APC and β-catenin was examined in 124 tumors and 41 lymph nodes. Exon 3 of CTNNB1 and the mutation cluster region (MCR) in exon 15 of the APC gene were screened for mutation by PCR-sequencing. RESULTS Nuclear/cytoplasmic immunostaining of β-catenin was detected in 58.1 and 48.8% in tumors and lymph nodes, respectively. In tumors, abnormal expression of β-catenin correlated with tumor size and with those in lymph nodes. Membranous β-catenin expression occurred in 41.9 and 14.6% of tumors and lymph nodes, respectively. In tumors, lack of membranous β-catenin correlated with high invasiveness and metastatic potential. Positive immunostaining for APC was observed in 2 and 14% of tumors and lymph nodes, respectively. Overexpression in nucleus/cytoplasm and lack of membranous β-catenin significantly correlated with a reduced overall survival. Among 25 tumors, four harbour mutation in Ser33 and Ser47 and overexpress the β-catenin in the nucleus/cytoplasm. Mutations were identified in the APC gene in 13 tumors and six mutations were novel. CONCLUSIONS Positive association between aberrant expression of β-catenin in the nucleus/cytoplasm of tumors and lymph nodes was observed. Nucleus/cytoplasmic accumulation of β-catenin and loss of membranous expression are related to reduced survival and could serve as a candidate prognostic predictor.
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Youssef NS, Osman WM. Relationship between osteopontin and β-catenin immunohistochemical expression and prognostic parameters of colorectal carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:1503-1514. [PMID: 25973035 PMCID: PMC4396305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies on the prognostic value of osteopontin (OPN) and β-catenin in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) revealed conflicting results. To date, only two immunohistochemical studies investigated their association in CRC with discrepant results. Moreover, the relevance of their co-expression to clinicopathological parameters was not previously reported. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between these markers and prognostic parameters in CRC and study further the relationship between them. Immunohistochemical expression of OPN and β-catenin was evaluated in 72 CRCs. Cytoplasmic OPN was detected in 45.83% of CRCs while normal mucosa was immunonegative. Strong continuous membranous β-catenin was present in normal mucosa. However, abnormal membranous, nuclear and cytoplasmic expressions were observed in 36.11%, 31.94% and 52.78% of CRCs, respectively. A highly significant relationship was detected between each of OPN and nuclear β-catenin expression and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.0001 and 0.004 respectively), depth of invasion (P = 0.001 and 0.004 respectively), TNM stages (P = 0.0001 and 0.001 respectively) and Dukes' stages (P = 0.0001 and 0.004 respectively). A significant association was found between OPN and distant metastases. A strong agreement was observed between OPN and nuclear β-catenin (kappa = 0.656). A highly significant relationship was found between their co-expression and poor prognostic parameters. OPN overexpression and nuclear β-catenin expression appeared to be associated with unfavorable prognostic factors in CRC. A direct relationship was observed between them. Further understanding their role in colorectal carcinogenesis as well as targeting the interaction between them might be effective in the future development of therapeutic agents for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermeen S Youssef
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wesam M Osman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University Cairo, Egypt
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