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Bronchain O, Philippe-Caraty L, Anquetil V, Ciapa B. Precise regulation of presenilin expression is required for sea urchin early development. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs258382. [PMID: 34313316 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Presenilins (PSENs) are widely expressed across eukaryotes. Two PSENs are expressed in humans, where they play a crucial role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Each PSEN can be part of the γ-secretase complex, which has multiple substrates, including Notch and amyloid-β precursor protein (AβPP) - the source of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides that compose the senile plaques during AD. PSENs also interact with various proteins independently of their γ-secretase activity. They can then be involved in numerous cellular functions, which makes their role in a given cell and/or organism complex to decipher. We have established the Paracentrotus lividus sea urchin embryo as a new model to study the role of PSEN. In the sea urchin embryo, the PSEN gene is present in unduplicated form and encodes a protein highly similar to human PSENs. Our results suggest that PSEN expression must be precisely tuned to control the course of the first mitotic cycles and the associated intracellular Ca2+ transients, the execution of gastrulation and, probably in association with ciliated cells, the establishment of the pluteus. We suggest that it would be relevant to study the role of PSEN within the gene regulatory network deciphered in the sea urchin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odile Bronchain
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Laetitia Philippe-Caraty
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Vincent Anquetil
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau (ICM), F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Ciapa
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
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2
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Jia YY, Chi ML, Jiang WP, Liu SL, Cheng S, Zheng JB, Gu ZM. Identification of reproduction-related genes and pathways in the Culter alburnus H-P-G axis and characterization of their expression differences in malformed and normal gynogenetic ovaries. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2021; 47:1-20. [PMID: 33156507 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00859-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study applied RNA-seq technology to discover reproduction-related genes and pathways in female topmouth culter brain (including pituitary) and ovarian tissues. In functional analysis, 2479 and 2605 unigenes in the brain and ovary tissue were assigned to the "reproductive process" subcategory in addition to the 2660 and 2845 unigenes assigned to the "reproduction" subcategory. Twenty-three complete cDNA sequences were identified through the different gene expression (DGE) approach from five reproduction-related pathways (MAPK signaling pathway, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway, gonadotropin-releasing hormone signaling pathway, oocyte meiosis pathway, and steroid biosynthesis pathway). The expression levels of 16 candidate genes using qPCR in this study were in accordance with the results of transcriptome analysis. In addition, the expression levels of the FSH, 3β-HSD, PGR, and NPYR genes in malformed gynogenetic ovaries were considerably low, which was consistent with the progress of oocytogenesis in the ovaries of topmouth culter. The high expression of these four genes in the ovaries of normal topmouth culter suggested they might involve in the preparation for the shift of oogenesis to ovulation. Hence, our work identified a set of annotated gene products that are candidate factors affecting reproduction in the topmouth culter H-P-G axis. These results could be essential for further research in functional genomics and genetic editing for topmouth culter reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Y Jia
- Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture Genetic and Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mei L Chi
- Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture Genetic and Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen P Jiang
- Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture Genetic and Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shi L Liu
- Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture Genetic and Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shun Cheng
- Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture Genetic and Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian B Zheng
- Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture Genetic and Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi M Gu
- Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture Genetic and Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Limatola N, Chun JT, Santella L. Effects of Salinity and pH of Seawater on the Reproduction of the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2020; 239:13-23. [PMID: 32812816 DOI: 10.1086/710126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
AbstractFertilization and early development are usually the most vulnerable stages in the life of marine animals, and the biological processes during this period are highly sensitive to the environment. In nature, sea urchin gametes are shed in seawater, where they undergo external fertilization and embryonic development. In a laboratory, it is possible to follow the exact morphological and biochemical changes taking place in the fertilized eggs and the developing embryos. Thus, observation of successful fertilization and the subsequent embryonic development of sea urchin eggs can be used as a convenient biosensor to assess the quality of the marine environment. In this paper, we have examined how salinity and pH changes affect the normal fertilization process and the following development of Paracentrotus lividus. The results of our studies using confocal microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and time-lapse Ca2+ image recording indicated that both dilution and acidification of seawater have subtle but detrimental effects on many aspects of the fertilization process. They include Ca2+ signaling and coordinated actin cytoskeletal changes, leading to a significantly reduced rate of successful fertilization and, eventually, to abnormal or delayed embryonic development.
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Plazaola-Sasieta H, Zhu Q, Gaitán-Peñas H, Rios M, Estévez R, Morey M. Drosophila ClC-a is required in glia of the stem cell niche for proper neurogenesis and wiring of neural circuits. Glia 2019; 67:2374-2398. [PMID: 31479171 PMCID: PMC6851788 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Glial cells form part of the neural stem cell niche and express a wide variety of ion channels; however, the contribution of these channels to nervous system development is poorly understood. We explored the function of the Drosophila ClC‐a chloride channel, since its mammalian ortholog CLCN2 is expressed in glial cells, and defective channel function results in leukodystrophies, which in humans are accompanied by cognitive impairment. We found that ClC‐a was expressed in the niche in cortex glia, which are closely associated with neurogenic tissues. Characterization of loss‐of‐function ClC‐a mutants revealed that these animals had smaller brains and widespread wiring defects. We showed that ClC‐a is required in cortex glia for neurogenesis in neuroepithelia and neuroblasts, and identified defects in a neuroblast lineage that generates guidepost glial cells essential for photoreceptor axon guidance. We propose that glia‐mediated ionic homeostasis could nonautonomously affect neurogenesis, and consequently, the correct assembly of neural circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haritz Plazaola-Sasieta
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Qi Zhu
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Héctor Gaitán-Peñas
- Departament de Ciencies Fisiològiques, Genes, Disease and Therapy Program IDIBELL-Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martín Rios
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raúl Estévez
- Departament de Ciencies Fisiològiques, Genes, Disease and Therapy Program IDIBELL-Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Morey
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Programa de Biologia Integrativa, Barcelona, Spain
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Foo SA, Byrne M. Marine gametes in a changing ocean: Impacts of climate change stressors on fecundity and the egg. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 128:12-24. [PMID: 28237403 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In marine invertebrates, the environmental history of the mother can influence fecundity and egg size. Acclimation of females in climate change stressors, increased temperature and low pH, results in a decrease in egg number and size in many taxa, with the exception of cephalopods, where eggs increase in size. With respect to spawned eggs, near future levels of ocean acidification can interfere with the egg's block to polyspermy and intracellular pH. Reduction of the extracellular egg jelly coat seen in low pH conditions has implications for impaired egg function and fertilization. Some fast generation species (e.g. copepods, polychaetes) have shown restoration of female reproductive output after several generations in treatments. It will be important to determine if the changes to egg number and size induced by exposure to climate change stressors are heritable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawna A Foo
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Maria Byrne
- Schools of Medical and Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Life under Climate Change Scenarios: Sea Urchins’ Cellular Mechanisms for Reproductive Success. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse4010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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7
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Morphological and microstructural changes of the oral apparatus in two Anuran tadpoles, in regard to pH. Micron 2016; 82:41-51. [PMID: 26774744 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Light Microscopy (LM) of the oral apparatus of Polypedates teraiensis and Hylarana leptoglossa tadpoles revealed a number of morphological and microstructural alterations in the labial tooth rows, jaw sheaths and marginal papillae on exposure to acidic and alkaline pH. These morphological and microstructural alterations observed in the oral apparatus of the tadpole are discussed in the light of available literature. The significance of the study with reference to adverse effects of acidic as well as alkaline pH on oral apparatus of the tadpole is also discussed.
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Santa Rosa P, Parker H, Kiess A, McDaniel C. Parthenogenetic embryos from unfertilized Chinese painted quail eggs alter albumen pH, gases, and ion concentrations during incubation. Theriogenology 2016; 85:275-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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da Veiga Moreira J, Peres S, Steyaert JM, Bigan E, Paulevé L, Nogueira ML, Schwartz L. Cell cycle progression is regulated by intertwined redox oscillators. Theor Biol Med Model 2015; 12:10. [PMID: 26022743 PMCID: PMC4459109 DOI: 10.1186/s12976-015-0005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The different phases of the eukaryotic cell cycle are exceptionally well-preserved phenomena. DNA decompaction, RNA and protein synthesis (in late G1 phase) followed by DNA replication (in S phase) and lipid synthesis (in G2 phase) occur after resting cells (in G0) are committed to proliferate. The G1 phase of the cell cycle is characterized by an increase in the glycolytic metabolism, sustained by high NAD+/NADH ratio. A transient cytosolic acidification occurs, probably due to lactic acid synthesis or ATP hydrolysis, followed by cytosolic alkalinization. A hyperpolarized transmembrane potential is also observed, as result of sodium/potassium pump (NaK-ATPase) activity. During progression of the cell cycle, the Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP) is activated by increased NADP+/NADPH ratio, converting glucose 6-phosphate to nucleotide precursors. Then, nucleic acid synthesis and DNA replication occur in S phase. Along with S phase, unpublished results show a cytosolic acidification, probably the result of glutaminolysis occurring during this phase. In G2 phase there is a decrease in NADPH concentration (used for membrane lipid synthesis) and a cytoplasmic alkalinization occurs. Mitochondria hyperfusion matches the cytosolic acidification at late G1/S transition and then triggers ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation. We hypothesize here that the cytosolic pH may coordinate mitochondrial activity and thus the different redox cycles, which in turn control the cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabine Peres
- LRI, Paris-Sud University, CNRS UMR8623 and INRIA Saclay, Paris, France.
| | | | - Erwan Bigan
- Ecole Polytechnique, LIX-UMR 7161, Palaiseau, France.
| | - Loïc Paulevé
- Ecole Polytechnique, LIX-UMR 7161, Palaiseau, France. .,LRI, Paris-Sud University, CNRS UMR8623 and INRIA Saclay, Paris, France.
| | - Marcel Levy Nogueira
- Ecole Polytechnique, LIX-UMR 7161, Palaiseau, France. .,Paris Institute of Translationnal Neurosciences (IHU-A-ICM), Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France.
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Lu Z, Gui H, Yao L, Yan L, Martens H, Aschenbach JR, Shen Z. Short-chain fatty acids and acidic pH upregulate UT-B, GPR41, and GPR4 in rumen epithelial cells of goats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 308:R283-93. [PMID: 25519731 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00323.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the mechanism(s) responsible for the regulation of urea transporter B (UT-B) expression levels in the epithelium of the rumen remain unclear. We hypothesized that rumen fermentation products affect ruminal UT-B expression. Therefore, the effects of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), pH, ammonia, and urea on mRNA and protein levels of UT-B were assayed in primary rumen epithelial cell cultures and in rumen epithelium obtained from intact goats. In vitro, SCFA and acidic pH were found to synergetically stimulate both mRNA and protein expression of UT-B, whereas NH4Cl decreased mRNA and protein levels of UT-B at pH 6.8. Treatment with urea increased both levels at pH 7.4. When goats received a diet rich in nitrogen (N) and nonfiber carbohydrates (NFC), their rumen epithelium had higher levels of UT-B, and the rumen contained higher concentrations of SCFA and NH3-N with a lower pH. An increase in plasma urea-N concentration was also observed compared with the plasma of the goats that received a diet low in N and NFC. In a second feeding trial, goats that received a NFC-rich, but isonitrogenous, diet had higher mRNA and protein levels of UT-B, and higher levels of G protein-coupled receptor (GPR) 41 and GPR4, in their rumen epithelium. The ruminal concentrations of SCFA and NH3-N also increased, while a lower pH was detected. In contrast, the serum urea-N concentrations remained unchanged. These data indicate that ruminal SCFA and pH are key factors, via GPR4 and GPR41, in the dietary regulation of UT-B expression, and they have priority over changes in plasma urea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyan Lu
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Hongbing Gui
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Yao
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Yan
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Holger Martens
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Jörg R Aschenbach
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Zanming Shen
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Philippe L, Tosca L, Zhang WL, Piquemal M, Ciapa B. Different routes lead to apoptosis in unfertilized sea urchin eggs. Apoptosis 2013; 19:436-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0950-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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