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Ait Oumghar I, Barkaoui A, Chabrand P, Ghazi AE, Jeanneau C, Guenoun D, Pivonka P. Experimental-based mechanobiological modeling of the anabolic and catabolic effects of breast cancer on bone remodeling. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2022; 21:1841-1856. [PMID: 36001274 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-022-01623-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Bone is a biological tissue characterized by its hierarchical organization. This material has the ability to be continually renewed, which makes it highly adaptative to external loadings. Bone renewing is managed by a dynamic biological process called bone remodeling (BR), where continuous resorption of old bone and formation of new bone permits to change the bone composition and microstructure. Unfortunately, because of several factors, such as age, hormonal imbalance, and a variety of pathologies including cancer metastases, this process can be disturbed leading to various bone diseases. In this study, we have investigated the effect of breast cancer (BC) metastases causing osteolytic bone loss. BC has the ability to affect bone quantity in different ways in each of its primary and secondary stages. Based on a BR mathematical model, we modeled the BC cells' interaction with bone cells to assess their effect on bone volume fraction (BV/TV) evolution during the remodeling process. Some of the parameters used in our model have been determined experimentally using the enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA) and the MTT assay. Our numerical simulations show that primary BC plays a significant role in enhancing bone-forming cells' activity leading to a 6.22% increase in BV/TV over 1 year. On the other hand, secondary BC causes a noticeable decrease in BV/TV reaching 15.74% over 2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Ait Oumghar
- LERMA Lab, Université Internationale de Rabat, Rocade Rabat Salé 11100, Rabat-Sala El Jadida, Morocco.,Université Aix-Marseille, ISM, 163 av. de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Abdelwahed Barkaoui
- LERMA Lab, Université Internationale de Rabat, Rocade Rabat Salé 11100, Rabat-Sala El Jadida, Morocco.
| | - Patrick Chabrand
- Université Aix-Marseille, ISM, 163 av. de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Abdellatif El Ghazi
- TIC Lab, Université Internationale de Rabat, Rocade Rabat Salé 11100, Rabat-Sala El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Charlotte Jeanneau
- Université Aix-Marseille, ISM, 163 av. de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Daphne Guenoun
- Université Aix-Marseille, ISM, 163 av. de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Peter Pivonka
- Biomechanics and Spine Research Group, Queensland University of Technology at the Centre for Children's Health Research, South Brisbane, 4101, QLD, Australia
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Pan S, Cesarek M, Godoy C, Co CM, Schindler C, Padilla K, Haskell A, Barreda H, Story C, Poole R, Dabney A, Gregory CA. Morpholino-driven blockade of Dkk-1 in osteosarcoma inhibits bone damage and tumour expansion by multiple mechanisms. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:43-55. [PMID: 35277659 PMCID: PMC9276700 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01764-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone malignancy. Chemotherapy plays an essential role in OS treatment, potentially doubling 5-year event-free survival if tumour necrosis can be stimulated. The canonical Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1) enhances OS survival in part through upregulation of aldehyde-dehydrogenase-1A1 which neutralises reactive oxygen species originating from nutritional stress and chemotherapeutic challenge.
Methods
A vivo morpholino (DkkMo) was employed to block the expression of Dkk-1 in OS cells. Cell mitosis, gene expression and bone destruction were measured in vitro and in vivo in the presence and absence of doxorubicin (DRB).
Results
DkkMo reduced the expression of Dkk-1 and Aldh1a1, reduced expansion of OS tumours, preserved bone volume and architecture and stimulated tumour necrosis. This was observed in the presence or absence of DRB.
Conclusion
These results indicate that administration of DkkMo with or without chemotherapeutics can substantially improve OS outcome with respect to tumour expansion and osteolytic corruption of bone in experimental OS model.
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Kolb AD, Shupp AB, Mukhopadhyay D, Marini FC, Bussard KM. Osteoblasts are "educated" by crosstalk with metastatic breast cancer cells in the bone tumor microenvironment. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21:31. [PMID: 30813947 PMCID: PMC6391840 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-019-1117-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In a cancer-free environment in the adult, the skeleton continuously undergoes remodeling. Bone-resorbing osteoclasts excavate erosion cavities, and bone-depositing osteoblasts synthesize osteoid matrix that forms new bone, with no net bone gain or loss. When metastatic breast cancer cells invade the bone, this balance is disrupted. Patients with bone metastatic breast cancer frequently suffer from osteolytic bone lesions that elicit severe bone pain and fractures. Bisphosphonate treatments are not curative. Under ideal circumstances, osteoblasts would synthesize new matrix to fill in erosion cavities caused by osteoclasts, but this is not what occurs. Our prior evidence demonstrated that osteoblasts are diverted from laying down bone matrix to producing cytokines that facilitate breast cancer cell maintenance in late-stage disease. Here, we have new evidence to suggest that there are subpopulations of osteoblasts in the tumor niche as evidenced by their protein marker expression that have distinct roles in tumor progression in the bone. METHODS Tumor-bearing tibia of mice was interrogated by immunofluorescent staining for the presence of osteoblasts and alterations in niche protein expression. De-identified tissue from patients with bone metastatic breast cancer was analyzed for osteoblast subpopulations via multi-plex immunofluorescent staining. Effects of breast cancer cells on osteoblasts were recapitulated in vitro by osteoblast exposure to breast cancer-conditioned medium. Triple-negative and estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer proliferation, cell cycle, and p21 expression were assessed upon contact with "educated" osteoblasts. RESULTS A subpopulation of osteoblasts was identified in the bone tumor microenvironment in vivo of both humans and mice with bone metastatic breast cancer that express RUNX2/OCN/OPN but is negative for IL-6 and alpha-smooth muscle actin. These tumor "educated" osteoblasts (EOs) have altered properties compared to "uneducated" osteoblasts and suppress both triple-negative and estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cell proliferation and increase cancer cell p21 expression. EO effects on breast cancer proliferation were mediated by NOV and decorin. Importantly, the presence of EO cells in the tibia of mice bearing tumors led to increased amounts of alkaline phosphatase and suppressed the expression of inflammatory cytokines in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our work reveals that there is a subpopulation of osteoblasts in the bone tumor microenvironment that demonstrate a functional role in retarding breast cancer cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexus D. Kolb
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Alison B. Shupp
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Dimpi Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Frank C. Marini
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Wake Forest University and Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Karen M. Bussard
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
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4
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Yang Y, Wang B. PTH1R-CaSR Cross Talk: New Treatment Options for Breast Cancer Osteolytic Bone Metastases. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:7120979. [PMID: 30151009 PMCID: PMC6087585 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7120979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer (BrCa) is currently incurable despite great improvements in treatment of primary BrCa. The incidence of skeletal metastases in advanced BrCa occurs up to 70%. Recent findings have established that the distribution of BrCa metastases to the skeleton is not a random process but due to the favorable microenvironment for tumor invasion and growth. The complex interplay among BrCa cells, stromal/osteoblastic cells, and osteoclasts in the osseous microenvironment creates a bone-tumor vicious cycle (a feed-forward loop) that results in excessive bone destruction and progressive tumor growth. Both the type 1 PTH receptor (PTH1R) and extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) participate in the vicious cycle and influence the skeletal metastatic niche. Thus, this review focuses on how the PTH1R and CaSR signaling pathways interact and contribute to the pathogenesis of BrCa bone metastases. The effects of intermittent PTH and allosteric modulators of CaSR for the use of bone-anabolic agents and prevention of BrCa bone metastases constitute a proof of principle for therapeutic consideration. Understanding the interplay between PTH1R and CaSR signaling in the development of BrCa bone metastases could lead to a novel therapeutic approach to control both osteolysis and tumor burden in the bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Yang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Bin Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review provides a summary of the current knowledge on Sost/sclerostin in cancers targeting the bone, discusses novel observations regarding its potential as a therapeutic approach to treat cancer-induced bone loss, and proposes future research needed to fully understand the potential of therapeutic approaches that modulate sclerostin function. RECENT FINDINGS Accumulating evidence shows that sclerostin expression is dysregulated in a number of cancers that target the bone. Further, new findings demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of sclerostin in preclinical models of multiple myeloma results in a robust prevention of bone loss and preservation of bone strength, without apparent effects on tumor growth. These data raise the possibility of targeting sclerostin for the treatment of cancer patients with bone metastasis. Sclerostin is emerging as a valuable target to prevent the bone destruction that accompanies the growth of cancer cells in the bone. Further studies will focus on combining anti-sclerostin therapy with tumor-targeted agents to achieve both beneficial skeletal outcomes and inhibition of tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M McDonald
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- St. Vincent's School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jesus Delgado-Calle
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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6
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Yu C, Wang H, Muscarella A, Goldstein A, Zeng HC, Bae Y, Lee BHI, Zhang XHF. Intra-iliac Artery Injection for Efficient and Selective Modeling of Microscopic Bone Metastasis. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27768029 DOI: 10.3791/53982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Intra-iliac artery (IIA) injection is an efficient approach to introduce metastatic lesions of various cancer cells in animals. Compared to the widely used intra-cardiac and intra-tibial injections, IIA injection brings several advantages. First, it can deliver a large quantity of cancer cells specifically to hind limb bones, thereby providing spatiotemporally synchronized early-stage colonization events and allowing robust quantification and swift detection of disseminated tumor cells. Second, it injects cancer cells into the circulation without damaging the local tissues, thereby avoiding inflammatory and wound-healing processes that confound the bone colonization process. Third, IIA injection causes very little metastatic growth in non-bone organs, thereby preventing animals from succumbing to other vital metastases, and allowing continuous monitoring of indolent bone lesions. These advantages are especially useful for the inspection of progression from single cancer cells to multi-cell micrometastases, which has largely been elusive in the past. When combined with cutting-edge approaches of biological imaging and bone histology, IIA injection can be applied to various research purposes related to bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuijuan Yu
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Hai Wang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Aaron Muscarella
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Amit Goldstein
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Huan-Chang Zeng
- Graduate Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Yangjin Bae
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Brendan H I Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Xiang H-F Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine; McNair Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine;
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Lynch ME, Chiou AE, Lee MJ, Marcott SC, Polamraju PV, Lee Y, Fischbach C. Three-Dimensional Mechanical Loading Modulates the Osteogenic Response of Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Tumor-Derived Soluble Signals. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 22:1006-15. [PMID: 27401765 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic mechanical loading is a strong anabolic signal in the skeleton, increasing osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and increasing the bone-forming activity of osteoblasts, but its role in bone metastatic cancer is relatively unknown. In this study, we integrated a hydroxyapatite-containing three-dimensional (3D) scaffold platform with controlled mechanical stimulation to investigate the effects of cyclic compression on the interplay between breast cancer cells and BM-MSCs as it pertains to bone metastasis. BM-MSCs cultured within mineral-containing 3D poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) scaffolds differentiated into mature osteoblasts, and exposure to tumor-derived soluble factors promoted this process. When BM-MSCs undergoing osteogenic differentiation were exposed to conditioned media collected from mechanically loaded breast cancer cells, their gene expression of osteopontin was increased. This was further enhanced when mechanical compression was simultaneously applied to BM-MSCs, leading to more uniformly deposited osteopontin within scaffold pores. These results suggest that mechanical loading of 3D scaffold-based culture models may be utilized to evaluate the role of physiologically relevant physical cues on bone metastatic breast cancer. Furthermore, our data imply that cyclic mechanical stimuli within the bone microenvironment modulate interactions between tumor cells and BM-MSCs that are relevant to bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen E Lynch
- 1 Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York.,2 Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Aaron E Chiou
- 1 Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York
| | - Min Joon Lee
- 1 Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York
| | - Stephen C Marcott
- 1 Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York
| | - Praveen V Polamraju
- 1 Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York
| | - Yeonkyung Lee
- 1 Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York
| | - Claudia Fischbach
- 1 Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York.,3 Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York
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8
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Das NM, Hatsell S, Nannuru K, Huang L, Wen X, Wang L, Wang LH, Idone V, Meganck JA, Murphy A, Economides A, Xie L. In Vivo Quantitative Microcomputed Tomographic Analysis of Vasculature and Organs in a Normal and Diseased Mouse Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150085. [PMID: 26910759 PMCID: PMC4765930 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-bone in vivo micro-CT imaging has many potential applications for preclinical evaluation. Specifically, the in vivo quantification of changes in the vascular network and organ morphology in small animals, associated with the emergence and progression of diseases like bone fracture, inflammation and cancer, would be critical to the development and evaluation of new therapies for the same. However, there are few published papers describing the in vivo vascular imaging in small animals, due to technical challenges, such as low image quality and low vessel contrast in surrounding tissues. These studies have primarily focused on lung, cardiovascular and brain imaging. In vivo vascular imaging of mouse hind limbs has not been reported. We have developed an in vivo CT imaging technique to visualize and quantify vasculature and organ structure in disease models, with the goal of improved quality images. With 1–2 minutes scanning by a high speed in vivo micro-CT scanner (Quantum CT), and injection of a highly efficient contrast agent (Exitron nano 12000), vasculature and organ structure were semi-automatically segmented and quantified via image analysis software (Analyze). Vessels of the head and hind limbs, and organs like the heart, liver, kidneys and spleen were visualized and segmented from density maps. In a mouse model of bone metastasis, neoangiogenesis was observed, and associated changes to vessel morphology were computed, along with associated enlargement of the spleen. The in vivo CT image quality, voxel size down to 20 μm, is sufficient to visualize and quantify mouse vascular morphology. With this technique, in vivo vascular monitoring becomes feasible for the preclinical evaluation of small animal disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanditha Mohan Das
- Department of Skeletal Diseases – Therapeutic Focus Areas, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York, United States of America
| | - Sarah Hatsell
- Department of Skeletal Diseases – Therapeutic Focus Areas, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York, United States of America
| | - Kalyan Nannuru
- Department of Skeletal Diseases – Therapeutic Focus Areas, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York, United States of America
| | - Lily Huang
- Department of Skeletal Diseases – Therapeutic Focus Areas, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York, United States of America
| | - Xialing Wen
- Department of Skeletal Diseases – Therapeutic Focus Areas, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York, United States of America
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Skeletal Diseases – Therapeutic Focus Areas, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York, United States of America
| | - Li-Hsien Wang
- Department of Skeletal Diseases – Therapeutic Focus Areas, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York, United States of America
| | - Vincent Idone
- Department of Skeletal Diseases – Therapeutic Focus Areas, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey A. Meganck
- Research and Development, PerkinElmer, Hopkinton, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Andrew Murphy
- Department of Skeletal Diseases – Therapeutic Focus Areas, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York, United States of America
| | - Aris Economides
- Department of Skeletal Diseases – Therapeutic Focus Areas, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York, United States of America
| | - LiQin Xie
- Department of Skeletal Diseases – Therapeutic Focus Areas, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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9
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Evans HR, Karmakharm T, Lawson MA, Walker RE, Harris W, Fellows C, Huggins ID, Richmond P, Chantry AD. Osteolytica: An automated image analysis software package that rapidly measures cancer-induced osteolytic lesions in in vivo models with greater reproducibility compared to other commonly used methods. Bone 2016; 83:9-16. [PMID: 26456145 PMCID: PMC4720217 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Methods currently used to analyse osteolytic lesions caused by malignancies such as multiple myeloma and metastatic breast cancer vary from basic 2-D X-ray analysis to 2-D images of micro-CT datasets analysed with non-specialised image software such as ImageJ. However, these methods have significant limitations. They do not capture 3-D data, they are time-consuming and they often suffer from inter-user variability. We therefore sought to develop a rapid and reproducible method to analyse 3-D osteolytic lesions in mice with cancer-induced bone disease. To this end, we have developed Osteolytica, an image analysis software method featuring an easy to use, step-by-step interface to measure lytic bone lesions. Osteolytica utilises novel graphics card acceleration (parallel computing) and 3-D rendering to provide rapid reconstruction and analysis of osteolytic lesions. To evaluate the use of Osteolytica we analysed tibial micro-CT datasets from murine models of cancer-induced bone disease and compared the results to those obtained using a standard ImageJ analysis method. Firstly, to assess inter-user variability we deployed four independent researchers to analyse tibial datasets from the U266-NSG murine model of myeloma. Using ImageJ, inter-user variability between the bones was substantial (±19.6%), in contrast to using Osteolytica, which demonstrated minimal variability (±0.5%). Secondly, tibial datasets from U266-bearing NSG mice or BALB/c mice injected with the metastatic breast cancer cell line 4T1 were compared to tibial datasets from aged and sex-matched non-tumour control mice. Analyses by both Osteolytica and ImageJ showed significant increases in bone lesion area in tumour-bearing mice compared to control mice. These results confirm that Osteolytica performs as well as the current 2-D ImageJ osteolytic lesion analysis method. However, Osteolytica is advantageous in that it analyses over the entirety of the bone volume (as opposed to selected 2-D images), it is a more rapid method and it has less user variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Evans
- Sheffield Myeloma Research Team, Department of Oncology, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
| | - T Karmakharm
- Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 4DP, UK.
| | - M A Lawson
- Sheffield Myeloma Research Team, Department of Oncology, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
| | - R E Walker
- Sheffield Myeloma Research Team, Department of Oncology, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
| | - W Harris
- Sheffield Myeloma Research Team, Department of Oncology, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
| | - C Fellows
- Sheffield Myeloma Research Team, Department of Oncology, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
| | - I D Huggins
- Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
| | - P Richmond
- Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 4DP, UK; Insigneo Institute for In silico Medicine, The Pam Liversige Building, Sir Frederick Mappin Building, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.
| | - A D Chantry
- Sheffield Myeloma Research Team, Department of Oncology, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; Department of Haematology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK; Insigneo Institute for In silico Medicine, The Pam Liversige Building, Sir Frederick Mappin Building, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.
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10
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Chih YP, Wu WT, Lin CL, Jou HJ, Huang YH, Chen LC, Chou LW. Vertebral Compression Fracture Related to Pancreatic Cancer With Osteoblastic Metastasis: A Case Report and Literature Review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2670. [PMID: 26844499 PMCID: PMC4748916 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Compression fracture of the vertebral body is common in the older patients. The possible etiology like osteoporosis or cancer metastasis should be included as a possibility in the differential diagnosis for severe back pain, to prevent delays in diagnosis and treatment. More severe fractures can cause significant pain, leading to inability to perform activities of daily living, and life-threatening in the older patient.We report a rare case of a 61-year-old man suffering from severe lower back pain and intermittent abdominal fullness. He came to our clinic, where muscle power was normal, but could not stand up or change posture because of severe back pain. Plain film and magnetic resonance imaging of lumbar spine both revealed osteoblastic lesion at L2 spine. Abdomen computed tomography showed a mass at the pancreatic body. The pancreatic cancer with osteoblastic metastasis was diagnosed. After receiving multimodality therapy such as percutaneous vertebroplasty and pain controlling, we provided effective palliation of symptoms, aggressive rehabilitation program, and better quality of life.Our case highlights the benefits of multidisciplinary cancer treatment for such patient, preventing the complications such as immobilization accompanied with adverse effects like musculoskeletal, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems. All clinicians should be informed of the clinical findings to provide patients with suitable therapies and surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Pin Chih
- From the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, China Medical University Hospital (Y-PC, WTW, C-LL, Y-HH, L-WC); School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University (C-LL, L-WC); Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kuang Tien General Hospital (H-JJ); Department of Nursing, Hungkuang University (H-JJ); and Department of Pathology, China Medical University Hospital (L-CC), Taichung, Taiwan
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11
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Kim B, Nam S, Lim JH, Lim JS. NDRG2 Expression Decreases Tumor-Induced Osteoclast Differentiation by Down-regulating ICAM1 in Breast Cancer Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2016; 24:9-18. [PMID: 26759696 PMCID: PMC4703347 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2015.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone matrix is properly maintained by osteoclasts and osteoblasts. In the tumor microenvironment, osteoclasts are increasingly differentiated by the various ligands and cytokines secreted from the metastasized cancer cells at the bone metastasis niche. The activated osteoclasts generate osteolytic lesions. For this reason, studies focusing on the differentiation of osteoclasts are important to reduce bone destruction by tumor metastasis. The N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) has been known to contribute to the suppression of tumor growth and metastasis, but the precise role of NDRG2 in osteoclast differentiation induced by cancer cells has not been elucidated. In this study, we demonstrate that NDRG2 expression in breast cancer cells has an inhibitory effect on osteoclast differentiation. RAW 264.7 cells, which are monocytic preosteoclast cells, treated with the conditioned media (CM) of murine breast cancer cells (4T1) expressing NDRG2 are less differentiated into the multinucleated osteoclast-like cells than those treated with the CM of 4T1-WT or 4T1-mock cells. Interestingly, 4T1 cells stably expressing NDRG2 showed a decreased mRNA and protein level of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1), which is known to enhance osteoclast maturation. Osteoclast differentiation was also reduced by ICAM1 knockdown in 4T1 cells. In addition, blocking the interaction between soluble ICAM1 and ICAM1 receptors significantly decreased osteoclastogenesis of RAW 264.7 cells in the tumor environment. Collectively, these results suggest that the reduction of ICAM1 expression by NDRG2 in breast cancer cells decreases osteoclast differentiation, and demonstrate that excessive bone resorption could be inhibited via ICAM1 down-regulation by NDRG2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bomi Kim
- Department of Biological Science and the Research Center for Women's Disease, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Sorim Nam
- Department of Biological Science and the Research Center for Women's Disease, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Lim
- Department of Biological Science and the Research Center for Women's Disease, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Seok Lim
- Department of Biological Science and the Research Center for Women's Disease, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
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Pagani S, Fini M, Giavaresi G, Salamanna F, Borsari V. The active role of osteoporosis in the interaction between osteoblasts and bone metastases. Bone 2015; 79:176-82. [PMID: 26057367 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To minimize the severity of bone metastases and to delay their onset, it is important to analyze the underlying biological mechanisms. The present study focused on the link between OP and metastatic cells, with particular attention to osteoblast behavior. METHODS Osteoblasts (OB) were isolated from the trabecular bone of iliac crest of healthy (SHAM) and ovariectomized (OVX) adult female rats and co-cultured with MRMT-1 rat breast carcinoma cells as conditioned medium (CM) or alone (CTR) for 24h, 7 and 14 days and tested for cell viability, morphology and synthetic activity, i.e. C-terminal procollagen type I, alkaline phosphatase, osteoprotegerin, receptor activator for nuclear factor KB ligand and interleukin-8. RESULTS Osteoblast morphology showed a reduced organization in the OVX group, in particular in the CM condition. Conversely, the analysis of cell viability revealed significantly higher values in the OVXCM group with respect to the SHAMCM group at all experimental times, whereas the OVXCTR group had significantly lower values at 7 and 14 days in comparison to those of the SHAM group. ALP release was significantly lower in the CM condition than that of CTR at all timepoints, and so was procollagen type I at 7 and 14 days. The RANKL/OPG ratio showed significantly higher values in OVX osteoblasts in comparison with those of the SHAM group, both in CTR and in CM conditions at each experimental time. Finally, OVXCM showed significantly higher values of IL-8 than those of SHAMCM at 7 and 14 days. CONCLUSIONS The results clearly indicate an influence of the metastatic cells on the osteoblastic physiology at different levels: morphology, viability, release of typical proteins, and also IL-8 as a proinflammatory cytokine, especially marked by osteoporosis. Further investigations might highlight the relationship between osteoblasts and breast cancer cells, which might be useful to improve common drugs used against osteoporosis and bone metastases, by enhancing the bone deposition/tumor progression ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Pagani
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy; Laboratory of Biocompatibility, Technological Innovations and Advanced Therapies, Department RIT Rizzoli, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Milena Fini
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy; Laboratory of Biocompatibility, Technological Innovations and Advanced Therapies, Department RIT Rizzoli, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianluca Giavaresi
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy; Laboratory of Biocompatibility, Technological Innovations and Advanced Therapies, Department RIT Rizzoli, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Salamanna
- Laboratory of Biocompatibility, Technological Innovations and Advanced Therapies, Department RIT Rizzoli, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Veronica Borsari
- Laboratory of Biocompatibility, Technological Innovations and Advanced Therapies, Department RIT Rizzoli, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
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13
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Hwang YS, Han SS, Kim KR, Ye-Jin L, Sun-Kyung L, Kwang-Kyun P, Won-Yoon C. Validating of the pre-clinical mouse model for metastatic breast cancer to the mandible. J Appl Oral Sci 2015; 23:3-8. [PMID: 25760261 PMCID: PMC4349112 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720140158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic breast carcinoma has a great tendency to spread to the mandible. It is concomitantly associated with bone destruction, food intake disorder, and a poorer prognosis. Appropriate animal models need to be developed for a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the metastatic process of breast cancer cells to mandible and to test the effects of potential lead compounds. Here, we assessed the metastasis model of intracardiac injection using luciferase-transfected metastatic breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231Luc+) by determining the incidences of metastasis, mCT images, and histopathological results. A high bioluminescence signal mainly detected mandibular lesions with less frequent distal femora and proximal tibiae lesions. Extensive mandibular bone destruction occurred in nude mice grafted with metastatic breast cancer cells. This type of animal model might be a useful tool in assessing therapeutic implications and the efficacy of anti-cancer drugs for osteolytic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Sun Hwang
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Sun Han
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Rim Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Lee Ye-Jin
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Lee Sun-Kyung
- Oral Cancer Research Institute, Department of Oral Biology, and BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Park Kwang-Kyun
- Oral Cancer Research Institute, Department of Oral Biology, and BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Won-Yoon
- Oral Cancer Research Institute, Department of Oral Biology, and BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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14
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Lynch ME, Fischbach C. Biomechanical forces in the skeleton and their relevance to bone metastasis: biology and engineering considerations. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 79-80:119-34. [PMID: 25174311 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bone metastasis represents the leading cause of breast cancer related-deaths. However, the effect of skeleton-associated biomechanical signals on the initiation, progression, and therapy response of breast cancer bone metastasis is largely unknown. This review seeks to highlight possible functional connections between skeletal mechanical signals and breast cancer bone metastasis and their contribution to clinical outcome. It provides an introduction to the physical and biological signals underlying bone functional adaptation and discusses the modulatory roles of mechanical loading and breast cancer metastasis in this process. Following a definition of biophysical design criteria, in vitro and in vivo approaches from the fields of bone biomechanics and tissue engineering that may be suitable to investigate breast cancer bone metastasis as a function of varied mechano-signaling will be reviewed. Finally, an outlook of future opportunities and challenges associated with this newly emerging field will be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen E Lynch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
| | - Claudia Fischbach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA; Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, USA.
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