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Palmisano A, Chiarantoni G, Bossi F, Conti A, D'Elia V, Tagliente S, Nitsche MA, Rivolta D. Face pareidolia is enhanced by 40 Hz transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) of the face perception network. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2035. [PMID: 36739325 PMCID: PMC9899232 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29124-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pareidolia refers to the perception of ambiguous sensory patterns as carrying a specific meaning. In its most common form, pareidolia involves human-like facial features, where random objects or patterns are illusionary recognized as faces. The current study investigated the neurophysiological correlates of face pareidolia via transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS). tACS was delivered at gamma (40 Hz) frequency over critical nodes of the "face perception" network (i.e., right lateral occipito-temporal and left prefrontal cortex) of 75 healthy participants while completing four face perception tasks ('Mooney test' for faces, 'Toast test', 'Noise pareidolia test', 'Pareidolia task') and an object perception task ('Mooney test' for objects). In this single-blind, sham-controlled between-subjects study, participants received 35 min of either Sham, Online, (40Hz-tACS_ON), or Offline (40Hz-tACS_PRE) stimulation. Results showed that face pareidolia was causally enhanced by 40Hz-tACS_PRE in the Mooney test for faces in which, as compared to sham, participants more often misperceived scrambled stimuli as faces. In addition, as compared to sham, participants receiving 40Hz-tACS_PRE showed similar reaction times (RTs) when perceiving illusory faces and correctly recognizing noise stimuli in the Toast test, thus not exhibiting hesitancy in identifying faces where there were none. Also, 40Hz-tACS_ON induced slower rejections of face pareidolia responses in the Noise pareidolia test. The current study indicates that 40 Hz tACS can enhance pareidolic illusions in healthy individuals and, thus, that high frequency (i.e., gamma band) oscillations are critical in forming coherent and meaningful visual perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Palmisano
- Department of Education, Psychology, and Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
| | - Giulio Chiarantoni
- Department of Education, Psychology, and Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Alessio Conti
- Department of Education, Psychology, and Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Vitiana D'Elia
- Department of Education, Psychology, and Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Serena Tagliente
- Department of Education, Psychology, and Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Michael A Nitsche
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Center for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| | - Davide Rivolta
- Department of Education, Psychology, and Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.,School of Psychology, University of East London (UEL), London, UK
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2
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Ehret G, Romand R. Awareness and consciousness in humans and animals – neural and behavioral correlates in an evolutionary perspective. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 16:941534. [PMID: 35910003 PMCID: PMC9331465 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.941534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Awareness or consciousness in the context of stimulus perception can directly be assessed in well controlled test situations with humans via the persons’ reports about their subjective experiences with the stimuli. Since we have no direct access to subjective experiences in animals, their possible awareness or consciousness in stimulus perception tasks has often been inferred from behavior and cognitive abilities previously observed in aware and conscious humans. Here, we analyze published human data primarily on event-related potentials and brain-wave generation during perception and responding to sensory stimuli and extract neural markers (mainly latencies of evoked-potential peaks and of gamma-wave occurrence) indicating that a person became aware or conscious of the perceived stimulus. These neural correlates of consciousness were then applied to sets of corresponding data from various animals including several species of mammals, and one species each of birds, fish, cephalopods, and insects. We found that the neural markers from studies in humans could also successfully be applied to the mammal and bird data suggesting that species in these animal groups can become subjectively aware of and conscious about perceived stimuli. Fish, cephalopod and insect data remained inconclusive. In an evolutionary perspective we have to consider that both awareness of and consciousness about perceived stimuli appear as evolved, attention-dependent options added to the ongoing neural activities of stimulus processing and action generation. Since gamma-wave generation for functional coupling of brain areas in aware/conscious states is energetically highly cost-intensive, it remains to be shown which animal species under which conditions of lifestyle and ecological niche may achieve significant advantages in reproductive fitness by drawing upon these options. Hence, we started our discussion about awareness and consciousness in animals with the question in how far these expressions of brain activity are necessary attributes for perceiving stimuli and responding in an adaptive way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Ehret
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- *Correspondence: Günter Ehret,
| | - Raymond Romand
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), University of Strasbourg and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Strasbourg, France
- Raymond Romand,
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3
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Tran Y, Austin P, Lo C, Craig A, Middleton JW, Wrigley PJ, Siddall P. An Exploratory EEG Analysis on the Effects of Virtual Reality in People with Neuropathic Pain Following Spinal Cord Injury. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22072629. [PMID: 35408245 PMCID: PMC9002545 DOI: 10.3390/s22072629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain in people with spinal cord injury is thought to be due to altered central neuronal activity. A novel therapeutic intervention using virtual reality (VR) head-mounted devices was investigated in this study for pain relief. Given the potential links to neuronal activity, the aim of the current study was to determine whether use of VR was associated with corresponding changes in electroencephalography (EEG) patterns linked to the presence of neuropathic pain. Using a within-subject, randomised cross-over pilot trial, we compared EEG activity for three conditions: no task eyes open state, 2D screen task and 3D VR task. We found an increase in delta activity in frontal regions for 3D VR with a decrease in theta activity. There was also a consistent decrease in relative alpha band (8–12 Hz) and an increase in low gamma (30–45 Hz) power during 2D screen and 3D VR corresponding, with reduced self-reported pain. Using the nonlinear and non-oscillatory method of extracting fractal dimensions, we found increases in brain complexity during 2D screen and 3D VR. We successfully classified the 3D VR condition from 2D screen and eyes opened no task conditions with an overall accuracy of 80.3%. The findings in this study have implications for using VR applications as a therapeutic intervention for neuropathic pain in people with spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Tran
- Department of Linguistics, Macquarie University Hearing, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Philip Austin
- Department of Pain Management, HammondCare, Greenwich Hospital Greenwich, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; (P.A.); (P.S.)
| | - Charles Lo
- Management Disciplinary Group, Wentworth Institute of Higher Education, Surrey Hills, NSW 2010, Australia;
| | - Ashley Craig
- Sydney Medical School-Northern, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (A.C.); (J.W.M.); (P.J.W.)
- John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - James W. Middleton
- Sydney Medical School-Northern, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (A.C.); (J.W.M.); (P.J.W.)
- John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Paul J. Wrigley
- Sydney Medical School-Northern, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (A.C.); (J.W.M.); (P.J.W.)
- Pain Management Research Institute, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Philip Siddall
- Department of Pain Management, HammondCare, Greenwich Hospital Greenwich, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; (P.A.); (P.S.)
- Sydney Medical School-Northern, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (A.C.); (J.W.M.); (P.J.W.)
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4
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The Neurophysiological Impact of Subacute Stroke: Changes in Cortical Oscillations Evoked by Bimanual Finger Movement. Stroke Res Treat 2022; 2022:9772147. [PMID: 35154632 PMCID: PMC8831071 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9772147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. To design more effective interventions, such as neurostimulation, for stroke rehabilitation, there is a need to understand early physiological changes that take place that may be relevant for clinical monitoring. We aimed to study changes in neurophysiology following recent ischemic stroke, both at rest and with motor planning and execution. Materials and Methods. We included 10 poststroke patients, between 7 and 10 days after stroke, and 20 age-matched controls to assess changes in cortical motor output via transcranial magnetic stimulation and in dynamics of oscillations, as recorded using electroencephalography (EEG). Results. We found significant differences in cortical oscillatory patterns comparing stroke patients with healthy participants, particularly in the beta rhythm during motor planning (
) and execution (
) of a complex movement with fingers from both hands simultaneously. Discussion. The stroke lesion induced a decrease in event-related desynchronization in patients, in comparison to controls, providing evidence for decreased disinhibition. Conclusions. After a stroke lesion, the dynamics of cortical oscillations is changed, with an increasing neural beta synchronization in the course of motor preparation and performance of complex bimanual finger tasks. The observed patterns may provide a potential functional measure that could be used to monitor and design interventional approaches in subacute stages.
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Dionísio A, Gouveia R, Castelhano J, Duarte IC, Santo GC, Sargento-Freitas J, Duecker F, Castelo-Branco M. The Role of Continuous Theta Burst TMS in the Neurorehabilitation of Subacute Stroke Patients: A Placebo-Controlled Study. Front Neurol 2021; 12:749798. [PMID: 34803887 PMCID: PMC8599133 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.749798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Transcranial magnetic stimulation, in particular continuous theta burst (cTBS), has been proposed for stroke rehabilitation, based on the concept that inhibition of the healthy hemisphere helps promote the recovery of the lesioned one. We aimed to study its effects on cortical excitability, oscillatory patterns, and motor function, the main aim being to identify potentially beneficial neurophysiological effects. Materials and Methods: We applied randomized real or placebo stimulation over the unaffected primary motor cortex of 10 subacute (7 ± 3 days) post-stroke patients. Neurophysiological measurements were performed using electroencephalography and electromyography. Motor function was assessed with the Wolf Motor Function Test. We performed a repeated measure study with the recordings taken pre-, post-cTBS, and at 3 months' follow-up. Results: We investigated changes in motor rhythms during arm elevation and thumb opposition tasks and found significant changes in beta power of the affected thumb's opposition, specifically after real cTBS. Our results are consistent with an excitatory response (increase in event-related desynchronization) in the sensorimotor cortical areas of the affected hemisphere, after stimulation. Neither peak-to-peak amplitude of motor-evoked potentials nor motor performance were significantly altered. Conclusions: Consistently with the theoretical prediction, this contralateral inhibitory stimulation paradigm changes neurophysiology, leading to a significant excitatory impact on the cortical oscillatory patterns of the contralateral hemisphere. These proof-of-concept results provide evidence for the potential role of continuous TBS in the neurorehabilitation of post-stroke patients. We suggest that these changes in ERS/ERD patterns should be further explored in future phase IIb/phase III clinical trials, in larger samples of poststroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Dionísio
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health ICNAS, Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research CIBIT, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Sciences and Technology FCTUC, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine FMUC, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rita Gouveia
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health ICNAS, Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research CIBIT, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Castelhano
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health ICNAS, Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research CIBIT, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine FMUC, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Catarina Duarte
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health ICNAS, Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research CIBIT, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine FMUC, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gustavo C Santo
- Stroke Unit, Neurology Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Sargento-Freitas
- Stroke Unit, Neurology Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Felix Duecker
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health ICNAS, Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research CIBIT, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Maastricht Brain Imaging Center, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health ICNAS, Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research CIBIT, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine FMUC, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Maastricht Brain Imaging Center, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Brain Imaging Network, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Pereira HC, Sousa D, Simões M, Martins R, Amaral C, Lopes V, Crisóstomo J, Castelo-Branco M. Effects of anodal multichannel transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on social-cognitive performance in healthy subjects: A randomized sham-controlled crossover pilot study. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 264:259-286. [PMID: 34167659 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that temporoparietal junction (TPJ) modulation can influence attention and social cognition performance. Nevertheless, no studies have used multichannel transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over bilateral TPJ to estimate the effects on these neuropsychological functions. The project STIPED is using optimized multichannel stimulation as an innovative treatment approach for chronic pediatric neurodevelopmental disorders, namely in children/adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). In this pilot study, we aim to explore whether anodal multichannel tDCS coupled with a Joint Attention Task (JAT) influences social-cognitive task performance relative to sham stimulation, both in an Emotion Recognition Task (ERT) and in a Mooney Faces Detection Task (MFDT), as well as to evaluate this technique's safety and tolerability. Twenty healthy adults were enrolled in a randomized, single-blinded, sham-controlled, crossover study. During two sessions, participants completed the ERT and the MFDT before and after 20min of sham or anodal tDCS over bilateral TPJ. No significant differences on performance accuracy and reaction time were found between stimulation conditions for all tasks, including the JAT. A significant main time effect for overall accuracy and reaction time was found for the MFDT. Itching was the most common side effect and stimulation conditions detection was at chance level. Results suggest that multichannel tDCS over bilateral TPJ does not affect performance of low-level emotional recognition tasks in healthy adults. Although preliminary safety and tolerability are demonstrated, further studies over longer periods will be pursued to investigate the clinical efficacy in children/adolescents with ASD, where social cognition impairments are preponderant.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Catarina Pereira
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela Sousa
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marco Simões
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Informatics and Systems, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Martins
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos Amaral
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vânia Lopes
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Crisóstomo
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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7
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Mattavelli G, Costanzo F, Menghini D, Vicari S, Papagno C. Local vs global processing in Williams syndrome. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2021; 112:103917. [PMID: 33657518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2021.103917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has long been debated whether in Williams syndrome (WS) there is a preferential processing of local with respect to global forms, in contrast to the typical 'global advantage' in healthy individuals, which in WS seems to exist only for faces. AIMS We aimed at verifying it and to assess the role of stimulus familiarity by comparing performances with faces to those with other objects using the same type of task. METHODS AND PROCEDURE A group of children and adolescents with WS and controls with typical development performed a modified version of three tasks: Mooney (with faces and/or guitars), Jane (with faces and houses) and Navon task. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS Individuals with WS were able to process at a global level not only faces but also objects, although they were impaired when they had to compare or discriminate between two stimuli. All groups showed an advantage for global processing, with familiarity improving it. However, WS participants did not benefit from familiarity as much as typically developing young individuals. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Peculiar abilities for face stimuli in WS did not emerge nor did a clear facilitation related to object familiarity. These results are useful for planning effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Floriana Costanzo
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Deny Menghini
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Vicari
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Costanza Papagno
- CIMeC (Centre for Mind/Brain Sciences), University of Trento, Italy; Dipartimento di Psicologia, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy.
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8
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Dionísio A, Gouveia R, Duarte IC, Castelhano J, Duecker F, Castelo-Branco M. Continuous theta burst stimulation increases contralateral mu and beta rhythms with arm elevation: implications for neurorehabilitation. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 127:17-25. [PMID: 31844983 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02117-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The study of the physiological effects underlying brain response to transcranial magnetic stimulation is important to understand its impact on neurorehabilitation. We aim to analyze the impact of a transcranial magnetic stimulation protocol, the continuous theta burst (cTBS), on human neurophysiology, particularly on contralateral motor rhythms. cTBS was applied in 20 subjects over the primary motor cortex. We recorded brain electrical activity pre- and post-cTBS with electroencephalography both at rest and while performing motor tasks, to evaluate changes in brain oscillatory patterns such as mu and beta rhythms. Moreover, we measured motor-evoked potentials before and after cTBS to assess its impact on brain's excitability. On the hemisphere contralateral to the protocol, we did observe a significant increase in mu (p = 0.027) and beta (p = 0.006) rhythms from pre- to post-cTBS, at the beginning of arm elevation. The topology of action planning and motor execution suggests that cTBS produced an inhibitory effect that propagated to the contralateral hemisphere, thereby precluding the expected/desired excitation for therapy purposes. This novel approach provides support for the notion that this protocol induces inhibitory changes in contralateral motor rhythms, by decreasing desynchronization, contradicting the ipsilateral inhibition vs. contralateral disinhibition hypothesis. Our results have implications for personalized cTBS usage as a rehabilitation intervention, suggesting that an unexpected propagation of inhibition can occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Dionísio
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rita Gouveia
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Catarina Duarte
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Castelhano
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Felix Duecker
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Maastricht Brain Imaging Center, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Brain Imaging Network, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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9
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Villena-González M, Palacios-García I, Rodríguez E, López V. Beta Oscillations Distinguish Between Two Forms of Mental Imagery While Gamma and Theta Activity Reflects Auditory Attention. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:389. [PMID: 30337865 PMCID: PMC6178143 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual sensory processing of external events decreases when attention is internally oriented toward self-generated thoughts and also differences in attenuation have been shown depending on the thought’s modality (visual or auditory thought). The present study aims to assess whether such modulations occurs also in auditory modality. In order to investigate auditory sensory modulations, we compared a passive listening condition with two conditions in which attention was internally oriented as a part of a task; a visual imagery condition and an inner speech condition. EEG signal was recorded from 20 participants while they were exposed to auditory probes during these three conditions. ERP results showed no differences in N1 auditory response comparing the three conditions reflecting maintenance of evoked electrophysiological reactivity for auditory modality. Nonetheless, time-frequency analyses showed that gamma and theta power in frontal regions was higher for passive listening than for internal attentional conditions. Specifically, the reduced amplitude in early gamma and theta band during both inward attention conditions may reflect reduced conscious attention of the current auditory stimulation. Finally, different pattern of beta band activity was observed only during visual imagery which can reflect cross-modal integration between visual and auditory modalities and it can distinguish this form of mental imagery from the inner speech. Taken together, these results showed that attentional suppression mechanisms in auditory modality are different from visual modality during mental imagery processes. Our results about oscillatory activity also confirm the important role of gamma oscillations in auditory processing and the differential neural dynamics underlying the visual and auditory/verbal imagery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Villena-González
- Laboratorio de Psicología Experimental, Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratorio de Neurociencia Cognitiva y Social, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ismael Palacios-García
- Laboratorio de Neurodinámica, Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eugenio Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Neurodinámica, Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vladimir López
- Laboratorio de Psicología Experimental, Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratorio de Neurodinámica, Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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10
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Neurophysiological correlates of holistic face processing in adolescents with and without autism spectrum disorder. J Neurodev Disord 2018; 10:27. [PMID: 30165814 PMCID: PMC6118009 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-018-9244-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Face processing has been found to be impaired in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). One hypothesis is that individuals with ASD engage in piecemeal compared to holistic face processing strategies. To investigate the role of possible impairments in holistic face processing in individuals with autism, the current study investigated behavioral and electroencephalography (EEG) correlates of face processing (P1/N170 and gamma-band activity) in adolescents with ASD and sex-, age-, and IQ-matched neurotypical controls. Methods Participants were presented with upright and inverted Mooney stimuli; black and white low information faces that are only perceived as faces when processed holistically. Participants indicated behaviorally the detection of a face. EEG was collected time-locked to the presentation of the stimuli. Results Adolescents with ASD perceived Mooney stimuli as faces suggesting ability to use holistic processing but displayed a lower face detection rate and slower response times. ERP components suggest slowed temporal processing of Mooney stimuli in the ASD compared to control group for P1 latency but no differences between groups for P1 amplitude and at the N170. Increases in gamma-band activity was similar during the perception of the Mooney images by group, but the ASD group showed prolonged temporal elevation in activity. Conclusion Overall, our results suggest that adolescents with ASD were able to utilize holistic processing to perceive a face within the Mooney stimuli. Delays in early processing, marked by the P1, and elongated elevation in gamma activity indicate that the neural systems supporting holistic processing are slightly altered suggesting a less automatic and less efficient facial processing system. Trial registration Non-applicable. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s11689-018-9244-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Silva G, Duarte IC, Bernardino I, Marques T, Violante IR, Castelo-Branco M. Oscillatory motor patterning is impaired in neurofibromatosis type 1: a behavioural, EEG and fMRI study. J Neurodev Disord 2018; 10:11. [PMID: 29566645 PMCID: PMC5863896 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-018-9230-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neurofibromatosis type1 (NF1) is associated with a broad range of behavioural deficits, and an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission has been postulated in this disorder. Inhibition is involved in the control of frequency and stability of motor rhythms. Therefore, we aimed to explore the link between behavioural motor control, brain rhythms and brain activity, as assessed by EEG and fMRI in NF1. Methods We studied a cohort of 21 participants with NF1 and 20 age- and gender-matched healthy controls, with a finger-tapping task requiring pacing at distinct frequencies during EEG and fMRI scans. Results We found that task performance was significantly different between NF1 and controls, the latter showing higher tapping time precision. The time-frequency patterns at the beta sub-band (20–26 Hz) mirrored the behavioural modulations, with similar cyclic synchronization/desynchronization patterns for both groups. fMRI results showed a higher recruitment of the extrapyramidal motor system (putamen, cerebellum and red nucleus) in the control group during the fastest pacing condition. Conclusions The present study demonstrated impaired precision in rhythmic pacing behaviour in NF1 as compared with controls. We found a decreased recruitment of the cerebellum, a structure where inhibitory interneurons are essential regulators of rhythmic synchronization, and in deep brain regions pivotally involved in motor pacing. Our findings shed light into the neural underpinnings of motor timing deficits in NF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Silva
- CNC.IBILI, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.,ICNAS, CIBIT, Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Catarina Duarte
- CNC.IBILI, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.,ICNAS, CIBIT, Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Bernardino
- CNC.IBILI, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tânia Marques
- CNC.IBILI, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês R Violante
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- CNC.IBILI, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal. .,ICNAS, CIBIT, Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
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12
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Castelhano J, Tavares P, Mouga S, Oliveira G, Castelo-Branco M. Stimulus dependent neural oscillatory patterns show reliable statistical identification of autism spectrum disorder in a face perceptual decision task. Clin Neurophysiol 2018; 129:981-989. [PMID: 29554581 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2018.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Electroencephalographic biomarkers have been widely investigated in autism, in the search for diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic outcome measures. Here we took advantage of the information available in temporal oscillatory patterns evoked by simple perceptual decisions to investigate whether stimulus dependent oscillatory signatures can be used as potential biomarkers in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHODS We studied an extensive set of stimuli (9 categories of faces) and performed data driven classification (Support vector machine, SVM) of ASD vs. Controls with features based on the EEG power responses. We carried out an extensive time-frequency and synchrony analysis of distinct face categories requiring different processing mechanisms in terms of non-holistic vs. holistic processing. RESULTS We found that the neuronal oscillatory responses of low gamma frequency band, locked to photographic and abstract two-tone (Mooney) face stimulus presentation are decreased in ASD vs. the control group. We also found decreased time-frequency (TF) responses in the beta band in ASD after 350 ms, possibly related to motor preparation. On the other hand, synchrony in the 30-45 Hz band showed a distinct spatial pattern in ASD. These power changes enabled accurate classification of ASD with an SVM approach. SVM accuracy was approximately 85%. ROC curves showed about 94% AUC (area under the curve). Combination of Mooney and Photographic face stimuli evoked features enabled a better separation between groups, reaching an AUC of 98.6%. CONCLUSION We identified a relative decrease in EEG responses to face stimuli in ASD in the beta (15-30 Hz; >350 ms) and gamma (30-45 Hz; 55-80 Hz; 50-350 ms) frequency ranges. These can be used as input of a machine learning approach to separate between groups with high accuracy. SIGNIFICANCE Future studies can use EEG time-frequency patterns evoked by particular types of faces as a diagnostic biomarker and potentially as outcome measures in therapeutic trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Castelhano
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula Tavares
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Susana Mouga
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Unidade de Neurodesenvolvimento e Autismo do Serviço do Centro de Desenvolvimento da Criança, Pediatric Hospital, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Guiomar Oliveira
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Unidade de Neurodesenvolvimento e Autismo do Serviço do Centro de Desenvolvimento da Criança, Pediatric Hospital, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Portugal; University Clinic of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Centro de Investigação e Formação Clínica, Pediatric Hospital, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Castelhano J, Duarte IC, Abuhaiba SI, Rito M, Sales F, Castelo-Branco M. Cortical functional topography of high-frequency gamma activity relates to perceptual decision: an Intracranial study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186428. [PMID: 29073154 PMCID: PMC5657999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
High-frequency activity (HFA) is believed to subserve a functional role in cognition, but these patterns are often not accessible to scalp EEG recordings. Intracranial studies provide a unique opportunity to link the all-encompassing range of high-frequency patterns with holistic perception. We tested whether the functional topography of HFAs (up to 250Hz) is related to perceptual decision-making. Human intracortical data were recorded (6 subjects; >250channels) during an ambiguous object-recognition task. We found a spatial topography of HFAs reflecting processing anterior dorsal and ventral streams, linked to decision independently of the type of processed object/stimulus category. Three distinct regional fingerprints could be identified, with lower gamma frequency patterns (<45Hz) dominating in the anterior semantic ventral object processing and dorsoventral integrating networks and evolving later, during perceptual decision phases, than early sensory posterior patterns (60-250Hz). This suggests that accurate object recognition/perceptual decision-making is related to distinct spatiotemporal signatures in the low gamma frequency range.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Castelhano
- CIBIT, ICNAS, University of Coimbra, Coimbra Portugal
- IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel C. Duarte
- CIBIT, ICNAS, University of Coimbra, Coimbra Portugal
- IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sulaiman I. Abuhaiba
- CIBIT, ICNAS, University of Coimbra, Coimbra Portugal
- IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | | | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- CIBIT, ICNAS, University of Coimbra, Coimbra Portugal
- IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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Gamma-Band Activities in Mouse Frontal and Visual Cortex Induced by Coherent Dot Motion. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43780. [PMID: 28252109 PMCID: PMC5333145 DOI: 10.1038/srep43780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A key question within systems neuroscience is to understand how the brain encodes spatially and temporally distributed local features and binds these together into one perceptual representation. Previous works in animal and human have shown that changes in neural synchrony occur during the perceptual processing and these changes are distinguished by the emergence of gamma-band oscillations (GBO, 30-80 Hz, centered at 40 Hz). Here, we used the mouse electroencephalogram to investigate how different cortical areas play roles in perceptual processing by assessing their GBO patterns during the visual presentation of coherently/incoherently moving random-dot kinematogram and static dots display. Our results revealed that GBO in the visual cortex were strongly modulated by the moving dots regardless of the existence of a global dot coherence, whereas GBO in frontal cortex were modulated by coherence of the motion. Moreover, concurrent GBO across the multiple cortical area occur more frequently for coherently moving dots. Taken together, these findings of GBO in the mouse frontal and visual cortex are related to the perceptual binding of local features into a globally-coherent representation, suggesting the dynamic interplay across the local/distributed networks of GBO in the global processing of optic flow.
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15
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Bona S, Cattaneo Z, Silvanto J. Investigating the Causal Role of rOFA in Holistic Detection of Mooney Faces and Objects: An fMRI-guided TMS Study. Brain Stimul 2016; 9:594-600. [PMID: 27210036 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The right occipital face area (rOFA) is known to be involved in face discrimination based on local featural information. Whether this region is also involved in global, holistic stimulus processing is not known. OBJECTIVE We used fMRI-guided transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to investigate whether rOFA is causally implicated in stimulus detection based on holistic processing, by the use of Mooney stimuli. METHODS Two studies were carried out: In Experiment 1, participants performed a detection task involving Mooney faces and Mooney objects; Mooney stimuli lack distinguishable local features and can be detected solely via holistic processing (i.e. at a global level) with top-down guidance from previously stored representations. Experiment 2 required participants to detect shapes which are recognized via bottom-up integration of local (collinear) Gabor elements and was performed to control for specificity of rOFA's implication in holistic detection. RESULTS In Experiment 1, TMS over rOFA and rLO impaired detection of all stimulus categories, with no category-specific effect. In Experiment 2, shape detection was impaired when TMS was applied over rLO but not over rOFA. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that rOFA is causally implicated in the type of top-down holistic detection required by Mooney stimuli and that such role is not face-selective. In contrast, rOFA does not appear to play a causal role in detection of shapes based on bottom-up integration of local components, demonstrating that its involvement in processing non-face stimuli is specific for holistic processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bona
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, 00076 Espoo, Finland; Advanced Magnetic Imaging Centre, Aalto Neuroimaging, OV Lounasmaa Laboratory, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 Espoo, Finland; BioMag Laboratory, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zaira Cattaneo
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; Brain Connectivity Center, National Neurological Institute C. Mondino, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Juha Silvanto
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, 309 Regent Street, W1B 2HW London, UK.
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Silva G, Ribeiro MJ, Costa GN, Violante I, Ramos F, Saraiva J, Castelo-Branco M. Peripheral Attentional Targets under Covert Attention Lead to Paradoxically Enhanced Alpha Desynchronization in Neurofibromatosis Type 1. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148600. [PMID: 26881921 PMCID: PMC4755663 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The limited capacity of the human brain to process the full extent of visual information reaching the visual cortex requires the recruitment of mechanisms of information selection through attention. Neurofibromatosis type-1 (NF1) is a neurodevelopmental disease often exhibiting attentional deficits and learning disabilities, and is considered to model similar impairments common in other neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism. In a previous study, we found that patients with NF1 are more prone to miss targets under overt attention conditions. This finding was interpreted as a result of increased occipito-parietal alpha oscillations. In the present study, we used electroencephalography (EEG) to study alpha power modulations and the performance of patients with NF1 in a covert attention task. Covert attention was required in order to perceive changes (target offset) of a peripherally presented stimulus. Interestingly, alpha oscillations were found to undergo greater desynchronization under this task in the NF1 group compared with control subjects. A similar pattern of desynchronization was found for beta frequencies while no changes in gamma oscillations could be identified. These results are consistent with the notion that different attentional states and task demands generate different patterns of abnormal modulation of alpha oscillatory processes in NF1. Under covert attention conditions and while target offset was reported with relatively high accuracy (over 90% correct responses), excessive desynchronization was found. These findings suggest an abnormal modulation of oscillatory activity and attentional processes in NF1. Given the known role of alpha in modulating attention, we suggest that alpha patterns can show both abnormal increases and decreases that are task and performance dependent, in a way that enhanced alpha desynchronization may reflect a compensatory mechanism to keep performance at normal levels. These results suggest that dysregulation of alpha oscillations may occur in NF1 both in terms of excessive or diminished activation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Silva
- ICNAS – Brain Imaging Network of Portugal, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria J. Ribeiro
- IBILI – Institute for Biomedical Imaging in Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gabriel N. Costa
- ICNAS – Brain Imaging Network of Portugal, Coimbra, Portugal
- IBILI – Institute for Biomedical Imaging in Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Violante
- The Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, The Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fabiana Ramos
- Medical Genetics Department, Pediatric Hospital of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge Saraiva
- Medical Genetics Department, Pediatric Hospital of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- ICNAS – Brain Imaging Network of Portugal, Coimbra, Portugal
- IBILI – Institute for Biomedical Imaging in Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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17
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Başar E, Emek-Savaş DD, Güntekin B, Yener GG. Delay of cognitive gamma responses in Alzheimer's disease. Neuroimage Clin 2016; 11:106-115. [PMID: 26937378 PMCID: PMC4753813 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Event-related oscillations (EROs) reflect cognitive brain dynamics, while sensory-evoked oscillations (SEOs) reflect sensory activities. Previous reports from our lab have shown that those with Alzheimer's disease (AD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have decreased activity and/or coherence in delta, theta, alpha and beta cognitive responses. In the current study, we investigated gamma responses in visual SEO and ERO in 15 patients with AD and in 15 age-, gender- and education-matched healthy controls. The following parameters were analyzed over the parietal-occipital regions in both groups: (i) latency of the maximum gamma response over a 0-800 ms time window; (ii) the maximum peak-to-peak amplitudes for each participant's averaged SEO and ERO gamma responses in 3 frequency ranges (25-30, 30-35, 40-48 Hz); and (iii) the maximum peak-to-peak amplitudes for each participant's averaged SEO and ERO gamma responses over a 0-800 ms time block containing four divided time windows (0-200, 200-400, 400-600, and 600-800 ms). There were main group effects in terms of both latency and peak-to-peak amplitudes of gamma ERO. However, peak-to-peak gamma ERO amplitude differences became noticeable only when the time block was divided into four time windows. SEO amplitudes in the 25-30 Hz frequency range of the 0-200 ms time window over the left hemisphere were greater in the healthy controls than in those with AD. Gamma target ERO latency was delayed up to 138 ms in AD patients when compared to healthy controls. This finding may be an effect of lagged neural signaling in cognitive circuits, which is reflected by the delayed gamma responses in those with AD. Based on the results of this study, we propose that gamma responses should be examined in a more detailed fashion using multiple frequency and time windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erol Başar
- Brain Dynamics, Cognition and Complex Systems Research Center, Istanbul Kultur University, Istanbul 34156, Turkey.
| | - Derya Durusu Emek-Savaş
- Brain Dynamics, Cognition and Complex Systems Research Center, Istanbul Kultur University, Istanbul 34156, Turkey; Department of Psychology, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir 35160, Turkey; Department of Neurosciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir 35340, Turkey
| | - Bahar Güntekin
- Brain Dynamics, Cognition and Complex Systems Research Center, Istanbul Kultur University, Istanbul 34156, Turkey
| | - Görsev G Yener
- Brain Dynamics, Cognition and Complex Systems Research Center, Istanbul Kultur University, Istanbul 34156, Turkey; Department of Neurosciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir 35340, Turkey; Brain Dynamics Multidisciplinary Research Center, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir 35340, Turkey; Department of Neurology, Dokuz Eylül University Medical School, Izmir 35340, Turkey
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Castelhano J, Bernardino I, Rebola J, Rodriguez E, Castelo-Branco M. Oscillations or Synchrony? Disruption of Neural Synchrony despite Enhanced Gamma Oscillations in a Model of Disrupted Perceptual Coherence. J Cogn Neurosci 2015; 27:2416-26. [DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that neural synchrony underlies perceptual coherence. The hypothesis of loss of central perceptual coherence has been proposed to be at the origin of abnormal cognition in autism spectrum disorders and Williams syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder linked with autism, and a clearcut model for impaired central coherence. We took advantage of this model of impaired holistic processing to test the hypothesis that loss of neural synchrony plays a separable role in visual integration using EEG and a set of experimental tasks requiring coherent integration of local elements leading to 3-D face perception. A profound reorganization of brain activity was identified. Neural synchrony was reduced across stimulus conditions, and this was associated with increased amplitude modulation at 25–45 Hz. This combination of a dramatic loss of synchrony despite increased oscillatory activity is strong evidence that synchrony underlies central coherence. This is the first time, to our knowledge, that dissociation between amplitude and synchrony is reported in a human model of impaired perceptual coherence, suggesting that loss of phase coherence is more directly related to disruption of holistic perception.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eugenio Rodriguez
- 2Max-Planck for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- 3Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Correa KA, Stone BT, Stikic M, Johnson RR, Berka C. Characterizing donation behavior from psychophysiological indices of narrative experience. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:301. [PMID: 26379488 PMCID: PMC4553387 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on narrative persuasion has yet to investigate whether this process influences behavior. The current study explored whether: (1) a narrative could persuade participants to donate to a charity, a prosocial, behavioral decision; (2) psychophysiological metrics can delineate the differences between donation/non-donation behaviors; and (3) donation behavior can be correlated with measures of psychophysiology, self-reported reactions to the narrative, and intrinsic characteristics. Participants (n = 49) completed personality/disposition questionnaires, viewed one of two versions of a narrative while EEG and ECG were recorded, completed a questionnaire regarding their reactions to the narrative, and were given an opportunity to donate to a charity related to the themes of the narrative. Results showed that: (1) 34.7% of participants donated; (2) psychophysiological metrics successfully delineated between donation behaviors and the effects of narrative version; and (3) psychophysiology and reactions to the narrative were better able to explain the variance (88 and 65%, respectively) in the amount donated than all 3 metrics combined as well as any metric alone. These findings demonstrate the promise of narrative persuasion for influencing prosocial, behavioral decisions. Our results also illustrate the utility of the previously stated metrics for understanding and possibly even manipulating behaviors resulting from narrative persuasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A. Correa
- *Correspondence: Kelly A. Correa, Advanced Brain Monitoring, Inc., 2237 Faraday Ave. Ste 100, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
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Choi JW, Cha KS, Choi JD, Jung KY, Kim KH. Difficulty-related changes in inter-regional neural synchrony are dissociated between target and non-target processing. Brain Res 2015; 1603:114-23. [PMID: 25636271 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The major purpose of this study was to explore the changes in the local/global gamma-band neural synchronies during target/non-target processing due to task difficulty under an auditory three-stimulus oddball paradigm. Multichannel event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from fifteen healthy participants during the oddball task. In addition to the conventional ERP analysis, we investigated the modulations in gamma-band activity (GBA) and inter-regional gamma-band phase synchrony (GBPS) for infrequent target and non-target processing due to task difficulty. The most notable finding was that the difficulty-related changes in inter-regional GBPS (33-35 Hz) at P300 epoch (350-600 ms) completely differed for target and non-target processing. As task difficulty increased, the GBPS significantly reduced for target processing but increased for non-target processing. This result contrasts with the local neural synchrony in gamma-bands, which was not affected by task difficulty. Another major finding was that the spatial patterns of functional connectivity were dissociated for target and non-target processing with regard to the difficult task. The spatial pattern for target processing was compatible with the top-down attention network, whereas that for the non-target corresponded to the bottom-up attention network. Overall, we found that the inter-regional gamma-band neural synchronies during target/non-target processing change significantly with task difficulty and that this change is dissociated between target and non-target processing. Our results indicate that large-scale neural synchrony is more relevant for the difference in information processing between target and non-target stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Woo Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Yonsei University, 234 Maeji-ri, Heungup-myun, Wonju, Gangwon-do 220-710, South Korea
| | - Kwang Su Cha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Yonsei University, 234 Maeji-ri, Heungup-myun, Wonju, Gangwon-do 220-710, South Korea
| | - Jong Doo Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Yonsei University, 234 Maeji-ri, Heungup-myun, Wonju, Gangwon-do 220-710, South Korea
| | - Ki-Young Jung
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 110-744, South Korea
| | - Kyung Hwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Yonsei University, 234 Maeji-ri, Heungup-myun, Wonju, Gangwon-do 220-710, South Korea.
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Başar E, Tülay E, Güntekin B. Multiple gamma oscillations in the brain: a new strategy to differentiate functional correlates and P300 dynamics. Int J Psychophysiol 2015; 95:406-20. [PMID: 25660304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Brain oscillations in the gamma frequency band, - i.e. oscillations greater than 25 Hz - have attracted increasing attention over the last few decades in the research of sensory-cognitive processes. In the neuroscience research literature, a great number of reports aim to describe the functional correlates of oscillatory responses in the gamma frequency window. However, analysis using a broadband frequency window often leads to divergent functional interpretations and controversies. In order to provide a more exact approach, we have used a strategy by defining multiple frequency and multiple time windows according to the combined analysis of conventional power spectral windows, frequency adaptive multiple filters, and inter-trial coherence. The analysis in frequency windows of 25-30 Hz, 30-35 Hz, and 40-48 Hz enables the investigator to provide a distinction of cognitive and/or sensory responses. Moreover, according to topological differentiation and the consideration of neuroanatomic pathways, more reliable interpretations of gamma responses are reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erol Başar
- Brain Dynamics, Cognition and Complex Systems Research Center, Istanbul Kultur University, Istanbul 34156, Turkey.
| | - Elif Tülay
- Brain Dynamics, Cognition and Complex Systems Research Center, Istanbul Kultur University, Istanbul 34156, Turkey
| | - Bahar Güntekin
- Brain Dynamics, Cognition and Complex Systems Research Center, Istanbul Kultur University, Istanbul 34156, Turkey
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22
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Source-reconstruction of event-related fields reveals hyperfunction and hypofunction of cortical circuits in antipsychotic-naive, first-episode schizophrenia patients during Mooney face processing. J Neurosci 2014; 34:5909-17. [PMID: 24760850 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3752-13.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is characterized by dysfunctions in neural circuits that can be investigated with electrophysiological methods, such as EEG and MEG. In the present human study, we examined event-related fields (ERFs), in a sample of medication-naive, first-episode schizophrenia (FE-ScZ) patients (n = 14) and healthy control participants (n = 17) during perception of Mooney faces to investigate the integrity of neuromagnetic responses and their experience-dependent modification. ERF responses were analyzed for M100, M170, and M250 components at the sensor and source levels. In addition, we analyzed peak latency and adaptation effects due to stimulus repetition. FE-ScZ patients were characterized by significantly impaired sensory processing, as indicated by a reduced discrimination index (A'). At the sensor level, M100 and M170 responses in FE-ScZ were within the normal range, whereas the M250 response was impaired. However, source localization revealed widespread elevated activity for M100 and M170 in FE-ScZ and delayed peak latencies for the M100 and M250 responses. In addition, M170 source activity in FE-ScZ was not modulated by stimulus repetitions. The present findings suggest that neural circuits in FE-ScZ may be characterized by a disturbed balance between excitation and inhibition that could lead to a failure to gate information flow and abnormal spreading of activity, which is compatible with dysfunctional glutamatergic neurotransmission.
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Castelhano J, Duarte IC, Wibral M, Rodriguez E, Castelo-Branco M. The dual facet of gamma oscillations: separate visual and decision making circuits as revealed by simultaneous EEG/fMRI. Hum Brain Mapp 2014; 35:5219-35. [PMID: 24839083 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
It remains an outstanding question whether gamma-band oscillations reflect unitary cognitive processes within the same task. EEG/MEG studies do lack the resolution or coverage to address the highly debated question whether single gamma activity patterns are linked with multiple cognitive modules or alternatively each pattern associates with a specific cognitive module, within the same coherent perceptual task. One way to disentangle these issues would be to provide direct identification of their sources, by combining different techniques. Here, we directly examined these questions by performing simultaneous EEG/fMRI using an ambiguous perception paradigm requiring holistic integration. We found that distinct gamma frequency sub-bands reflect different neural substrates and cognitive mechanisms when comparing object perception states vs. no categorical perception. A low gamma sub-band (near 40 Hz) activity was tightly related to the decision making network, and in particular the anterior insula. A high gamma sub-band (∼60 Hz) could be linked to early visual processing regions. The demonstration of a clear functional topography for distinct gamma sub-bands within the same task shows that distinct gamma-band modulations underlie sensory processing and perceptual decision mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Castelhano
- Visual Neuroscience Laboratory, IBILI-Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; ICNAS-Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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