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Erdoğan MŞ, Arpak ES, Keles CSK, Villagra F, Işık EÖ, Afşar N, Yucesoy CA, Mur LAJ, Akanyeti O, Saybaşılı H. Biochemical, biomechanical and imaging biomarkers of ischemic stroke: Time for integrative thinking. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:1789-1818. [PMID: 38221768 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of adult disability affecting millions of people worldwide. Post-stroke cognitive and motor impairments diminish quality of life and functional independence. There is an increased risk of having a second stroke and developing secondary conditions with long-term social and economic impacts. With increasing number of stroke incidents, shortage of medical professionals and limited budgets, health services are struggling to provide a care that can break the vicious cycle of stroke. Effective post-stroke recovery hinges on holistic, integrative and personalized care starting from improved diagnosis and treatment in clinics to continuous rehabilitation and support in the community. To improve stroke care pathways, there have been growing efforts in discovering biomarkers that can provide valuable insights into the neural, physiological and biomechanical consequences of stroke and how patients respond to new interventions. In this review paper, we aim to summarize recent biomarker discovery research focusing on three modalities (brain imaging, blood sampling and gait assessments), look at some established and forthcoming biomarkers, and discuss their usefulness and complementarity within the context of comprehensive stroke care. We also emphasize the importance of biomarker guided personalized interventions to enhance stroke treatment and post-stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esra Sümer Arpak
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cemre Su Kaya Keles
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Institute of Structural Mechanics and Dynamics in Aerospace Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Federico Villagra
- Department of Life Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Wales, UK
| | - Esin Öztürk Işık
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nazire Afşar
- Neurology, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Can A Yucesoy
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Luis A J Mur
- Department of Life Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Wales, UK
| | - Otar Akanyeti
- Department of Computer Science, Llandinam Building, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Hale Saybaşılı
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Pinto SN, Lerner A, Phung D, Barisano G, Chou B, Xu W, Sheikh-Bahaei N. Arterial Spin Labeling in Migraine: A Review of Migraine Categories and Mimics. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/11795735231160032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a complex headache characterized by changes in functional connectivity and cerebral perfusion. The perfusion changes represent a valuable domain for targeted drug therapy. Arterial spin labeling is a noncontrast imaging technique of quantifying cerebral perfusion changes in the migraine setting. In this narrative review, we will discuss the pathophysiology of the different categories of migraine, as defined by the International Classification of Headache Disorders-3 and describe a category-based approach to delineating perfusion changes in migraine on arterial spin labeling images. We will also discuss the use of arterial spin labeling to differentiate migraine from stroke and/or seizures in the adult and pediatric populations. Our systematic approach will help improve the understanding of the complicated vascular changes that occur during migraines and identify potential areas of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soniya N Pinto
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Alexander Lerner
- University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Phung
- University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Giuseppe Barisano
- University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brendon Chou
- University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wilson Xu
- University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nasim Sheikh-Bahaei
- University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Lee TJ, Roh HG, Kim HJ, Jeon YS, Ki HJ, Park JJ, Lee HJ, Lee JS, Choi JW, Ryu SY, Jung YJ, Lee SB. Prognostic value of collateral perfusion estimation by arterial spin labeling for acute anterior circulation ischemic stroke. Neuroradiology 2023; 65:1695-1705. [PMID: 37837481 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-023-03233-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to verify the value of arterial spin labeling (ASL) collateral perfusion estimation for predicting functional outcomes in acute anterior circulation ischemic stroke. METHODS This secondary analysis of an ongoing prospective observational study included data from participants with acute ischemic stroke due to steno-occlusion of the internal carotid artery and/or the middle cerebral artery within 8 h of symptom onset. We compared the collateral map, which is a 5-phase collateral imaging derived from dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography, and ASL to validate the ASL collateral perfusion estimation. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify independent predictors of favorable functional outcomes. RESULTS One hundred forty-eight participants (68 ± 13 years, 96 men) were evaluated. The ASL collateral perfusion grade was positively correlated with the collateral perfusion grade of the collateral map (P < .001). Younger age (OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.36-0.78, P = .002), lower baseline NIHSS score (OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.78-0.92, P < .001), intermediate ASL collateral perfusion grade (OR = 4.02, 95% CI = 1.43-11.26, P = .008), good ASL collateral perfusion grade (OR = 26.37, 95% CI = 1.06-655.01, P = .046), and successful reperfusion (OR = 5.84, 95% CI = 2.08-16.42, P < .001) were independently associated with favorable functional outcomes. CONCLUSION ASL collateral perfusion estimation provides prognostic information, which can be helpful in guiding management decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taek-Jun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 64 Daeheung-Ro, Jung-Gu, Daejeon, 34943, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Gee Roh
- Department of Radiology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Kim
- Department of Radiology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Sung Jeon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jong Ki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Jin Park
- Department of Neurology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Jin Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sung Lee
- Clinical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Choi
- Department of Radiology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Young Ryu
- Department of Neurology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 64 Daeheung-Ro, Jung-Gu, Daejeon, 34943, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jin Jung
- Department of Neurology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 64 Daeheung-Ro, Jung-Gu, Daejeon, 34943, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Bong Lee
- Department of Neurology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 64 Daeheung-Ro, Jung-Gu, Daejeon, 34943, Republic of Korea.
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Peer S, Singh P. Intraluminal arterial transit artifact as a predictor of intracranial large artery stenosis on 3D time of flight MR angiography: Expanding the application of arterial spin labeling MRI in ischemic stroke. J Clin Imaging Sci 2023; 13:17. [PMID: 37405363 PMCID: PMC10316254 DOI: 10.25259/jcis_27_2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of "intraluminal arterial transit artifact" in the prediction of intracranial large artery stenosis and to determine if this finding is predictive of ischemic stroke in the territory of the involved artery. Material and Methods The presence of arterial transit artifact (ATA) within the lumen of an intracranial large vessel was noted on three-dimensional time of flight (3D-TOF) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) (ATA group). The patients with stenosis but with no ATA (no-ATA group), patients with total occlusion (total occlusion group), and patients with no stenosis/occlusion (normal group) were included in the analysis. Results There were four groups of patients included in the final analysis, the ATA group (n = 22), the no-ATA group (n = 23), the normal group (n = 25), and the total occlusion group (n = 9). Among patients with any demonstrable stenosis (n = 45), the presence of ATA within the stenotic segment was predictive of stenosis of ≥56% (Sensitivity of 100% [85.2-100, 95% CI], specificity of 100% [86.4-100, 95% CI]), with area under curve of 1.0 (0.92-.0, 95% CI). The presence of intra-arterial ATA signal was significantly associated with ischemic stroke as compared with the no-ATA group (86.36% vs. 26.08%, P = 0.0003). Intraluminal ATA was found to be an independent predictor of infarction in the territory of the involved artery. Conclusion Intraluminal ATA is predictive of stenosis of at least 56% in the involved artery on 3D-TOF MRA. Intraluminal ATA sign may be an independent predictor of infarction in the territory of the involved artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Peer
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Paramdeep Singh
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, India
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Harrar DB, Sun LR, Segal JB, Lee S, Sansevere AJ. Neuromonitoring in Children with Cerebrovascular Disorders. Neurocrit Care 2023; 38:486-503. [PMID: 36828980 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-023-01689-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebrovascular disorders are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children. The acute care of a child with an ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke or cerebral sinus venous thrombosis focuses on stabilizing the patient, determining the cause of the insult, and preventing secondary injury. Here, we review the use of both invasive and noninvasive neuromonitoring modalities in the care of pediatric patients with arterial ischemic stroke, nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage, and cerebral sinus venous thrombosis. METHODS Narrative review of the literature on neuromonitoring in children with cerebrovascular disorders. RESULTS Neuroimaging, near-infrared spectroscopy, transcranial Doppler ultrasonography, continuous and quantitative electroencephalography, invasive intracranial pressure monitoring, and multimodal neuromonitoring may augment the acute care of children with cerebrovascular disorders. Neuromonitoring can play an essential role in the early identification of evolving injury in the aftermath of arterial ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, or sinus venous thrombosis, including recurrent infarction or infarct expansion, new or recurrent hemorrhage, vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia, status epilepticus, and intracranial hypertension, among others, and this, is turn, can facilitate real-time adjustments to treatment plans. CONCLUSIONS Our understanding of pediatric cerebrovascular disorders has increased dramatically over the past several years, in part due to advances in the neuromonitoring modalities that allow us to better understand these conditions. We are now poised, as a field, to take advantage of advances in neuromonitoring capabilities to determine how best to manage and treat acute cerebrovascular disorders in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana B Harrar
- Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Lisa R Sun
- Divisions of Pediatric Neurology and Vascular Neurology, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J Bradley Segal
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Lee
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Arnold J Sansevere
- Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
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Seifert K, Heit JJ. Collateral Blood Flow and Ischemic Core Growth. Transl Stroke Res 2023; 14:13-21. [PMID: 35699917 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01051-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of a large vessel occlusion in the acute ischemic stroke setting focuses on vessel recanalization, and endovascular thrombectomy results in favorable outcomes in appropriate candidates. Expeditious treatment is imperative, but patients often present to institutions that do not have neurointerventional surgeons and need to be transferred to a comprehensive stroke center. These treatment delays are common, and it is important to identify factors that mitigate the progression of the ischemic core in order to maximize the preservation of salvageable brain tissue. Collateral blood flow is the strongest factor known to influence ischemic core growth, which includes the input arterial vessels, tissue-level vessels, and venous outflow. Collateral blood flow at these different levels may be imaged by specific imaging techniques that may also predict ischemic core growth during treatment delays and help identify patients who would benefit from transfer and endovascular therapy, as well as identify those patients in whom transfer may be futile. Here we review collateral blood flow and its relationship to ischemic core growth in stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Seifert
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy J Heit
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Radiology and Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 453 Quarry Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
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Daftari Besheli L, Ahmed A, Hamam O, Luna L, Sun LR, Urrutia V, Hillis AE, Tekes-Brady A, Yedavalli V. Arterial Spin Labeling technique and clinical applications of the intracranial compartment in stroke and stroke mimics - A case-based review. Neuroradiol J 2022; 35:437-453. [PMID: 35635512 PMCID: PMC9437493 DOI: 10.1177/19714009221098806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging perfusion (MRP) techniques can improve the selection of acute ischemic stroke patients for treatment by estimating the salvageable area of decreased perfusion, that is, penumbra. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a noncontrast MRP technique that is used to assess cerebral blood flow without the use of intravenous gadolinium contrast. Thus, ASL is of particular interest in stroke imaging. This article will review clinical applications of ASL in stroke such as assessment of the core infarct and penumbra, localization of the vascular occlusion, and collateral status. Given the nonspecific symptoms that patients can present with, differentiating between stroke and a stroke mimic is a diagnostic dilemma. ASL not only helps in differentiating stroke from stroke mimic but also can be used to specify the exact mimic when used in conjunction with the symptomatology and structural imaging. In addition to a case-based overview of clinical applications of the ASL in stroke and stroke mimics in this article, the more commonly used ASL labeling techniques as well as emerging ASL techniques, future developments, and limitations will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amara Ahmed
- Florida State University College of
Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Omar Hamam
- Johns Hopkins School of
Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Licia Luna
- Johns Hopkins School of
Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lisa R Sun
- Johns Hopkins School of
Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Argye E Hillis
- Johns Hopkins University School of
Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Gopinath G, Aslam M, Anusha P. Role of Magnetic Resonance Perfusion Imaging in Acute Stroke: Arterial Spin Labeling Versus Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast-Enhanced Perfusion. Cureus 2022; 14:e23625. [PMID: 35494896 PMCID: PMC9049761 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.23625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The role of perfusion neuroimaging in managing cases of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is to identify ischemic penumbra and regions of hypo-perfusion, which can be salvaged. Dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion imaging techniques have been the main magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) perfusion techniques used to identify AIS. Arterial spin labelling (ASL) is an alternative non-invasive perfusion technique, which permits tissue perfusion measurement without any need for administration of exogenous contrast agents. The objective was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of ASL perfusion MRI versus DSC enhanced perfusion MRI in detecting perfusion-diffusion mismatch of varying volumes in acute ischemic stroke. Materials and methods: A hospital-based observational cross-sectional study was done in a tertiary care institute in Tamil Nadu between December 2018 to October 2019. Fifty-five subjects aged more than 18 years referred to the Radio-diagnosis department (less than 24 hours since the onset of weakness) for emergency assessment of suspected acute stroke were subjected to MRI stroke scan protocol. Then AIS cases were evaluated with ASL and DSC perfusion-weighted imaging. The collected data was entered in Excel (Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA). IBM SPSS version 22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) was used for statistical analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was done to assess the predictive validity of ASL in predicting DSC mismatch. The diagnostic accuracy of ASL was the primary outcome variable. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Forty-four subjects confirmed as stroke were included in the final analysis. Their mean (±SD) age was 53.84 (±10.80) years. 72.7% were males. The majority (53.8%) presented during the acute stage of cerebral infarction (53.8%). The majority (45.5%) had hemiplegia followed by aphasia (27.3%). The major vascular territory involved was the middle cerebral artery (54.5%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of ASL (non-contrast) in predicting DSC (contrast) mismatch was found to be 71.43%, 78.57%, 83.33%, and 64.71% respectively. Conclusion: ASL MR has the potential to replace MRI DSC perfusion in the future imaging diagnostic work-up for stroke. However, further studies are required to validate its role as the first-line imaging for stroke therapy.
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Perfusion Defects and Collateral Flow Patterns in Acute Small Subcortical Infarction: a 4D Dynamic MRI Study. Transl Stroke Res 2021; 13:399-409. [PMID: 34648143 PMCID: PMC9046333 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-021-00953-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The hemodynamic changes of acute small subcortical infarction (SSI) are not well understood. We evaluate the hemodynamic changes and collaterals in acute SSI using perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A total of 103 patients with acute SSI in penetrating artery territories were recruited and underwent MRI within 24 h of stroke onset. Using 4D dynamic perfusion MRI, they were divided into three patterns: 25 (24%) with normal perfusion, 31 (30%) with compensated perfusion, and 47 (46%) with hypoperfusion. The development of anterograde or retrograde collaterals was also evaluated. Patients with hypoperfusion pattern had the highest rate of early neurological deterioration (32%, p = 0.007), the largest initial and final infarction volumes (p < 0.001 and p = 0.029), the lowest relative cerebral blood flow (0.63, p < 0.001), and the lowest rate of anterograde and retrograde collaterals (19%, p < 0.001; 66%, p = 0.002). The anterograde collaterals were associated with higher relative cerebral blood volume (0.91 vs. 0.77; p = 0.024) and a higher rate of deep cerebral microbleeds (48 vs. 21%; p = 0.028), whereas retrograde collaterals were associated with higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.031 and 0.020), smaller initial infarction volume (0.81 vs. 1.34 ml, p = 0.031), and a higher rate of lobar cerebral microbleeds (30 vs. 0%; p = 0.013). Both anterograde and retrograde collaterals may play a critical role in maintaining cerebral perfusion and can have an impact on patient clinical outcomes. Further studies are warranted to verify these findings and to investigate effective treatments.
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Yan L, Park HR, Kezirian EJ, Yook S, Kim JH, Joo EY, Kim H. Altered regional cerebral blood flow in obstructive sleep apnea is associated with sleep fragmentation and oxygen desaturation. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:2712-2724. [PMID: 33906511 PMCID: PMC8504950 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211012109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Altered cerebral perfusion has been reported in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Using dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI, we compared cerebral perfusion between male OSA patients and male healthy reference subjects and assessed correlations of perfusion abnormalities of OSA patients with sleep parameters and neuropsychological deficits at 3 T MRI, polysomnography and neuropsychological tests in 68 patients with OSA and 21 reference subjects. We found lower global and regional cerebral blood flow and cerebral blood volume, localized mainly in bilateral parietal and prefrontal cortices, as well as multiple focal cortical and deep structures related to the default mode network and attention network. In the correlation analysis between regional hypoperfusion and parameters of polysomnography, different patterns of regional hypoperfusion were distinctively associated with parameters of intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation, which involved mainly parietal and orbitofrontal cortices, respectively. There was no association between brain perfusion and cognition in OSA patients in areas where significant association was observed in reference subjects, largely overlapping with nodes of the default mode network and attention network. Our results suggest that impaired cerebral perfusion in important areas of functional networks could be an important pathomechanism of neurocognitive deficits in OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Yan
- Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hea Ree Park
- Department of Neurology, Inje University College of Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eric J Kezirian
- USC Caruso, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Soonhyun Yook
- Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jae-Hun Kim
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Yeon Joo
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hosung Kim
- Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Liu J, Lin C, Minuti A, Lipton M. Arterial spin labeling compared to dynamic susceptibility contrast MR perfusion imaging for assessment of ischemic penumbra: A systematic review. J Neuroimaging 2021; 31:1067-1076. [PMID: 34388271 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MR imaging is commonly used to estimate penumbra size in acute ischemic stroke; this technique relies on the administration of gadolinium contrast, which has limited use in certain populations, such as those with impaired renal function or allergies. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a relatively new technique that can provide information on cerebral perfusion without need for exogenous contrast agents. This systematic review examines published studies that specifically compared ASL to DSC for assessment of ischemic penumbra. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library for papers which compared ASL with DSC for assessment of ischemic penumbra in acute ischemic stroke among adult human populations. Two independent reviewers screened studies using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Study characteristics and findings regarding the utility of ASL compared to DSC for identification of penumbra were then extracted and anlyzed for results and risk of bias. RESULTS Seventeen articles met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Studies compared ASL with DSC on a range of metrics (hypoperfusion, hyperperfusion, mismatch, and reperfusion). Most studies concluded that agreement of ASL with DSC was moderate to very high. A small subset of studies found discrepancy in agreement of ASL with DSC for size or location of perfusion abnormalities. A heterogeneity of perfusion parameters studied for DSC was noted, along with the need for more standardization of research methods. CONCLUSION ASL shows moderate to high agreement with DSC for detection of penumbra among ischemic stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Liu
- The Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Christopher Lin
- The Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Aurelia Minuti
- The D. Samuel Gottesman Library, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Michael Lipton
- The Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA.,Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA.,The Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
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12
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Waqar M, Lewis D, Agushi E, Gittins M, Jackson A, Coope D. Cerebral and tumoral blood flow in adult gliomas: a systematic review of results from magnetic resonance imaging. Br J Radiol 2021; 94:20201450. [PMID: 34106749 PMCID: PMC9327770 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20201450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Blood flow is the rate of blood movement and relevant to numerous processes, though understudied in gliomas. The aim of this review was to pool blood flow metrics obtained from MRI modalities in adult supratentorial gliomas. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane database were queried 01/01/2000–31/12/2019. Studies measuring blood flow in adult Grade II–IV supratentorial gliomas using dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MRI, dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) or arterial spin labelling (ASL) were included. Absolute and relative cerebral blood flow (CBF), peritumoral blood flow and tumoral blood flow (TBF) were reported. Results: 34 studies were included with 1415 patients and 1460 scans. The mean age was 52.4 ± 7.3 years. Most patients had glioblastoma (n = 880, 64.6%). The most common imaging modality was ASL (n = 765, 52.4%) followed by DSC (n = 538, 36.8%). Most studies were performed pre-operatively (n = 1268, 86.8%). With increasing glioma grade (II vs IV), TBF increased (70.8 vs 145.5 ml/100 g/min, p < 0.001) and CBF decreased (85.3 vs 49.6 ml/100 g/min, p < 0.001). In Grade IV gliomas, following treatment, CBF increased in ipsilateral (24.9 ± 1.2 vs 26.1 ± 0.0 ml/100 g/min, p < 0.001) and contralateral white matter (25.6 ± 0.2 vs 26.0± 0.0 ml/100 g/min, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that increased mass effect from high-grade gliomas impairs blood flow within the surrounding brain that can improve with surgery. Advances in knowledge: This systematic review demonstrates how mass effect from brain tumours impairs blood flow in the surrounding brain parenchyma that can improve with treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mueez Waqar
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, Manchester, UK.,Department of Neurosurgery, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Daniel Lewis
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, Manchester, UK.,Department of Neurosurgery, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Erjon Agushi
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, Manchester, UK.,Department of Neurosurgery, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Matthew Gittins
- Department of Biostatistics, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research& Primary Care, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Alan Jackson
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, Manchester, UK.,Department of Neuroradiology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - David Coope
- Department of Neurosurgery, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK.,Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, Manchester, UK
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13
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Zameer S, Siddiqui AS, Riaz R. Multimodality Imaging in Acute Ischemic Stroke. Curr Med Imaging 2021; 17:567-577. [PMID: 33256582 DOI: 10.2174/1573405616666201130094948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the most common cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The prognosis of stroke depends upon the area affected and its early treatment. Time is of the essence in the care of stroke patients as it is estimated that approximately 1.9 million neurons, 14 billion synapses, and 12 km myelinated nerve fibers are lost per minute. Therefore, early diagnosis and prompt treatment are necessary. The primary goal of imaging in acute stroke is to diagnose the underlying cause, estimate the area affected, predict response towards thrombolytic therapy and to exclude the conditions mimicking stroke. With advancements in radiology, multiple imaging modalities are available for diagnosis and predicting prognosis. None of them is considered alone to be perfect. In this era of multimodality imaging, the decision of choosing appropriate techniques depends upon purpose and availability. Non-Contrast Computed Tomography is time effective, and helps in excluding other causes, Trans Cranial Doppler is time-effective and cost-effective with wide availability, however, is operator dependent and less sensitive. It holds a great future in sonothrombolysis. Magnetic Resonance Imaging is so far considered to be the most superior one in terms of early diagnosis, planning for interventional treatment and predicting the response of treatment. However, it is limited due to high cost and lack of availability. The current review gives a detailed account of all imaging modalities available for imaging stroke and their associated pros and cons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahla Zameer
- Department of Radiology, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Ramish Riaz
- Department of Radiology, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
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14
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Ter Schiphorst A, Charron S, Hassen WB, Provost C, Naggara O, Benzakoun J, Seners P, Turc G, Baron JC, Oppenheim C. Tissue no-reflow despite full recanalization following thrombectomy for anterior circulation stroke with proximal occlusion: A clinical study. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:253-266. [PMID: 32960688 PMCID: PMC8370008 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20954929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite early thrombectomy, a sizeable fraction of acute stroke patients with large vessel occlusion have poor outcome. The no-reflow phenomenon, i.e. impaired microvascular reperfusion despite complete recanalization, may contribute to such "futile recanalizations". Although well reported in animal models, no-reflow is still poorly characterized in man. From a large prospective thrombectomy database, we included all patients with intracranial proximal occlusion, complete recanalization (modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction score 2c-3), and availability of both baseline and 24 h follow-up MRI including arterial spin labeling perfusion mapping. No-reflow was operationally defined as i) hypoperfusion ≥40% relative to contralateral homologous region, assessed with both visual (two independent investigators) and automatic image analysis, and ii) infarction on follow-up MRI. Thirty-three patients were eligible (median age: 70 years, NIHSS: 18, and stroke onset-to-recanalization delay: 208 min). The operational criteria were met in one patient only, consistently with the visual and automatic analyses. This patient recanalized 160 min after stroke onset and had excellent functional outcome. In our cohort of patients with complete and stable recanalization following thrombectomy for intracranial proximal occlusion, severe ipsilateral hypoperfusion on follow-up imaging associated with newly developed infarction was a rare occurrence. Thus, no-reflow may be infrequent in human stroke and may not substantially contribute to futile recanalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Ter Schiphorst
- INSERM U1266, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Neurology, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvain Charron
- INSERM U1266, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Neuroradiology, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Wagih Ben Hassen
- INSERM U1266, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Neuroradiology, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Corentin Provost
- INSERM U1266, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Neuroradiology, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Naggara
- INSERM U1266, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Neuroradiology, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Joseph Benzakoun
- INSERM U1266, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Neuroradiology, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Seners
- INSERM U1266, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Neurology, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Turc
- INSERM U1266, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Neurology, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Claude Baron
- INSERM U1266, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Neurology, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Oppenheim
- INSERM U1266, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Neuroradiology, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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15
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Xiao B, Wang P, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Ye Z. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma perfusion MRI: Comparison of arterial spin labeling and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20503. [PMID: 32481470 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the feasibility of 3D arterial spin labeling (ASL) as an alternative to dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) perfusion.Fifty-two newly diagnosed NPC patients underwent 3D ASL and DCE-MRI scans on a 3.0-T MRI system. The visual qualitative evaluation of the NPC perfusion level was scored from 0 to 3 (0 = no contrast to normal peripheral soft tissue, 3 = pronounced contrast to normal peripheral soft tissue). The visual evaluation of the NPC outline was scored from 0 to 2 (0 = very vague outline, 2 = clear outline). Comparisons of the ASL-derived blood flow (BF) with the DCE-MRI-derived positive enhancement integral, maximum slope of increase, maximum slope of decrease, and time to peak (TTP) were conducted between NPC and non-NPC areas with independent samples t-tests. The diagnostic performance of these parameters was assessed by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The correlations between ASL BF and DCE parameters were assessed by Spearman correlation analysis.There was no difference in the visual scores of the NPC perfusion level between the 2 perfusion methods (P= .963). ASL had a lower visual score for describing the outline of NPC than DCE-MRI (P < .001). The ASL and DCE parameters of the NPC areas were significantly different from those of the non-NPC areas (P < .001). The ASL BF showed the largest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.936 for identifying NPC. When all NPC and non-NPC areas were taken into account, significant correlations were observed between the ASL BF and the DCE parameters positive enhancement integral (r = 0.503, P < .001), maximum slope of increase (r = 0.616, P < .001), maximum slope of decrease (r = 0.380, P < .001), and TTP (r = -0.601, P < .001).3D ASL could reveal the hyperperfusion of NPC in a qualitative and quantitative manner without using contrast agent. Additionally, the ASL BF correlated significantly with the semiquantitative DCE-MRI parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peiguo Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
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Nomura T, Okamoto K, Igarashi H, Watanabe M, Hasegawa H, Oishi M, Fujii Y. Vascular Hyperintensity on Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery Indicates the Severity of Hypoperfusion in Acute Stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2019; 29:104467. [PMID: 31767525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.104467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Although fluid-attenuated inversion recovery vascular hyperintensities may be frequently seen in acute large-artery ischemic stroke, reports on their prognostic utility had been conflicting due to lack of quantitative evaluation of the perfusion status based on the signal intensity. We hypothesized that greater hyperintensity represents more severe hypoperfusion. METHODS Overall, 27 patients with acute occlusion of the proximal middle cerebral artery were divided into 2 groups, based on their signal intensity in the insular segment of middle cerebral artery on the affected side, relative to that of the insular cortex: the low signal intensity group (hypo- or isointense signals, n = 12) and the high signal intensity group (hyperintense signals, n = 15). Using dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging, we assessed the time of the maximum value of the residue function and mean transit time, in the entire middle cerebral artery cortical area and diffusion-weighted imaging-Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score regions, including the corona radiata. RESULTS The high signal intensity group had significantly longer time of the maximum value of the residue function in all the diffusion-weighted imaging-Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score regions, except the M3 and M6 regions, and significantly longer mean transit time in the M1 and M4 regions. CONCLUSIONS Quantitative analysis of the perfusion parameters revealed more severely compromised and widely disturbed perfusion status in the high signal intensity group than in the low signal intensity group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiharu Nomura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan; Center for Integrated Brain Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kouichirou Okamoto
- Department of Translational Research, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hironaka Igarashi
- Center for Integrated Brain Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masato Watanabe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kuwana Hospital,Higashi-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hasegawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Makoto Oishi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Fujii
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan.
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Nam KW, Kim CK, Ko SB, Yoon BW, Yoo RE, Sohn CH. Regional Arterial Spin Labeling Perfusion Defect Is Associated With Early Ischemic Recurrence in Patients With a Transient Ischemic Attack. Stroke 2019; 51:186-192. [PMID: 31718505 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.119.026556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose- With the lack of confirmatory examinations, the distinction of a transient ischemic attack (TIA) from various TIA-mimicking diseases is difficult, particularly in diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)-negative TIAs. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion defects and early ischemic recurrence (FU-DWI [+]) in patients with DWI-negative TIAs. Methods- We assessed consecutive patients with a DWI-negative TIA within 24 hours of symptom onset, who underwent both ASL images and follow-up magnetic resonance imaging during the acute period. As markers of the ASL images, we evaluated the ASL perfusion defects in each hemisphere. Arterial transit artifact (ATA) and intraarterial high-intensity signal (IAS) were also rated as markers of collateral status and blood stagnation due to large vessel occlusion, respectively. Results- Among the 136 patients with a DWI-negative TIA, 33 patients had FU-DWI (+) lesions in 36 hemispheres. In the multivariable analysis, ASL defects remained an independent predictor of FU-DWI (+) (adjusted odds ratio, 13.94 [95% CI, 5.77-33.70], P<0.001). In the evaluation of the interactive relationship between ASL defects and ATA/IAS, the (ASL [+] ATA [-]) group showed the highest frequencies of FU-DWI (+) events (55.6%) with the highest adjusted odds ratio values (adjusted odds ratio, 14.86 [95% CI, 5.63-39.24], P<0.001), indicating a negative synergistic effect between the ASL defects and ATA. Meanwhile, the (ASL [+] IAS [+]) group showed higher frequencies of FU-DWI (+) and higher adjusted odds ratio values than those of the (ASL [+] IAS [-]) and (ASL [-] IAS [-]) groups, indicating a positive synergistic effect. Conclusions- We demonstrated that ASL perfusion defects were associated with ipsilateral FU-DWI (+) in patients with a DWI-negative TIA. Furthermore, this association was enhanced with IASs and attenuated with ATAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Woong Nam
- From the Department of Neurology (K.-W.N., S.-B.K., B.-W.Y.), Seoul National University Hospital, Korea.,Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea (K.-W.N., S.-B.K., B.-W.Y., C.-H.S.)
| | - Chi Kyung Kim
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul (C.K.K.).,Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul (C.K.K.)
| | - Sang-Bae Ko
- From the Department of Neurology (K.-W.N., S.-B.K., B.-W.Y.), Seoul National University Hospital, Korea.,Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea (K.-W.N., S.-B.K., B.-W.Y., C.-H.S.)
| | - Byung-Woo Yoon
- From the Department of Neurology (K.-W.N., S.-B.K., B.-W.Y.), Seoul National University Hospital, Korea.,Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea (K.-W.N., S.-B.K., B.-W.Y., C.-H.S.)
| | - Roh-Eul Yoo
- Department of Radiology (R.-E.Y., C.-H.S.), Seoul National University Hospital, Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Sohn
- Department of Radiology (R.-E.Y., C.-H.S.), Seoul National University Hospital, Korea.,Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea (K.-W.N., S.-B.K., B.-W.Y., C.-H.S.)
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18
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Lee S, Heit JJ, Albers GW, Wintermark M, Jiang B, Bernier E, Fischbein NJ, Mlynash M, Marks MP, Do HM, Dodd RL. Neuroimaging selection for thrombectomy in pediatric stroke: a single-center experience. J Neurointerv Surg 2019; 11:940-946. [DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2019-014862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundThe extended time window for endovascular therapy in adult stroke represents an opportunity for stroke treatment in children for whom diagnosis may be delayed. However, selection criteria for pediatric thrombectomy has not been defined.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of patients aged <18 years presenting within 24 hours of acute large vessel occlusion. Patient consent was waived by our institutional IRB. Patient data derived from our institutional stroke database was compared between patients with good and poor outcome using Fisher’s exact test, t-test, or Mann-Whitney U-test.ResultsTwelve children were included: 8/12 (66.7%) were female, mean age 9.7±5.0 years, median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) 11.5 (IQR 10–14). Stroke etiology was cardioembolic in 75%, dissection in 16.7%, and cryptogenic in 8.3%. For 2/5 with perfusion imaging, Tmax >4 s appeared to better correlate with NIHSS. Nine patients (75%) were treated: seven underwent thrombectomy alone; one received IV alteplase and thrombectomy, and one received IV alteplase alone. Favorable outcome was achieved in 78% of treated patients versus 0% of untreated patients (P=0.018). All untreated patients had poor outcome, with death (n=2) or severe disability (n=1) at follow-up. Among treated patients, older children (12.8±2.9 vs 4.2±5.0 years, P=0.014) and children presenting as outpatient (100% vs 0%, P=0.028) appeared to have better outcomes.ConclusionsPerfusion imaging is feasible in pediatric stroke and may help identify salvageable tissue in extended time windows, though penumbral thresholds may differ from adult values. Further studies are needed to define criteria for thrombectomy in this unique population.
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19
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Mora Álvarez MG, Stobbe RW, Beaulieu C. High resolution continuous arterial spin labeling of human cerebral perfusion using a separate neck tagging RF coil. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215998. [PMID: 31022257 PMCID: PMC6483248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For standard clinical applications, ASL images are typically acquired with 4–8 mm thick slices and 3–4 mm in-plane resolution. However, in this paper we demonstrate that high-resolution continuous arterial spin labeling (CASL) perfusion images can be acquired in a clinically relevant scan time using current MRI technology. CASL was implemented with a separate neck coil for labeling the arterial blood on a 4.7T MRI using standard axial 2D GE-EPI. Typical-resolution to high-resolution (voxels of 95, 60, 45, 27, or 7 mm3) images were compared for qualitative and quantitative cerebral blood flow analysis (CBF) in nine healthy volunteers (ages: 24–32 years). The highest resolution (1.5x1.5x3 = 7 mm3) CASL implementation yielded perfusion images with improved cortex depiction and increased cortical CBF measurements (53 ± 8 ml/100g/min), consistent with reduced partial volume averaging. The 7 mm3 voxel images were acquired with 6 cm brain coverage in a clinically relevant scan of 6 minutes. Improved spatial resolution facilitates CBF measurement with reduced partial volume averaging and may be valuable for the detection of perfusion deficits in small lesions and perfusion measurement in small brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Guadalupe Mora Álvarez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Robert Wayne Stobbe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christian Beaulieu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Park YK, Kim JH, Choi SJ, Kim ST, Joo EY. Altered Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Associated with Mood and Sleep in Shift Workers: Cerebral Perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. J Clin Neurol 2019; 15:438-447. [PMID: 31591830 PMCID: PMC6785470 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2019.15.4.438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Shift work disrupts the body's circadian rhythms and increases the risk of health problems. Despite evidence of neuropsychological disturbances in shift workers (SW), the brain functional status as measured by brain perfusion in chronic shift work has not been evaluated previously. We investigated the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in SW using perfusion MRI (pMRI) and evaluated the relationships between altered rCBF and sleep, mood, psychometric measures, and quality of life. METHODS Fifteen rotational SW and 15 day workers (DW) were enrolled. The participants were all female nurses working at a university-affiliated hospital. During 2 weeks of actigraphy they underwent pMRI scanning and psychometric testing on the last day immediately after working. Demographic characteristics, insomnia, daytime sleepiness, and mood were compared between the groups. RESULTS The participants were aged 35.3±2.9 years (mean±SD) and had been performing their current work for more than 2 years. The demographic characteristics did not differ between SW and DW, but the levels of insomnia, anxiety, depression, and hyperactivity-restlessness in psychometric measures were higher in SW than in DW. Cerebral perfusion in SW was significantly decreased in the cuneus, fusiform/parahippocampal gyri, and cerebellum of the right hemisphere, while it was increased in the inferior occipital gyrus of the left hemisphere. Perfusion changes in SW were significantly correlated with depression and insomnia severity. The onset and duration irregularity of sleep among SW were related to insomnia, mood, hyperactivity/ restlessness, and quality of life. CONCLUSIONS SW experience considerably more insomnia and mood disturbances than do DW, and this is significantly related to perfusion changes in multiple brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Kyung Park
- Department of Neurology, Bundang Jesaeng General Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jae Hun Kim
- Department Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Jung Choi
- Department of Nursing, Samsung Medical Center, Department of Clinical Nursing Science, Graduate School of Clinical Nursing Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Tae Kim
- Department Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Eun Yeon Joo
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.
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21
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Tsai YH, Yang JL, Lee IN, Yang JT, Lin LC, Huang YC, Yeh MY, Weng HH, Su CH. Effects of Dehydration on Brain Perfusion and Infarct Core After Acute Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Rats: Evidence From High-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Front Neurol 2018; 9:786. [PMID: 30294297 PMCID: PMC6158308 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dehydration is common among ischemic stroke patients and is associated with early neurological deterioration and poor outcome. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that dehydration status is associated with decreased cerebral perfusion and aggravation of ischemic brain injury. Methods: Diffusion-weighted imaging and arterial spin labeling perfusion MR imaging were performed on rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) by using a 9.4T MR imaging scanner to measure the volume of infarction and relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) after infarction. Twenty-five rats were assigned to either a dehydration group or normal hydration group, and dehydration status was achieved by water deprivation for 48 h prior to MCAO. Results: The volume of the infarction was significantly larger for the dehydration group at the 4th h after MCAO (p = 0.040). The progression in the infarct volume between the 1st and 4th h was also larger in the dehydration group (p = 0.021). The average rCBF values of the contralateral normal hemispheres at the 1st and the 4th h were significantly lower in the dehydration group (p = 0.027 and 0.040, respectively). Conclusions: Our findings suggested that dehydration status is associated with the progression of infarct volume and decreases in cerebral blood flow during the acute stage of ischemic stroke. This preliminary study provided an imaging clue that more intensive hydration therapies and reperfusion strategies are necessary for the management of acute ischemic stroke patients with dehydration status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hsiung Tsai
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jenq-Lin Yang
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - I-Neng Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Tsung Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Leng-Chieh Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chu Huang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yu Yeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Huei Weng
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hao Su
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Paschoal AM, Leoni RF, Dos Santos AC, Paiva FF. Intravoxel incoherent motion MRI in neurological and cerebrovascular diseases. Neuroimage Clin 2018; 20:705-714. [PMID: 30221622 PMCID: PMC6141267 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Intravoxel Incoherent Motion (IVIM) is a recently rediscovered noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method based on diffusion-weighted imaging. It enables the separation of the intravoxel signal into diffusion due to Brownian motion and perfusion-related contributions and provides important information on microperfusion in the tissue and therefore it is a promising tool for applications in neurological and neurovascular diseases. This review focuses on the basic principles and outputs of IVIM and details it major applications in the brain, such as stroke, tumor, and cerebral small vessel disease. A bi-exponential model that considers two different compartments, namely capillaries, and medium-sized vessels, has been frequently used for the description of the IVIM signal and may be important in those clinical applications cited before. Moreover, the combination of IVIM and arterial spin labeling MRI enables the estimation of water permeability across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), suggesting a potential imaging biomarker for disrupted-BBB diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- André M Paschoal
- Inbrain Lab, Department de Física, FFCLRP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata F Leoni
- Inbrain Lab, Department de Física, FFCLRP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio C Dos Santos
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, FMRP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando F Paiva
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Xu Q, Liu Q, Ge H, Ge X, Wu J, Qu J, Xu K. Tumor recurrence versus treatment effects in glioma: A comparative study of three dimensional pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling and dynamic susceptibility contrast imaging. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e9332. [PMID: 29390403 PMCID: PMC5815815 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gliomas constitute over 90% of primary brain tumors. Accurate identification of glioma recurrence and treatment effects is important, as it can help determine whether to continue with standard adjuvant chemotherapy or to switch to a second-line therapy for recurrence. Our purpose is to compare three dimensional pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (3D-pcASL) technique and dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (DSC-MRI) for differentiation tumor recurrence from treatment-related effects in gliomas. METHODS Twenty-nine patients with gliomas previously who showed enlarged, contrast-enhancing lesions within the radiation field after surgery and concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) were assessed with 3D-pcASL and DSC-MRI. These patients were classified into 2 groups, tumor recurrence group (n = 17) and treatment effects group (n = 12), based on pathologic analysis or clinical-radiologic follow-up. The perfusion imaging quality was assessed using a 3-point scale (1 = poor imaging, 2 = moderate imaging, and 3 = good imaging). Comparison for perfusion imaging-quality score between the 2 techniques was performed with Wilcoxon one-sample test. Quantitative analyses were performed between the 2 groups with cerebral blood flow values (ASL-CBF), relative cerebral blood flow values (ASL-rCBF, DSC-rCBF), and relative cerebral blood volume values (DSC-rCBV) using Wilcoxon one-sample test. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) statistics were calculated for testing intrareader variability in regions of interest (ROIs) measurement of all perfusion parameters. RESULTS The imaging-quality score of 3D-pcASL was higher than that of DSC-MRI (P = .01). The perfusion parameters between tumor recurrence group and treatment effects group had statistically significant differences. There was a significant correlation between ASL-rCBF and DSC-rCBF values (r = 0.803), between ASL-rCBF and DSC-rCBV values (r = 0.763), and between DSC-rCBF and DSC-rCBV (r = 0.907). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed for significant results of perfusion parameters between the 2 groups. Using a cutoff value of 1.110, ASL-rCBF showed the maximum area under the ROC curve (AUC). However, there were no significant differences among different AUCs. The ICC demonstrated excellent agreement for ROIs measurements of ASL-CBF (ICC = 0.9636), dynamic susceptibility contrast- cerebral blood flow (DSC-CBF) (ICC = 0.8508), and dynamic susceptibility contrast-cerebral blood volume (DSC-CBV) (ICC = 0.8543). CONCLUSION 3D-pcASL is an alternative perfusion method to DSC-MRI for the differentiation between tumor recurrence and treatment effects in gliomas. 3D-pcASL is noninvasive and shows fewer susceptibility artifacts than DSC-MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University
| | - Haitao Ge
- Department of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University
| | - Xinting Ge
- Department of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University
| | | | | | - Kai Xu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University
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Lin CH, Tsai YH, Lee JD, Weng HH, Yang JT, Lin LC, Lin YH, Wu CY, Huang YC, Hsu HL, Lee M, Hsu CY, Pan YT, Huang YC. Magnetic Resonance Perfusion Imaging Provides a Significant Tool for the Identification of Cardioembolic Stroke. Curr Neurovasc Res 2017; 13:271-276. [PMID: 27586679 PMCID: PMC5068491 DOI: 10.2174/1567202613666160901143040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in imaging techniques and detailed examinations to determine the etiology of a stroke, the cause still remains undetermined in about one fourth of all ischemic strokes. The aim of this prospective study was to determine whether perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can differentiate cardioembolic stroke from large artery atherosclerosis (LAA). We recruited 17 cardioembolic stroke and 22 LAA stroke patients, who were classified according to the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment and underwent perfusion MRI within 24 hours after the onset of stroke. The patients with cardioembolic stroke had more severe initial stroke severity and larger volumes of initial and final infarct compared to those with LAA stroke. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the ratio of time to maximum of the residual curve (Tmax) volume for a 2-, 3-, 4- or 5-s lag over Tmax volume for a 8s lag all had excellent area under the curve values (> 0.9) to predict cardioembolic stroke. After adjusting for initial National Institute of Health Stroke Scale scores, a threshold of 3.73 for (Tmax > 4s volume)/(Tmax > 8s volume) had the highest odds ratio to predict cardioembolic stroke (p=0.012; odds ratio: 58.5; 95% confident interval: 2.5-1391.1), with 87.5% sensitivity and 94.4% specificity. In conclusion, perfusion MRI could be a reliable tool to identify cardioembolic stroke with its lower collateral. This is important as it could be used to reveal the exact mechanism and provide supportive evidence to classify a stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yen-Chu Huang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 6 West Chia-Pu Road, Putz City, Chiayi County, Taiwan.
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Hsu CY, Cheng CY, Tsai YH, Lee JD, Yang JT, Weng HH, Lin LC, Huang YC, Lee M, Lee MH, Wu CY, Lin YH, Hsu HL, Yang HT, Pan YT, Huang YC. Perfusion-diffusion Mismatch Predicts Early Neurological Deterioration in Anterior Circulation Infarction without Thrombolysis. Curr Neurovasc Res 2016; 12:277-82. [PMID: 26044806 PMCID: PMC5403961 DOI: 10.2174/1567202612666150605122536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Perfusion-diffusion mismatch in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) represents the non-core hypoperfused area in acute ischemic stroke. The mismatch has been used to predict clinical response after thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke, but its role for predicting early neurological deterioration (END) in acute ischemic stroke without thrombolysis has not been clarified yet. In this study, we prospectively recruited 54 patients with acute non-lacunar ischemic stroke in anterior circulation without thrombolysis. All patients received the first perfusion MRI within 24 hours from stroke onset. Target mismatch profile was defined as a perfusion-diffusion mismatch ratio ≥ 1.2. END was defined as an increase of ≥ 4 points in the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score within 72 hours. There were 13 (24.1%) patients developing END, which was associated with larger infarct growth (p = 0.002), worse modified Rankin Scale (p = 0.001) and higher mortality rate at 3 months (p = 0.025). Target mismatch profiles measured by Tmax ≥ 4, 5 and 6 seconds were independent predictors for END after correcting initial NIHSS score. Among the 3 Tmax thresholds, target mismatch measured by Tmax ≥ 6 seconds had the highest odd’s ratio in predicting END (p < 0.01, odd’s ratio = 17), with an 80% sensitivity and a 79.5% specificity. In conclusion, perfusion-diffusion mismatch could identify the patients at high risk of early clinical worsening in acute ischemic stroke without thrombolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yen-Chu Huang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 6 West Chia-Pu Road, Putz City, Chiayi County, Taiwan.
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Hu LB, Hong N, Zhu WZ. Quantitative Measurement of Cerebral Perfusion with Intravoxel Incoherent Motion in Acute Ischemia Stroke: Initial Clinical Experience. Chin Med J (Engl) 2016; 128:2565-9. [PMID: 26415791 PMCID: PMC4736872 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.166033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) has the potential to provide both diffusion and perfusion information without an exogenous contrast agent, its application for the brain is promising, however, feasibility studies on this are relatively scarce. The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of IVIM perfusion in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods: Patients with suspected AIS were examined by magnetic resonance imaging within 24 h of symptom onset. Fifteen patients (mean age was 68.7 ± 8.0 years) who underwent arterial spin labeling (ASL) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) were identified as having AIS with ischemic penumbra were enrolled, where ischemic penumbra referred to the mismatch areas of ASL and DWI. Eleven different b-values were applied in the biexponential model. Regions of interest were selected in ischemic penumbras and contralateral normal brain regions. Fast apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) and ASL cerebral blood flow (CBF) were measured. The paired t-test was applied to compare ASL CBF, fast ADC, and slow ADC measurements between ischemic penumbras and contralateral normal brain regions. Linear regression and Pearson's correlation were used to evaluate the correlations among quantitative results. Results: The fast ADCs and ASL CBFs of ischemic penumbras were significantly lower than those of the contralateral normal brain regions (1.93 ± 0.78 μm2/ms vs. 3.97 ± 2.49 μm2/ms, P = 0.007; 13.5 ± 4.5 ml·100 g-1·min-1 vs. 29.1 ± 12.7 ml·100 g-1·min-1, P < 0.001, respectively). No significant difference was observed in slow ADCs between ischemic penumbras and contralateral normal brain regions (0.203 ± 0.090 μm2/ms vs. 0.198 ± 0.100 αμm2/ms, P = 0.451). Compared with contralateral normal brain regions, both CBFs and fast ADCs decreased in ischemic penumbras while slow ADCs remained the same. A significant correlation was detected between fast ADCs and ASL CBFs (r = 0.416, P < 0.05). No statistically significant correlation was observed between ASL CBFs and slow ADCs, or between fast ADCs and slow ADCs (r = 0.111, P = 0.558; r = 0.200, P = 0.289, respectively). Conclusions: The decrease in cerebral blood perfusion primarily results in the decrease in fast ADC in ischemic penumbras; therefore, fast ADC can reflect the perfusion situation in cerebral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nan Hong
- Department of Radiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
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Vidyasagar R, Abernethy L, Pizer B, Avula S, Parkes LM. Quantitative measurement of blood flow in paediatric brain tumours-a comparative study of dynamic susceptibility contrast and multi time-point arterial spin labelled MRI. Br J Radiol 2016; 89:20150624. [PMID: 26975495 PMCID: PMC5258143 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20150624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Arterial spin-labelling (ASL) MRI uses intrinsic blood water to quantify the cerebral blood flow (CBF), removing the need for the injection of a gadolinium-based contrast agent used for conventional perfusion imaging such as dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC). Owing to the non-invasive nature of the technique, ASL is an attractive option for use in paediatric patients. This work compared DSC and multi-timepoint ASL measures of CBF in paediatric brain tumours. Methods: Patients (n = 23; 20 low-grade tumours and 3 high-grade tumours) had DSC and multi-timepoint ASL with and without vascular crushers (VC). VC removes the contribution from larger vessel blood flow. Mean perfusion metrics were extracted from control and T1-enhanced tumour regions of interest (ROIs): arterial arrival time (AAT) and CBF from the ASL images with and without VC, relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF), relative cerebral blood volume, delay time (DT) and mean transit time (MTT) from the DSC images. Results: Significant correlations existed for: AAT and DT (r = 0.77, p = 0.0002) and CBF and rCBF (r = 0.56, p = 0.02) in control ROIs for ASL-noVC. No significant correlations existed between DSC and ASL measures in the tumour region. Significant differences between control and tumour ROI were found for MTT (p < 0.001) and rCBF (p < 0.005) measures. Conclusion: Significant correlations between ASL-noVC and DSC measures in the normal brain suggest that DSC is most sensitive to macrovascular blood flow. The absence of significant correlations within the tumour ROI suggests that ASL is sensitive to different physiological mechanisms compared with DSC measures. Advances in knowledge: ASL provides information which is comparable with that of DSC in healthy tissues, but appears to reflect a different physiology in tumour tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishma Vidyasagar
- 1 Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,2 Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Laurence Abernethy
- 3 Department of Radiology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Barry Pizer
- 4 Department of Paediatric Oncology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Shivaram Avula
- 3 Department of Radiology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Laura M Parkes
- 5 Centre for Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Kim S, Kang M, Choi S. A case report of sporadic hemiplegic migraine associated cerebral hypoperfusion: comparison of arterial spin labeling and dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion MR imaging. Eur J Pediatr 2016; 175:295-8. [PMID: 26250760 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-015-2609-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The pathogenesis of sporadic hemiplegic migraine remains unclear, and perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (PWI) has been used for characterization of hemodynamic changes in migraine aura. We report a case of sporadic hemiplegic migraine in which magnetic resonance perfusion imaging showed left cerebral hypoperfusion. Dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion maps showed hypoperfusion with posterior predominance in the left cerebral hemisphere. Findings with arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion correlated well with DSC perfusion findings. CONCLUSION With unique advantages compared with DSC PWI, ASL has significant potential in the evaluation of the patients with sporadic hemiplegic migraine. WHAT IS KNOWN Sporadic hemiplegic migraine is a rare variety of migraine defined by migraine attacks, which include the presence of motor weakness/hemiparesis during the aura phase and where no first- or second-degree relative (parent, sibling, or child) has identical attacks. WHAT IS NEW Reports on imaging abnormalities described in sporadic hemiplegic migraine are sparse. To our knowledge, this is the first report to describe arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion abnormalities in patients with sporadic hemiplegic migraine, as compared with dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (PWI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghyeon Kim
- Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Medical Center, 1,3-ga, Dongdaeshin-dong, Seo-gu, Busan, 602-715, South Korea.
| | - Myongjin Kang
- Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Medical Center, 1,3-ga, Dongdaeshin-dong, Seo-gu, Busan, 602-715, South Korea.
| | - Sunseob Choi
- Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Medical Center, 1,3-ga, Dongdaeshin-dong, Seo-gu, Busan, 602-715, South Korea.
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Comparative study of DSC-PWI and 3D-ASL in ischemic stroke patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 35:923-927. [PMID: 26670447 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-015-1529-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to quantitatively analyze the relationship between three dimensional arterial spin labeling (3D-ASL) and dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced perfusion weighted imaging (DSC-PWI) in ischemic stroke patients. Thirty patients with ischemic stroke were included in this study. All subjects underwent routine magnetic resonance imaging scanning, diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), 3D-ASL and DSC-PWI on a 3.0T MR scanner. Regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn on the cerebral blood flow (CBF) maps (derived from ASL) and multi-parametric DSC perfusion maps, and then, the absolute and relative values of ASL-CBF, DSC-derived CBF, and DSC-derived mean transit time (MTT) were calculated. The relationships between ASL and DSC parameters were analyzed using Pearson's correlation analysis. Receiver operative characteristic (ROC) curves were performed to define the thresholds of relative value of ASL-CBF (rASL) that could best predict DSC-CBF reduction and MTT prolongation. Relative ASL better correlated with CBF and MTT in the anterior circulation with the Pearson correlation coefficients (R) values being 0.611 (P<0.001) and-0.610 (P<0.001) respectively. ROC curves demonstrated that when rASL ≤0.585, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for predicting ROIs with rCBF<0.9 were 92.3%, 63.6% and 76.6% respectively. When rASL ≤0.952, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for predicting ROIs rMTT>1.0 were 75.7%, 89.2% and 87.8% respectively. ASL-CBF map has better linear correlations with DSC-derived parameters (DSC-CBF and MTT) in anterior circulation in ischemic stroke patients. Additionally, when rASL is lower than 0.585, it could predict DSC-CBF decrease with moderate accuracy. If rASL values range from 0.585 to 0.952, we just speculate the prolonged MTT.
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A neuroradiologist's guide to arterial spin labeling MRI in clinical practice. Neuroradiology 2015; 57:1181-202. [PMID: 26351201 PMCID: PMC4648972 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-015-1571-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a non-invasive MRI technique to measure cerebral blood flow (CBF). This review provides a practical guide and overview of the clinical applications of ASL of the brain, as well its potential pitfalls. The technical and physiological background is also addressed. At present, main areas of interest are cerebrovascular disease, dementia and neuro-oncology. In cerebrovascular disease, ASL is of particular interest owing to its quantitative nature and its capability to determine cerebral arterial territories. In acute stroke, the source of the collateral blood supply in the penumbra may be visualised. In chronic cerebrovascular disease, the extent and severity of compromised cerebral perfusion can be visualised, which may be used to guide therapeutic or preventative intervention. ASL has potential for the detection and follow-up of arteriovenous malformations. In the workup of dementia patients, ASL is proposed as a diagnostic alternative to PET. It can easily be added to the routinely performed structural MRI examination. In patients with established Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia, hypoperfusion patterns are seen that are similar to hypometabolism patterns seen with PET. Studies on ASL in brain tumour imaging indicate a high correlation between areas of increased CBF as measured with ASL and increased cerebral blood volume as measured with dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced perfusion imaging. Major advantages of ASL for brain tumour imaging are the fact that CBF measurements are not influenced by breakdown of the blood–brain barrier, as well as its quantitative nature, facilitating multicentre and longitudinal studies.
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Huang YC, Tsai YH, Lee JD, Weng HH, Lin LC, Lin YH, Wu CY, Huang YC, Hsu HL, Lee M, Yang HT, Hsu CY, Pan YT, Yang JT. Hemodynamic factors may play a critical role in neurological deterioration occurring within 72 hrs after lacunar stroke. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108395. [PMID: 25340713 PMCID: PMC4207695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Whether a perfusion defect exists in lacunar infarct and whether it is related to early neurological deterioration (END) is still under debate. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether END in lacunar infarct is related to a perfusion defect using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and perfusion MR imaging. Methods One hundred and forty-one consecutive patients had an MRI scan within 30 hours after onset of symptoms and 43 patients with acute lacunar infarct and classic lacunar syndrome were recruited. The MRI sequences included DWI, DTI and cerebral blood flow (CBF) maps to respectively represent the topographic locations of acute infarcts, the corticospinal tract and perfusion defects. The END was defined in reference to the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) as an increase ≧2 within 72 hours. Cohen's Kappa coefficient was used to examine the reliability between the 2 image readers. A multivariate logistic regression model was constructed adjusting for baseline variables. Results Ten out of the 43 patients had END. Patients having END was significantly associated with lower chances of favorable and good outcomes at 3 months (p = 0.01 and p = 0.002, respectively). END was predicted when the non-core hypoperfused area overlapped on the corticospinal tract, which is defined as the expected END profile. Cohen's Kappa coefficient between the 2 image readers to define images of expected END profiles was 0.74. In 15 patients with expected END profile, 9 had END clinically, whereas 28 patients had no expected END profile, and only 1 patient had END (p<0.0001). After adjusting for sex, the expected END profile was still associated with END (odds ratio, 42.2; p = 0.002). Conclusion Our study demonstrated that the END in acute lacunar stroke is likely related to the transformation of non-core hypoperfused area into infarction in the anatomy of corticospinal tracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chu Huang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hsiung Tsai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Chiayi,Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Der Lee
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Huei Weng
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Chiayi,Taiwan
| | - Leng-Chieh Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hui Lin
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ying Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chih Huang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Lin Hsu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Meng Lee
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ta Yang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Hsu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Pan
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Tsung Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Chiayi, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Altered resting-state FMRI signals in acute stroke patients with ischemic penumbra. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105117. [PMID: 25121486 PMCID: PMC4133354 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Identifying the ischemic penumbra in acute stroke subjects is important for the clinical decision making process. The aim of this study was to use resting-state functional magnetic resonance singal (fMRI) to investigate the change in the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) of these subjects in three different subsections of acute stroke regions: the infarct core tissue, the penumbra tissue, and the normal brain tissue. Another aim of this study was to test the feasilbility of consistently detecting the penumbra region of the brain through ALFF analysis. Methods Sixteen subjects with first-ever acute ischemic stroke were scanned within 27 hours of the onset of stroke using magnetic resonance imaging. The core of infarct regions and penumbra regions were determined by diffusion and perfusion-weighted imaging respectively. The ALFF were measured from resting-state blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) fMRI scans. The averaged relative ALFF value of each regions were correlated with the time after the onset of stroke. Results Relative ALFF values were significantly different in the infarct core tissue, penumbra tissue and normal brain tissue. The locations of lesions in the ALFF maps did not match perfectly with diffusion and perfusion-weighted imagings; however, these maps provide a contrast that can be used to differentiate between penumbra brain tissue and normal brain tissue. Significant correlations between time after stroke onset and the relative ALFF values were present in the penumbra tissue but not in the infarct core and normal brain tissue. Conclusion Preliminary results from this study suggest that the ALFF reflects the underlying neurovascular activity and has a great potential to estimate the brain tissue viability after ischemia. Results also show that the ALFF may contribute to acute stroke imaging for thrombolytic or neuroprotective therapies.
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Mair G, Wardlaw JM. Imaging of acute stroke prior to treatment: current practice and evolving techniques. Br J Radiol 2014; 87:20140216. [PMID: 24936980 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20140216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Standard imaging in acute stroke is undertaken with the aim of diagnosing the underlying cause and excluding stroke mimics. In the presence of ischaemic stroke, imaging is also needed to assess patient suitability for treatment with intravenous thrombolysis. Non-contrast CT is predominantly used, but MRI can also exclude any contraindications to thrombolysis treatment. Advanced stroke imaging such as CT and MR angiography and perfusion imaging are increasingly used in an acute setting. In this review, we discuss the evidence for the application of these advanced techniques in the imaging of acute stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Mair
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, Division of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Science, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
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Clinical evaluation of an arterial-spin-labeling product sequence in steno-occlusive disease of the brain. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87143. [PMID: 24516546 PMCID: PMC3916330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In brain perfusion imaging, arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a noninvasive alternative to dynamic susceptibility contrast-magnetic resonance imaging (DSC-MRI). For clinical imaging, only product sequences can be used. We therefore analyzed the performance of a product sequence (PICORE-PASL) included in an MRI software-package compared with DSC-MRI in patients with steno-occlusion of the MCA or ICA >70%. Methods Images were acquired on a 3T MRI system and qualitatively analyzed by 3 raters. For a quantitative analysis, cortical ROIs were placed in co-registered ASL and DSC images. Pooled data for ASL-cerebral blood flow (CBF) and DSC-CBF were analyzed by Spearman’s correlation and the Bland-Altman (BA)-plot. Results In 28 patients, 11 ASL studies were uninterpretable due to patient motion. Of the remaining patients, 71% showed signs of delayed tracer arrival. A weak correlation for DSC-relCBF vs ASL-relCBF (r = 0.24) and a large spread of values in the BA-plot owing to unreliable CBF-measurement was found. Conclusion The PICORE ASL product sequence is sensitive for estimation of delayed tracer arrival, but cannot be recommended to measure CBF in steno-occlusive disease. ASL-sequences that are less sensitive to patient motion and correcting for delayed blood flow should be available in the clinical setting.
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Lacalle-Aurioles M, Alemán-Gómez Y, Guzmán-De-Villoria JA, Cruz-Orduña I, Olazarán J, Mateos-Pérez JM, Martino ME, Desco M. Is the cerebellum the optimal reference region for intensity normalization of perfusion MR studies in early Alzheimer's disease? PLoS One 2013; 8:e81548. [PMID: 24386081 PMCID: PMC3873914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum is the region most commonly used as a reference when normalizing the intensity of perfusion images acquired using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) studies. In addition, the cerebellum provides unbiased estimations with nuclear medicine techniques. However, no reports confirm the cerebellum as an optimal reference region in MRI studies or evaluate the consequences of using different normalization regions. In this study, we address the effect of using the cerebellum, whole-brain white matter, and whole-brain cortical gray matter in the normalization of cerebral blood flow (CBF) parametric maps by comparing patients with stable mild cognitive impairment (MCI), patients with AD and healthy controls. According to our results, normalization by whole-brain cortical gray matter enables more sensitive detection of perfusion abnormalities in AD patients and reveals a larger number of affected regions than data normalized by the cerebellum or whole-brain white matter. Therefore, the cerebellum is not the most valid reference region in MRI studies for early stages of AD. After normalization by whole-brain cortical gray matter, we found a significant decrease in CBF in both parietal lobes and an increase in CBF in the right medial temporal lobe. We found no differences in perfusion between patients with stable MCI and healthy controls either before or after normalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Lacalle-Aurioles
- Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Yasser Alemán-Gómez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Isabel Cruz-Orduña
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Olazarán
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - José María Mateos-Pérez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Desco
- Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
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