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Tsang HW, Kwan MYW, Chua GT, Tsao SSL, Wong JSC, Tung KTS, Chan GCF, To KKW, Wong ICK, Leung WH, Ip P. The central role of natural killer cells in mediating acute myocarditis after mRNA COVID-19 vaccination. MED 2024; 5:335-347.e3. [PMID: 38521068 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccine-related acute myocarditis is recognized as a rare and specific vaccine complication following mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccinations. The precise mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesized that natural killer (NK) cells play a central role in its pathogenesis. METHODS Samples from 60 adolescents with vaccine-related myocarditis were analyzed, including pro-inflammatory cytokines, cardiac troponin T, genotyping, and immunophenotyping of the corresponding activation subsets of NK cells, monocytes, and T cells. Results were compared with samples from 10 vaccinated individuals without myocarditis and 10 healthy controls. FINDINGS Phenotypically, high levels of serum cytokines pivotal for NK cells, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interferon α2 (IFN-α2), IL-12, and IFN-γ, were observed in post-vaccination patients with myocarditis, who also had high percentage of CD57+ NK cells in blood, which in turn correlated positively with elevated levels of cardiac troponin T. Abundance of the CD57+ NK subset was particularly prominent in males and in those after the second dose of vaccination. Genotypically, killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) KIR2DL5B(-)/KIR2DS3(+)/KIR2DS5(-)/KIR2DS4del(+) was a risk haplotype, in addition to single-nucleotide polymorphisms related to the NK cell-specific expression quantitative trait loci DNAM-1 and FuT11, which also correlated with cardiac troponin T levels in post-vaccination patients with myocarditis. CONCLUSION Collectively, these data suggest that NK cell activation by mRNA COVID-19 vaccine contributed to the pathogenesis of acute myocarditis in genetically and epidemiologically vulnerable subjects. FUNDING This work was funded by the Hong Kong Collaborative Research Fund (CRF) 2020/21 and the CRF Coronavirus and Novel Infectious Diseases Research Exercises (reference no. C7149-20G).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hing Wai Tsang
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mike Yat Wah Kwan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gilbert T Chua
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sabrina Siu Ling Tsao
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Joshua Sung Chih Wong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital Authority, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Keith Tsz Suen Tung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Godfrey Chi Fung Chan
- Paediatric Haematology & Oncology Centre, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kelvin Kai Wang To
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ian Chi Kei Wong
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; School of Pharmacy, Medical Sciences Division, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR, China; School of Pharmacy, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, England
| | - Wing Hang Leung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Patrick Ip
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Gwynne K, Jiang S, Venema R, Christie V, Boughtwood T, Ritha M, Skinner J, Ali N, Rambaldini B, Calma T. Genomics and inclusion of Indigenous peoples in high income countries. Hum Genet 2023; 142:1407-1416. [PMID: 37479894 PMCID: PMC10449672 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-023-02587-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Genomics research related to Indigenous people has been at worst exploitative and at best, retrospectively on a journey to improve effective engagement of Indigenous individuals and communities. Genomics can positively impact all stages of clinical management, and to improve genomic effectiveness researchers aggregate genomic data from diverse global sub-populations, such as shared ancestry groupings, as people within these groupings will have a greater proportion of shared DNA traits. While genomics is already being used worldwide to improve lives, its utility and effectiveness has not been maximized for individuals with Indigenous ancestry. Several large datasets of human genetic variation have been made publicly available, of which the most widely used is the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD), but none of these databases currently contain any population-specific data for Indigenous populations. There are many reasons why Indigenous people have been largely left out of genomics research and, because of this, miss out on the benefits offered. It is also clear that if research is to be effective, it needs to be done 'with' and not 'on' Indigenous communities. This systematic review of the literature regarding Indigenous peoples (in high income countries) and genomics aims to review the existing literature and identify areas of strength and weakness in study design and conduct, focusing on the effectiveness of Indigenous community engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie Gwynne
- Djurali Centre for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Education and Research (Formerly Known as Poche Centre for Indigenous Health), Macquarie University, Walanga Muru Building, 6 First Walk, Sydney, NSW, 2113, Australia
| | - Shirley Jiang
- University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circuit, Toronto, Canada
| | - Robertson Venema
- University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circuit, Toronto, Canada
| | - Vita Christie
- Djurali Centre for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Education and Research (Formerly Known as Poche Centre for Indigenous Health), Macquarie University, Walanga Muru Building, 6 First Walk, Sydney, NSW, 2113, Australia.
| | - Tiffany Boughtwood
- Australian Genomics, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Marida Ritha
- Djurali Centre for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Education and Research (Formerly Known as Poche Centre for Indigenous Health), Macquarie University, Walanga Muru Building, 6 First Walk, Sydney, NSW, 2113, Australia
| | - John Skinner
- Djurali Centre for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Education and Research (Formerly Known as Poche Centre for Indigenous Health), Macquarie University, Walanga Muru Building, 6 First Walk, Sydney, NSW, 2113, Australia
| | - Nyesa Ali
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Boe Rambaldini
- Djurali Centre for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Education and Research (Formerly Known as Poche Centre for Indigenous Health), Macquarie University, Walanga Muru Building, 6 First Walk, Sydney, NSW, 2113, Australia
| | - Tom Calma
- Djurali Centre for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Education and Research (Formerly Known as Poche Centre for Indigenous Health), Macquarie University, Walanga Muru Building, 6 First Walk, Sydney, NSW, 2113, Australia
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3
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Manzanares-Martin B, Cebrián Aranda A, Del Puerto-Nevado L, González R, Solanes S, Gómez-España MA, García-Foncillas J, Aranda E. Improving selection of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer to benefit from cetuximab based on KIR genotypes. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2020-001705. [PMID: 33833048 PMCID: PMC8039212 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Cetuximab is a standard-of-care treatment for KRAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), but it may also be effective in a subgroup of KRAS mutant patients by its immunomodulatory activity. Here, we explore if KIR (killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor) genotyping can provide a significant added value in the clinical outcome of patients with KRAS mutant mCRC based on cetuximab treatment. METHODS We included 69 patients with histologically confirmed mCRC and KRAS mutation, positive EGFR expression, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≤2. Based on KIR gene content, haplotype (A or B) was defined and genotypes (AA or Bx) were grouped for each patient. RESULTS We demonstrated with new evidence the immunomodulatory activity of cetuximab in patients with KRAS mutant mCRC. Patients with homozygous genotypes (AA or BB) showed shorter 12-month progression-free survival (PFS12) and poorer overall survival (OS) than those with heterozygotes (AB). Moreover, multivariate analysis confirmed stratification of patients based on genotype was an independent marker of PFS12 (HR 2.16) and the centromeric and telomeric distribution of KIRs was an independent predictor of both PFS12 (HR 2.26) and OS (HR 1.93) in patients with mCRC with KRAS mutation treated with cetuximab. CONCLUSIONS Selection of patients with mCRC based on their KIR genotypes opens a therapeutic opportunity for patients with KRAS mutation, and it should be tested in clinical trials in comparison with other alternatives with scarce benefit. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01450319, EudraCT 2010-023580-18.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arancha Cebrián Aranda
- Oncology, Translational Oncology Division, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Del Puerto-Nevado
- Oncology, Translational Oncology Division, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael González
- Immunology Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Andalucía, Spain
| | - Sonia Solanes
- Oncology, Translational Oncology Division, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jesús García-Foncillas
- Oncology, Translational Oncology Division, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Aranda
- Medical Oncology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Andalucía, Spain
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Omraninava M, Mehranfar S, Khosrojerdi A, Jamalzehi S, Karami J, Motallebnezhad M, Javan MR, Aslani S, Mohammadi H, Kousha A. Systematic review and meta-analytic findings on the association between killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genes and susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis. Pathog Glob Health 2020; 115:61-69. [PMID: 33258733 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2020.1848271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have evaluated the association between killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) genes and susceptibility risk to tuberculosis (TB) infection. Nonetheless, their outcomes have not been conclusive and consistent. Here we implemented a systematic review and meta-analysis of KIR genes association to susceptibility risk of pulmonary TB (PTB) infection to attain a clear understanding of the involvement of these genes in susceptibility to PTB infection. A systematic search was conducted in the MEDLINE/PubMed and Scopus databases to find case-control studies published before November 2020. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated to determine the association between KIR genes and risk of PTB infection. After comprehensive searching and implementing the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 case-control studies were included in the meta-analysis. Four KIR genes were found to have significant positive association with PTB susceptibility risk of infection, including 2DL3 (OR = 1.454, 95% CI = 1.157-1.827; P = 0.001), 2DS1 (OR = 1.481, 95% CI = 1.334-1.837; P < 0.001), 2DS4 (OR = 1.782, 95% CI = 1.273-2.495; P = 0.001) and 3DL1 (OR = 1.726, 95% CI = 1.277-2.333; P < 0.001). However, the results showed that the remaining KIR genes (2DS2-4, 2DL1, 2, 4, 3DL1-2) and two pseudogenes (2DP1 and 3DP1) did not have significant associations with risk of PTB infection. This meta-analysis provides reliable evidence that the KIR genes 2DL3, 2DS1, 2DS4, and 3DL1 may be associated with an increased risk of PTB infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melodi Omraninava
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University , Sari, Iran
| | - Sahar Mehranfar
- Department of Genetics and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Urmia, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Urmia, Iran
| | - Arezou Khosrojerdi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran, Iran
| | - Sirous Jamalzehi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences , Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Jafar Karami
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Motallebnezhad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Javan
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences , Zabol, Iran
| | - Saeed Aslani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences , Alborz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Kousha
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran
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5
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Tuttolomondo A, Di Raimondo D, Vasto S, Casuccio A, Colomba C, Norrito RL, Di Bona D, Arnao V, Siciliano L, Cascio A, Pinto A. Protective and causative killer Ig-like receptor (KIR) and metalloproteinase genetic patterns associated with Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) encephalitis occurrence. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 344:577241. [PMID: 32334204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cerebral innate immune system has a critical role in control processes of viral replication in the brain after primary infactivo and immunologic disregulation and inflammation has been reported as a primary determinant of pathogenesis and prognosis of subsequent HSV-1 related encephalitis (HSE). Interaction linking LTR3-activated DCs is also represented by the killer Ig-like receptor (KIR) + pathways on NK cells. Only a few studies analyzed the role of of MMP-9 activity regulating genetic polymorphism on clinical outcome of viral infections. Susceptibility to symptomatic encephalitis depends on SNC viral invasion and BBB disruption. We hypothesize that certain KIR genes and MMP allele may help to characterize a risk profile of developing an acute encephalitis due to HSV 1. AIM OF THE STUDY Analyze the frequency of KIR genes and the C(-1562)T MMP-9 allels in subjects with HSV-1 encephalitis and to analyze their interaction with regard of the risk of occurrence of a symptomatic encephalitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between November 2014 and January 2019, all consecutive patients with symptomatic acute encephalitis were recruited from three wards (Internal Medicine, Neurology, and Infectious Diseases) of "P. Giaccone" University Hospital, Palermo. RESULTS Patients with acute viral encephalitis in comparison to controls showed a higher frequency AA KIR haplotype, HLA-C2 and of HLA-A-Bw4 alleles. With regard of HLA allele frequency patients with acute viral encephalitis In comparison to controls also showed a higher frequency of HLA-C2 and of HLA-A-Bw4 alleles. With regard of MMP-9 alleles, subjects with acute viral encephalitis were more likely to have the TT genotype. The multiple logistic regression analysis considering variables predictive of the occurrence of acute viral encephalitis showed the detrimental effect of AA KIR, HLAC1, HLA-A-BW4 and HLA-B-BW4T and of TT aplotype of MMP-9 genotype. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that in immunocompetent adult subjects there is an association between some KIR genes, MMP-9 alleles and HLA-ligand alleles and susceptibility to develop a symptomatic acute viral encephalitis. Definition of the genetic and immunological background of acute viral encephalitis can play a key role to determine personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Tuttolomondo
- Department of Promoting Health, Maternal-Infant. Excellence and Internal and Specialized Medicine (ProMISE) G. D'Alessandro, University of Palermo, Italy.
| | - Domenico Di Raimondo
- Department of Promoting Health, Maternal-Infant. Excellence and Internal and Specialized Medicine (ProMISE) G. D'Alessandro, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Sonya Vasto
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Casuccio
- Department of Promoting Health, Maternal-Infant. Excellence and Internal and Specialized Medicine (ProMISE) G. D'Alessandro, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudia Colomba
- Department of Promoting Health, Maternal-Infant. Excellence and Internal and Specialized Medicine (ProMISE) G. D'Alessandro, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosario Luca Norrito
- Department of Promoting Health, Maternal-Infant. Excellence and Internal and Specialized Medicine (ProMISE) G. D'Alessandro, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Danilo Di Bona
- School and Chair of Allergology, Dipartimento delle Emergenze e Trapianti d'Organo, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Luisa Siciliano
- Psychology, Neuroscience and Human Sciences, Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences of the University of Pavia (Italy), Department of Humanities and Life Sciences of the University School for Advanced Studies (IUSS), Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Cascio
- Department of Promoting Health, Maternal-Infant. Excellence and Internal and Specialized Medicine (ProMISE) G. D'Alessandro, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Pinto
- Department of Promoting Health, Maternal-Infant. Excellence and Internal and Specialized Medicine (ProMISE) G. D'Alessandro, University of Palermo, Italy
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Polymorphisms in the P2X7 receptor, and differential expression of Toll-like receptor-mediated cytokines and defensins, in a Canadian Indigenous group. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14204. [PMID: 31578370 PMCID: PMC6775093 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50596-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Canadian Indigenous peoples (First Nations and Inuit) exhibit a high burden of infectious diseases including tuberculosis influenced by societal factors, and biological determinants. Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated innate immune responses are the first line of defence against infections. We examined the production of a panel of 30 cytokines in peripheral blood-derived mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from Indigenous and non-Indigenous participants, following stimulation with five different TLR ligands. The levels of TLR-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-12/23p40, IL-16, and IFN-γ, and chemokines (MCP-4, MDC and eotaxin) were different between Indigenous compared to non-Indigenous participants. Antimicrobial cationic host defence peptides (CHDP) induced by TLR activation are critical for resolution of infections and modulate the TLR-to-NFκB pathway to alter downstream cytokine responses. Therefore, we examined the expression of human CHDP defensins and cathelicidin in PBMC. mRNA expression of genes encoding for def-A1 and def-B1 were significantly higher following stimulation with TLR ligands in Indigenous compared to non-Indigenous participants. The purinergic receptor P2X7 known to be activated by ATP released following TLR stimulation, is a receptor for CHDP. Therefore, we further examined single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in P2X7. Indigenous participants had a significantly higher percentage of a P2X7 SNP which is associated with reduced function and lower ability to clear infections. These results suggest that a higher frequency of non-functional P2X7 receptors may influence the activity of downstream immune mediators required for resolution of infections such as pro-inflammatory cytokines and CHDP defensins, thus contributing to higher burden of infections in Indigenous population.
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Kovesi T. Respiratory medicine in Nunavut and Northern Canada. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY, CRITICAL CARE, AND SLEEP MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/24745332.2018.1483784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kovesi
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontrio, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Harishankar M, Selvaraj P, Bethunaickan R. Influence of Genetic Polymorphism Towards Pulmonary Tuberculosis Susceptibility. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:213. [PMID: 30167433 PMCID: PMC6106802 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is still remains the major threat for human health worldwide. Several case-control, candidate-gene, family studies and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) suggested the association of host genetic factors to TB susceptibility or resistance in various ethnic populations. Moreover, these factors modulate the host immune responses to tuberculosis. Studies have reported genetic markers to predict TB development in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and non-HLA genes like killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR), toll-like receptors (TLRs), cytokine/chemokines and their receptors, vitamin D receptor (VDR) and SLC11A1 etc. Highly polymorphic HLA loci may influence antigen presentation specificities by modifying peptide binding motifs. The recent meta-analysis studies revealed the association of several HLA alleles in particular class II HLA-DRB1 with TB susceptibility and valuable marker for disease development especially in Asian populations. Case-control studies have found the association of HLA-DR2 in some populations, but not in other populations, this could be due to an ethnic specific association of gene variants. Recently, GWAS conducted in case-control and family based studies in Russia, Chinese Han, Morocco, Uganda and Tanzania revealed the association of genes such as ASAP1, Alkylglycerol monooxygenase (AGMO), Forkhead BoxP1 (FOXP1), C-terminal domain phosphatase 1 (UBLCP1) and intergenic SNP rs932347C/T with TB. Whereas, SNP rs10956514A/G were not associated with TB in western Chinese Han and Tibetan population. In this review, we summarize the recent findings of genetic variants with susceptibility/resistance to TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Harishankar
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Paramasivam Selvaraj
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
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9
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KIR2DS1 , 2DS5 , 3DS1 and KIR2DL5 are associated with the risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in Iranians. Hum Immunol 2018; 79:218-223. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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10
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HLA-A, B, DRB1, DQA1, DQB1 alleles and haplotype frequencies in Dene and Cree cohorts in Manitoba, Canada. Hum Immunol 2017; 78:401-411. [PMID: 28359736 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND First Nations in the Canadian province of Manitoba have disproportionately high rates of epidemic and endemic TB. Gene polymorphisms that modulate HLA Class I and II antigens are among the risk markers for TB, along with other biologic, and social determinants of health. HLA-A, B, DRB1, DQA1, DQB1 were typed in two Manitoba First Nation indigenous groups to identify and compare the frequency of gene polymorphisms that may influence susceptibility or resistance to TB. METHODS Participants who self-identified as either Dene or Cree enrolled into the study from two First Nation communities in Manitoba, Canada. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples collected with informed consent from Dene (N=63) and Cree (N=42) First Nation study participants. Participants self-reported having treated active TB, treated latent TB or no TB. HLA Class I and II molecules were typed using sequence-specific oligonucleotide (SSO) probes from commercially available kits. RESULTS The rates of treated active and latent TB were marginally higher among the Dene than the Cree participants (p=0.112). Class I and II HLA loci were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in both the Dene and Cree groups. In this exploratory analysis of TB and HLA allele frequencies in Dene and Cree cohorts HLA-A*03 and HLA-DQB1*05:03 were significantly associated with TB. CONCLUSIONS The high incidence of TB in both Dene and Cree populations in Canada requires both biomedical and socioeconomic prevention and control measures. Among the former, an understanding of HLA diversity among First Nations groups may aid the development of new effective vaccine and therapeutic modalities that depend on the interaction between small molecules and specific HLA epitopes.
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Familial risk of tuberculosis (TB) has been recognized for centuries. Largely through studies of mono- and dizygotic twin concordance rates, studies of families with Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease, and candidate gene studies performed in the 20th century, it was recognized that susceptibility to TB disease has a substantial host genetic component. Limitations in candidate gene studies and early linkage studies made the robust identification of specific loci associated with disease challenging, and few loci have been convincingly associated across multiple populations. Genome-wide and transcriptome-wide association studies, based on microarray (commonly known as genechip) technologies, conducted in the past decade have helped shed some light on pathogenesis but only a handful of new pathways have been identified. This apparent paradox, of high heritability but few replicable associations, has spurred a new wave of collaborative global studies. This review aims to comprehensively review the heritability of TB, critically review the host genetic and transcriptomic correlates of disease, and highlight current studies and future prospects in the study of host genomics in TB. An implicit goal of elucidating host genetic correlates of susceptibility to
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
infection or TB disease is to identify pathophysiological features amenable to translation to new preventive, diagnostic, or therapeutic interventions. The translation of genomic insights into new clinical tools is therefore also discussed.
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Penman BS, Moffett A, Chazara O, Gupta S, Parham P. Reproduction, infection and killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor haplotype evolution. Immunogenetics 2016; 68:755-764. [PMID: 27517293 PMCID: PMC5056949 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-016-0935-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are encoded by one of the most polymorphic families in the human genome. KIRs are expressed on natural killer (NK) cells, which have dual roles: (1) in fighting infection and (2) in reproduction, regulating hemochorial placentation. Uniquely among primates, human KIR genes are arranged into two haplotypic combinations: KIR A and KIR B. It has been proposed that KIR A is specialized to fight infection, whilst KIR B evolved to help ensure successful reproduction. Here we demonstrate that a combination of infectious disease selection and reproductive selection can drive the evolution of KIR B-like haplotypes from a KIR A-like founder haplotype. Continued selection to survive and to reproduce maintains a balance between KIR A and KIR B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget S Penman
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Tinbergen Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX13PS, UK.
| | - Ashley Moffett
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Olympe Chazara
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Sunetra Gupta
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Tinbergen Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX13PS, UK
| | - Peter Parham
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94035, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94035, USA
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Braun K, Wolfe J, Kiazyk S, Kaushal Sharma M. Evaluation of host genetics on outcome of tuberculosis infection due to differences in killer immunoglobulin-like receptor gene frequencies and haplotypes. BMC Genet 2015; 16:63. [PMID: 26077983 PMCID: PMC4467048 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-015-0224-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Outcome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection is affected by virulence of the infecting strain of Mtb, host environment, co-morbidities, and the genetic composition of the host, specifically the presence or absence of genes involved in immune responses/regulation. It is hypothesized that specific killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes may be associated with Mtb infection and clinical outcome. This cross-sectional study examined the KIR gene frequencies, profiles, and haplotypes of individuals with active tuberculosis, latent tuberculosis infection, compared to TB and HIV negative healthy controls. Results Analysis of KIR gene frequencies revealed differences among disease status groups, suggesting that enrichment or depletion of specific KIR genes may direct the disease outcome. Mtb infected individuals were more likely to have a centromeric-AA haplotype compared to controls. Conclusion The differences in KIR gene frequencies and haplotypes may result in differential cytokine expression, contributing to different disease outcomes, and suggest a genetic influence on Mtb susceptibility and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kali Braun
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, 543-745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, R3E 0 J9, MB, Canada.
| | - Joyce Wolfe
- National Reference Centre for Mycobacteriology, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, R3E 3R2, MB, Canada.
| | - Sandra Kiazyk
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, 543-745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, R3E 0 J9, MB, Canada. .,National Reference Centre for Mycobacteriology, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, R3E 3R2, MB, Canada.
| | - Meenu Kaushal Sharma
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, 543-745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, R3E 0 J9, MB, Canada. .,National Reference Centre for Mycobacteriology, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, R3E 3R2, MB, Canada.
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